Optical Vibration Modes in (Cd, Pb, Zn)S Quantum Dots in the Langmuir Blodgett Matrix
|
|
- Lindsay Bradford
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics of the Solid State, Vol. 44, No. 0, 2002, pp Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 44, No. 0, 2002, pp Original Russian Text Copyright 2002 by Milekhin, Sveshnikova, Repinskiœ, Gutakovskiœ, Friedrich, Zahn. W-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SURFACE PHYSICS Optical Vibration Modes in (Cd, Pb, Zn)S Quantum Dots in the Langmuir Blodgett Matrix A. G. Milekhin*, L. L. Sveshnikova*, S. M. Repinskiœ*, A. K. Gutakovskiœ*, M. Friedrich**, and D. R. T. Zahn** * Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent eva 3, Novosibirsk, Russia ** Institute of Physics, Technical University, Chemnitz, D-0907 Germany Received June 26, 200 Abstract The structures with,, and quantum dots produced using the Langmuir Blodgett method are investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman scattering, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The quantum dot size estimated from the UV spectra and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) falls in the range 2 6 nm. The longitudinal optical () phonons localized in quantum dots and the surface optical vibration modes are revealed in the IR reflection and Raman scattering spectra of the structures under investigation. The frequencies of the surface optical modes are adequately described with allowance made for the effect of localizing optical phonons in the quantum dots MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.. INTRODUCTION In the last decade, low-dimensional semiconductor structures (quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots) have attracted growing interest due to their unusual optical and electronic properties as compared to bulk materials [, 2]. The optical properties of bulk crystals and thin films are well understood and explained. However, elucidation of the optical properties of low-dimensional structures calls for theoretical and experimental investigations. At present, quantum dots have been produced using a number of techniques, such as self-organization of quantum dots during molecular-beam epitaxy [3], preparation of quantum dots in solutions [4] and glasses [5], colloid chemistry [6], etc. This paper reports on the results of analyzing the vibrational spectra of,, and quantum dots formed in the Langmuir Blodgett matrix. 2. SAMPLE PREPARATION AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE The standard Langmuir Blodgett technique provides a means of preparing perfect films of Cd, Zn, and Pb behenates. The interaction of metal behenate films with gaseous hydrogen sulfide results in the formation of microcrystals or quantum dots of Cd, Zn, and Pb sulfides [7, 8]. In the present work, films of cadmium, zinc, and lead behenates were deposited onto aluminumcoated silicon substrates. The aluminum layer served as a mirror for measuring the reflection spectra. The thickness of the Langmuir Blodgett films used in the experiments was 400 monolayers (.2 µm). The as-prepared Langmuir Blodgett films were treated with hydrogen sulfide for 3 h under a pressure ranging from 50 to 00 Torr. As a result, the,, and quantum dots were formed in the behenic acid matrix according to the reaction Me(C 2 H 43 COO) 2 + H 2 S = MeS + 2C 2 H 43 COOH, () where Me = Cd, Zn, or Pb. The infrared (IR) reflection spectra of the studied structures were recorded on Bruker-IFS66 and IFS3v IR Fourier spectrometers with a glancing angle of incidence (θ 75 ) in p-polarized light. The IR spectrum of an aluminum mirror deposited onto a silicon substrate served as a reference spectrum. The resolution was 2 cm over the entire spectral range. The number of scans was equal to 500. The experiments on Raman scattering were carried out using a Dilor XY800 spectrometer in a backscattering geometry with the excitation by Ar + and Kr + lasers in the wavelength range nm ( ev) with a power of 40 mw. The resolution was equal to 2.9 cm over the entire spectral range. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra were recorded on a Specord M-40 UV spectrometer in the wavelength range nm with a spectral resolution of 0 cm. The experiments on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were performed using a JEM-400EX (JEOL) electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 400 kev. The point resolution was 0.65 nm. The experiment was described in detail earlier in [9] /02/ $ MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica
2 OPTICAL VIBRATION MODES IN (Cd, Pb, Zn)S QUANTUM DOTS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In order to estimate the quantum dot size, we measured the UV absorption spectra of the structures under investigation. The UV absorption spectra of the structures with,, and quantum dots are displayed in Fig.. These spectra exhibit specific features (indicated by arrows) at 390, 270, and 255 nm, respectively, due to the se sh band-to-band transitions in the quantum dots. The vertical lines correspond to the band gaps in bulk and. The band gap of is equal to 0.4 ev (not shown in Fig. ). Within a simple model based on the effective mass approximation, we can estimate the mean size of spherical quantum dots as a function of the energy of the se sh transitions [0]: 2η 2 π 2 E se sh = E g D m e m h 3.56e εd (2) Absorbance QD bulk QD bulk QD Wawelength, nm Here, D is the diameter of the quantum dot, E g is the band gap, ε is the permittivity, and m e and m h are the electron and hole effective masses in the bulk of the material forming the quantum dot, respectively. The calculated dependences are shown in Fig. 2. The hatched regions correspond to the se sh transition energies determined, to within the experimental error, from the UV absorption spectra. The mean size of,, and quantum dots, which was determined from the comparison of the experimental and calculated data, was equal to 2.8 ± 0.2, 3.2 ± 0., and 4.2 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. For comparison, the quantum dots were examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The HRTEM images of the studied samples are displayed in Fig. 3. The dark-field region corresponds to (Fig. 3a) and (Fig. 3b) quantum dots, and the bright-field region corresponds to the behenic acid matrix. