Properties of Acids and Bases SECTION 1
|
|
- Lesley Francis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Acids and bases
2 Properties of Acids and Bases SECTION 1
3 Many foods have acid in them Sour milk lactic acid Vinegar acetic acid Citrus fruits citric acid Apples malic acid Grape juice tartaric acid
4 Many household items are bases Ammonia Sodium hydroxide (lye) in drain and oven cleaners Milk of magnesia (antacid) to relieve stomach pain (Mg(OH) 2 )
5
6 Acids First recognized as separate class of compounds b/c of common properties of aqueous solutions 1. Aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste. Should never be used as a test to evaluate a chemical substance Many are corrosive (destroy tissue/clothing) Many are poisonous
7 2. Acids change the color of acid-base indicators. When ph paper used, paper turns certain color
8 3. Some acids react with active metals to release hydrogen gas. Metals above hydrogen in activity series go through single-replacement reactions with certain acids 4. Acids react with bases to produce salts and water. When equal amounts of acid and base reacted, previous properties disappear Acid is neutralized Produces water and ionic compound (salt)
9 5. Some acids conduct electric current. Acids that form many ions in aqueous solution are elctrolytes
10 Naming Acids (Acid Nomenclature) Binary acid à acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen, and one of the more electronegative elements Ex. Hydrogen halides HF, HCl, HBr, HI
11
12 Oxyacid à acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal Ex. Nitric acid HNO3 One class of ternary acids (contain 3 elements) Usually written as one or more H followed by polyatomic ion
13 Name of oxyacid Name of oxyanion Prefix Suffix Prefix Suffix Hypo- -ous Hypo- -ite None -ous None -ite None -ic None -ate Per- -ic Per- -ate
14
15
16 Some Common Industrial Acids Properties of acids make them important chemicals in lab and industry Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Hydrochloric acid Acetic acid
17 Sulfuric Acid Most commonly produced industrial chemical in the world More than 47 million tons made each year in US alone Used in large quantities in petroleum refining and metallurgy Also in manufacture of fertilizer
18 Also needed for large number of industrial processes Making metals Paper Paint Dyes Detergents Many chemical raw materials Used in car batteries
19 b/c it attracts water, concentrated H2SO4 is an effective dehydration agent Can remove water from gases that it doesn t react with Sugar and other organic compounds dehydrated by H2SO4
20 Nitric Acid Pure nitric acid is volatile, unstable liquid rarely used in industries or labs Stains proteins yellow
21 Acid has suffocating odor Stains skin Can cause serious burns Used in making explosives Also used to make rubber, plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals
22 Initially it is clear If you leave it, it will turn yellow Slight decomposition to brown nitrogen dioxide gas
23 Phosphoric Acid Phosphorous is essential element for plants and animals Most phosphoric acid used directly for making fertilizers and animal feed Dilute phosphoric acid has pleasant but sour taste and is not toxic Used as flavoring agent in beverages Cleaning agent for dairy equipment Important in making detergents and ceramics
24 Hydrochloric Acid Stomach makes it to help digestion In industry, useful to pickle iron and steel (remove surface impurities) Used in industry as general cleaning agent Used in food processing Used in activation of oil wells, recovery of magnesium from sea water, and in making other chemicals
25 Dilute solution of HCl (referred to as muriatic acid) can be found in hardware stores Used to maintain correct acidity in swimming pools and cleaning stone (masonry) Vixol solution of HCl
26 Acetic Acid Concentrated acetic acid is clear, colorless, strongsmelling liquid known as glacial acetic acid Name comes from freezing point (17 ) Can form crystals in cold room Fermentation of certain plants makes vinegars containing acetic acid White vinegar 4-8% acetic acid
27 Important in industry in making chemicals used in making plastics It s a raw material in production of food supplements ex. Lysine (essential amino acid) Acetic acid is also used as fungicide
28 Bases 1. Aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter. Ever had soap in your mouth? NEVER use this as a test Many bases are caustic they attack skin and tissues 2. Bases change the color of acid-base indicators.
