BOOK OF ABSTRACTS THIRD END YEAR MEETING MARIE CURIE - INITIAL TRAINING NETWORK SHAPING AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE ENGINEERING OF POLYSACCHARIDES

Transcription

1 THIRD END YEAR MEETING MARIE CURIE - INITIAL TRAINING NETWORK SHAPING AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE ENGINEERING OF POLYSACCHARIDES Organised by BOOK OF S UNIVERSITY OF MARIBOR FACULTY FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INITIAL TRAINING OF NETWORK September, 20-23, 2011 MARIBOR, SLOVENIA MARIBOR 2008

2 Third End Year Meeting Shaping and Transformation in the Engineering of Polysaccharides STEP Marie Curie Initial Training Network Funded from the European Community s 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No Book of Abstracts September 2011 Hotel Habakuk Maribor, SLOVENIA

3 ISSUED BY Laboratory for Characterisation and Processing of Polymers Institute of Engineering Materials and Design Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UNIVERSITY OF MARIBOR, Slovenia EDITED BY Tatjana KREŽE, University of Maribor, Slovenia DESIGN BY Tatjana KREŽE, University of Maribor, Slovenia REVIEWED BY Thomas BECHTOLD, University of Innsbruck, Austria Karin STANA KLEINSCHEK, University of Maribor, Slovenia Avinash P. MANIAN, University of Innsbruck, Austria Barbora ŠIROKÁ, University of Innsbruck, Austria Tatjana KREŽE, University of Maribor, Slovenia ORGANISING COMMITTEE Thomas BECHTOLD, University of Innsbruck, Austria Avinash P. MANIAN, University of Innsbruck, Austria Barbora ŠIROKÁ, University of Innsbruck, Austria Tatjana KREŽE, University of Maribor, Slovenia Manja KUREČIČ, University of Maribor, Slovenia Karin STANA KLEINSCHEK, University of Maribor, Slovenia NUMBER OF COPIES 50 PRINTED BY UNIVERSITY OF MARIBOR, SLOVENIA

4 NOTE The contributions included in this publication have been reproduced from original authors camera ready papers; therefore the editor and the organiser of the Third End Year Meeting of Shaping and Transformation in the Engineering of Polysaccharides (STEP) are not responsible for any material contained in the paper. CIP Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor (082)(048.3) END Year Meeting Shaping and Transformation in the Engineering of Polysaccharides (3 ; 2011 ; Maribor) Book of abstracts [Elektronski vir] / Third End Year Meeting Shaping and Transformation in the Engineering of Polysaccharides STEP, September 2011, Maribor, Slovenia ; [organised by] STEP ITN, Marie Curie Initial Training Network ; [edited by Tatjana Kreže]. El. zbornik. Maribor : Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Laboratory for Characterisation and Processing of Polymers, 2011

5 FOREVORD Dear colleagues and friends, It was a pleasant enjoyment to welcome you to the STEP ITN Third End Year Meeting that took place in Hotel Habakuk, Maribor, Slovenia, from September The meeting was organised by STEP ITN»Shaping and Transformation in the Engineering of Polysaccharides«. STEP ITN is a Marie Curie Initial Training Network. Its aim is to improve the career perspectives (in both public and private sectors) of researchers who are in the first five years of their research careers. Institutions from both academic and industry sectors form a collaborative network to recruit research fellows and provide them with opportunities to undertake research in the context of a joint research training program. STEP ITN seeks to gain fundamental understanding of the non covalent interactions in polysaccharide structures and utilize the knowledge to develop ways and means of overcoming their influence on polysaccharide conversion processes. This meeting was the STEP ITN Third End Year meeting. A total of 78 participants attended the meeting organized by University of Maribor in the Hotel Habakuk, Maribor, Slovenia. The meeting was organised in three days with 26 lectures and 9 posters presentations. There were also 7 training sessions from Visiting Scientists and Invited Speakers. Abstracts of the oral and poster presentations are published in the book of abstract. The organising committee expresses its pleasure and gratitude to all speakers, poster presenters, chairmen of the sessions and facilitators. We hope that these meeting had comprised the collaborations in all aspect (research, knowledge transfer, dissemination, coordination). Following this mission, this extensive program of training, in a wide variety of fields, will allow early stage and experienced researchers to develop the technical proficiency and complementary skills required to make significant contributions to science and technology in their professional careers. We look forward to seeing you again Sincerely, STEP ITN Third End Year meeting organising committee

6 CONTENT PROGRAMME STEP ITN 3 RD END YEAR MEETING 1 LECTURE S 5 Amir Hossein Abbaszadeh, Tim J Foster The University of Nottingham, UK The effect of polymer fine structure on synergistic interactions of Xanthan and Konjac Glucomannan Aline Barbat, Harry van der Hijden Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Netherland Physico chemical characterization of tomato fibres Miha Devetak 1, Nejc Skoporc 2, Martin Rigler 2, Zdenka Peršin 3, Irena Drevenšek Olenik 2,4, Miran Mozetič 1, Karin Stana Kleinschek 1,3 1 CO PoliMaT, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia; 4 Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Modification of optical birefringence of regenerated cellulose fibres due to the absorbed water Jacek K. Dutkiewicz Buckeye Technologies Inc., University of Bielsko Biała, Institute of Bipolymers and Chemical Fibers Some Told and Untold Stories about Practical Benefits of Most Abundant Polysaccharides Heike M.A. Ehmann1,2, Karin Stana Kleinschek1, Volker Ribitsch2 1 University Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia; 2 Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Austria Challenges during the structural characterisation of aqueous cellulose nanowhisker solutions with scattering methods Hossam E. Emam, Avinash P. Manian, Barbora Široká and Thomas Bechtold Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Dornbirn, Austria Complexation of copper ion with cellulose in presence of ligand Robert Farr and Rob Groot Unilever R&D, Colworth House, UK Of oranges and mayonnaise: the mathematics of packing spheres 11 12