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the quantum dots have a nearly spherical shape. The mean size of and quantum dots is equal to (3 ± ) and (4 ± 2) nm, respectively. Thus, the data obtained from analyzing the UV absorption spectra and HRTEM images are in good agreement. Analysis of the interplanar spacings demonstrated that the quantum dots exhibit a cubic structure, whereas the quantum dots have a wurtzite-type hexagonal structure. We failed to observe a diffraction pattern of quantum dots. This can be explained by a small (less than 0.%) volume fraction of crystal particles. Moreover, the small particle size leads to a considerable broadening of the diffraction peaks attributed to quantum dots, which, in turn, makes their visualization against the background of the diffraction pattern of the amorphous matrix of the Langmuir Blodgett film rather difficult. The vibrational spectrum of the structures prepared was examined using Raman and IR spectroscopy. Since Energy, ev Fig.. Experimental UV absorption spectra of the structures with,, and quantum dots. Vertical solid lines correspond the band gaps of the materials forming quantum dots. The band gap in is 0.4 ev (not shown in the figure). Vertical dashed arrows indicate the se sh transition energies in the quantum dots Diameter, nm Fig. 2. Calculated energy of the se sh transitions in,, and quantum dots as a function of the quantum dot diameter. The hatched regions correspond to the se sh transition energies determined from the UV absorption spectra. the selection rules are different for Raman and IR spectroscopy, these methods of analyzing the vibrational spectrum complement each other. Figure 4 depicts the Raman spectra of the structures with quantum dots in the frequency range of crystal lat-
3 978 MILEKHIN et al. (a) (b) 5 nm Raman intensity, arb. units SO 5 SO Raman shift, cm 5 nm Fig. 4. Experimental Raman scattering spectra of the studied structures with quantum dots in the frequency range of lattice vibrations of,, and materials forming the quantum dots. Vertical lines indicate the frequencies of the and phonons in the bulk materials. Fig. 3. HRTEM images of the studied samples. The darkfield region corresponds to (a) and (b) quantum dots. The bright-field region corresponds to the behenic acid matrix. tice vibrations of the materials forming the quantum dots. The vertical lines indicate the frequencies of the transverse optical () and longitudinal optical () phonons in the bulk crystals. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the frequency positions of the experimental Raman lines differ from the frequencies of the optical phonons of the materials forming the quantum dots. Two effects can be responsible for this behavior. These are the effect of localization of optical phonons and Raman scattering by surface optical phonons in quantum dots. The frequencies of the observed Raman lines of the studied structures with and quantum dots differ from the frequencies of the phonons in the bulk materials and amount to 207 and 297 cm, respectively. These values exceed the frequency of the phonon in (205 cm ) [] and are less than that of the phonon in (303 cm ) [2]. The difference between the experimental phonon frequencies in the structures with quantum dots and the frequencies in the bulk materials can be explained by the effect of localizing optical phonons in the quantum dots. Under the assumption that the low-dimensional quantum dots have a spherical shape, the wave vector of the localized optical phonons is determined by the expression q = πm/d. Here, m is the quantum number of the localized mode and d is the diameter of the quantum dot. The dispersion of ω(q) of the phonons in is negative. Hence, the frequency of the first localized mode ( ) is less than that of the bulk material. A decrease in the frequency of the mode as compared to the frequency of the phonon in single-crystal is observed experimentally (Fig. 4). In addition to the intense line, the Raman spectrum exhibits a low-frequency shoulder due to scattering by phonons and surface optical (SO ) phonons of the quantum dots. Figure 4 also illustrates the decomposition of the Raman spectrum into three components, which are represented by Lorentzian curves. For spherical quantum dots, the surface modes should satisfy the following relationship [3]: Here, ε (ω), ε m = 2.4, and l are the dielectric function of the material of the quantum dot, the dielectric constant of the Langmuir Blodgett, and the number of the surface mode, respectively. The calculated frequency of the SO mode with due regard for the effect of localizε ( ω) = --. l ε m (3)
