Polymer Chemistry - Ring-Opening-Polymerisation (ROP)
|
|
|
- Moris McBride
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Polymer Chemistry - Ring-Opening-Polymerisation (ROP)
2 Aims of this part: General Mechanism Polyesters from Ring-Opening Polymerisation Formation of Nylon 6 (and similar) Polymerisation of N-Carboxy-Anhydrids (NCAs) Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerisation Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) Radical Ring-Opening Polymerisation (RROP) Braun, Chedron, Rehann, Ritter, Voit Polymer Synthesis: Theory and Practice, Springer, 5 th Edition, Sections 3.2, 3.3 Lechner, Gehkre, Nordmeier, Makromolekulare Chemie, Springer, 5 th Edition, Sections 3.1, 3.2
3 Mechanism + Monomers: Overview on the method Initiator Living Polymerisation: Continuous growth of polymer Continuous growth of molecular weight Controlled polymerisation technique (low dispersity values) p Growth of Molecular Mass Chain growth For controlled polymersiation u
4 Polyesters - PCL ROP: Lactones give Polyesters of many molecular weights Poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) Anionic: Alcoholate opens first ring Continueation Cationic: Carbonyl-O attacks ring in Sn2 Reaction (rarely done) Enzymatically: Lipase (Candida antartica lipase B, CALB) = Novozym 435 (if immobilised on acrylic resin) Applications of PCL: Additive for Polyolefines (better colouring) Copolymer in drug delivery for time-delayed drug release Nanoparticles for the homopolymer, also for drug delivery PCL has a T g of 60 C hindering some applications. Introduction of PmCL
5 Polyamides Nylon 6 ROP: Lactames give polyamides Number of C-Atoms stated in name Poly-e-caprolactame = Nylon 6 Anionic: Deprotonated amide attacks the next ring Cationic: Carbonyl-O attacks ring in Sn2 Reaction (rarely done) High molecular weights possible, but transamidation shortens the polymer with ongoing reaction time. Reaction is seldomly complete, monomer always present Larger Ring equillibrium shifted towards the polymer Like other polymides, very important fibre material! Also technical material for foils and larger items then done in bulk in the final form (e.g. Propellers of ships)
6 NCA-Polymerisation Non-ionic ROP with the loss of CO 2 Monomers: N-Carboxy-Anhydrides (NCAs) Leuchs-anhydrides Phosgen commonly substituted by other CO source Nylon 2 (Name not used) Polypeptoid if R on nitrogen, H on carbon 1 carbon a-polypeptoid, 2 carbons b-polypeptoid Polypeptide if R on carbon, H on nitrogen Important for research on peptides and peptoids as well as synthetic homopolypeptides (pharmaceutical industry)
7 Group of Robert Luxenhofer, Uni Würzburg Polypeptoids Highly controlled reaction: Final amine can be re-used as macroinitiator Block-Copolymers and self-assembly Mn = Đ = 1.17 Macromolecules 2011, 44, ; Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 33, ; Scientific Reports, 2016, 6, 33491
8 Excursion: Solid Phase Synthesis Highly controlled reaction Monomers added (sub)sequentially Possible for Polypepoids (shown here) and Polypeptides Developed by R. Zuckermann, Berkley Block-co-oligopeptoids for self-assembly Mn = 1736 Đ = Low dispersity! Mass (Da)
9 Nucleophilic attac of cyclic ethers Polyether El electrophile (cationic), Nu nucleophile (anionic) H: PEG / PEO Poly-THF (long diol for PUR!) Me: PPG PEG is of high importance for the pharmaceutical industry: PEG is biocompatible but NOT biodegradable Prolonged circulation of proteins or drugs in the blood if decorated with PEG stealth effect Easily accessible and low dispersity (know what you have) Problem: PEG-antibodies have been reported PEG is still the most popular hydrophilic polymer
10 PEG in research PEG is the most prominent hydrophilic polymer in current biomedical research PEGylation has become its own term Screenshot from iris biotech (PEG provider): High use for block-copolymers initiators for all current polymerisation methods are commercially available in all lengths and with low dispersity What would be an alternative? Polysarcosin (Me-Polypeptoid), Polymethyloxazoline but not much more!
