Science 8th Grade Three-Week Bundles

Transcription

1 Bundle # Topic: Science 8th Grade Three-Week Bundles 1 Atomic properties & structure 7 8.8A Describe the structure and parts of an atom. Structure: Dense Nucleus (+) Electron cloud Energy Level Empty space Moving electrons Electron configuration ( ) Parts: Proton (+) Neutron (0) Electron (-) Nucleus (+) Only do elements B Identify the properties of an atom including mass and electrical charge. Properties: Atomic number Atomic Mass Valence Electrons Ions Isotopes Size Force of attraction Repulsion of electrons relative to distance Only do elements Instructional Days: Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct tables & models to Ethical Practices 1(B) organize, examine and evaluate Beaker Hot Plate Telescope data Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments Introduced in 8th grade. IPC: Research and describe the historical development of the atomic theory. Technology, Math, Art, Language Arts, Social Studies During this 3-week bundle the students will become familiar with the structure and properties of atoms by working collaboratively in groups. They will construct a model of the atom and label the different parts. Textbooks, Websites, Atomic Models, Video Technology

2 2 Periodic Table & Chemical Formuals, Equations & Reactions 8 8.9B Interpret information on the periodic table to understand that physical properties are used to group elements. INCLUDING trends in periods and groups: Density Size Mass Melting pt, Boiling pt Color Luster Malleability Ductility State at Room Temperature Conduction 8.9C Recognize the importance of formulas and equations to express what happens in a chemical reaction. Define: Reactants Products symbols (+, ->, aq) Phases [(l) liquid, (s) solid, (g) gas] UNDERSTAND the basic concept of conservation of mass. INTERPRET equations and RECOGNIZE if they are balanced. Students are not to balance an unbalanced example. Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct tables to organize, Balance Graduated Cylinder Spring Scales Ethical Practices 1(B) examine and evaluate data Beaker Hot Plate Telescope 3(E) Mendeleev Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th- Identify chemical examples such as rusting and tarnishing of metals and burning of wood. They will describe Math, Language Arts, Technology physical properties of elements and identify how they are used to position an element on the periodic table. IPC- They will classify elements, compounds, or mixtures and relate the chemical behavior of an element including bonding, to its placement on the periodic table. During this 3-week bundle the students will recognize the importance of physical and chemical properties and how they relate to the periodic table. They will be doing different hands-on activities to represent chemical formulas and equations depicting chemical reactions. Textbooks, Periodic Table, Oxidation Number Chart, Websites

3 3 Physical and Chemical Properties 6 8.9A Demonstrate (students performing) that substances may react chemically to form new substances. Examples: Baking Soda/Vinegar Yeast and Hydrogen peroxide Burning a candle (Birthday) Acids and Metals 8.9D Identify that physical and chemical properties influence the development and application of everyday materials INCLUDING cooking surfaces, insulation, adhesives, and plastics. Materials such as: wire, fiber optics, tools, cooking appliances, utensils, surgical equipment, auto parts, etc. Physical properties: Conductivity Malleability/Ductility Luster Hardness (Mohs scale) Specific Heat Density Magnetism Mp, Bp, Fp Chemical properties: Reacts with another substance (oxygen, water, etc.) Does NOT react with another substance Flammability Corrosiveness Reactivity Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct models, charts and Balance Graduated Cylinder Spring Scales Ethical Practices 1(B) tables to organize, examine and Beaker Hot Plate Telescope evaluate data Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) information to make predictions Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- Identifying physical and chemical properties. Math, Language Arts, Technology IPC- They will learn how to distinguish between physical and chemical changes and they will analyze endothermic and exothermic reactions. They will also investigate and identify the Law of Conservation of Mass. During this 3-week bundle the students will perform labs to demonstrate physical and chemical properties and how they are used in everyday materials. They will be able to identify when a chemical reaction has occurred. Textbooks, Lab Resources, Websites, Video

4 4 Heat Energy A Illustrate interactions between matter and energy including specific heat. In: Melting point/freezing point Boiling point Evaporation/condensation States of matter Phase change diagrams 8.10C Illustrate convection, conduction, and radiation. Students will not be expected to calculate specific heat but they should have a general understanding of how it affects the world around us. Identify and demonstrate (students performing) that loss or gain of heat energy occurs during exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions Use tools (thermometers, probes) to measure change in heat in reactions. Use everyday/student examples: Heat packs Ice packs Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct graphs, tables and Balance Graduated Cylinder Spring Scales Ethical Practices 1(B) charts using tools including Beaker Hot Plate Telescope computers to organize, examine Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) and evaluate data Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) information to make predictions Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- They have covered radiant energy only. Math, Language Arts, Technology IPC- They cover the Law of Conservation of Energy and the movement of heat energy by convection, conduction and radiation. During this 3-week bundle the students will use hands-on labs to demonstrate conduction, convection and radiation in the transfer of heat energy. They will also distinguish between the states of matter by observing and participating in lab exercises. Textbooks, Websites, Video, Lab Manuals