4 OPTICAL VIBRATION MODES IN (Cd, Pb, Zn)S QUANTUM DOTS 979 ing optical phonons in quantum dots [4] is equal to 272 cm. This value is in good agreement with the frequency determined from the decomposition of the Raman spectrum (269 cm ). The dispersion of phonons in the crystal is a nonmonotonic function. The dispersion is positive in the range of wave vectors q = (0 0.6)π/a 0, where a 0 is the lattice parameter of [5]. This behavior of the dispersion leads to the experimentally observed increase in frequency of the mode as compared to the frequency of the phonon in bulk. The asymmetric shape of the Raman line in the spectra of the studied structures with quantum dots can be caused by the contribution of higher-order localized modes (m > ) to Raman scattering. Reflection, arb. units 00 SO SO SO Wavenumber, cm The Raman spectra of the structures with quantum dots contain a single line at a frequency of 320 cm, which differs significantly from the frequencies of the and phonons; hence, this line cannot be interpreted as a localized mode. Most likely, it is associated with the surface vibration modes. This assumption is confirmed by the fact that the calculated frequency of the SO mode (36 cm ) coincides with the experimental value. As in the case of quantum dots, the overestimated value of the calculated frequency of the SO mode can be a consequence of the effect of localizing optical phonons in the quantum dots. This effect was disregarded in our calculations, because data on the frequencies of the and phonons in quantum dots were not available. The Raman spectra of the structures with quantum dots do not exhibit lines associated with optical phonons. This confirms the inference made from electron microscopy that the quantum dots have small sizes. For small-sized quantum dots, the ratio of the surface atoms to the bulk atoms is relatively large. In the case when the number of surface atoms becomes comparable or even larger than that in the bulk of the quantum dots, the contribution of the surface layers to Raman scattering becomes significant. Moreover, no optical phonons were observed in the IR reflection spectra for all the studied structures. Figure 5 shows the IR reflection spectra in the frequency range of lattice eigenmodes for the materials forming quantum dots. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that the specific features associated with the surface optical modes are located in the range between the frequencies of the and phonons. The calculated frequencies of the SO modes are indicated by arrows in Fig. 5. These frequencies are in good agreement both with the reflectance minima found from the IR spectra and with the SO mode frequencies determined from the Raman spectra. The IR spectrum of the structure with quantum dots exhibits a reflectance minimum at a frequency of approximately 275 cm, which exceeds the frequency of any vibration of the crystal lattice. The former frequency is close to the sum of frequencies of the and phonons ( cm ) in Fig. 5. Experimental IR reflection spectra of the studied structures with quantum dots. Vertical lines and arrows indicate the frequencies of the and phonons in the bulk materials and the SO modes in the quantum dots, respectively. the crystal. Therefore, this feature can be associated with two-phonon processes. 4. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we performed a systematic investigation into the optical properties of the structures with,, and quantum dots produced using the Langmuir Blodgett method. Analysis of the IR and Raman spectra revealed lines attributed to both the optical phonons localized in the quantum dots and surface optical phonons. It was shown that the surface optical phonons are adequately described within the model of electromagnetic surface modes in spherical microcrystals. The experiments on high-resolution electron microscopy demonstrated that the quantum dots have a nearly spherical shape; therefore, the model used is quite adequate. The quantum dot size was determined from the experimental data on electron microscopy and UV spectroscopy in combination with the appropriate calculations. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no REFERENCES. G. Bastard, Wave Mechanics Applied to Semiconductor Heterostructures (Halsted Press, New York, 988). 2. Science and Engineering of One- and Zero-Dimensional Semiconductors, Ed. by S. P. Beaumont and C. M. Sotomayor Torres (Plenum, New York, 990), NA ASI Ser., Ser. B: Phys., Vol. 24.
5 980 MILEKHIN et al. 3. D. Leonard, M. K. Krishnamurthy, C. M. Reeves, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3203 (993). 4. J. Xu, H. Mao, and Y. Du, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 5, 465 (997). 5. G. Scamarcio, M. Lugara, and D. Manno, Phys. Rev. B 45, 3792 (992). 6. P. V. Kamat and D. Meisel, Semiconductors Nanoclusters (Elsevier, New York, 996), Vol S. M. Repinskiœ, L. L. Sveshnikova, and Yu. I. Khapov, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 72, 829 (998). 8. S. M. Repinskiœ, L. L. Sveshnikova, Yu. I. Khapov, et al., Zh. Fiz. Khim. 73, 99 (999). 9. A. K. Gutakovskiœ, L. D. Pokrovskiœ, S. M. Repinskiœ, and L. L. Sveshnikova, Zh. Strukt. Khim. 40, 589 (999). 0. L. E. Brus, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 4403 (984).. Landolt Börnstein: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 982). 2. O. Zelaya-Angel, F. de L. Castillo-Alvarado, J. Avendano-Lopez, et al., Solid State Commun. 04, 6 (997). 3. P. A. Knipp and T. L. Reinecke, Phys. Rev. B 46, 030 (992). 4. A. Milekhin, M. Friedrich, D. R. T. Zahn, et al., Appl. Phys. A 69, 97 (999). 5. T. D. Krauss, F. W. Wise, and D. B. Tanner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 376 (996). Translated by N. Korovin
Vibrational spectroscopy of InAs and AlAs quantum dot structures
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Physica E 21 (2004) 241 246 www.elsevier.com/locate/physe Vibrational spectroscopy of InAs and AlAs quantum dot structures A.G. Milekhin a;, A.I. Toropov a, A.K.
More informationRaman spectroscopy of self-assembled InAs quantum dots in wide-bandgap matrices of AlAs and aluminium oxide
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 737 2003 Materials Research Society E13.8.1 Raman spectroscopy of self-assembled InAs quantum dots in wide-bandgap matrices of AlAs and aluminium oxide D. A. Tenne, A. G.