7 CONTENT LECTURE Ludmila C. Fidale, Paulo M. Lima Jr., Lucas M. A. Hortêncio, Paulo A. R. Pires, Omar A. El Seoud, Thomas Heinze Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany Employing perichromism for probing the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose films: An expedient, accurate method for the determination of the degree of substitution of the biopolymer Taha Genco a, Lidija Fras Zemljič b, Katrin Petzold Welcke a, Matej Bračič b, Karin Stana Kleinschek b, Thomas Heinze a a Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; b Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Slovenia Amino cellulose sulfate; optimization of the synthesis pathway and studying of the physicochemical behaviour Fuad Hajji 1, J.R. Mitchell 2, T.J. Foster 1 1 The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; 2 Biopolymer Solutions Ltd., UK Structure kinetic Relationship Analysis of Starch and Cellulose Nagamani Koganti, J.R. Mitchell, J.R and T.J. Foster The University of Nottingham, UK Influence of the type of non solvent on the kinetics of coagulation and the properties of regenerated cellulose structures Martin R. Kulterer 1, Victoria E. Reichel 1, Phillipp Nothdurft 1, Rupert Kargl 1, Stefan Köstler 2, Velina Sarbova 3, Thomas Heinze 3, Karin Stana Kleinschek 4, Volker Ribitsch 1,2 1 Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry and CePoL, Nawi Graz, Austria; 2 Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria; 3 Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Kompetenzzentrum Polysaccharidforschung, Jena; 4 University of Maribor, Slovenia In situ synthesis of composite polysaccharide nanoparticles and possible applications Olga Kuzmina 1, Thomas Heinze 2, Dariusz Wawro 1 1 Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibers, Lodz, Poland; 2 Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany Dissolution of polysaccharide blends in ionic liquids

8 CONTENT LECTURE Björn Lindman, Tommy Nylander, Maria Miguel and Lennart Piculell Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal Ionic polysaccharides, solubility, interactions with surfactants, particle formation, and deposition John Mitchell Biopolymer Solutions Ltd, UK The polysaccharide literature: a journal editor s perspective Alexis Paul, Alois Popp Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Xanthan Gelation Uttam C. Paul, Avinash P. Manian, Barbora Široká and Thomas Bechtold Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria Modification of Cellulose with Fe (III) Polysaccharide Complexes and Two Stages Fe (III)/Polysaccharide Application Technique Luciano Pighinelli, Darius Wawro Institute for Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres (IBWCh), Poland Chitosan Fibres Modified with HAp/B TCP Nanoparticles Antje Potthast University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Advanced characterization of polysaccharides Victoria E. Reichel a, Martin R. Kulterer a, Rupert Kargl a, Karin Stana Kleinschek b, Günther Koraimann c, Volker Ribitsch a a Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria; b University Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia; c Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), Austria Testing antimicrobial properties of polysaccharide structured model surfaces Michael Schöbitz 1,2, Thomas Heinze 1, Frank Meister 2 1 Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Kompetenzzentrum Polysaccharidforschung, Germany; 2 Thüringisches Institut für Textil und Kunststoff Forschung e.v., Rudolstadt, Germany Preparation of Dendronized Cellulose and Subsequent Coating on PET Films

9 CONTENT LECTURE Katrin Schwikal 1, Alexander Deutschle 2, Frank Meister 1, Bodo Saake 2 1 Centre of Competence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena / TITKRudolstadt, Germany; 2 Institute of Wood Technology and Wood Biology, Johann Heinrich von Thuenen Institute, Hamburg, Germany Some aspects of xylan use in paper industry Per Stenius Professor emeritus, Department of Forest Products Technology, Helsinki University of Technology /Aalto University/ Sweden Surface chemistry of cellulosic fibres Antonio Sullo and Tim Foster The University of Nottingham, UK Self association of 3 O ethyl propyl cellulose ethers. The importance of substituents ratio Tamilselvan Mohan 1, Rupert Kargl 2, Aleš Doliška 1, Heike M. A. Ehmann 1,2 Volker Ribitsch 2 and Karin Stana Kleinschek 1 1 Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Slovenia; 2 Institute of Chemistry, Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria; Regenerated Cellulose Model Films from Trimethylsilyl Cellulose: Effect of Regeneration, Heat Treatment, and Stability Nicoleta Terinte 1, G. Zuckerstätter 2 and K. C. Schuster 1 1 Lenzing AG, Austria; 2 Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Linz, Austria Signal Assignment in Cellulose II 13C CP MAS NMR Spectra Through Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE) Loredana N. Todi a, F. Wendler a, F. Meister b, T. Heinze c a Ostthüringische Materialprüfgesellschaft für Textil und Kunststoffe (OMPG); b ThüringischesInstitut für Textil und Kunststoff Forschung e.v., Rudolstadt; c Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Kompetenzzentrum Polysaccharidforschung, Germany Investigation of the Influence of Heavy Metals upon the Thermal Stability of Cellulose/IL System Svetlana Troshenkova, Waclaw Tomaszewski Institute for Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres (IBWCh), Poland Electrospinning and modified melt blowing techniques for producing cellulose fibers 34 35

