Powder & Emulsion Flocculant

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1 Powder & Emulsion Flocculant YANGFLOC series Product catalogue Technical data Eyang chemical Co., Ltd

2 Company ompany profile Productsroducts Eyang Chemical is the largest waste-water treatment agent manufacturer in KOREA. We are a specialized chemical company producing and selling an organic polymer coagulant related environmental agent and paper dispersant, and engineering and construction related chemicals. Specially, because of the organic polymer coagulant, our flagship product, has acquired the largest production capability domestically and excellent technical power and outstanding quality, we are leading the industry, developing and supplying various products meeting the needs of waste-water treatment. Based on our years of experience in the industry, we are producing and supplying organic polymer coagulants meeting the special needs of domestic waste-water treatment as well as securing the No. 1 position in the domestic market after competing against imports. Furthermore, we are exporting various products meeting the needs of our customers all over the world. We have achieved manufacturing technology improvements and product diversification from joint management with SNF, a specialized water treatment agent manufacturer in France, since Jul Based on all that, we are able to supply the advanced Polymer for water supply and Super Plasticizer. Furthermore, we obtained ISO 9001 certification in Feb. 2001, and we are able to supply more reliable products by operating the enterprise with a quality management system. We will participate in environment protection for safe and pleasant future, and will do our best as a contributing company to humankind. Moreover, based on our goal of customer satisfaction, we are training professional engineers at our own environmental technology institute for improving our efficient treatment process according to the production of various waste-water treatment chemicals. We are providing technological services to customers. The solid-liquid separation process, which removes suspended solids water and reduces sludge, is the most fundamental and important process in wastewater disposal YANGFLOC is a water soluble, organic polymer flocculant used in solid-separation processes such as precipitation, filtering, thickening and de-watering in diverse Industrial application. When used, it enhances wastewater treatment efficiency and reduces disposal costs. YANGFLOC is available in both powder and emulsion form and in anionic, non-ionic and cationic charge. Below figure shows the typical functional group for a polymer structure. Organic flocculant.. -. Yangfloc A/N/C P series.. Powder type -. Yangfloc A/N/C E series.. Emulsion type -1 -

3 Flocculation & Coagulation The general mechanisms in order to remove the colloidal suspended solids are followed. (1) Charge neutralization ly absorbed counter ions and a diffuse region of counter- and co ions make up the electrical double layer at the surface of particles suspended in water. This layer has a certain thickness for a given set of conditions. There is a reduction in the thickness of the double layer when electrolytes are added to the suspension due to an increase in the availability and number of counter ions. This increase in counter ion concentration acts to reduce the surface potential and, thereby, the repulsion component of the net interaction potential. Particles are then able to approach each other more easily and coagulation and flocculation are more likely. Coagulation in this manner is referred to as occurring by charge neutralization because the addition of excess counter ions moves the net potential towards a state of zero charge. (2) Patch model When lower molecular weight(<100,000) cationic polyelectrolyte with high charge density are mixed with anionic particles, the polymer molecules are believed to absorb completely onto the particle surfaces and form a patch of positive charge. This patch effectively reverses the anionic charge at that site on the particle surface while the rest of the particle remains anionic. Therefore the overall potential may also remain anionic. After the polyelectrolyte is absorbed collision of the positively charged patch with an uncovered negative area on another particle leads to agglomeration. The aggregation rate is greater than that produced by charge neutralization with a simple electrolyte. (3) Bridging model The flocculation of colloidal materials by polyelectrolyte of high molecular weight (>100,000) is presumed to take place by a bridging mechanism. In this mechanism, the polymer is thought to adsorb on the particle surface with a series of loops and tail extending into the liquid phase. These loops and tails extend well beyond the double layer. Flocculation then occurs by adsorption of the extend loops and tails onto the negative surface of a second particle. Bridging flocculation is only dependent on the collision frequency of the particles and the repulsion between the two the two double layers does not come into play. The charge density and molecular weight of the polymer are also very important. As you would expect, higher molecular weights promote increased bridging because longer polymer chains extend farther into the surrounding water and away from the particle surface. Polymer charge density influences the attraction of the polymer to the particle surface and the strength with which the macromolecule bonds to the surface. (4)Steric stabilization In addition to stabilizing a hydrophobic colloid suspension by the development of a high surface charge, a system may also be stabilized when long chain polymers are adsorbed onto particle surfaces in a manner that the loops and tails from one particle interfere with the loops and tails from another particle, preventing them from approaching closely enough to flocculate. Such polymers are normally nonionic in nature and are of high molecular weight. This phenomenon is often called protective colloid action. -2 -