More informationCHAPTER 3. OPTICAL STUDIES ON SnS NANOPARTICLES
42 CHAPTER 3 OPTICAL STUDIES ON SnS NANOPARTICLES 3.1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, considerable interest has been shown on semiconducting nanostructures owing to their enhanced optical and electrical
More informationLaser-synthesized oxide-passivated bright Si quantum dots for bioimaging
Supplementary Information to Laser-synthesized oxide-passivated bright Si quantum dots for bioimaging M. B. Gongalsky 1, L.A. Osminkina 1,2, A. Pereira 3, A. A. Manankov 1, A. A. Fedorenko 1, A. N. Vasiliev
More informationInfrared Reflectivity Spectroscopy of Optical Phonons in Short-period AlGaN/GaN Superlattices
Infrared Reflectivity Spectroscopy of Optical Phonons in Short-period AlGaN/GaN Superlattices J. B. Herzog, A. M. Mintairov, K. Sun, Y. Cao, D. Jena, J. L. Merz. University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Electrical
More informationSupplementary documents
Supplementary documents Low Threshold Amplified Spontaneous mission from Tin Oxide Quantum Dots: A Instantiation of Dipole Transition Silence Semiconductors Shu Sheng Pan,, Siu Fung Yu, Wen Fei Zhang,
More informationSurface and Interface Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots by Raman Spectroscopy
Surface and Interface Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots by Raman Spectroscopy Austin 30. Juni 2015 Dietrich R.T. Zahn www.tu chemnitz.de/physik/hlph Contents Ternary QDs in Glass Matrix Colloidal
More informationImaging Methods: Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM / AFM)
Imaging Methods: Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM / AFM) The atomic force microscope (AFM) probes the surface of a sample with a sharp tip, a couple of microns long and often less than 100 Å in diameter.
More informationLecture 10: Surface Plasmon Excitation. 5 nm
Excitation Lecture 10: Surface Plasmon Excitation 5 nm Summary The dispersion relation for surface plasmons Useful for describing plasmon excitation & propagation This lecture: p sp Coupling light to surface
More informationWidely Tunable and Intense Mid-Infrared PL Emission from Epitaxial Pb(Sr)Te Quantum Dots in a CdTe Matrix
Widely Tunable and Intense Mid-Infrared PL Emission from Epitaxial Pb(Sr)Te Quantum Dots in a Matrix S. Kriechbaumer 1, T. Schwarzl 1, H. Groiss 1, W. Heiss 1, F. Schäffler 1,T. Wojtowicz 2, K. Koike 3,
More informationFIR Absorption in CdSe Quantum Dot Ensembles
phys. stat. sol. (b) 224, No. 2, 599 604 (2001) FIR Absorption in CdSe Quantum Dot Ensembles M.I. Vasilevskiy 1 ) (a), A.G. Rolo (a), M.V. Artemyev (b), S.A. Filonovich (a, c), M.J.M. Gomes (a), and Yu.P.
More informationSupporting Information s for
Supporting Information s for # Self-assembling of DNA-templated Au Nanoparticles into Nanowires and their enhanced SERS and Catalytic Applications Subrata Kundu* and M. Jayachandran Electrochemical Materials
More informationOptical Spectroscopies of Thin Films and Interfaces. Dietrich R. T. Zahn Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
Optical Spectroscopies of Thin Films and Interfaces Dietrich R. T. Zahn Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany 1. Introduction 2. Vibrational Spectroscopies (Raman and Infrared)
More informationTransition from Molecular Vibrations to Phonons in Atomically Precise Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots
Supporting Information for Transition from Molecular Vibrations to Phonons in Atomically Precise Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots Alexander N. Beecher, Rachel A. Dziatko, Michael L. Steigerwald, Jonathan
More informationSupporting Information
Copyright WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2018. Supporting Information for Small, DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801523 Ultrasensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection Based
More informationFluorescent silver nanoparticles via exploding wire technique
PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 65, No. 5 journal of November 2005 physics pp. 815 819 Fluorescent silver nanoparticles via exploding wire technique ALQUDAMI ABDULLAH and S ANNAPOORNI Department
More informationGe/Si Photodiodes with Embedded Arrays of Ge Quantum Dots for the Near Infrared ( mm) Region
Semiconductors, Vol. 37, No., 2003, pp. 345 349. Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 37, No., 2003, pp. 383 388. Original Russian Text Copyright 2003 by Yakimov, Dvurechenskiœ, Nikiforov,
More informationHYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING STUDIES OF PLATINUM NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS
www.arpapress.com/volumes/vol19issue1/ijrras_19_1_06.pdf HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING STUDIES OF PLATINUM NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS M. Eslamifar Physics Department, BehbahanKhatamAl-Anbia
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 XRD patterns and TEM image of the SrNbO 3 film grown on LaAlO 3(001) substrate. The film was deposited under oxygen partial pressure of 5 10-6 Torr. (a) θ-2θ scan, where * indicates
More informationWhat is spectroscopy?
Absorption Spectrum What is spectroscopy? Studying the properties of matter through its interaction with different frequency components of the electromagnetic spectrum. With light, you aren t looking directly
More informationJ. Price, 1,2 Y. Q. An, 1 M. C. Downer 1 1 The university of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, Austin, TX
Understanding process-dependent oxygen vacancies in thin HfO 2 /SiO 2 stacked-films on Si (100) via competing electron-hole injection dynamic contributions to second harmonic generation. J. Price, 1,2
More informationStructural and Optical Properties of ZnSe under Pressure
www.stmjournals.com Structural and Optical Properties of ZnSe under Pressure A. Asad, A. Afaq* Center of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab Lahore-54590, Pakistan Abstract The
More informationDefense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice
UNCLASSIFIED Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADP013123 TITLE: The Effect of Deuterium on the Optical Properties of Free Standing Porous Silicon Layers DISTRIBUTION: Approved
More informationRaman spectroscopy study of rotated double-layer graphene: misorientation angle dependence of electronic structure
Supplementary Material for Raman spectroscopy study of rotated double-layer graphene: misorientation angle dependence of electronic structure Kwanpyo Kim 1,2,3, Sinisa Coh 1,3, Liang Z. Tan 1,3, William
More informationSupplementary Materials
Supplementary Materials Sample characterization The presence of Si-QDs is established by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), by which the average QD diameter of d QD 2.2 ± 0.5 nm has been determined
More informationLecture 20 Optical Characterization 2
Lecture 20 Optical Characterization 2 Schroder: Chapters 2, 7, 10 1/68 Announcements Homework 5/6: Is online now. Due Wednesday May 30th at 10:00am. I will return it the following Wednesday (6 th June).