29
30 3. Dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slippery. Like soap 4. Bases react with acids to make salts and water. 5. Bases conduct electric current. Like acids, bases form ions in aqueous solutions so are electrolytes
31
32 Arrhenius Acids and Bases Svante Arrhenius Swedish chemist, Understood aqueous solutions of acids and bases conduct electric current He concluded acids and bases must produce ions in solution
33 Arrhenius acid à chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution Acid ionized in solution and increases the number of H + present Arrhenius base à substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH - ) in aqueous solution
34
35 Some bases are ionic hydroxides These dissociate in solution to release OH - into solution Others are substances that react with water to remove H +, leaving OH - in solution
36 Aqueous Solutions of Acids The acids described by Arrhenius are molecular compounds with ionizable hydrogen atoms Their water solutions are called aqueous acids All pure aqueous acids are electrolytes
37 Acid molecules are polar enough so that one or more hydrogen ions are attracted by H2O Negatively charged anions are left behind Hydrogen ion in aqueous solution is best represented by hydronium, H3O +
38 Ex. HNO3 Hydrogen atoms combine with water to form hydronium HCl ionizes in a similar way
39
40 Strength of Acids Strong acid à one that ionizes completely in aqueous solution Ex. HClO4, HCl, HNO3 Strength depends on polarity of bond between hydrogen and other elements how easily it breaks Strength increases with increasing polarity and decreasing bond energy
41 Weak acid à acids that are weak electrolytes Aqueous solutions contain hydronium ions, anions and dissolved acid molecules Ex. HCN (hydrocyanic acid)
42
43 In aqueous solution, ionization and reverse reaction of HCN happen at same time Most of solution is made of hydrogen cyanide and water
44 Strong acids assumed to ionize completely to give up one H+ Number of H+ in formula does not affect strength
45 Molecules with multiple hydrogen atoms may not give them up easily Ex. Phosphoric acid has 3 hydrogens Doesn t give any of them up easily So is weak acid
46 Organic acids à contain acidic carboxyl group (-COOH) Generally weak acids Ex. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) Ionizes slightly in water
47 1 molecule of acetic acid contains 4 hydrogen atoms Only 1 ionizes Hydrogen in carboxyl is the acidic hydrogen Forms hydronium ion
48 Aqueous Solutions of Bases Most bases are ionic compounds made of metal cations and the hydroxide anion b/c they are ionic, they dissociate to some extent when in solution Alkaline à when a base completely dissociates in water to yield aqueous OH - ions
49 NaOH is water-soluble and dissociates as follows Remember sodium is an alkali metal All alkali metal hydroxides form alkaline solutions
50 Not all bases are ionic compounds Ammonia (common household cleaner) is molecular It s a base b/c it produces hydroxide ions when it reacts with water molecules
51 Strength of Bases Strength of base also depends on extent of dissociation into solution Ex. KOH is strong base it dissociates completely Strong bases are also strong electrolytes
52
53 Bases that are not very soluble don t make a large number of OH - when added to water Some metal hydroxide are not very soluble in water They cannot make strong alkaline solutions Alkalinity depends on concentration of OH - in solution Unrelated to number of OH - ions in undissolved compound
54 Consider ammonia highly soluble but weak electrolyte Concentration of OH- ions in solution relatively low So, ammonia is weak base Many organic compounds that contain N atoms also weak bases
55 Acid-Base Theories SECTION 2
56 As scientists investigated acid-base behavior, they found some substances acted as acids or bases when not in water solution b/c Arrhenius definition requires aqueous solutions, definitions of acids and bases had to be revised
57 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Brønsted-Lowry acid à a molecule or ion that is a proton donor b/c H+ is proton, all Arrhenius acids donate a proton and so are Brønsted-Lowry acids as well Substances other than molecules can also donate protons These are not Arrhenius acids but are included in Brønsted-Lowry acids
58 Hydrogen chloride acts as Brønsted-Lowry acid when dissolved in ammonia HCl transfers proton to ammonia molecule Forms ammonium
59 Electron-dot formulas show similarity of reaction to reaction with HCl in water In both reactions, HCl is Brønsted-Lowry acid
60 Water can also be Brønsted-Lowry acid Ex. Water donating proton to ammonia molecule
61 Brønsted-Lowry base à molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor In reaction with HCl and ammonia, ammonia accepts proton from HCl It is a Brønsted-Lowry base
62 Arrhenius hydroxide bases (NaOH) not necessarily Brønsted-Lowry bases As compounds, they are not proton acceptors OH- made in solution is Brønsted-Lowry base It is the species that accepts proton
63
64 Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction à protons transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base)
65 Monoprotic Acids Monoprotic acid à an acid that can donate only 1 proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule Ex. HClO4, HCl, HNO3
66 Polyprotic Acids Polyprotic acid à an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule Ex. H2SO4, H3PO4 Ionization occurs in stages Acid loses hydrogens one at a time
67
68 Diprotic acid à acid that can donate 2 protons per molecule Triprotic acid à acid that can donate 3 protons
69
70 Lewis Acids and Bases Both Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions assume that acid contains or make hydrogen ions 3 rd classification (based on bonding and structure) includes acids as substances that do not have hydrogen at all Lewis definition emphasizes role of electron pairs in acidbase reactions Lewis acid à atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond
71 Broadest definition of 3 definitions Applies to any species that can accept electron pair to form covalent bond with another species Lone proton is Lewis acid in reactions where it forms covalent bond
72 The formula for Lewis acid doesn t need to have hydrogen Even silver ion can be Lewis acid
73 Any compound where central atom has 3 valence electrons and forms 3 covalent bonds can react as Lewis acid It accepts pair of electrons to form 4 th covalent bond (completes electron octect) Ex. Boron trifluoride excellent Lewis acid Forms 4 th covalent bond with many molecules and ions
74 Lewis definition applies to species in any phase (s, l, g, aq) Ex. BF3 and NH3 in gas phase
75 Lewis base à atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond Anion is Lewis base in reaction where it forms covalent bond by donating electron pair Ex. BF3 reacting with F- F- donates electron pair to BF3 (acts as Lewis base)
76
77 Lewis acid-base reaction à formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor Even though 3 definitions are different, many compounds categorized as acids or bases according to all 3
78 Ex. NH3 Arrhenius base b/c OH- ions created when ammonia is in solution Brønsted-Lowry base b/c it accept a proton in acid-base reaction Lewis base in all reactions where it donates lone pair of electrons to form covalent bond
79
80 Acid-Base Reactions SECTION 3
81 Conjugate Acids and Bases Brønsted-Lowry definitions provide basis for studying proton-transfer reactions If Brønsted-Lowry acid gives up proton, remaining ion/ molecule can accept it This makes it a conjugate base Conjugate base à the species that remains after a Brønsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton
82 Ex. Fluoride ion is conjugate base of HF In this reaction, water molecule is Brønsted-Lowry base It accepts proton to form H 3 O+ (which is acid)
83 Conjugate acid à species that is formed when a Brønsted-Lowry base gains a proton
84 In general, Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reactions are equilibrium systems Both forward and reverse reactions occur They involve two acid-base pairs (conjugate acid-base pairs)
85 Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases Degree of reaction between Brønsted-Lowry acid and base depends on strengths of acids and bases Ex. HCL strong acid (gives up proton readily) Cl- has little tendency to attract and keep proton Cl- is very weak base
86 Important conclusion: the stronger an acid is, the weaker its conjugate base; the stronger a base is, the weaker its conjugate acid This allows strengths of different acids and bases to be compared to predict outcome of reaction
87 Ex. Perchloric acid (HClO4) and water Hydronium ion too weak an acid to compete with perchloric acid in donating proton (HClO4 stronger acid)
88 Perchlorate ion and H2O are both bases Because HClO4 is very strong acid, ClO4- is very weak base So H2O gets proton
89 H3O+ ion concentration lower than previous example b/c acetic acid is weak acid CH3COOH doesn t compete successfully with H3O+ ion in donating protons to base Acetate ion is stronger base than H2O So H2O molecule doesn t compete successfully with CH3COO- in accepting proton H3O+ is stronger acid CH3COO- is stronger base Reaction to left more favorable
90 Favored reactions always toward the weaker acid and base Second important conclusion: proton-transfer reactions favor the production of the weaker acid and the weaker base For reaction to reach completion, reactants must be stronger acids/bases than products
91
92 Amphoteric Compounds Water can be acid or base Amphoteric compound à any species that can react as either an acid or a base
93 Whether an acid or base depends on strength of acid/ base it is reacting with If water reacts with compound that is stronger acid than itself, then it will be a base If water reacts with a compound that is a weaker acid than itself, it will be an acid
94 -OH in a Molecule Molecular compounds with OH groups can be acidic or amphoteric This is the hydroxyl group For compound to be acidic a water molecule must be able to attract a hydrogen atom from a hydroxl group This happens more easily when O-H bond very polar Any feature of molecule that increases polarity of O-H bond increases acidity of molecular compound
95 More-electronegative atoms in upper right corner of periodic table form compounds with acidic hydroxyl groups All oxyacids are molecular electrolytes that contain 1 or more O-H bonds Ex. Chloric and perchloric acids
96 Notice all oxygen atoms bonded to chlorine atom Each hydrogen bonded to oxygen atom Aqueous solutions of these are acids b/c O-H bonds broken as hydrogen attracted by water molecules
97 Behavior of compound affected by number of O atoms bonded to atom connected to OH group Larger number of O atom, more acidic compound will be Electronegative O atoms draw electron density away from O-H bond and make it more polar
98 Notice as more oxygen added, it becomes more acidic
99 In acetic acid not ethanol second O bonded to C connected to OH group This is why acetic acid is acidic but ethanol isn t
100 Neutralization Reactions Ex. Sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid in baking powder When in solution, they react to make CO2 Escaping CO2 used to make breads rise Ex. Antacid (Eno) soothes overly acidic stomach
101 Strong Acid-Strong Base Neutralization Reaction between aqueous HCl and NaOH
102 Solution of 1 mol NaOH dissociates as follows: Solution of 1 mol NaCl dissociates as follows:
103 If two solutions are mixed, a reaction happens between aqueous ions NaCl and water are produced Overall ionic equation:
104 b/c they are on both sides of equation, Na + and Cl - are spectator ions Only participants in reaction are H3O + and OH - Net ionic equation:
105 There are equal numbers of H3O + and OH - ions in this reaction so they are completely converted to water Neutralization à the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules Salt is also produced Salt à ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid
106 Acid Rain Many industrial reactions make gases like NO, NO 2, CO 2, SO 2 and SO 3 These dissolve in atmospheric water to make acidic solutions that fall as rain or snow
107 Marble in many buildings and statues are made of calcium carbonate CaCO3 Acid rain: Products: salt, water, and CO2
108
Chapter 14. Objectives
Section 1 Properties of Acids and Bases Objectives List five general properties of aqueous acids and bases. Name common binary acids and oxyacids, given their chemical formulas. List five acids commonly
More informationAcids and Bases. Two important classification of compounds - Acids and Bases. Properties of BASES
ACIDS AND BASES Acids and Bases Two important classification of compounds - Acids and Bases Properties of ACIDS Taste Sour/Tart Stings and burns the skin Reacts with bases Turns blue litmus paper red Reacts
More informationAcids and Bases. Properties, Reactions, ph, and Titration
Acids and Bases Properties, Reactions, ph, and Titration C-19 2017 Properties of acids 1. Taste Sour (don t try this except with foods). 2. Are electrolytes (conduct electricity). Some are strong, some
More informationChapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases What is an acid? Some examples of common items containing acids: Vinegar contains acetic acid; lemons and citrus fruits contain citric acid; many
More informationChemistry I Notes Unit 10: Acids and Bases
Chemistry I Notes Unit 10: Acids and Bases Acids 1. Sour taste. 2. Acids change the color of acid- base indicators (turn blue litmus red). 3. Some acids react with active metals and release hydrogen gas,
More informationCHAPTER 19. Acids, Bases, and Salts Acid Base Theories
CHAPTER 19 Acids, Bases, and Salts 19.1 Acid Base Theories ACIDS tart or sour taste Electrolytes Strong acids are corrosive Acid Facts... indicators will change color Blue litmus paper turns pink react
More informationChapter 16 - Acids and Bases
Chapter 16 - Acids and Bases 16.1 Acids and Bases: The Brønsted Lowry Model 16.2 ph and the Autoionization of Water 16.3 Calculations Involving ph, K a and K b 16.4 Polyprotic Acids 16.1 Acids and Bases:
More informationO + (aq) In this reaction, the water molecule is a Brønsted-Lowry base. It accepts a proton from HF to form H 3
AcidBase Reactions Key Terms conjugate base conjugate acid amphoteric neutralization salt In the previous sections, you learned about three acidbase theories: Arrhenius, BrønstedLowry, and Lewis. The BrønstedLowry
More informationChapter 15 - Acids and Bases Fundamental Concepts
Chapter 15 - Acids and Bases Fundamental Concepts Acids and Bases: Basic Definitions Properties of Acids Sour Taste React with active metals (Al, Zn, Fe) to yield H 2 gas: Corrosive React with carbonates
More informationUnit 13 Acids and Bases E.Q. What are the differences between acids and bases?
Unit 13 Acids and Bases E.Q. What are the differences between acids and bases? What are Properties of Acids? They taste sour (don t try this in lab). They can conduct electricity. Can be strong or weak
More informationAcids and bases, as we use them in the lab, are usually aqueous solutions. Ex: when we talk about hydrochloric acid, it is actually hydrogen chloride
Acids and Bases Acids and bases, as we use them in the lab, are usually aqueous solutions. Ex: when we talk about hydrochloric acid, it is actually hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water HCl (aq) Concentrated
More informationAcids and Bases: Chapter 14 & 15
Acids and Bases: Chapter 14 & 15 HW: Read Ch 14: Fill in as much of the acid base table as you can, as you read Acid base conductivity and reactivity Conduc'vity Reac'vity Hydrochloric acid high high
More informationWhat are Acids and Bases? What are some common acids you know? What are some common bases you know? Where is it common to hear about ph balanced
What are Acids and Bases? What are some common acids you know? What are some common bases you know? Where is it common to hear about ph balanced materials? Historically, classified by their observable
More informationAqueous solutions of acids have a sour Aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter
Acid and Bases Exam Review Honors Chemistry 3 April 2012 Chapter 14- Acids and Bases Section 14.1- Acid and Base Properties List five general properties of aqueous acids and bases Properties of Acids Properties
More informationProperties of Acids and Bases
Chapter 15 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases Generally, an acid is a compound that releases hydrogen ions, H +, into water. Blue litmus is used to test for acids. Blue litmus
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapter 11
Acids and Bases Chapter 11 Acids and Bases in our Lives Acids and bases are important substance in health, industry, and the environment. One of the most common characteristics of acids is their sour taste.
More informationChapter 14 Acids and Bases
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases General Properties of Acids 1. An acid tastes sour - acidus = Latin, sour; acetum= Latin, vinegar 2. An acid turns indicator dye litmus from blue to red. 3. An acid reacts with
More informationAcids and Bases. Acids and Bases in our Lives. Chapter 11
Acids and Bases Chapter 11 Acids and Bases in our Lives Acids and bases are important substance in health, industry, and the environment. One of the most common characteristics of acids is their sour taste.