4 The solid-liquid separation process, using polymer flocculant, is divided into primary flocculation, settlement or flotation process, and dewatering.. Primary wastewater treatment is a process to separate fine suspended particles, which are dispersed in the wastewater in a stable condition. The process of coagulation destabilizes the particles into a form on which flocculation will work. This treatment generally uses inorganic coagulants such as aluminum sulphate, ferric sulphate, ferric chloride or organic coagulant such as polyamine or polydadmac, followed by a polymer flocculant. Dewatering treatments may be gravitational or mechanical and polymer flocculants are effective in both applications by enlarging the suspended solids into particle sizes that can be physically handled. This also ensures that the liquid phases become free and are capable of separation. The choice of polymer flocculant will depend upon the original feed and the pretreatment that has occurred. Eyang has the technical expertise to be able to determine the most suitable treatment processes and grades of product from analysis of samples either on site or at their laboratories Anionic flocculant is useful to promote the settlement and flotation in inorganic suspension or positive charge materials and is effective in aggregation of wide range of suspensions not having influence of suspension zeta potential often pretreated with inorganic salt (Aluminum sulfate, PAC and others) Nonionic flocculant is less influenced by suspension (ordinary valid range : 4 ~ 10) Cationic flocculant is adapted to promote the settlement and flotation in suspension having negative ion charge and the dewatering and filtration in organic suspension materials. [Table. Comparison between powder type and emulsion type flocculant] Items POWDER TYPE EMULSION TYPE Composition PAA 93~96% 25~50% (main) Water/Oil 4~7% 32~47% / 18~20% Surfactant 5~8% points -. Diversified application/products -. Good performance in treatment of non-gradation,high organic -. High effective concentration /inorganic waste water & sludge (leather,livestock,food,etc) Moleculer Design -. Broader molecular weight distribution -. Control & modify of manufacturing condition is easy. (structure,m.w,ionicity,etc) -. Higher molecular weight than powders. -. The surfactants contained in emulsions can improved results on sludge containing oils and fats. Cost The difference of dosage ratio is decided by waste -. Dosage ratio : Emulsion type need more dosage than powder water and sludge condition. type by 1.5~2 times. -. Optimal grade selection ii helpful to decrease the running cost. Storage Temp. -. Not much effected by temperature -. Maintain the regular temperature (5~30 ) in warehouse to keep off rain cycle(lump,skins,gel,etc) Life cycle -. One year -. Six months Moisture. -. Seperated from moisture. -. Seperated from moisture. Others -. Freezing point : Denaturalization point : Emulsion which are going to be stored for long periods (more than 1 month) should be homogenized before use.homogeniz ation must be made by gentle agitation & short periods. -. Seperated from water contamination to keep off lump,conglom erated of Emulsion. Operation -. A chest complaint & other machine`s contami -. Small(can unit) quantity handling is difficult in field application. nation by fine powder. -. A hot wire equipment to outlet of screw feeder to avoid gelation of powder. Auto dissolving unit can settle the many problem. Dissolving unit -. Investment : Higher(1.5times) than Emulsion dissolving unit. (hopper,dissolving tank,pipe,etc) REMARKS -3 -

5 Flocculation performance factor. Flocculant : ity, Molecular structure & weight Chemical formulation Dissolving : Unit, Dissolving water and time Flotation & Sedimentation Type of equipment : Air, Pressure Flo., Sed., and Set Dewatering Type of equipment : Belt, Screw, Filter & Centrifuge Sludge and flocculation condition : The kind of sludge Main composition Other injected chemicals The kind of dewatering units Temperature, Sludge condition (T.S, Particle size and density),, etc Lab test Flocculation : Reaction time Floc size & strength (resistance) Settling or flotation speed CST Field test Flocculation : Injection point flocculation speed Settling or flotation speed Thickening Analysis : Turbidity (NTU), SS (ppm or %), Color (degree) Water content of dewat. cake), drainage time for same volume or weight, detached cake from membrane -4 -

6 Structure of Flocculant charge range (meq/g) : -6.0 ~ +, Anionic 50mol% ~ Cationic 100mol% Optimum charge density of Flocculant generated the large floc. But excess C.D. of that reversed total net charge. (for example, high C.D. Flocculation. Total charge is changed the positive) and that generate the viscous cake. Molecular structure Liner Polymer Branched Polymer Cross linked polymer The more a polymeric flocculant is branched, the more a floc is strong and large but, the dosage of that is increased. The branched polymer is available for very weak floc, long flocculation time and high shearing (ex, centrifuge), and special application. Molecular weight Approximately M.W for emulsion flocculant of EYC from 40 million Dalton to 1 million Dalton Generally, the flocculant which has high molecular weight generate the large floc. Because the long chain is useful to bridge the small floc. But it is not absolute. The floc aspects depend on that ; the istics of sludge, ionic material, etc the ionic and physical interaction between sludge and flocculant -5 -