10 CONTENT LECTURE Loan Thi To Vo, Barbora Široká, Avinash P. Manian, Thomas Bechtold Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria Scientific concept for thermal processing of cellulosic materials Yunhui Wang, Andreas Koschella, Thomas Heinze Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany Regiochemistry of cellulose : a mini review Nikolaus Wellner Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK Analysing multicomponent systems with chemometrics Frank Wendler, Birgit Kosan, Thomas Schulze, Frank Meister Thuringian Institute for Textile and Plastics Research, Breitscheidstr. 97, D Rudolstadt, Germany Quality requirements of the dry wet spinning process analysis of raw materials, solutions and fibers Cintia S. P. Zarth 1, Lidija F. Zemljič 2, Matej Bračič 2, Annett Pfeifer 1, Karin S. Kleinschek 2, Thomas Heinze 1 1 Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; 2 University of Maribor, Slovenia Stability study of water soluble cationic cellulose derivatives with/without tertiary amino groups

11 CONTENT POSTER S 41 Mojca Božič, Selestina Gorgieva, Vanja Kokol University of Maribor, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Maribor, Slovenia Laccase mediated functionalisation of chitosan by caffeic and gallic acids for modulate antioxidant and antimicrobial properties Diana Ciolacu 1,2, Selestina Gorgieva 1, Daniel Tampu 2, Vanja Kokol 1 1 University of Maribor, Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Slovenia; 2 Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania Enzymatic hydrolysis of different allomorphic forms of microcrystalline cellulose Aleš Doliška 1, Stefan Willför 3, Simona Strnad 1, Volker Ribitsch 2, Karin Stana Kleinschek 1, Patrik Eklund 4, Chunlin Xu 3,5 1 University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovenia; 2 University of Graz, Institute for Chemistry, Austria; 3 Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Finland; 4 Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Finland; 5 Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, School of Biotechnology, Sweden Antithrombotic properties of sulphated wood derived galactoglucomannans Gerald Findenig 1, Rupert Kargl 1, Aleš Doliška 2, Karin Stana Kleinschek 2, Volker Ribitsch 1 1 Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Austria; 2 University Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovenia Surface Modification of Biopolymer Films using Functional Polyelectrolyte/ Clay Multilayers Selestina Gorgieva and Vanja Kokol University of Maribor, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Maribor, Slovenia Formulation of new dual responsive cellulose based hydrogels for cotton knitwear functionalization Rupert Kargl a, Tamilselvan Mohan b, Martin Kulterer a, Karin Tradt a, Aleš Doliška b, Stefan Köstler c, Karin Stana Kleinschek b, and Volker Ribitsch a a Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Austria; b University Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovenia; c Joanneum Research, MATERIALS Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Graz, Austria Interaction Of Carboxymethyl Cellulose With Polymeric Thin Films Studied With A Quartz Crystal Microbalance

12 CONTENT POSTER S Z. Peršin 1,2,3, T. Maver 1,2, K. Stana Kleinschek 1,2,3 1 Institute for Engineering materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia; 2 Centre of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies (CO PoliMaT), Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3 Member of the European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence Study of in vitro release of ibuprofen as a function of wound dressing material Ivana Tatarova 1, Silvo Hribernik 2, Karin Stana Kleinschek 2, Thomas Heinze 3, Jens Schaller 4, Volker Ribitsch 1 1 Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Graz, Austria; 2 University Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia; 3 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Jena, Germany; 4 Thuringian Institute of Textile and Plastics Research e.v., Rudolstadt, Germany New method of nanoparticle stabilization employing natural polysaccharides Karin Tradt1, Martin R. Kulterer1, Victoria E. Reichel1, Tamilselvan Mohan2, Rupert Kargl1, Karin Stana Kleinschek2, Volker Ribitsch1 1 University Graz, Institute of Chemistry, CePoL Central Polymer Lab, NAWI Graz, Austria; 2 University of Maribor, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Maribor, Slovenia Controlled layer by layer assembly of Chitosan and Carboxymethyl cellulose onto Cellulose Acetate supports: Influence of the ph in the absence of salt LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 52

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14 PROGRAMME TUESDAY, September 20, :30 09:00 Welcome Address Chairs: H. E. E. Soliman, A. Barbat 09:00 09:45 Prof. Antje Potthast, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria; Advanced characterization of polysaccharides 09:45 10:05 Olga Kuzmina, IBWCh, Poland, Dissolution of polysaccharide blends in ionic liquids 10:05 10:25 Luciano Pighinelli, IBWCh, Poland, Chitosan fibres modified with HAp/B TCP nanoparticles Chairs: M. Tamilselvan, L. Todi 11:00 11:45 Dr. Nikolaus Wellner, Institute of Food Research, UK, Analysing multicomponent systems with chemometrics 11:45 12:05 Dr. Ludmila C. Fidale, FSU Jena, Germany, Employing perichromism for probing the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose films: An expedient, accurate method for the determination of the degree of substitution of the biopolymer 12:05 12:25 Victoria E. Reichel, University of Graz, Austria, Testing antimicrobial properties of polysaccharide structured model surfaces Chairs: O. Kuzmina, L. Pighinelli 13:30 14:15 Prof. Per Stenius, Aalto University, Sweden, Surface chemistry of cellulosic fibres 14:15 14:35 Heike Ehmann, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Challenges during the structural characterisation of aqueous cellulose nanowhisker solutions with scattering methods 14:35 14:55 Antonio Sullo, University of Nottingham, UK, Self association of 3 O ethyl propyl cellulose ethers. The importance of substituents ratio Chairs: S. Troshenkova, T. Genco 15:30 15:50 Yunhui Wang, FSU Jena, Germany, Regiochemistry of cellulose: a mini review 15:50 16:10 Dr. Alexis Paul, Unilever, The Netherlands, Xanthan gelation 16:10 16:30 Dr. Miha Devetak, CO PoliMaT, Slovenia, Modification of optical birefringence of regenerated cellulose fibres due to the absorbed water 1