More informationSpatial Coherence Properties of Organic Molecules Coupled to Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances in the Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes
Spatial Coherence Properties of Organic Molecules Coupled to Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances in the Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes Supplemental Material L. Shi, T. K. Hakala, H. T. Rekola, J. -P.
More informationOptical Properties of Thin Semiconductor Films
Optical Properties of Thin Semiconductor Films Grolik Benno,KoppJoachim October, 31st 2003 1 Introduction Optical experiments provide a good way of examining the properties of semiconductors. Particulary
More informationVibrational Spectroscopies. C-874 University of Delaware
Vibrational Spectroscopies C-874 University of Delaware Vibrational Spectroscopies..everything that living things do can be understood in terms of the jigglings and wigglings of atoms.. R. P. Feymann Vibrational
More informationA highly reactive chalcogenide precursor for the synthesis of metal chalcogenide quantum dots
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic supplementary information A highly reactive chalcogenide precursor for the synthesis
More informationHighly efficient SERS test strips
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) for Highly efficient SERS test strips 5 Ran Zhang, a Bin-Bin Xu, a Xue-Qing Liu, a Yong-Lai Zhang, a Ying Xu, a Qi-Dai Chen, * a and Hong-Bo Sun* a,b 5 10 Experimental
More informationSurface-enhanced raman scattering from a layer of gold nanoparticles
VNU Journal of Science, Mathematics - Physics 26 (2010) 187-192 Surface-enhanced raman scattering from a layer of gold nanoparticles Nguyen The Binh *, Nguyen Thanh Dinh, Nguyen Quang Dong, Vu Thi Khanh
More informationPECULIARITIES OF THE SERS SPECTRA OF THE HYDROQUINONE MOLECULE ADSORBED ON TITANIUM DIOXID
PECULIARITIES OF THE SERS SPECTRA OF THE HYDROQUINONE MOLECULE ADSORBED ON TITANIUM DIOXID A.M. Polubotko *, V.P. Chelibanov** *A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Politechnicheskaya
More informationSurface Plasmon Polariton Assisted Metal-Dielectric Multilayers as Passband Filters for Ultraviolet Range
Vol. 112 (2007) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A No. 5 Proceedings of the International School and Conference on Optics and Optical Materials, ISCOM07, Belgrade, Serbia, September 3 7, 2007 Surface Plasmon Polariton
More informationwhat happens if we make materials smaller?
what happens if we make materials smaller? IAP VI/10 ummer chool 2007 Couvin Prof. ns outline Introduction making materials smaller? ynthesis how do you make nanomaterials? Properties why would you make
More informationInfluence of excitation frequency on Raman modes of In 1-x Ga x N thin films
Influence of excitation frequency on Raman modes of In 1-x Ga x N thin films A. Dixit 1,, J. S. Thakur 2, V. M. Naik 3, R. Naik 2 1 Center of Excellence in Energy & ICT, Indian Institute of Technology
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
In the format provided by the authors and unedited. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.017.65 Imaging exciton-polariton transport in MoSe waveguides F. Hu 1,, Y. Luan 1,, M. E. Scott 3, J.
More informationvapour deposition. Raman peaks of the monolayer sample grown by chemical vapour
Supplementary Figure 1 Raman spectrum of monolayer MoS 2 grown by chemical vapour deposition. Raman peaks of the monolayer sample grown by chemical vapour deposition (S-CVD) are peak which is at 385 cm
More informationII.2 Photonic Crystals of Core-Shell Colloidal Particles
II.2 Photonic Crystals of Core-Shell Colloidal Particles We report on the fabrication and optical transmission studies of thin three-dimensional photonic crystals of high-dielectric ZnS-core and low-dielectric
More informationThis manuscript was submitted first in a reputed journal on Apri1 16 th Stanene: Atomically Thick Free-standing Layer of 2D Hexagonal Tin
This manuscript was submitted first in a reputed journal on Apri1 16 th 2015 Stanene: Atomically Thick Free-standing Layer of 2D Hexagonal Tin Sumit Saxena 1, Raghvendra Pratap Choudhary, and Shobha Shukla
More informationOptical Spectroscopies of Thin Films and Interfaces. Dietrich R. T. Zahn Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
Optical Spectroscopies of Thin Films and Interfaces Dietrich R. T. Zahn Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany 1. Introduction 2. Vibrational Spectroscopies (Raman) 3. Spectroscopic
More informationReview of Optical Properties of Materials
Review of Optical Properties of Materials Review of optics Absorption in semiconductors: qualitative discussion Derivation of Optical Absorption Coefficient in Direct Semiconductors Photons When dealing
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information Polymer-Single-Crystal@Nanoparticle Nanosandwich for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Bin Dong, Wenda Wang, David L. Miller, Christopher Y. Li* Department of Material Science
More informationCrystalline Surfaces for Laser Metrology
Crystalline Surfaces for Laser Metrology A.V. Latyshev, Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Abstract: The number of methodological recommendations has been pronounced to describe