11 Cationic Ring Opening for Oxazolines Poly-2-oxazolines are quasi-polyamides Typical initiator: Tosylates, Triflates, Lewis acids, alkyl chloroformates Hydrophilicity depends on the side chain: Me Hydrophilic; Et, ipr amphiles/responsive (LCST), longer: hydrophobic Key information: PMOxa is FDA approved and as such widely applied Wide range of functionalization + application is possible Wide range of molecular weights can be reached (up to 250 kg/mol) Although FDA approved and versatile, no clinical application is known and bioconjugates are rarely researched upon
12 Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) Fabrication of aliphatic polymers with repeating trans double bonds in the main chain Mechanism: Catalysts: Grubbs I Schrock (also W) Grubbs II Chem. Rev. 2010, 110,
13 Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) Polymerisation tolerates functional units (OH, amines (lesser extent)) Stereocentres can be included in a specific way Some catalysts can induce homogeneous stereocentres Starting from an R/S mixture only one can polymerise! All catalysts have a different reactivity depending on metal centre / ligands Grubbs cat. Tolerates most ligands great variety in reactivity Hoyveda-Grubbs catalysts have Hoyveda-Grubbs II largest stability reported Chem. Rev. 2010, 110,
14 Radical Ring-Opening Polymerisation A polyester from a radical polymerisation! Cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) Accepted mechanism of the reaction X = OH (for CKAs) - formation of polyesters X = NH (for CKAAs) - formation of polyamides A. Tardy, J. Nicolas, D. Gigmes, C. Lefay and Y. Guillaneuf, Chem. Rev., 2017, DOI: /acs.chemrev.6b00319 S. Agarwal, Polym. Chem., 2010, 1, W. J. Bailey, Z. Ni and S. R. Wu, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 1982, 20,
15 Radical Ring-Opening Polymerisation Monomer Synthesis: Route choice depending on monomer Known monomers
16 Summary Polyesters and Polyamides can also be made via ROP. Nylon 6 and PCL are important examples. NCA-Polymerisation gives Polypeptides and Polypeptoids. Is a highly controlled polymerisation technique that involves no ions. Oligomers of this kind can be reached very clean in solid phase synthesis. ROP of cyclic ethers gives PEG (besides others). PEG is a highly important biomedical polymer (biostable, biocompatible) Polyoxazolines are quasi-polyamides. (Amide in sidechain) Hydrophobicity can be tuned by length of side chain Metathesis polymerisation yields polyolefins with double bond Catalyst can be made tolerant towards a number of reactive groups Radical Ring-Opening Polymerisation yields a polyester, but can tolerate nucleophilic side groups
Polymer Chemistry. Radical Polymerisation
Polymer Chemistry Radical Polymerisation Aims of this part: Monomers for Radical Polymerisation Free Radical Polymerisation PS and PMMA and their applications Controlled Radical Polymerisation Emulsion
Polymer Chemistry - Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications
Polymer Chemistry - Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications Lectures every Thursday, 16:15 18:00 Small PC Lecture Hall Exceptions: 13.04.2017 (before Easter) 04.05.2017 asic Infos: Contact Dr. Jens
- Overview of polymeriza1on catalysis
- verview of polymeriza1on catalysis Different coordina-on polymeriza-on mechanisms: RP, RMP, (meth)acrylate polymeriza6on, olefin polymeriza6on. Different catalysts: Metal- based catalysts, organic catalysts
1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Chemistry (A-level)
1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Electrophoresis (Chapter 27): Chemistry (A-level) Electrophoresis: the separation of charged particles by their different rates of movement in
Isomerism and Carbonyl Compounds
Isomerism and Carbonyl Compounds 18 Section B Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 7 Esters have many important commercial uses such as solvents and artificial flavourings in foods. Esters can
Lecture 4 Chapter 13 - Polymers. Functional Groups Condensation Rxns Free Radical Rxns
Lecture 4 Chapter 13 - Polymers Functional Groups Condensation Rxns Free Radical Rxns Chemistry the whole year on one page Last semester Basic atomic theory Stoichiometry, balancing reactions Thermodynamics
Repeated insertion. Multiple insertion leads to dimerization, oligomerization or polymerization. κ 1: mainly dimerization κ