15 PROGRAMME 16:30 16:50 Nicoleta Terinte, Lenzing AG, Austria, Signal assignment in cellulose II 13C CP MAS NMR spectra through paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) 16:50 17:10 Dr. Katrin Schwikal, Centre of Competence for PolysaccharideResearch, FSU Jena/TITK, Germany, Some aspects of xylan use in paper industry 17:10 18:00 Researchers Committee Meeting Internal meeting for STEP ITN ESRs and ERs WEDNESDAY, September 21, 2011 Chairs: N. Koganti, A. Paul 09:00 09:45 Prof. Jacek K. Dutkiewicz, Buckeye Technologies Inc., USA, Some told and untold stories about practical benefits of most abundant polysaccharides 09:45 10:05 Michael Schöbitz, FSU Jena/TITK, Germany, Preparation of dendronized cellulose and subsequent coating on PET films 10:05 10:25 Loan T. T. Vo, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Scientific concept for thermal processing of cellulosic materials Chairs: L. Fidale, A. Abbaszadeh 11:00 11:45 Dr. Robert Farr, Unilever, The Netherlands, Of oranges and mayonnaise: the mathematics of packing spheres 11:45 12:05 Cintia S. P. Zarth, FSU Jena, Germany, Stability study of water soluble cationic cellulose derivatives with/without tertiary amino groups 12:05 12:25 Martin R. Kulterer, University of Graz, Austria, In situ synthesis of composite polysaccharide nanoparticles and possible applications Chairs: N. Terinte, A. Sullo 13:30 14:15 Prof. Björn Lindman, Lund University, Sweden, Ionic polysaccharides, solubility, interactions with surfactants, particle formation, and deposition 14:15 14:35 Dr. Aline Barbat, Unilever, The Netherlands, Physico chemical characterization of tomato fibres 14:35 14:55 Hossam E. E. Soliman, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Complexation of copper ion with cellulose in presence of ligand 2

16 PROGRAMME Chairs: C. Zarth, U. Paul 15:30 15:50 Mohan Tamilselvan, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Regenerated cellulose model films from trimethylsilyl cellulose: Effect of regeneration, heat treatment, and stability 15:50 16:10 Loredana N. Todi, OMPG, Germany, Investigation of the influence of heavy metals upon the thermal stability of cellulose/il system 16:10 16:30 Dr. Svetlana Troshenkova, IBWCh, Poland, Electrospinning and modified melt blowing techniques for producing cellulose fibers 16:30 16:50 Nagamani Koganti, University of Nottingham, UK, Influence of the type of non solvent on the kinetics of coagulation and the properties of regenerated cellulose structures 16:50 18:00 POSTER SESSION THURSDAY, September 22, 2011 Chairs: L. T. T. Vo, Y. Wang 09:00 09:45 Dr. Frank Wendler, TITK, Germany, Quality requirements of the dry wet spinning process analysis of raw materials, solutions and fibers 09:45 10:05 Fuad Hajji, University of Nottingham, UK, Structure kinetic relationship analysis of starch and cellulose 10:05 10:25 Uttam C. Paul, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Modification of cellulose with Fe (III) polysaccharide complexes and two stages Fe (III)/ polysaccharide application technique Chairs: F. Hajji, H. Ehmann 11:00 11:45 Prof. John R. Mitchell, Biopolymer Solutions Ltd, UK, The polysaccharide literature: a journal editor s perspective 11:45 12:05 Taha Genco, FSU Jena, Germany/University of Maribor, Slovenia, Amino cellulose sulfate; optimization of the synthesis pathway and studying of the physicochemical behaviour 12:05 12:25 Amir H. Abbaszadeh, University of Nottingham, UK, The effect of polymer fine structure on synergistic interactions of xanthan and konjac glucomannan 15:00 17:30 UNIVERSITY OF MARIBOR VISIT 3

17 PROGRAMME FRIDAY, September 23, :00 12:00 Internal meeting of STEP ITN (Executive and Supervisory Board) 13:30 17:00 TOSAMA VISIT 4

18 LECTURE S 5

19 LECTURE S The effect of polymer fine structure on synergistic interactions of Xanthan and Konjac Glucomannan Amir Hossein Abbaszadeh, Tim J Foster The University of Nottingham, UK This work studies different factors influencing both xanthan conformation and its interaction with Konjac glucomannan (KGM); such as salinity, acetate and pyruvate level; concentration; ph. Generally speaking the factors increase the helix coil transition temperature, Tm, like salinity, acidity and the reducing the pyruvate level which decrease the gel strength in the interaction with KGM. Although decreasing the acetate level in xanthan decreases the Tm, it does not show increasing effect on gel strength in mixture with (KGM) and this is not in agreement with some previous work. The interesting results on rheometry and some micro DSC tests lead us to demonstrate a new model for interaction of xanthan with co synergist. 6

20 LECTURE S Physico chemical characterization of tomato fibres Aline Barbat, Harry van der Hijden Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Polysaccharides are renewable materials that have remarkable properties like structuring properties and have been widely used in the food industry. Unfortunately, highly purified, these polymers get an E number, which is negatively perceived by the consumer. However these polysaccharides that could be pectins, cellulose or hemicelluloses can be found in plant cell wall in their native form. These fibres could be used for instance to structure food products. We focused our work on tomato, one of the most important crop consumed in the world. The aim of this work is to study the chemical composition of tomato fibres. 7