More informationAcids and Bases. Acids and Bases in. our Lives. Acids and Bases in our Lives. Acids and Bases in our Lives. Chapter 11
Acids and Bases Chapter 11 Acids and Bases in our Lives We produce lactic acid in our muscles when we exercise. Acid from bacteria turns milks sour in the products of yogurt and cottage cheese. We have
More informationProperties of Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases Key Terms binary acid Arrhenius acid strong acid oxyacid Arrhenius base weak acid How many foods can you think of that are sour? Chances are that almost all the foods you
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapters 20 and 21
Acids and Bases Chapters 20 and 21 Acid and Bases Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. React with
More informationChapter 7 Acids and Bases
Chapter 7 Acids and Bases 7.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases 7.2 Acid Strength 7.3 The ph Scale 7.4 Calculating the ph of Strong Acid Solutions 7.5 Calculating the ph of Weak Acid Solutions 7.6 Bases 7.7
More informationAcids Bases and Salts Acid
Acids Bases and Salts Acid ph less than 7.0 Sour taste Electrolyte Names of Acids Binary acids Contain only 2 elements Begin with hydro; end with ic Ternary acids Ex: H 2 S = hydrosulfuric Contain a polyatomic
More informationChapters 15 & 16 ACIDS & BASES ph & Titrations
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Chapters 15 & 16 ACIDS & BASES ph & Titrations There are 5 main properties of acids: 1. sour taste 2. change the color of acidbase indicators 3. react with metals to produce H2 gas
More informationUnit 10: Acids and Bases
Unit 10: Acids and Bases PROPERTIES OF ACIDS & BASES Properties of an Acid: a Tastes sour substance which dissociates (ionizes, breaks apart in solution) in water to form hydrogen ions Turns blue litmus
More informationAcid-base Chemistry. Unit 11.1: Into to acid base chemistry. Unit 11. Name:
Name: Acid-base Chemistry Unit 11 ( F i ve cla s s peri o ds) Unit 11.1: Into to acid base chemistry 1) Self-ionization of water a) Water molecules collide and the extremely electronegative oxygen can
More informationAcids and Bases Unit 13
Acids and Bases Unit 13 Chemistry of Acids and Bases 1. Watch video and complete worksheet Standard Deviants Teaching Systems: Chemistry: Module 05: Acids and Bases http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/asset
More informationChapter 16. Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 16. Acid-Base Equilibria 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids taste sour and cause certain dyes to change color. Bases taste bitter and feel soapy. Arrhenius concept of acids and bases: An
More informationChemistry SAT II Review Page 1
Chemistry SAT II Review Page 1 Acids and Bases Properties of acids and bases are caused by ions 1. Hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) cause acid properties 2. Hydroxide ions (OH ) cause base properties Water -
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapter 15. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Acids and Bases Chapter 15 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions I: Acids, Bases & Salts
10 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I: Acids, Bases & Salts CHAPTER GOALS 1. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases 2. The Arrhenius Theory 3. The Hydronium Ion (Hydrated Hydrogen Ion) 4. The
More informationAcids and Bases. Feb 28 4:40 PM
Acids and Bases H O s O Cl H O O H H N H Na O H H Feb 28 4:40 PM Properties of Acids 1. Taste sour 2. Conduct electrical current 3. Liberate H 2 gas when reacted with a metal. 4. Cause certain dyes to
More informationUNIT 14 - Acids & Bases
COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic sour milk, sore muscles acetic vinegar phosphoric soft drinks citric citrus fruits malic apples PROPERTIES OF ACIDS PROPERTIES OF BASES 1. Taste sour 1. Taste bitter 2. react
More informationWritten by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # Website: s:
SHORT QUESTION >> Question: What is Self Ionization of Water? Write the equation for self ionization of water? The reaction in which two water molecules produce ions is called as the self ionization or
More informationAcids and Bases. Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit
Acids and Bases Section 18.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases Section 18.2 Strengths of Acids and Bases Section 18.3 Hydrogen Ions and ph Section 18.4 Neutralization Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view
More informationUNIT #11: Acids and Bases ph and poh Neutralization Reactions Oxidation and Reduction
NAME: UNIT #11: Acids and Bases ph and poh Neutralization Reactions Oxidation and Reduction 1. SELF-IONIZATION OF WATER a) Water molecules collide, causing a very small number to ionize in a reversible
More informationChemistry: The Central Science. Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria. 16.1: Acids and Bases: A Brief Review
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria 16.1: Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids have a sour taste and cause certain dyes to change color Base have a bitter taste and feel slippery
More information7.6: Properties of Acids & Bases and Acid Nomenclature
7.6: Properties of Acids & Bases and Acid Nomenclature Remember: Have your 7.6 notesheet ready! You can pause the video anytime. You can rewind the video anytime. Write down questions/comments as you go
More informationACIDS, BASES & SALTS DR. RUCHIKA YADU
ACIDS, BASES & SALTS DR. RUCHIKA YADU Properties of Acids Acid is a compound which yields hydrogen ion (H+), when dissolved in water. Acid is sour to the taste and corrosive in nature. The ph value of
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change UNIT 18 Table Of Contents Section 18.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases Unit 18: Acids and Bases Section 18.2 Section 18.3 Section 18.4 Strengths of Acids and Bases Hydrogen
More informationChapter 9 Acid-base reactions
CHEM, 2nd edition Cengage Learning Chapter 9 Acid-base reactions Acids and bases are chemical compounds that occur regularly in 'everyday life'. These two types of substances have opposite properties.