7 Quality for Powder & Emulsion Flocculant Bulk color Most of the emulsions are opaque; some are slightly transparent. The most general shade is offwhite; some are creamy yellowish and some greenish. (Emulsion are multi-phase systems and are composed of more than 10 components,) Hydrolysis : Polymer degradation over time In general, polymeric flocculants were stable over periods of several months. However, in aqueous solution, Chemical, mechanical or bacteriological degradation may occur, sometimes rapidly. But, the stability factor depend on a dissolving water, structure, ionicity, and M.W of polymer. 120 In hard water ; total Hardness = 350 mg/l CaCO 3, solution = 8.0 [Figure. The bulk color of emulsion] Regardless of the quality and performance of the emulsion, each product has it's peculiar opaqueness and color which changes depending on the ionicity, active content, raw materials used, etc. Slight differences in statistical distribution of molecular weight of the polymer and size of the micelle of polymer may generate changes in the refractive index of the components and lead to slight color variations. Solubility After polymerization, the W/O emulsion will not disperse and dissolve in water. If the inversing agent (hydrophilic surfactant) add to the emulsion, it is resulting in a self inversing emulsion Therefore, the solubility of emulsion flocculant depend on the amount of inversing agent, HLB in system, the shape of micelle, and the structure of flocculant. We produce the batch product for emulsion flocculant. To improve the solubility, we estimate the optimum dosage of inversing agent per a batch. If the dosage of inversing agent is too much, the layer separation is generated quickly. Good solubility Normal solubility Bad solubility Water released (ml) C-310E after 3 hour in soft water C-310E after 1 hour in hard water C-310E after 2 hour in hard water C-310E after 3 hour in hard water Time (s) With regard to hydolytic degradation, the stability of polyacrylamides depends on the according to their ionic nature: * Nonionic : Stable from 1 to 12 * Anionic : Stable from 4 to 12 * Cationic : Stable from 4 to 6 Others Emulsions are suspensions of polymer hydrogels in a oil. They generally contain 25 to 50% of active material. The hydrogel a hydrated polymer is in the form of microsheres with an average diameter of 1 μm. Therefore emulsion flocculant has high molecular weight or/and high branched polymer with a high solubility. It is recommended that these emulsions be stored under dry conditions at a temperature of between 0 and 30 and that it must be regularly agitated to protect a layer separation. -6 -

8 Laboratory evaluation Efficiency Acrylamide CH 2 =CHCONH 2 The effect of Dosage : The flocculant selection should be done at the minimum dosage possible for flocculation in order to make them different. H H C C H O C N H H High dosage dosage Low dosage The effect of Shearing and Reaction time : STEP.2. Formation of Floc 12 Floc strength or size 10 STEP.1. Neutralization STEP.3. Formation of Large Floc Intensity of Shearing[rpm or time] Low M.W. M.W. The kind of flocculant The interrelationship of optimum dosage and efficiency is shown the peak curve type. The generated floc is re-stable by net-charge reverse effect at a over-dosage Optimum dosage range Efficiency High M.W. Polymer SS STEP.4. Redistribution of Floc Polymer design : The optimum flocculation time is depended on the properties of polymer; for example, molecular weight, linear or branched, a viscosity, charge density, a kind of monomer, etc. Low dosage Over dosage The dosage of flocculant To estimate the optimum dosage, we use jar-tester, B to B and cylinder. Inorganic coagulant Organic coagulant Pollutant Flocculant -7 -

9 YANGFLOC POWDER TYPE A high performance water-soluble polymer flocculant developed for water removal applications especially for fine suspended solids. Even with very low dosage rates these products will enhance dewatering capabilities, improve cleanliness of treated waters and reduce disposal costs. The YANGFLOC powder grade series of flocculants is applicable to a very wide range of and will work efficiently with all types of municipal or industrial wastewater. 1. YANGFLOC A series.. Anionic product specification Viscosity of 1.0% aqueous solution Molecular weight ( 10 6 Dalton) >20mesh Particle size(%) <100mesh A-131PL 9. A-131PU 10. A-131P A-131PH A-132PU A-132P A-132PH A-150P A-133PU A-232PL A-232P A-234PH A-211P TP-230P TP-210P A-212P A-231PL A-231PU A-231P A-231PH A-330PL A-330PLC A-330P A-330PH A-331PB A-331PVL

10 1. YANGFLOC A series.. Anionic product specification Viscosity of 1.0% aqueous solution Molecular weight ( 10 6 Dalton) >20mesh Particle size(%) <100mesh A-331PL A-331PU A-331P A-430PL A-430P A-430PH A-530P A-530PH A-630P A-630PH A-730P A-980P YANGFLOC N series.. Nonionic product specification Viscosity of 1.0% aqueous solution Molecular weight ( 10 6 Dalton) >20mesh Particle size(%) <100mesh N-100P Nonionic N-101P Nonionic N-102P Nonionic N-104PL Nonionic N-104P Nonionic N-130P Nonionic

