Classifying the Elements

Transcription

1 Classifying the Elements 1 of 28 Classifying the Elements A coin may contain much information in a small space its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table. 2 of 28 1

2 Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table Squares in the Periodic Table What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table? 3 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms. 4 of 28 2

3 Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements. The Group 1A elements are called alkali metals. The Group 2A elements are called alkaline earth metals. The nonmetals of Group 7A are called halogens. 5 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Squares in the Periodic Table 6 of 28 3

4 Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups Electron Configurations in Groups How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations? 7 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations. 8 of 28 4

5 Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups The blimp contains helium, one of the noble gases. 9 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups The Noble Gases The noble gases are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below. 10 of 28 5

6 Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups The Representative Elements Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled. The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level. 11 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups In atoms of the Group 1A elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level. 12 of 28 6

7 Classifying the Elements > Electron Configurations in Groups In atoms of the Group 4A elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level. 13 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements Representative Elements 14 of 28 7

8 Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements Representative Elements 15 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements Representative Elements 16 of 28 8

9 Classifying the Elements > Representative Elements Representative Elements 17 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements Transition Elements There are two types of transition elements transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations. 18 of 28 9

10 Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements In atoms of a transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons. In atoms of an inner transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons. 19 of 28 Classifying the Elements > Transition Elements Blocks of Elements 20 of 28 10

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