21 LECTURE S Modification of optical birefringence of regenerated cellulose fibres due to the absorbed water Miha Devetak 1, Nejc Skoporc 2, Martin Rigler 2, Zdenka Peršin 3, Irena Drevenšek Olenik 2,4, Miran Mozetič 1, Karin Stana Kleinschek 1,3 1 CO PoliMaT, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia; 4 Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana,Slovenia Cellulose fibres are an important piece of a puzzle in paper and textile industry,chemical technology and construction. Raw and regenerated cellulose fibres are often used in medical and sanitary materials, such as linings, bandages, and tampons. The textile cellulose fibres exhibit a very high level of crystallinity, however, they do possess amorphous regions that provide the accessibility to hydroxyl groups. This reflects in the high hydrophilicity, which makes them a perfect candidate for medical purposes. The water absorption/binding process is difficult to observe directly. Therefore, indirect methods for such monitoring are used. We focused on the analysis of optical birefringence as a consequence of water absorption. We used normal optical microscopy and complemented it with optical polarization microscopy. First, the geometrical properties of raw and plasma regenerated viscose fibres before and after being introduced to water were measured and compared. The comparison was made between raw viscose fibres and oxygen plasma regenerated viscose fibres. Image analysis of the wetting process indicates that the plasma treatment increases the wetting process velocity by a factor of 2. Such fibres are more susceptible to the water adsorption and are more suitable for applications that require fast wetting characteristic in comparison to the raw fibres. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Slovenia (Grant number ). 8

22 LECTURE S Some Told and Untold Stories about Practical Benefits of Most Abundant Polysaccharides Jacek K. Dutkiewicz Buckeye Technologies Inc., University of Bielsko Biała, Institute of Bipolymers and Chemical Fibers First part of the lecture tells about the diverse role of cellulose in personal hygiene composites: as an engineered body fluid handling component, a green alternative to synthetic superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and as a carrier of various functional agents to control rate of fluid absorption, eliminate SAP gel blocking and reduce odor. A brief review of other green alternatives to synthetic SAP s are also given with focus on starch and chitin. Antimicrobial properties of some chitin derivatives are additional benefit for personal hygiene. These materials can be used in various forms such as coatings and absorbent particles. Last part of the presentation contains information about certain unique properties of chitin derivatives which can be utilized in the medical area. Potential applications involve anticoagulant coatings and anticoagulant carriers in the form of polyelectrolyte complex membranes and filaments. 9

23 LECTURE S Challenges during the structural characterisation of aqueous cellulose nanowhisker solutions with scattering methods Heike M.A. Ehmann 1,2, Karin Stana Kleinschek 1, Volker Ribitsch 2 1 University Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia; 2 Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Austria The outer shapes of cellulose nanoparticles prepared via acid hydrolysis are referred to be rod, sphere or network like structures, depending on the preparation method. Orts et.al. reported, that for rod like cellulose nanoparticles a tighter packing can be achieved by the chiral interaction of the twisted rods. With small angle x ray scattering techniques (SAXS) it s possible to characterise the shape and the size of colloidal suspensions in the nm range. The radius of gyration is one of the most important parameters in the field of small angle scattering (SAS). It can be determined directly via the so called Guinier Plot and the extrapolation to zero scattering intensity. It has been reported that the Guinier plot of the scattering curve of cellulose nanoparticles shows no linear region in the Q range for monodispers cylinders. This indicates that a more sophisticated model has to be taken into account to evaluate the structural relations of aqueous cellulose nanoparticle solutions. With SAXS the outer shape can get obtained for diluted systems via Indirect Fourier Transformation (IFT), where particle interactions are negligible. With IFT it s possible to calculate the distance distribution function in real space without any model approaches. For interacting systems, like the charged cellulose nanoparticles, the Generalized IFT (GIFT) technique can be used to determine the shape and the size distribution function. But even with this method it s a challenge to characterize the aqueous cellulose dispersion. This is due to the fact that the electron density of cellulose and water are nearly the same. This results in a bad contrast. Also the nano whiskers seem to be smaller than in contrast with dynamic light scattering measurements. In this work different model approaches have been used, to determine the inner and outer shape relations of the cellulose nanoparticle aggregates. 10

24 LECTURE S Complexation of copper ion with cellulose in presence of ligand Hossam E. Emam, Avinash P. Manian, Barbora Široká and Thomas Bechtold Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Dornbirn, Austria. Sorption of copper by cellulose in the presence of sodium D gluconate (DGL) as ligand was studied in the ph range Sorption mechanism can be explained by ligand exchange reaction between DGL and cellulose due to the structural similarity of the complex forming sites. Complex formation in the cellulose matrix depends on solution ph. The higher copper uptake was observed at ph 6 and 13. Species distribution in the solution was calculated using literature data for formation constants of Cu2+ gluconate complexes. The main species present in solution are [Cu2DGL2H 3] at ph 6 and [CuDGLH 3]2 at ph 13. Copper uptake was limited by carboxyl content of cellulosic materials. Both species present in solution and carboxyl content appear the influence on the uptake capacity. 11