5 5 Properties of Waves and Force & Motion A Demonstrate (students performing) how unbalanced forces cause changes in the speed or direction of an object s motion. Activities should include: Friction from s, l, and g. Mass/Inertia Motion Speed Velocity Acceleration Introduce Newton s second law (F=ma) Including concept building and calculating using the formulas on TAKS chart 8.7B Recognize that waves are generated and can travel through different media. Types of Waves Mechanical - Seismic waves - Sound waves - Water waves Electromagnetic (does not require medium, but can travel through a medium as well) - EM Spectrum Properties of Waves Wavelength Frequency Amplitude (wave height) Speed Use formula chart for speed of sound and speed of light Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct graphs, tables and Ethical Practices 1(B) charts using tools including Beaker Hot Plate Telescope computers to organize, examine Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) and evaluate data Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) information to make predictions Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) 3(E) Newton Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- They use simple machines to demonstrate relationships between force and motion. They cover Newton's 1st Math, Technology, Language Arts, Physical Education, Art, Music Law of Motion. IPC- They cover Newton's 3rd Law of Motion. They cover wave types, interactions and uses of different types of waves. During this 3-week bundle the students will learn Newton's 2nd Law of Motion by participating in group activities. They will distinguish between balanced and unbalanced forces through different activities. They will learn that all waves have specific properties and travel through different types of media by demonstrations. Textbooks, Websites, Video, Lab Activities

6 6 Heredity & Genetics A Identify that change in environmental conditions can affect the survival of individuals and a species (plants and animals). Environmental Conditions: Pollution Acid rain Deforestation Affects both positive and negative: Extinction ( ex. carrier pigeons) Recovery (ex. bald eagles, falcon, alligator) Introduce natural selection. 8.11B Distinguish between inherited traits and other characteristics that result from interactions with the environment in plants and animals. Examples: artic fox, fur leaves curling to prevent water loss cactus leaves becoming spines fat storage light-skin vs. dark-skin affecting chances of skin cancer lizards/chameleons 8.11C Make predictions about possible outcomes of various genetic combinations of inherited characteristics. Using single trait Punnett square (monohybrid) ONLY Activities should build conceptual understanding of genotypes and phenotypes. Students should understand the mathematics/probability of Punnett squares. 8.14B Analyze how natural or human events may have contributed to the extinction of some species (plants and animals). Examples: Natural selection Pollution / Acid Rain Meteor hitting earth Deforestation Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct maps and charts to Ethical Practices 1(B) organize, examine and evaluate Beaker Hot Plate Telescope data Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) information to make predictions Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) 3(E) Gregor Mendel Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- They cover dominant and recessive genes, sexual and asexual reproduction, compare traits of different Math, Physical Education, Art, Music, Social Studies, Language Arts organisms that enhance their survival. Biology- DNA, Embryology, Phylogeny, Classification During this 3-week bundle the students will be working with punnett squares to learn inheritance patterns and genetic traits. They will also be discussing how natural selection, environmental conditions and reproduction influence inheritance patterns. Textbooks, Websites, Technology, Video, Games & Activities

7 7 Earth Systems A Predict land features resulting from gradual changes INCLUDING mountain building, beach erosion, land subsidence, and continental drift. FEATURES will result from: Earthquake plate tectonics Chemical and mechanical weathering erosion stress Use Maps including Topographic to show land features. 8.12A Analyze and predict the sequence of events in the lunar and rock cycles. Including: Phases of moon Solar/lunar eclipse Tides Rock cycle Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct maps, and models to Ethical Practices 1(B) organize, examine and evaluate Beaker Hot Plate Telescope data Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) information to make predictions Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) 3(E) Wagner Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- They will cover catastrophic events, erosion, weathering, renewable and nonrenewable resources Social Studies, Music, Language Arts, Art IPC- Changes and stages in the rock cycle. During this 3-week bundle the students will be able to relate changes in land features due to human activity or natural events. Through demonstrations and lab activities students will predict lunar and rock cycles. Textbooks, Websites, Video, Lab Manuals, Technology, Field Trip