Repeated insertion ultiple insertion leads to dimerization, oligomerization or polymerization. k prop Et Key factor: k CT / k prop = κ κ 1: mainly dimerization κ 0.1-1.0: oligomerization (always mixtures)
2A - Amines. 2 H atoms replaced: 2 attached C's to N. 3 H atom replaced: 3 attached C's to N Ammonia, NH3 Primary amine Secondary amine Tertiary amine
2A - Amines Something fishy about amines: Have an NH 2, amine group. Amines are derivatives of ammonia: 3 H atoms 1 H atom replaced: 1 attached C to N 2 H atoms replaced: 2 attached C's to N 3 H atom replaced:
Unit - 15 POLYMERS Points to Remember 1. Polymers are defined as high molecular mass macromolecules which consist of repeating structural units derived from the appropriate monomers. 2. In presence of
1.1 Basic Polymer Chemistry. 1.2 Polymer Nomenclature. 1.3 Polymer Synthesis. 1.4 Chain Growth Polymerization. Polymer =
1.1 Basic Polymer hemistry Polymers are the largest class of soft materials: over 100 billion pounds of polymers made in US each year lassification systems 1.2 Polymer Nomenclature Polymer = Monomer =
Downloaded from Unit - 15 POLYMERS. Points to Remember
Unit - 15 POLYMERS Points to Remember 1. Polymers are defined as high molecular mass macromolecules which consist of repeating structural units derived from the appropriate monomers. 2. In presence of
The functionality of a monomer is the number of binding sites that is/are present in that monomer.
Question 15.1: Explain the terms polymer and monomer. Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (10
Effect of Molecular Structure of Side Chain Polymers on "Click" Synthesis of Thermosensitive Molecular Brushes
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange University of Tennessee Honors Thesis Projects University of Tennessee Honors Program 5-2017 Effect of Molecular Structure
Fisika Polimer Ariadne L Juwono. Sem /2007
Chapter 4. Ionic and coordination (addition) polymerization 4.1. Similarities and contrast on ionic polymerization 4.2. Cationic polymerization 4.3. Anionic polymerization 4.4. Coordination polymerization
Chapter : 15. POLYMERS. Level-1:Questions
1) What are polymers? Chapter : 15. POLYMERS Level-1:Questions A: These are referred to as Macromolecules which are formed by joining of repeating structural units on a large scale. 2) Give two examples
Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 5e Chapter 01
Questions Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 5e 01) Which of the following molecules is a phospholipid? a. i b. ii c. iii d. iv 02) Which of the following statements is false regarding the
Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural
Question 15.1: Explain the terms polymer and monomer. Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (10
SCH4U Synthesis and Polymers. Synthesis Reactions and Addition and Condensation Polymers
SCH4U Synthesis and Polymers Synthesis Reactions and Addition and Condensation Polymers ADDITION POLYMERS ADDITION POLYMERS A + A + A + A A A A A monomers polymer + + + ethylene (ethene) polyethylene
Exam 1 (Monday, July 6, 2015)
Chem 231 Summer 2015 Assigned Homework Problems Last updated: Friday, July 24, 2015 Problems Assigned from Essential Organic Chemistry, 2 nd Edition, Paula Yurkanis Bruice, Prentice Hall, New York, NY,
Nucleophilic attack on ligand
Nucleophilic attack on ligand Nucleophile "substitutes" metal hapticity usually decreases xidation state mostly unchanged Competition: nucleophilic attack on metal usually leads to ligand substitution
Alkyl phenyl ketones are usually named by adding the acyl group as prefix to phenone.
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones Aldehydes: Often called by their common names instead of IUPAC names. Ketones: Derived by naming two alkyl or aryl groups bonded
Downloaded from
Page 1 of 6 AMINES Amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3), obtained by replacement of 1, 2 or all the 3 hydrogen atoms by alkyl and/or aryl groups. In nature amines are present in - proteins, vitamins,
POLYMERISATION. A process in which small molecules called monomers join together into large molecules consisting of repeating units.
Polymers 2814 1 PLYMERISATIN General A process in which small molecules called monomers join together into large molecules consisting of repeating units. There are two basic types ADDITIN & NDENSATIN ADDITIN
A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer.