25 LECTURE S Of oranges and mayonnaise: the mathematics of packing spheres Robert Farr and Rob Groot Unilever R&D, Colworth House, UK Many systems of technological interest are particulate or colloidal in nature: granular materials, slurries and emulsions being good examples. Sometimes, the particles can be approximated as spherical, and under certain circumstances the rheological and other physical properties depend on the packing behaviour of these constituent particles. We discuss packing of spheres in general, and present a mathematical approach for estimating the maximum close packing fraction for any distribution of sphere sizes, first published in [J.Chem. Phys, 131(24) (2009)]. 12

26 LECTURE S Employing perichromism for probing the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose films: An expedient, accurate method for the determination of the degree of substitution of the biopolymer Ludmila C. Fidale, Paulo M. Lima Jr., Lucas M. A. Hortêncio, Paulo A. R. Pires, Omar A. El Seoud, Thomas Heinze Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany The properties of films of carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC, of different degree of substitution, DS, have been determined by the use of perichromic indicators (probes). The film properties that have been determined are: empirical polarity, ET(33), acidity, α, basicity, β, and dipolarity/polarizability, π*. This has been achieved with aid of the following perichromic indicators (probes): 4 nitroaniline, 4 nitroanisole, 4 nitro N,N dimethylaniline, and 2,6 dichloro 4 (2,4,6 triphenyl pyridinium 1 yl) phenolate, WB. The correlations between both ET(33) or π* and DS were found to be linear; that between β and DS is a second order polynomial; no obvious correlation was found between α and DS. The polarities of CMC films are in the range of those of butanols. As models for CMC, we have employed cellulose plus CMC of high DS; oxidized cellulose with DS = 0.5; sodium glucuronate. The former model behaved akin to CMC, but the plots of the perichromic properties versus DS had different slopes/intercepts. FTIR data and molecular dynamics calculations on the solvation of WB have shown that this difference can be traced to more efficient hydrogen bonding between the film of the model and the probe. This affects the perichromic response of the latter, leading to different responses to the variation of DS. Based on the excellent linear correlation between ET(33) and DS, for CMC from different origins, we suggest that perichromism is a simple, accurate, and expedient alternative for the determination of DS. 13

27 LECTURE S Amino cellulose sulfate; optimization of the synthesis pathway and studying of the physicochemical behaviour Taha Genco a, Lidija Fras Zemljič b, Katrin Petzold Welcke a, Matej Bračič b, Karin Stana Kleinschek b, Thomas Heinze a a Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany b Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Slovenia The synthesis pathway for amino cellulose sulfates (ACS) was developed and thephysicochemical behavior with emphasis on the charging behavior for 6 deoxy 6 amino cellulose sulfates, namely for 6 deoxy 6 (2 (bis(2 aminoethyl) aminoethyl amino) cellulose sulfate (BAECS, DSSulf ~1.2, DSTAEA~0.70, DSTosyl~ 0.06) and 6 deoxy 6 (2 aminoethyl) cellulose sulfate (AECS, DSSulf ~1.3, DSDAE ~0.80, DSTosyl~ 0.07) were studied by potentiometric, conductometric, and polyelectrolyte titrations. The amount of protonated amino groups was determined by conductometric titration. Polyelectrolyte titration was used to examine the charging/discharging behavior of amino cellulose sulfates as a function of ph value. The amino groups are fully deprotonated at ph 11, whilst the sulfate moieties are fully dissociated at this ph value. Zeta potential measurements support the results obtained by titrations. 14

28 LECTURE S Structure kinetic Relationship Analysis of Starch and Cellulose Fuad Hajji 1, J.R. Mitchell 2, T.J. Foster 1 1 The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; 2 Biopolymer Solutions Ltd., United Kingdom. Our previous studies have shown ball milled induced cold melting of native cellulose promotes its susceptibility to thermo mechanical processing, using an extrusion cooking process. Although the results are promising with respect to novel ways of imparting new techno functionalities without resorting to chemistry, further work is required to analyse the phase transitions taking place in the process, related to model conditions, where relative humidity and temperature show cellulose recrystallization with time. Therefore, the objective of this work was to measure and understand in detail, how moisture content, crystallization time, polysaccharide type, and molecular weight, those parameters controlling the phase transitions in amorphous biopolymers to create new shaped biomaterials with tailored properties. For this purpose, different mechanically disrupted native cellulose and starch were used and resulting structure kinetic relationships will be discussed and presented to the audience. 15

29 LECTURE S Influence of the type of non solvent on the kinetics of coagulation and the properties of regenerated cellulose structures Nagamani Koganti, J.R. Mitchell, J.R and T.J. Foster The University of Nottingham, UK The properties of the cellulose based structures are largely influenced by the level of cellulose crystallinity. The microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of the regenerated cellulose containing structures depend on the polysaccharide orientation in the solution and the coagulation conditions of cellulose solvent systems. The current work includes control the cellulose molecular conformation in solution by varying the molecular weight and the type of solvent and studying the regeneration kinetics of cellulose NMMO solution alone and in the presence of a second polysaccharide, in different types of nonsolvents like water, ethanol, acetic acid, etc. This then enables us to understand the influence of such parameters to control the crystalline molecular conformation of regenerated cellulose. A consequence of controlling structure orientation may influence the mechanical, thermal properties and the water binding capacity of regenerated cellulose structures, and work will be presented to indicate such control. 16