More informationUnit 4 Toxins, Section IV, L17-22
Unit 4 Toxins, Section IV, L17-22 Lesson 17 Heartburn Lesson 18 Pass the Proton Lesson 19 phooey! Lesson 20 Watered Down Lesson 21 Neutral Territory Lesson 22 Drip Drop Acids and Bases What are the properties
More informationChapter Test B. Chapter: Acids and Bases
Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Acids and Bases PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. Which of the
More informationAcid-Base Theories. Section 2. Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases donate or accept protons. Main Idea
Section 2 Main Ideas rønstedlowry acids and bases donate or accept protons. A Lewis acid or base accepts or donates a pair of electrons. define acids and bases and distinguish between Arrhenius and ronstedlowry
More informationChapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chemistry 12 Ch 1 4 : Acids and Bases Page 1 Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Check MasteringChemistry Deadlines Acids and Bases: The sour taste of lemons and lime, the bite of sourdough bread, and the tang
More informationAcids, Bases & Salts ch Mar
Acids, Bases & Salts 1 March 2012 » Acidsand bases are electrolytes that producea specific type of ion in water solution.» Acids will produce hydrogen ions, also called protons, because hydrogen ions are
More informationChapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria
Page 1 of 20 Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids: taste sour and cause certain dyes to change color. Bases: taste bitter and feel soapy. Arrhenius concept o acids
More informationChapter Menu Chapter Menu
Chapter Menu Chapter Menu Section 18.1 Section 18.3 Section 18.4 Introduction to Acids and Bases Hydrogen Ions and ph Neutralization Section 18.1 Intro to Acids and Bases Objectives: Compare the Arrhenius,
More informationChap 16 Chemical Equilibrium HSU FUYIN
Chap 16 Chemical Equilibrium HSU FUYIN 1 Definitions: Arrhenius & Brønsted Lowry acid and base Arrhenius theory: An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of Acids and Bases 1 Acid and Bases 2 Acid and Bases 3 Acid and Bases 4 Acids 5 Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain
More informationDefinition of Acid. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl
Acids Definition of Acid Acids are substances that contain H + ions that ionize when dissolved in water. Arrhenius acid: a compound that increases the concentration of H + ions that are present when added
More informationSCHOOL YEAR CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A
SCHOOL YEAR 2017-18 NAME: CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A Choose the best answer from the options that follow each question. 1. A solute
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapter 11
Acids and Bases Chapter 11 Acids and Bases in our Lives Acids and bases are important substance in health, industry, and the environment. One of the most common characteristics of acids is their sour taste.
More information1 Chapter 19 Acids, Bases, and Salts
1 Chapter 19 Acids, Bases, and Salts ACID-BASE THEORIES Acids and bases are all around us and part of our everyday life (ex. bodily functions, vinegar, carbonated drinks, citrus fruits, car batteries,
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of Acids and Bases 1 Acid and Bases 4 Acid and Bases 2 Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain metals to produce
More informationINTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin
Lecture INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin Acids and Bases Properties of Acids An acid is any substance that releases hydrogen ions, H +, into water.
More informationName. Academic Chemistry. Acid Base. Notes. Unit #14 Test Date: cincochem.pbworks.com
Periodic Table Name Academic Chemistry Acids & Bases Notes Unit #14 Test Date: 20 cincochem.pbworks.com Acid Base cincochem.pbworks.com Notes Find ph To go from [H 3 O + ] to ph EXAMPLE: [H 3 O + ] = 3.23
More informationSection 32 Acids and Bases. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.
Section 32 Acids and Bases 1 Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Acid-Base Concepts Acids and bases are among the most familiar and important of all chemical compounds. You
More informationEquations. M = n/v. M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 if the moles are the same n 1 n 2 you can cancel out the n s. ph = -log [H + ] poh = -log [OH - ] ph + poh = 14
Equations M = n/v M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 if the moles are the same n 1 n 2 you can cancel out the n s. ph = -log [H + ] poh = -log [OH - ] ph + poh = 14 [H 3 O + ] = 10^-pH [OH - ] = 10^-pOH [H 3 O + ] [OH
More informationChapter 9: Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 9: Acids, Bases, and Salts 1 ARRHENIUS ACID An Arrhenius acid is any substance that provides hydrogen ions, H +, when dissolved in water. ARRHENIUS BASE An Arrhenius base is any substance that
More informationAcid / Base Properties of Salts
Acid / Base Properties of Salts n Soluble ionic salts produce may produce neutral, acidic, or basic solutions depending on the acidbase properties of the individual ions. n Consider the salt sodium nitrate,
More informationChapter Outline. Ch 8: Aqueous Solutions: Chemistry of the Hydrosphere. H 2 S + Cu 2+ CuS(s) + 2H + (Fe, Ni, Mn also) HS O 2 HSO 4
Ch 8: Aqueous Solutions: Chemistry of the Hydrosphere H 2 S + Cu 2+ CuS(s) + 2H + (Fe, Ni, Mn also) HS - + 2 O 2 HSO 4 - + energy (supports life) Figure taken from Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd Ed. By
More informationName%% %Period%% % Precipitation+Reaction+Practice+
Name%% %Period%% % Precipitation+Reaction+Practice+ 1.%Write%a%balanced%equation%for%the%following%precipitation%reactions,%circle%the%precipitate%that%is% formed:% a) K 3 PO 4 %+%3%Sr(NO 3 ) 2 %% % %
More informationChapter 6. Acids, Bases, and Acid-Base Reactions
Chapter 6 Acids, Bases, and Acid-Base Reactions Chapter Map Arrhenius Acid Definition Anacid is a substance that generates hydronium ions, H 3 O + (often described as H + ), when added to water. An acidic
More informationUNIT 14 - Acids & Bases
COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic acetic phosphoric citric malic PROPERTIES OF ACIDS 1. 1. PROPERTIES OF BASES 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. NAMING ACIDS NOTES Binary acids (H + one element) Practice: 1. hydro- - HF
More informationPart One: Acid-Base Concepts. 1. Sour taste. (Examples: vinegar = acetic acid; lemons - citric acid) yellow
CHAPTER 15: ACIDS AND BASES Part One: Acid-Base Concepts A. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids. 1. Sour taste. (Examples: vinegar = acetic acid; lemons - citric acid) 2. Change the colors of many
More informationDuncan. UNIT 14 - Acids & Bases. COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic acetic phosphoric NAMING ACIDS NOTES
COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic acetic phosphoric citric malic PROPERTIES OF ACIDS 1. 1. PROPERTIES OF BASES 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. NAMING ACIDS NOTES Binary acids (H + one element) 1. hydro- - HF 2. root of
More informationCh. 8 - Solutions, Acids & Bases. Solution = a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
Ch. 8 - Solutions, Acids & Bases Solution = a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances Solute substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution Solvent substance in which the solute dissolves in
More informationChapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning goals and key skills: Understand the nature of the hydrated proton, represented as either H + (aq) or H 3 O + (aq) Define and identify Arrhenuis acids and bases.
