MCR. Applicationspecific. Accessories for Additional Parameter Setting

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1 MCR Applicationspecific Accessories for Additional Parameter Setting

2 Additional Parameter Setting Anton Paar s range of MCR accessories for additional parameter setting enables you to perform temperature-controlled rheological tests while applying well-defined external influences. Build on your rheometer to investigate how additional parameters such as pressure or an electric field change the flow and deformation behavior of your sample. Due to their intrinsic modular concept, MCR rheometers from Anton Paar are easily configured with a variety of application-specific accessories to match your specific measurement needs. Anton Paar s in-house manufacturing competence and close cooperation with R&D customers and universities has resulted in a comprehensive accessory portfolio for temperature control, additional parameter setting, structure analysis and extended material characterization. Benefit from a truly unrivaled volume of measurement options to determine the rheological behavior of your samples as it actually occurs in real processes or applications. For example, measure the high shear viscosity of a magnetorheological fluid in its activated state with TwinGap, or employ the Magneto-Rheological Device to improve the performance of a fluid that will be used in clutches of future cars. Whichever external influence you want to include in your rheological experiment, your MCR rheometer combined with the according accessory for additional parameter setting enables reliable modular integration as well as convenient and safe operation.

3 4 5 Pressure 6 UV Curing 7 Immobilization Kinetics 8 9 Magnetic Fields 10 Electric Fields 11 Humidity

4 Pressure Pressure Cell Systems Combine the Pressure Cell Systems with your MCR rheometer to perform rheological tests under controlled temperature and pressure. The systems can be used to simulate process conditions, measure the sample s pressure dependence and prevent sample evaporation above the boiling point. A wide range of different pressure cells ensures the best possible solution for your application. All cells transfer the relevant data, e.g. pressure and temperature, directly to the application software. Setups There are two main types of pressure cells available to provide the optimal solution for all your measuring requirements. Rheological measurements under pressure with or without gas in the headspace and exchangeable measuring systems are available. Technical specifications Measurement parameter Measuring systems 1) Gas-filled headspace Magnetic Coupling Pressure Head Upper Ball-Bearing 30 bar (Starch Pressure Cell) 1 bar/15 psi 500 bar/7250 psi 1000 bar/14500 psi -30 C 5 C 160 C 300 C Magnets 150 bar 1 bar/15 psi 500 bar/7250 psi 1000 bar/14500 psi Lower Ball-Bearing -30 C 300 C Bob 150 bar/xl 1 bar/15 psi 500 bar/7250 psi 1000 bar/14500 psi Pressure Cup -30 C -10 C 200 C 300 C 2) Liquid-filled measuring chamber 400 bar/xl 1 bar/15 psi 500 bar/7250 psi 1000 bar/14500 psi -30 C -10 C 200 C 300 C Magnetic Coupling Pressure Head 170 bar/xl (compliant with SY/T ) 1 bar/15 psi 500 bar/7250 psi 1000 bar/14500 psi -30 C 25 C 200 C 300 C 1000 bar 1 bar/15 psi 500 bar/7250 psi 1000 bar/14500 psi Bob -30 C 25 C 300 C Pressure Cup

5 Typical applications are in the field of polymers, petrochemicals, oil recovery, and food processing (e.g. starch gelatinization). The pressure can be set either by self-pressurization due to volatile components within the sample and thermal expansion, or by increasing the pressure with an external pressure source which can be a high-pressure gas tank or a high-pressure pump for liquids. For measurements of highly corrosive samples pressure cells made of Hastelloy are also available. Options Gas pressure supply Liquid pressure supply Hastelloy version

6 UV Curing UV Curing System Combine the UV Curing System with your MCR rheometer to investigate curing reactions initiated by UV light, following materials development from their original to their fully cured state. Due to its considerable technological and economic benefits, UV light curing has experienced rapid growth and has evolved from a laboratory curiosity to a new industrial standard technique. The setup The UV Curing System consists of the well-established and actively controlled Peltier hood and the Peltier Universal Optical Device (P-PTD 200/GL), a Peltier-temperaturecontrolled glass plate. Together they ensure quick and accurate temperature control as well as perfect sample illumination for homogenous UV curing. A UV curing system for convection temperature devices is also available. A powerful ultraviolet light source is connected to the cell by a flexible light guide and controlled by the MCR s software. The light source can be switched on and off throughout the measurement. On request, the light source is available with different filters for the emission of discrete wavelengths and with a radiometer for calibration purposes. Depending on the chemical material, layer thickness and UV light intensity, the sample cures within a very short time. Tracking this chemical reaction requires fast data acquisition the MCRs unique TruStrain method enables the highest possible data rate during oscillatory tests. Specifications P-PTD 200/GL and light source Temperature range -20 to 200 C UV light source, Peak intensity depending on used filter 250 nm 450 nm 22,500 mw/cm nm 5600 mw/cm nm 390 nm 10,300 mw/cm nm 500 nm 21,700 mw/cm 2 Lamp UV safety eyewear - High-pressure 100 Watt mercury vapor short arc - Option: LED UV light source Parallel-plate and cone-plate systems with diameters up to 50 mm Typical applications 4 UV-reactive systems: epoxy resins, inks, coatings, adhesives Features 4 Monitoring UV-initiated curing reaction with rheometer 4 Software-controlled shutter of the light source 4 TruStrain function for fast rheological data collection 4 Optional light filter for discrete wavelengths 4 Reliable and fast Peltier or convection temperature control 4 Sample protected against external light sources/daylight 4 Closed system allows purging with inert gas 4 Sensitive normal force control for shrinkage compensation 4 Compliance correction ensures accurate measurements of fully cured samples Rapid curing process in less than 10 seconds.