30 LECTURE S In situ synthesis of composite polysaccharide nanoparticles and possible applications Martin R. Kulterer 1, Victoria E. Reichel 1, Phillipp Nothdurft 1, Rupert Kargl 1, Stefan Köstler 2, Velina Sarbova 3, Thomas Heinze 3, Karin Stana Kleinschek 4, Volker Ribitsch 1,2 1 Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry and CePoL, Nawi Graz, Austria; 2 Joanneum Research, Materials, Graz, Austria; 3 Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Kompetenzzentrum Polysaccharidforschung, Jena; 4 University of Maribor, Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Maribor, Slovenia Polysaccharides (PS) are renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymers comprising a huge chemical and structural variability. PS are used for the preparation of many different nanoparticle systems. The applicability is often limited by their hydrophilicity, which does not allow the entrapment of active hydrophobic substances. Hydrophobic particles can be generated from cellulose acetate, but their applicability is often limited by the hydrophobic nature of the NP surface which lacks reactive functional groups. We present here a new way to generate composite polysaccharide nanoparticles in situ from cellulose acetate and a variable hydrophilic functional polysaccharide. The particles were prepared analogous to a recently published nanoprecipitation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, polyelectrolyte titration, electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using amino cellulose, low molecular weight chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose, we generated composite nanoparticles of different surface properties and charges. Investigating the influence of ph and ionic strength on the nanoparticle effective zeta potential and size gave insights in the particle surface properties. In addition we demonstrated that the composite nanoparticles can be utilized for the entrapment of hydrophobic substances like drugs or dyes and the design of nanostructured, functional surfaces. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under grant agreement n

31 LECTURE S Dissolution of polysaccharide blends in ionic liquids Olga Kuzmina 1, Thomas Heinze 2, Dariusz Wawro 1 1 Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibers, Lodz, Poland; 2 Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany The cellulose/chitosan blends were produced with ionic liquids (ILs) 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium acetate and 1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium acetate. There are two ways to produce cellulose/chitosan blends with ILs: separately dissolution of polymers in the same solvent and blending of these solutions; polymers blending and simultanioulsy dissolution of in IL. It was found that ILs can t dissolve chitosan directly, but chitosan, especially microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh), could be dissolved in acid media. Thus after a measurement of ph of IL/water solutions the most acid solution was chosen for chitosan dissolution. The water content in produced chitosan/il/water solution was too high for it blending with cellulose/il solution. Water will precipitate cellulose from its solution at mixing. Thus water should be removed from the chitosan/il/water solution. The results of chitosan/il system and cellulose/il solution blending are described in the presentation. From the other hand at simultaniously mixing of components of cellulose/chitosan/il system the solutions with 5 wt% of polymer content could be easily obtained at heating at 110 C during 4 h. The cellulose/chitosan films were produced from the studied solutions and their properties were analyzed. The perspective of using Ils for preparation of chitosan/cellulose blends is conclude. The research presented received funding from the European Community s Seventh Framework Program [FP7/ ] under grant agreement No. PITNGA

32 LECTURE S Ionic polysaccharides, solubility, interactions with surfactants, particle formation, and deposition Björn Lindman, Tommy Nylander, Maria Miguel and Lennart Piculell Physical Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, Sweden and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Coimbra, Portugal Both cationic and anionic polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives have broad applications. Here we consider various physico chemical aspects of this class of compounds. We review solubility properties, emphasizing the role of electrostatic effects. We also discuss for comparison nonionic polysaccharides, taking the controversial case of cellulose and cellulose derivatives as an illustration. Thereafter we address mixed solutions, in particular the effects of various cosolutes on the solubility and other physico chemical properties. A particular emphasis is given to mixed polysaccharide surfactant systems ubiquitous in industrial formulations. A review of the underlying polymer surfactant association in bulk is given. While ionic surfactants bind broadly to polymers, nonionics only do so if the polymer has a lower polarity and can interact by hydrophobic interactions. Water soluble polymers, which have hydrophobic groups, form physical cross links, hence their important use as thickeners. The rheological behaviour is strongly influenced by various cosolutes; especially strong effects are due to surfactants and both a decrease and an increase in viscosity can occur. This can be referred to mixed aggregate formation and a simple model is presented. When the polymer surfactant interactions are particularly strong, an associative phase separation can occur; this and other types of phase separation phenomena are described. Except for linear ionic and nonionic polymers, the interactions between surfactants and cross linked polymers, microgel particles and covalent macroscopic gels, are analyzed, as well as the possibility of forming gel particles of interest for encapsulation purposes. It is found convenient for both polymer surfactant and polymer polymer systems to form gel particles, the size of which can cover the range from millimeters to below micrometers. 19

33 LECTURE S Furthermore, the behavior of these mixed systems on surfaces is discussed. In particular, we consider the adsorption of mixtures of ionic polymers and oppositely charged surfactants on polar and nonpolar surfaces. Depending on concentration, an ionic surfactant can either induce additional polyion adsorption or induce desorption. Kinetic control of adsorption and, in particular, desorption is typical. Important consequences of this include an increased adsorption on rinsing and path dependent adsorbed layers. It is argued that phase separation phenomena give an excellent basis for controlled deposition of polysaccharides onto different types of surfaces. 20

34 LECTURE S The polysaccharide literature: a journal editor s perspective John Mitchell Biopolymer Solutions Ltd, UK Getting papers published is now regarded one of the most important objectives of research. How to write papers for publication has already been covered in a previous STEP meeting. This current presentation will consider: What happens to a paper after it is submitted? Plagiarism and other ethical considerations Impact and H factors; what are they and are they important? What can the volume of the polysaccharide literature tell us about trends in polysaccharide research? The research paper of the future The use of the literature to select research providers 21