More informationDefinition of Acid. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl
Acids Definition of Acid Acids are substances that contain H + ions that ionize when dissolved in water. Arrhenius acid: a compound that increases the concentration of H + ions that are present when added
More informationFamilies of Chemical Compounds. Chapter 9
Families of Chemical Compounds Chapter 9 Groups of Compounds Compounds are grouped based on physical and chemical properties Types: Organic, Acids, Bases, and Salts Acids and Bases Examples of Acids Aspirin
More informationAcids and Bases. Acid. Acid Base 2016 OTHS. Acid Properties. A compound that produces H + ions when dissolved in water. Examples!
Acids and Bases Acid A compound that produces H + ions when dissolved in water. Examples! Vinegar Acetic acid Lemon Juice Citric acid Sour Candy Malic acid (and others) Milk Lactic acid HCl(aq) Acid Properties
More informationAcids and Bases. Acids and Bases in. our Lives. Acids and Bases in our Lives. Acids and Bases in our Lives. Chapter 11
Acids and Bases Chapter 11 Acids and Bases in our Lives We produce lactic acid in our muscles when we exercise. Acid from bacteria turns milks sour in the products of yogurt and cottage cheese. We have
More informationAcid and Bases. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties. Indicators. Corrosive when concentrated. Corrosive when concentrated.
Physical Properties Acid and Bases Chemistry 30 Acids Corrosive when concentrated Have a sour taste Bases Corrosive when concentrated Have a bitter taste Often have a sharp odour Chemical Properties Indicators
More informationAcids & Bases. Strong Acids. Weak Acids. Strong Bases. Acetic Acid. Arrhenius Definition: Classic Definition of Acids and Bases.
Arrhenius Definition: Classic Definition of Acids and Bases Acid: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concetration, [H ], (also thought of as hydronium ion, H O ) when dissolved in water. Acids
More informationChapter 16: Acid Base Equilibria Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning Standards & Objectives;
Chapter 16: Acid Base Equilibria Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning Standards & Objectives; Chapter 16 AP16-1,2-01 AP16-1,2-02 AP16-1,2-03 AP16-3,4-01 AP16-3,4-02 AP16-5-01 AP16-6,7-01 AP16-6,7-02
More information(Label the Conjugate Pairs) Water in the last example acted as a Bronsted-Lowry base, and here it is acting as an acid. or
Chapter 16 - Acid-Base Equilibria Arrhenius Definition produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Limits to aqueous solutions. Only one kind of base. NH
More informationreversible reaction: R P and P R Acid dissociation is a reversible reaction. H 2 SO 4 2 H SO 4
Unit : Equilibrium / Acids and Bases reversible reaction: R P and P R Acid dissociation is a reversible reaction. H 2 SO 4 2 H + + SO 4 Rate at which equilibrium: R P = Rate at which P R -- looks like
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ACIDS AND BASES
INTRODUCTION TO ACIDS AND BASES ALIGNED STANDARDS S.C. 912.P.8.11 Relate acidity and basicity to hydronium and hydroxide concentration and ph. S.C.912.N.1.2 Describe and explain what characterizes science
More informationAcids and Bases. April 10, Honors Acid and Bases Intro.notebook. Q: What does it mean for a reaction not to go to completion or equilibrium?