8 8 Solar, Weather & Ocean Systems B Describe interactions among solar, weather, and ocean systems. Use combination of all three systems Describe solar energy as driving force behind weather and ocean systems. Examples: Severe weather ( ex. Hurricanes, tornados) El Nino La Nina 8.13A Describe characteristics of the universe such as stars and galaxies. Characteristics: HR Diagrams Stars (types)/ colors Galaxies (types) Constellations Comets Meteors Novas Black holes, etc Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct graphs, tables, maps Ethical Practices 1(B) and charts using tools including Beaker Hot Plate Telescope computers to organize, examine Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) and evaluate data Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) information to make predictions Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- Studies Solar System IPC- Heating and cooling processes of weather systems Language Arts, Art, Physical Education, Technology During this 3-week bundle the students will observe interactions among solar, weather and ocean systems. The student will also identify characteristics of stars, galaxies and constellations. Textbooks, Websites, Video, Lab & Art Activities

9 9 Environmental Science C Predict the results of modifying the Earth s nitrogen, water and carbon cycles. MODIFICATIONS should be both negative and positive Such as: Global warming Greenhouse effect Fertilizer runoff Watersheds Use common/local examples such as when fertilizer runoff feeds hydrilla or other water plant and its growth depletes the oxygen supply in the water. 8.6C Describe interactions within ecosystems. Interactions in: Food chain/webs Weather systems/fronts Water cycle Nitrogen cycle CO2 /O2 cycle Biomes Predator, prey Symbiosis 8.14C Describe how human activities have modified soil, water, and air quality. MODIFICATIONS should be both negative and positive Acid rain Ozone Pollutants air, soil, water Fuel cells - batteries Deforestation Disposal of wastes-oils, gases, hazardous materials, etc Reclamation Projects Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct graphs, tables, maps, Ethical Practices 1(B) and charts using tools including Beaker Hot Plate Telescope computers to organize, examine Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) and evaluate data Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) information to make predictions Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- They discuss food chain, food web and ecological succession. Language Arts, Physical Education, Math, Technology Biology- They cover flow of energy through the cycles and investigate interactions in an ecosystem. They will also discuss the mechanisms in homeostasis and equilibrium. During this 3-week bundle the students will play games and work in groups to relate interactions within ecosystems. They Textbooks, Websites, Video, Lab Manuals, Community Resources, Field will predict possible outcomes due to human influences on the carbon, nitrogen, water cycles and air quality. Trip

10 10 Interdependence of Living Systems 5 8.6A Describe interactions among systems in the human organism. Activities should have students describing how the human body systems work together. Use all possible combinations. 8.6B Identify feedback mechanisms (external and internal) that maintain equilibrium of systems (both plant and animal) including body temperature, turgor pressure, and chemical reactions. Examples: Body temperature: fever and chills, shivering and sweating, heat exhaustion and heat stroke Turgor pressure: wilting of plants, skin turgor Chemical reactions: fluid and electrolyte balance, blood sugar levels and insulin and CO2 build up Phototropism/ Geotropism: both positive and negative Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct graphs, tables, and Ethical Practices 1(B) charts using tools including Beaker Hot Plate Telescope computers to organize, examine Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) and evaluate data Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) information to make predictions Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- Structure & function of living systems Biology- They compare interrelationships of all living body systems including plants. Language Arts, Technology During this 3-week bundle the students will describe how both plant and animal systems work together to maintain function and homeostasis through chemical reactions. Textbooks, Websites, Video, Flip Charts & Diagrams, Models

11 11 Origin of the Universe B Explain the use of light years to describe distances in the universe. Explain the distance in light years to a designated point in space. Explain why light year is used as a unit 8.13C Research and describe historical scientific theories of the origin of the universe. Theories: Big Bang Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct diagrams, models Ethical Practices 1(B) and maps using tools including Beaker Hot Plate Telescope computers to organize, examine Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) and evaluate data Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) information to make predictions Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments Introduced and covered only in 8th Grade. Not a TAKS Tested TEK Language Arts, Math, Art, Physical Education, Technology During this 3-week bundle the students will work in groups and complete various projects on the universe. The students will research historical theories such as the origin of the universe. Textbooks, Websites, Models, Diagrams, Field Trip, Community Resources, Video

12 12 Climatic Changes B Relate the role of oceans to climatic changes. Climatic Changes: El Nino/La Nina Melting of iceberg Land/Sea breezes Safety 1(A) 2(E) construct maps and charts Ethical Practices 1(B) using tools including computers to Beaker Hot Plate Telescope organize, examine and evaluate Scientific Inquiry 2(ABCD) data Calculator Magnets Test Tubes Problem Solving 3(ABCD) 4(B) extrapolate from collected Compass Meter Sticks Thermometer Historical Connection 3(E) information to make predictions Computer Probe Microscopes Timing Device Science and Technology 5(ABC) Computer Petri Dishes Water Test Kits Dissecting Equipment Safety Goggles Weather Instruments 7th Grade- They will cover erosion, deposition and weathering. Language Arts, Art, Technology During this 3-week bundle the students will research and work in groups to determine the effects of the ocean and weather patterns on the climate. Textbooks, Websites, Community Resources, Field Trips