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature11231 Materials and Methods: Sample fabrication: Highly oriented VO 2 thin films on Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrates were deposited by reactive sputtering from a vanadium target through reactive
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Coupling of Plasmonic Nanopore Pairs: Facing Dipoles Attract Each Other Takumi Sannomiya 1, Hikaru Saito 2, Juliane Junesch 3, Naoki Yamamoto 1. 1 Department of Innovative and
More informationUpper-barrier excitons: first magnetooptical study
Upper-barrier excitons: first magnetooptical study M. R. Vladimirova, A. V. Kavokin 2, S. I. Kokhanovskii, M. E. Sasin, R. P. Seisyan and V. M. Ustinov 3 Laboratory of Microelectronics 2 Sector of Quantum
More informationNatallia Strekal. Plasmonic films of noble metals for nanophotonics
Natallia Strekal Plasmonic films of noble metals for nanophotonics The aim of our investigation is the mechanisms of light interactions with nanostructure and High Tech application in the field of nanophotonics
More informationStimulated Emission Devices: LASERS
Stimulated Emission Devices: LASERS 1. Stimulated Emission and Photon Amplification E 2 E 2 E 2 hυ hυ hυ In hυ Out hυ E 1 E 1 E 1 (a) Absorption (b) Spontaneous emission (c) Stimulated emission The Principle
More informationSkoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods
Skoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation (EM) Wave Properties of EM Quantum Mechanical Properties of EM Quantitative Aspects of Spectrochemical
More informationSpectroscopy at nanometer scale
Spectroscopy at nanometer scale 1. Physics of the spectroscopies 2. Spectroscopies for the bulk materials 3. Experimental setups for the spectroscopies 4. Physics and Chemistry of nanomaterials Various
More informationLecture 10 Light-Matter Interaction Part 4 Surface Polaritons 2. EECS Winter 2006 Nanophotonics and Nano-scale Fabrication P.C.
Lecture 10 Light-Matter Interaction Part 4 Surface Polaritons 2 EECS 598-002 Winter 2006 Nanophotonics and Nano-scale Fabrication P.C.Ku Schedule for the rest of the semester Introduction to light-matter
More informationANTIMONY ENHANCED HOMOGENEOUS NITROGEN INCORPORATION INTO GaInNAs FILMS GROWN BY ATOMIC HYDROGEN-ASSISTED MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY
ANTIMONY ENHANCED HOMOGENEOUS NITROGEN INCORPORATION INTO GaInNAs FILMS GROWN BY ATOMIC HYDROGEN-ASSISTED MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY Naoya Miyashita 1, Nazmul Ahsan 1, and Yoshitaka Okada 1,2 1. Research Center
More informationTemperature ( o C)
Viscosity (Pa sec) Supplementary Information 10 8 10 6 10 4 10 2 150 200 250 300 Temperature ( o C) Supplementary Figure 1 Viscosity of fibre components (PC cladding blue; As 2 Se 5 red; CPE black) as
More informationInstantaneous reduction of graphene oxide at room temperature
Instantaneous reduction of graphene oxide at room temperature Barun Kuma Burman, Pitamber Mahanandia and Karuna Kar Nanda Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
More informationSupporting Information: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Stamp Coated with a. Low-Surface-Energy, Diffusion-Blocking,
Supporting Information: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Stamp Coated with a Low-Surface-Energy, Diffusion-Blocking, Covalently Bonded Perfluoropolyether Layer and Its Application to the Fabrication of Organic Electronic
More informationRaman spectroscopy at the edges of multilayer graphene
Raman spectroscopy at the edges of multilayer graphene Q. -Q. Li, X. Zhang, W. -P. Han, Y. Lu, W. Shi, J. -B. Wu, P. -H. Tan* State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors,
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Single Layer Lead Iodide: Computational Exploration of Structural, Electronic
More informationDemonstration of Near-Infrared Negative-Index Materials
Demonstration of Near-Infrared Negative-Index Materials Shuang Zhang 1, Wenjun Fan 1, N. C. Panoiu 2, K. J. Malloy 1, R. M. Osgood 2 and S. R. J. Brueck 2 1. Center for High Technology Materials and Department
More informationGraphene. Tianyu Ye November 30th, 2011
Graphene Tianyu Ye November 30th, 2011 Outline What is graphene? How to make graphene? (Exfoliation, Epitaxial, CVD) Is it graphene? (Identification methods) Transport properties; Other properties; Applications;
More informationEnhancing the Rate of Spontaneous Emission in Active Core-Shell Nanowire Resonators
Chapter 6 Enhancing the Rate of Spontaneous Emission in Active Core-Shell Nanowire Resonators 6.1 Introduction Researchers have devoted considerable effort to enhancing light emission from semiconductors
More informationOptical Characterization of Self-Assembled Si/SiGe Nano-Structures
Optical Characterization of Self-Assembled Si/SiGe Nano-Structures T. Fromherz, W. Mac, G. Bauer Institut für Festkörper- u. Halbleiterphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-
More informationAbstract... I. Acknowledgements... III. Table of Content... V. List of Tables... VIII. List of Figures... IX
Abstract... I Acknowledgements... III Table of Content... V List of Tables... VIII List of Figures... IX Chapter One IR-VUV Photoionization Spectroscopy 1.1 Introduction... 1 1.2 Vacuum-Ultraviolet-Ionization
More informationSupporting Information: Probing Interlayer Interactions in Transition Metal. Dichalcogenide Heterostructures by Optical Spectroscopy: MoS 2 /WS 2 and