Acids and Bases Unit objectives Q: What makes a solution acidic or basic? Q: What about an acid/base makes it acidic/basic? Q: How does and acid/base produce H+/OH In other words: What are the ways in
More informationLesson Five: Acids, Bases, ph, and Buffers
Lesson Five: Acids, Bases, ph, and Buffers Arrhenius Acids and Bases Acids and bases can be defined a number of ways. One of the oldest and most common ways is the definition according to Arrhenius, named
More informationAcids and Bases. Unit 10
Acids and Bases Unit 10 1 Properties of Acids and Bases Acids Bases Taste Sour Turns Litmus Dye Red Reacts with Metals to give H 2 (g) Taste Bitter Turns Litmus Dye Blue Do Not React with Metals Reacts
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapter 15. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Acids and Bases Chapter 15 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain
More informationContents and Concepts
Chapter 16 1 Learning Objectives Acid Base Concepts Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Base a. Define acid and base according to the Arrhenius concept. Brønsted Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases a. Define acid
More informationAcids and Bases. Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan, DDS, PhD Lecture 2 Nursing First Semester 014. Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan 1
science.lotsoflessons.com Acids and Bases, DDS, PhD Dr.abuhassand@gmail.com Lecture 2 Nursing First Semester 014 1 Outline Definitions of acids and bases Acid and base strength The dissociation constant
More informationUnit Nine Notes N C U9
Unit Nine Notes N C U9 I. AcidBase Theories A. Arrhenius Acids and Bases 1. Acids contain hydronium ions (H O ) commonly referred to as hydrogen ions (H ) that dissociate in water a. Different acids release
More informationCHAPTER Acid & Base
CHAPTER 19 19.1 Acid & Base Common Reactions with Acids Dilute: small amount of solute 1-M Concentrated: large amount of solute Indicator: changes color to show the presence of acids or bases : eat or
More informationAcid/Base Theories The common characteristics of acids
Acid/Base Theories The common characteristics of acids describe them as: Acids aving a sour taste Being electrolytes (some weak) Reacting with metals to produce gas (usually 2 ) Reacting with bases to
More informationCHAPTER 14 THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS AND BASES
CHAPTER 14 THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS AND BASES "ACID"--Latin word acidus, meaning sour. (lemon) "ALKALI"--Arabic word for the ashes that come from burning certain plants; water solutions feel slippery and
More informationed. Brad Collins Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 5 Some images copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sunday, August 18, 13
ed. Brad Collins Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 5 Some images copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances at the molecular level The solute(s) is(are)
More informationSolutions, Acids, & Bases Unit 6 - IB Material
Solutions, Acids, & Bases Unit 6 - IB Material Essentials: Know, Understand, and Be Able To Distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, solution and concentration (g dm 3 and mol dm 3 ). Solve problems
More information4.5: Acids and Bases. SCH3U: Solutions and Solubility. Properties of Pure and Aqueous Substances. Arrhenius Theory. Acid:
4.5: Acids and Bases Properties of Pure and Aqueous Substances Arrhenius Theory Acid: Acids are sour tasting and corrosive. They react readily with active metals such as Zn, Ca, Mg and carbonate-based
More informationUnit 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts
STUDENT VERSION Unit 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts Unit Vocabulary: Arrhenius acid Arrhenius base Bronsted-Lowry acid Bronsted-Lowry base Electrolyte hydronium ion hydroxide ion indicator (acid/base) neutralization
More informationNeutral Solutions. Will not change the color of litmus. Colorless in phenolphthalein. - Electron pair donor [OH - ] = 10-7 M MEDIUM
Lecture Notes for Chapter 16: Acids and Bases I. Acids and Bases a. There are several ways to define acids and bases. Perhaps the easiest way to start is to list some of the properties of acids and bases.
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of Acids and Bases 1 Acid and Bases 2 Acid and Bases 3 Acid and Bases 4 Acids 5 Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain
More information8.1 Explaining the Properties of Acids & Bases. SCH4U - Chemistry, Gr. 12, University Prep
8.1 Explaining the Properties of Acids & Bases SCH4U - Chemistry, Gr. 12, University Prep Equilibrium & Acids & Bases 2 So far, we have looked at equilibrium of general chemical systems: We learned about
More informationResources:
I. A/B General A. Definitions 1. Arrhenius 2. B-L 3. Lewis *H+=H3O+ B. Properties 1. Acid 2. Base II. ACIDS A. Types 1. Binary 2. Ternary 3. Acid Anhydride B. Protic 1. mono 2. di 3. tri C. Strengths 1.
More informationbattery acid the most widely used industrial chemical Hydrochloric acid, HCl muriatic acid stomach acid Nitric acid, HNO 3
BRCC CHM 101 Chapter 9 Notes (Chapter 8 in older text versions) Page 1 of 9 Chapter 9: Acids and Bases Arrhenius Definitions more than 100 years old Acid a substance that produces H + in water (H + is
More informationAP Chemistry CHAPTER 16 STUDY GUIDE Acid-Base Equilibrium
AP Chemistry CHAPTER 16 STUDY GUIDE AcidBase Equilibrium 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids taste sour and cause certain dyes to change color. Bases taste bitter and feel soapy. Arrhenius concept
More information8.1 Theories of acids and bases
8. Acids and bases 8.1 Theories of acids and bases Sour-tasting substances (acids) have been known for thousands of years. Lavoisiers early theory: Acid= a compound of oxygen and a nonmetal. Arrhenius
More information