35 LECTURE S Xanthan Gelation Alexis Paul, Alois Popp Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Xanthan gum is a water soluble extracellular polysaccharide and an important industrial biopolymer. As a polyelectrolyte, its solution behaviour is influenced by the presence of salt. Xanthan is often used as a thickening agent, forming liquid crystalline phases in the absence of salt or random polymer networks solutions of low elasticity upon salt addition. Here, we report for the first time formation of highly elastic gels of xanthan, enabled by the presence of the monovalent salt sodium thiocyanate. Influence of biopolymer concentrations and ionic strength on rheological behaviour has been investigated for this salt. We conclude that this specific behaviour can not be achieved by other salts. Also, possible effects of sodium thiocyanate upon gelation in mixed xanthan containing systems are discussed. 22

36 LECTURE S Modification of Cellulose with Fe (III) Polysaccharide Complexes and Two Stages Fe (III) /Polysaccharide Application Technique Uttam C. Paul, Avinash P. Manian, Barbora Široká and Thomas Bechtold Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria Fe (III) alginate complex was prepared in aqueous solution. The Fe (III), alginate, and the corresponding Fe (III) alginate complex solution was analyzed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) method for Fe (III) and alginate determination. Modification of cellulosic viscose (CV) fabric by using Fe (III) alginate complex solution and two stages Fe (III) / alginate deposition was done by padding and neutralization of the demineralised CV fabric. The modified cellulosic CV fabric is characterized by AAS, COD, Fourier transform infrared spectra attenuated total reflectance (FTIR ATR), tensile strength, abrasion resistance, shrinkage, water retention value, moisture content, ESEM etc. 23

37 LECTURE S Chitosan Fibres Modified with HAp/B TCP Nanoparticles Luciano Pighinelli, Darius Wawro Institute for Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres (IBWCh), Poland This work describes a method for preparing chitosan fibres modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp), tricalcium phosphate (β TCP), and HAp/β TCP nanoparticles. Fibregrade chitosan derived from the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and nanoparticles of tricalcium phosphate (β TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) suspended in a diluted chitosan solution were used in the investigation. Diluted chitosan solution containing nanoparticles of Hap/ β TCP was introduced to a 5.16 wt% solution of chitosan in 3.0 wt% acetic acid. The properties of the spinning solutions were examined. Chitosan fibres modified with nanoparticles of HAp/β TCP were characterized by a level of tenacity and calcium content one hundred times higher than that of regular chitosan fibres. 24

38 LECTURE S Advanced characterization of polysaccharides Antje Potthast University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Cellulose as the most abundant polysaccharide on earth has recently undergone a new surge of interest as a key compound in biorefinery scenarios and as a renewable biopolymer. The need to thoroughly characterize celluloses of different origins and also other polysaccharides before and after certain modifications is evident and crucial for further processing steps and applications. Such analytics comprise the molecular weight distribution, functional group profiles and identification of accompanying substances. To gain such detailed information in addition to molecular weight parameters and conformation in solution, selective fluorescence labelling of functional groups, e.g. carbonyls or carboxyls, only present in the lower μmol/g scale, in combination with SEC MALLS analysis offers the best chance to better understand isolation, conversion, aging steps or distribution of by products. A central point in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of natural polymers is the dissolution step, since they are often not soluble in typical SEC solvents without derivatization. DMAc / LiCl solvent systems offer an applicable and practicable solution in many cases. However, polysaccharides with high molecular weight and residual hemicelluloses, metal ions or lignin often require special treatments. Application of DMAc/LiCl for SEC of polysaccharides is a rather tedious activation step to achieve dissolution. This largely hampers the analysis of larger sample numbers as required in material screening or biorefinery studies. Celluloses from annual plants, bacteria, or woody sources behave differently during dissolution. The talk will review multi detector SEC of celluloses and communicate related recent results, the use of functional group profiles, and the application of the analytical data to in depth monitoring of different chemical modifications or processing steps of celluloses. Major influencing factors for the dissolution and means for improvements of cellulose dissolution and analytics will be discussed. 25

39 LECTURE S Testing antimicrobial properties of polysaccharide structured model surfaces Victoria E. Reichel a, Martin R. Kulterer a, Rupert Kargl a, Karin Stana Kleinschek b, Günther Koraimann c, Volker Ribitsch a a Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Chemistry, AT 8010 Graz, Heinrichstraße 28/III,Austria; b University Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SI 2000 Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, Slovenia; c Karl Franzens University Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), AT 8010 Graz, Humboldstraße 50/I, Austria Polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives are hence ideal materials for the design of biodegradable or biocompatible products, environmentally friendly, non toxic medical devices like implants or catheters and comprise of a huge chemical and structural variability. Their hydrophilic surfaces are less prone to the formation of biofilms, yet the prevention of these films is still necessary and a rapidly growing research field. The growth of bacteria on surfaces causes major problems in medicine and industry. Biofouling, for example, limits the lifetime of membranes and filters used in the water and food purification industry. Bacterial infections, which arise from medical implants, cause a considerable number of deaths and high medical costs. The growth behaviour of microorganisms on solids is usually investigated by time consuming and labour intensive plating techniques with limit reproducibility (e.g.: the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 2801:2000). The major problems of these tests are that they are subjective and often do not allow the analysis of organism growth directly on the surface of interest. Based on real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and a fluorescence kit for selective staining of dead or alive bacteria, we developed a novel method for testing antimicrobial properties of polysaccharide surfaces directly at the solid/liquid interface. Additionally, the formation of biofilms on the surface was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using this method, we investigated the growth of different E. coli strains on polysaccharide model surfaces such as chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose or cellulose acetate. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under grant agreement n