11 3. YANGFLOC C series.. Cationic product specification Viscosity of 1.0% aqueous solution Molecular weight ( 10 6 Dalton) >20mesh Particle size(%) <100mesh C-103PH MAX C-111PL C-111PU C-111P YCX-4 C-112P C-113PL C-113P C-113PH C-150P C-213PH C-213PVH C-250P 6.0 C-254PH C-210PL 6.0 C-210PU C-210P 7.5 C-210PH C-219P YCX YCX C-252PH C-212PH C-253PH C-211PL C-211PU C-211P C-211PH C-211PVH C-101P C-311PL C-311PU C-311P

12 3. YANGFLOC C series.. Cationic product specification Viscosity of 1.0% aqueous solution Molecular weight ( 10 6 Dalton) >20mesh Particle size(%) <100mesh C-311PH 9.0 C-319P C-300P 6.0 C-350P C-310PL C-310PU C-310PS C-310P C-330P C-410P 8.0 C-411PL C-411PU 6.0 C-411P C-411PVH C-412PU C-412P C-419P C-419PH C-460P C-510PVL C-510PU C-510P C-510PH C-519PH C-610PL C-610P C-611PL C-611PU 6.0 C-611P C-611PH C-611PVH C-619P C-619PH -11 -

13 3. YANGFLOC C series.. Cationic product specification Viscosity of 1.0% aqueous solution Molecular weight ( 10 6 Dalton) >20mesh Particle size(%) <100mesh C-710P C-810P C-810PH 7.0 C-900P C-910PH C-990P 10.0 SP series ~ 15 CAM-250P Packaging -. 15kg white paper bag and white PE bag -. 25kg white PE Bag kg Bulk Bag -. Ton bag 5. Handling -. Store in dry conditions. Reseal bags after opening as the product is hygroscopic. -. Do not wash down spillages with water. This product becomes very slippery when wet. -. This product is non-toxic. however it is advisable to wear protective mask and goggles. Wash with clean water skin contact. -. Shelf life in unopened state 2 years

14 YANGFLOC EMULSION TYPE Emulsion type polymeric flocculant made by a special polymerization process are consentient to use as they easily disperse in water due to their excellent solubility. These products exhibit enhanced efficiency for all flocculation application; settlement, flotation, thickening and dewatering. Yangfloc emulsion grade have a high molecular weight, but narrow molecular weight distribution, offering excellent performance in wastewater treatment applications for industries as diverse as leather, livestock breeding, food preparation, marine product processing, petroleum chemistry, dye and sewage. 1. YANGFLOC A series & N series.. Anionic & Nonionic product specification Group Bulk viscosity Sp. Gr. (25 ) Remarks Nonionic N-100E Nonionic A130E A230E A231E Anionic A330E A333E A430E A530E A800SE series Special grade 2. YANGFLOC C series.. Cationic product specification Group Bulk viscosity Sp. Gr. (25 ) Remarks C-110E C-110EB C-112EL C-113E Cationic C-160E C-210E C-210EB C-210EL C-210ELH -13 -

15 2. YANGFLOC C series.. Cationic product specification Group Bulk viscosity Sp. Gr. (25 ) Remarks C-211E C-212E C-212EL C-212EML C-260EL C-310E C-310EL C-312E C-360EL C-410E Cationic C-410EL C-411E C-460EL C-510E C-510EL C-610E C-610EVL C-611EB C-810E C-810EB C-810EL C-910E 4. The packaging -. 20kg Steel Can/PE can -. 1ton tote-bin -. Bulk container 6. Usage 5. Handling -. Store in dry conditions at 5 ~ Long storage may generate separation of the oil phase. Agitate before use. -. Self life in unopened state : 6 month -. This product is non-toxic, however it is advisable to wear protective mask and goggles. And wash with clean water after skin contact. -. Dissolving : Fill water in dissolving tank to just cover the agitator blades. Turn on the agitator and slowly add the emulsion into the vortex created by the blades. This will ensure sufficient shear is applied to fully wet the emulsion. When all the emulsion has been added, adjust the concentration of the solution by topping up with water to the required level. Agitation should continue until the solution is totally homogenous and can then be stopped

16 CHEMICAL CO.LTD Head Office : 18th Floor Kukje Electronics Center Bldg Seochodong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea -. Tel : ~7 -. FAX : Factory : Yuchun-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan, Korea Tel : FAX : Homepage URL : All right reserved by CHEMICAL Co., LTD, Do you have any question, feel free contact me : yhbae@eyangchem.co.kr -15 -