Supporting Information: Probing Interlayer Interactions in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures by Optical Spectroscopy: MoS 2 /WS 2 and MoSe 2 /WSe 2 Albert F. Rigosi, Heather M. Hill, Yilei
More informationOptical Properties of Copper Phthalocyanine(CuPc)Thin Films
Egypt. J. Sol., Vol. (24), No. (1), (2001) 11 Optical Properties of Copper Phthalocyanine(CuPc)Thin Films M. M. El-Nahass, F.S. Bahabri* ands.r.al-harbi* Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo,
More informationOrdering of Nanostructures in a Si/Ge 0.3 Si 0.7 /Ge System during Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Semiconductors, Vol. 36, No. 11, 22, pp. 1294 1298. Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 36, No. 11, 22, pp. 1379 1383. Original Russian Text Copyright 22 by Cirlin, Egorov, Sokolov,
More informationRaman Imaging and Electronic Properties of Graphene
Raman Imaging and Electronic Properties of Graphene F. Molitor, D. Graf, C. Stampfer, T. Ihn, and K. Ensslin Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland ensslin@phys.ethz.ch
More informationSupporting Information. Metallic Adhesion Layer Induced Plasmon Damping and Molecular Linker as a Non-Damping Alternative
Supporting Information Metallic Adhesion Layer Induced Plasmon Damping and Molecular Linker as a Non-Damping Alternative Terefe G. Habteyes, Scott Dhuey, Erin Wood, Daniel Gargas, Stefano Cabrini, P. James
More information(a) (b) Supplementary Figure 1. (a) (b) (a) Supplementary Figure 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
(a) (b) Supplementary Figure 1. (a) An AFM image of the device after the formation of the contact electrodes and the top gate dielectric Al 2 O 3. (b) A line scan performed along the white dashed line
More informationInstrumentelle Analytik in den Geowissenschaften (PI)
280061 VU MA-ERD-2 Instrumentelle Analytik in den Geowissenschaften (PI) Handoutmaterial zum Vorlesungsteil Spektroskopie Bei Fragen bitte zu kontaktieren: Prof. Lutz Nasdala, Institut für Mineralogie
More informationHighly Efficient and Anomalous Charge Transfer in van der Waals Trilayer Semiconductors
Highly Efficient and Anomalous Charge Transfer in van der Waals Trilayer Semiconductors Frank Ceballos 1, Ming-Gang Ju 2 Samuel D. Lane 1, Xiao Cheng Zeng 2 & Hui Zhao 1 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy,
More informationCharacterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species
17.7.5 Characterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species Infrared spectroscopy (IR) See Ch.10. Infrared vibrational spectra originate in transitions between discrete vibrational energy levels of
More informationThe effects of probe boundary conditions and propagation on nano- Raman spectroscopy
The effects of probe boundary conditions and propagation on nano- Raman spectroscopy H. D. Hallen,* E. J. Ayars** and C. L. Jahncke*** * Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
More informationLast Lecture. Overview and Introduction. 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. 2. Lasers. 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics
Last Lecture Overview and Introduction 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. Lasers 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics 4. Time-resolved spectroscopy techniques Jigang Wang, Feb, 009 Today 1. Spectroscopy
More informationOptical Characterization of CdTe Films for Solar Cell Applications
Karachi University Journal of Science, 2011, 39, 1-5 1 Optical Characterization of CdTe Films for Solar Cell Applications Saeed Salem Babkair *, Najat Mohammad Al-Twarqi and Azhar Ahmad Ansari Department
More information1. Transition dipole moment
1. Transition dipole moment You have measured absorption spectra of aqueous (n=1.33) solutions of two different chromophores (A and B). The concentrations of the solutions were the same. The absorption
More informationCanalization of Sub-wavelength Images by Electromagnetic Crystals
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 2005, Hangzhou, China, August 22-26 37 Canalization of Sub-wavelength Images by Electromagnetic Crystals P. A. Belov 1 and C. R. Simovski 2 1 Queen Mary
More informationPhotonic crystals of core shell colloidal particles
Letter to Appl. Phys. Letters June 8, 2001 Photonic crystals of core shell colloidal particles Krassimir P. Velikov, a, ) Alexander Moroz, a) and Alfons van Blaaderen a,b, ) a Physics and Chemistry of
More informationPhotothermal Spectroscopy Lecture 2 - Applications
Photothermal Spectroscopy Lecture 2 - Applications Aristides Marcano Olaizola (PhD) Research Professor Department of Physics and Engineering Delaware State University, US 1 Outlook 1. Optical characterization
More informationFull-color Subwavelength Printing with Gapplasmonic
Supporting information for Full-color Subwavelength Printing with Gapplasmonic Optical Antennas Masashi Miyata, Hideaki Hatada, and Junichi Takahara *,, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,
More informationCombined Excitation Emission Spectroscopy of Europium ions in GaN and AlGaN films
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 866 2005 Materials Research Society V3.6.1 Combined Excitation Emission Spectroscopy of Europium ions in GaN and AlGaN films V.Dierolf 1, Z. Fleischman 1, and C, Sandmann
More informationSupplementary Figure 2 Photoluminescence in 1L- (black line) and 7L-MoS 2 (red line) of the Figure 1B with illuminated wavelength of 543 nm.
