Recycling von Nanopartikeln. Aktuelle Entwicklungen
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1 Recycling von Nanopartikeln Aktuelle Entwicklungen Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jorg Thöming Zentrum für Umweltforschung und nachhaltige Technologien - UFT Universität Bremen 1
2 UFT research focus greennano Methods Chance Risk 50 nm Testsysteme zur Analyse der biologischen Wirkung von Nanomaterialien 1) Gehirnzellen: Astrozyten (grün) Mikroglia (rot) und Zellkerne (blau); 2) Vibrio fischeri (Leuchtbakterium); 3) Daphnia magna (Großer Wasserfloh, Nano-Eisenoxid im Verdauungstrakt sichtbar); 4) Folsomia candida (Springschwanz); 5) Algenzucht 2
3 Nanoparticles in the environment have existed ever since However, engineered nanoparticles have not Ball lightning: Nature 403, (2000) 3
4 Recycling Product example: Superparamagnetic iron oxide SPIONs Raw mat. Production Produkt Product Use Residues (Re-)Use Recovery Waste 4
5 Recovery of NP A Question of Return on Invest Returns Max Revenues (NP value) Benefit NP recovery / % Cost Capital & operational expenditures thoeming@uni-bremen.de 5
6 Recovery: Enrichment & Fractionation Fractionation 6
7 Recovery of nanoparticles processes available? Platinum NPs in solid matrix Milling + fractionation Iron oxide (Superpara)Magnetic NPs SPIONs Selective enrichment thoeming@uni-bremen.de 7
8 Magnetic separation of SPIONs: selective enrichment SPIONs Liquid Magnet Scale-up for recycling possible 8
9 Enrichment Magnetic separation of SPIONs Scale-up for recycling possible Kainz Q. M., Linhardt R., Maity P. K., Hanson P. R., Reiser O., 2013 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-based Recyclable Magnetic Acylation Reagents, ChemSusChem, 6:721 9
10 Enrichment Magnetic separation of SPIONs Scale-up for recycling possible Linhardt R., Kainz Q., Grass R., Stark W., Reiser O., Palladium nanoparticles supported on ionic liquid modified, magnetic nanobeads - recyclable, high- capacity catalysts for alkene hydrogenation, RSC Advances, 4:
11 Recovery of nanoparticles processes available? Platinum NPs in solid matrix Milling + fractionation Iron oxide (Superpara)Magnetic NPs SPIONs Selective enrichment NPs dispersed in liquid Ag-NP Enrichment + fractionation thoeming@uni-bremen.de 11
12 Enrichment of nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid Dispersion Feed Ag-NP Retentate Ag-NP for Reuse Permeate Obstacle: Membrane fouling Wastewater 12
13 Enrichment of nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid Solvent extraction Multi stage process: (too) expensive Here: cloud point extraction with non-ionic surfactant mixtures R.C. Flagan, Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng., 5, pp ,
14 Nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid Enrichment using dielectrics Switchable filter (UFT) Pesch et al. (2014) Sep. Pur. Tech., 132,
15 Recovery of nanoparticles processes available? Platinum NPs in solid matrix Milling + fractionation Iron oxide (Superpara)Magnetic NPs SPIONs Selective enrichment NPs dispersed in liquid Ag-NP Enrichment + fractionation thoeming@uni-bremen.de 15
16 Nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid Fractionation Particle analysis: Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation, AFFFF Scale-up for recycling questionable itwm.fraunhofer.de 16
17 Nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid Fractionation using dielectricity SIDE-separator (UFT) Drag DEP suspension v 0 G Fluid flow h SIDEs (electrodes) y ~ x Scale-up for recycling to be developed 17
18 Recovery of nanoparticles processes available? Platinum NPs in solid matrix Milling + fractionation Iron oxide (Superpara)Magnetic NPs SPIONs Selective enrichment NPs dispersed in liquid Ag-NP Enrichment + fractionation NPs dispersed in gas (aerosol) Enrichment + fractionation thoeming@uni-bremen.de 18
19 Enrichment of NP from aerosols Differential Mobility Analyzer - Radial flow DMA (RDMA) Measurment range 1nm 1 µm Opposite ring electrodes + Scale-up for recycling questionable S. Zhang, Y. Akutsu, L.M. Russell, R.C. Flagan, J.H. Seinfeld, Aerosol Science and Technology, 23:3, pp ,
20 Separation efficiency η / [-] Enrichment of NP from aerosols Limitations of DMA efficiency 0.14 Ideal* separation efficiency Charge +2 Charge η = 2 n P 3 n t n p n t number of particles carrying p charges calculated according to Kousaka et al.* total number of particles Particle diameter d p / [nm] *) Y. Kousaka, K. Okuyama, M. Adachi, Aerosol Sci Tech, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp ,
21 Folgerungen Element-Recycling Bsp.: Sortierung, Pyro-/Hydrometallurgie Recycling (superpara)magnetischer NPs Recycling dispergierter NP Wirtschaftliches Recycling erfordert neue Technologie - + thoeming@uni-bremen.de 21
22 22
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