7 Immobilization Kinetics Immobilization Cell Employ the Immobilization Cell (IMC) to investigate the immobilization kinetics and water retention of paper coatings by simulating process conditions. The setup Measurements with the IMC are performed using a parallelplate measuring system. The sample, a piece of base paper, is clamped onto a perforated plane in the chamber and the coating is applied to its surface. A vacuum generated by a pump forces the liquid phase of the sample to penetrate into the base paper, so that the moisture is extracted from the coating. Throughout this procedure, the rheometer measures the sample s shear viscosity in a rotational stress-controlled test. The increase in viscosity over time is used to characterize the sample s immobilization kinetics, which is determined by the water retention properties of dispersion coating colors and the structural rearrangements during the dewatering process. The gap width, shear stress and pressure difference can be varied in order to simulate process conditions. Typical applications 4 Paper coatings Features 4 Immobilization kinetics of paper coatings monitored using patented technology 4 Vacuum pump used for dewatering 4 Liquid temperature control Specifications Temperature range 10 to 70 C Gap width/layer thickness 50 μm to 2000 μm Shear stress range Pressure difference between coating layer and base paper Parallel-plate measuring system 0.1 Pa to 1500 Pa 0 Pa to 80,000 Pa 50 mm diameter Viscosity/time curves of paper coatings with different concentrations of synthetic thickener

8 Magneto-Rheological Device (MRD) Use the Magneto-Rheological Device (MRD) in combination with an MCR rheometer to analyze the influence of a magnetic field on magnetorheological fluids (MRF) and ferrofluids. Apply a homogenous magnetic field of up to 1.3 Tesla. The setup The MRD consists of a liquid-temperature-controlled bottom plate with built-in coils that produce a magnetic field of up to 1.3 Tesla in the air gap. A magnetic yoke covers the plate to ensure a homogenous field and perpendicular field lines with respect to the plate. The parallel-plate system is made of non-magnetized metal, preventing radial forces acting on the shaft. The yoke can be temperature-controlled up to 70 C with the liquid used in the bottom plate. A high-temperature version for operations at up to 170 C is available, employing liquid temperature control in the bottom plate (using an oil bath) and Peltier temperature control of the yoke. The MRD is fully integrated in the rheometer s software, which controls the magnetic field and records all important parameters. For measuring the online magnetic field and temperature close to the sample, an external Hall sensor and a temperature sensor are available. TwinGap geometry MRFs and some ferrofluids show elastic properties when subjected to a magnetic field, therefore they tend to escape the gap when high shear is applied. The TwinGap geometry patented by BASF and exclusively licensed to Anton Paar solves this problem. It consists of a ferromagnetic parallel-plate system which is filled with sample underneath, at the edge and on the top. A cover seals the system and encloses the sample, enabling measurements at shear rates of up to 3000 s -1.

9 Magnetic Fields Features 4 Rheological measurements in magnetic fields of up to 1 T (up to 1.3 T using TwinGap ) 4 Optional online measurement of magnetic fields with direct data transfer to the rheometer software 4 Optional online temperature measurement with direct data transfer to the rheometer software 4 Two temperature control versions up to 70 C and 170 C, respectively 4 Patented TwinGap option for measurements at high shear rates exclusively licensed to Anton Paar Specifications Measurement at constant strain (0.005 %) and angular frequency while increasing magnetic field strength. After initial flow (I), at higher field strengths chain formation obstructs flow (II), then particles block flow (III). Temperature range Liquid temperature control 20 C to 70 C Combined liquid/peltier temperature control Maximum magnetic field Parallel-plate system -10 C to 170 C 1 T (PP20, 1 mm gap, sample: air), 1.3 T (TwinGap, sample: air) 20 mm diameter TwinGap 16 mm diameter Flow curves and yield stress values with varying field strength Typical applications 4 Magnetorheological fluids and ferrofluids Slot for Hall and temperature sensor Temperaturecontrolled yoke Slot for Hall and temperature sensor Temperaturecontrolled yoke MRF MRF Plate for magnetic flux density measurements Temperaturecontrolled bottom plate Plate for magnetic flux density measurements Temperaturecontrolled bottom plate Setup of the Magneto-Rheological Device Setup of the TwinGap option