PL (normalized) Intensity (arb. u.) 1 1 8 7L-MoS 1L-MoS 6 4 37 38 39 4 41 4 Raman shift (cm -1 ) Supplementary Figure 1 Raman spectra of the Figure 1B at the 1L-MoS area (black line) and 7L-MoS area (red
More informationSupplementary Information for Atomically Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation. in a 2D Crystal
Supplementary Information for Atomically Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation in a 2D Crystal Mervin Zhao 1, 2, Ziliang Ye 1, 2, Ryuji Suzuki 3, 4, Yu Ye 1, 2, Hanyu Zhu 1, Jun Xiao 1, Yuan Wang 1,
More informationSpectroscopic Study of FTO/CdSe (MPA)/ZnO Artificial Atoms Emitting White Color
Spectroscopic Study of FTO/CdSe (MPA)/ZnO Artificial Atoms Emitting White Color Batal MA *, and Alyamani K Department of Physics, College of Science, Aleppo, Syria * Corresponding author: Batal MA, Department
More informationa b c Supplementary Figure S1
a b c Supplementary Figure S1 AFM measurements of MoS 2 nanosheets prepared from the electrochemical Liintercalation and exfoliation. (a) AFM measurement of a typical MoS 2 nanosheet, deposited on Si/SiO
More informationNanoscale optical circuits: controlling light using localized surface plasmon resonances
Nanoscale optical circuits: controlling light using localized surface plasmon resonances T. J. Davis, D. E. Gómez and K. C. Vernon CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Localized surface plasmon (LSP)
More informationSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
CHEM53200: Lecture 10 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Major reference: Surface Analysis Edited by J. C. Vickerman (1997). 1 Primary particles may be: Secondary particles can be e s, neutral species
More informationThe Electromagnetic Properties of Materials
The Electromagnetic Properties of Materials Electrical conduction Metals Semiconductors Insulators (dielectrics) Superconductors Magnetic materials Ferromagnetic materials Others Photonic Materials (optical)
More informationExciton Magnon Interactions in Ni c Mg 1 c O Single Crystals
Physics of the Solid State, Vol. 44, No. 8, 02, pp. 1463 1467. Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 44, No. 8, 02, pp. 13 16. Original Russian Text Copyright 02 by Mironova-Ulmane, Skvortsova, Kuzmin,
More informationExperiment AM3b: Raman scattering in transparent solids and liquids
Physics 6180: Graduate Physics Laboratory Experiment AM3b: Raman scattering in transparent solids and liquids Objectives: To learn the essentials of inelastic light scattering, particularly Raman scattering
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 30. Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic Effects Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Femto second
More information(002)(110) (004)(220) (222) (112) (211) (202) (200) * * 2θ (degree)
Supplementary Figures. (002)(110) Tetragonal I4/mcm Intensity (a.u) (004)(220) 10 (112) (211) (202) 20 Supplementary Figure 1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the sample. The XRD characterization indicates
More informationSupplementary Information. for. Controlled Scalable Synthesis of Uniform, High-Quality Monolayer and Fewlayer
Supplementary Information for Controlled Scalable Synthesis of Uniform, High-Quality Monolayer and Fewlayer MoS 2 Films Yifei Yu 1, Chun Li 1, Yi Liu 3, Liqin Su 4, Yong Zhang 4, Linyou Cao 1,2 * 1 Department
More informationBecause light behaves like a wave, we can describe it in one of two ways by its wavelength or by its frequency.
Light We can use different terms to describe light: Color Wavelength Frequency Light is composed of electromagnetic waves that travel through some medium. The properties of the medium determine how light
More informationGRAPHENE ON THE Si-FACE OF SILICON CARBIDE USER MANUAL
GRAPHENE ON THE Si-FACE OF SILICON CARBIDE USER MANUAL 1. INTRODUCTION Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a wide band gap semiconductor that exists in different polytypes. The substrate used for the fabrication
More informationSimple strategy for enhancing terahertz emission from coherent longitudinal optical phonons using undoped GaAs/n-type GaAs epitaxial layer structures
Presented at ISCS21 June 4, 21 Session # FrP3 Simple strategy for enhancing terahertz emission from coherent longitudinal optical phonons using undoped GaAs/n-type GaAs epitaxial layer structures Hideo
More informationCHEM 681 Seminar Mingqi Zhao April 20, 1998 Room 2104, 4:00 p.m. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy: theories and applications
CHEM 681 Seminar Mingqi Zhao April 20, 1998 Room 2104, 4:00 p.m. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy: theories and applications In materials science, people are always interested in viewing
More informationToward Clean Suspended CVD Graphene
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplemental information for Toward Clean Suspended CVD Graphene Alexander Yulaev 1,2,3, Guangjun
More informationPC Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy
PC Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy Schedule: Week of September 5-9: Student presentations Week of September 19-23:Student experiments Learning goals: (1) Hands-on experience with setting up a spectrometer.
More informationSuperconductivity Induced Transparency
Superconductivity Induced Transparency Coskun Kocabas In this paper I will discuss the effect of the superconducting phase transition on the optical properties of the superconductors. Firstly I will give
More information