10 Electric Fields Electro-Rheological Device (ERD) Employ the Electro-Rheological Device (ERD) in combination with your MCR rheometer for rheological measurements while applying a voltage to the sample. This technique is useful for investigating the influence of electric fields on electrorheological fluids (ERF), which change their viscosity depending on an applied voltage. The setup Two versions of the ERD are available, covering concentriccylinder (C-PTD 200/E) and parallel-plate measurements (P-PTD 200/E), respectively. Both are Peltier-temperaturecontrolled in the range from 0 C to 200 C. Voltage is applied to the shaft of the measuring system; the plate or cup is connected to close the electrical circuit. The voltage is applied by DC power supply in a range up to 12.5 kv. Typical applications 4 Electrorheological fluids (e.g. used for clutches, brakes, pumps, dampers) Please note: Electrically conducting samples cannot be measured. A certified safety concept ensures convenient and safe handling, the current stops as soon as the safety hood is opened. The ERD works on every MCR rheometer of the xx2 series, all rheological test modes can be performed alongside the application of a well-defined electric field monitored and controlled via the rheometer s software. Features 4 Rheological measurements in electric fields up to 12.5 kv 4 Peltier temperature control in the range from 0 C to 200 C 4 Concentric-cylinder and parallel-plate measurements 4 Integrated safety concept with protective hood and grounded cup or plate Specifications Temperature range 0 C to 200 C Voltage range (DC) 0 kv to 12.5 kv Maximum current 1 ma Measuring systems - Concentric cylinder, 17 mm and 27 mm diameter - Parallel plate, 25 mm and 50 mm diameter A voltage sweep in an oscillatory test with a constant strain and frequency. During the test the starch/silicone oil suspension changes from more viscous to more elastic behavior.

11 Humidity Humidity Option for CTD 180 Environmental conditions strongly influence a sample's rheological behavior. Drying, for example, leads to a continuous viscosity increase when measured over time at a constant temperature. To prevent drying and therefore nonreproducible data, evaporation blockers or solvent traps are used. The humidity option for the CTD 180 humidity-ready convection oven enables rheological measurements under controlled temperature and moisture conditions to prevent drying or study the material's behavior under controlled humidity. The setup The humidity option for CTD 180 consists of a specially tailored humidity generator for setting the relative humidity in the temperature device up to 95 % depending on the actual temperature. The humidity sensor gives feedback to the humidity controller and transfers the data to the rheometer software. The generator contains a water tank to feed the dry gas up to the desired water content. The device is optimized for work with high humidity and prevents cold spots which could turn the wet air back into water. The humidity option is optionally connected to CTD 180, enabling parallel plate and cone-plate measurements as well as tests with the extensional rheology systems (UXF, SER) and solid DMTA fixtures (SRF, UXF, SCF) at controlled moisture. The accessory is TwinDrive-ready, meaning it can also be employed when the MCR rheometer is working with two motors. Example application Silicon sealants which cure at room temperature (RTV silicones) cure via a reaction with the water in the ambient air. The impact of the relative humidity of the ambient air on the curing of such a sealant is indicated in the following figure. With increasing relative humidity the sealant's G and G moduli increase more rapidly, and reaction times become shorter until the elastic properties dominate (G > G ). The texture of various polymers and also of a wide variety of food is known to be dependent on their water content. The water content of a sample itself is influenced by the relative humidity of the ambient air. Specifications Temperature range 5 C to 120 C Relative Humidity 5 %rh to 95 %rh The texture of various polymers and also of a wide variety of food is known to be dependent on their water content. The water content of a sample itself is influenced by the relative humidity of the ambient air. Therefore, the characterization of the rheological properties of such materials under controlled humidity enables the evaluation of processing properties or possible deterioration effects due to storage under specific conditions. Typical applications 4 polymers (e.g. mechanical properties) 4 adhesives, sealants (e.g. curing) 4 coatings and paints (e.g. drying) 4 food 4 building materials G and G of a silicone adhesive as a function of time at various but constant relative humidities (T = 45 C)

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