1.8 Polymers The General Structure of Polymers A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer. Many biological molecules,
1. Radical Substitution on Alkanes. 2. Radical Substitution with Alkenes. 3. Electrophilic Addition
1. Radical Substitution on Alkanes Only Cl and Br are useful at the laboratory level. Alkane reactivity: tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl Numbers below products give their relative yield. Relative
UNIT 4 REVISION CHECKLIST CHEM 4 AS Chemistry
UNIT 4 REVISION CHECKLIST CHEM 4 AS Chemistry Topic 4.1 Kinetics a) Define the terms: rate of a reaction, rate constant, order of reaction and overall order of reaction b) Deduce the orders of reaction
Synthesis of Nitriles a. dehydration of 1 amides using POCl 3 : b. SN2 reaction of cyanide ion on halides:
I. Nitriles Nitriles consist of the CN functional group, and are linear with sp hybridization on C and N. Nitriles are non-basic at nitrogen, since the lone pair exists in an sp orbital (50% s character
An alcohol is a compound obtained by substituting a hydoxyl group ( OH) for an H atom on a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon group.
Derivatives of Hydrocarbons A functional group is a reactive portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions. All other organic compounds can be considered as derivatives of hydrocarbons (i.e.,
Synthesis of Polymers Prof. Paula Hammond Lecture 19: Metallocene Chemistry, Intro to New Developments from Brookhart, Others H H
10.569 Synthesis of Polymers Prof. Paula ammond Lecture 19: Metallocene Chemistry, Intro to ew Developments from Brookhart, thers Ionic Polymerization 1. Anionic 2. Cationic Anionic Polymerization - very
Paul Rempp and Edward W. Merrill. Polymer Synthesis. 2nd, revised Edition. Hüthig & Wepf Verlag Basel Heidelberg New York
Paul Rempp and Edward W. Merrill Polymer Synthesis 2nd, revised Edition Hüthig & Wepf Verlag Basel Heidelberg New York Table of Contents Part I: Polymerization Reactions Chapter 1: General Considerations
Biodegradable Polymers
Biodegradable Polymers The evolution of biomaterials materials for passive implants and devices Biofunctional materials 1 Design of biomaterials (Biocompatible) Processable Sterilizable Possibility to
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymers
MATE 453/MSE 553 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymers Guided Lecture Notes for Fall 2012 Prof. Michael Kessler Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University PHYSICAL AND
Page 2. The tripeptide shown is formed from the amino acids alanine, threonine and lysine.
Q1.(a) The tripeptide shown is formed from the amino acids alanine, threonine and lysine. Draw a separate circle around each of the asymmetric carbon atoms in the tripeptide. Draw the zwitterion of alanine.
2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state
2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state or concentrated from the solution, molecules are often
Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Biology Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
But in organic terms: Oxidation: loss of H 2 ; addition of O or O 2 ; addition of X 2 (halogens).
Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. Normally: Oxidation
Organic Chemistry 112 A B C - Syllabus Addendum for Prospective Teachers
Chapter Organic Chemistry 112 A B C - Syllabus Addendum for Prospective Teachers Ch 1-Structure and bonding Ch 2-Polar covalent bonds: Acids and bases McMurry, J. (2004) Organic Chemistry 6 th Edition
Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group
Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group In Chapter 18 Additions to the Carbonyl Groups In Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group O O - - O - O R Y R C+ Y R Y Nu -Ȳ R N u + Y=goodleavinggroup
Top concepts Chapter : Polymers 1. Polymers are high molecular mass substance consisting of large number of repeating structural units. As polymers are single, giant molecules i.e. big size molecules,
1. What is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reactions?
CH320 N N_HW1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. There is only one correct response for each question. Carefully record your answers on the Scantron
Principles of Polymer Chemistry
Principles of Polymer Chemistry A. Ravve Consultant in Polymer Chemistry Lincolnwood, Illinois PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK AND LONDON Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Definitions 1 1.2. Nomenclature of Polymers
Worksheet Chapter 10: Organic chemistry glossary
Worksheet 10.1 Chapter 10: Organic chemistry glossary Addition elimination reaction A reaction in which two molecules combine with the release of a small molecule, often water. This type of reaction is
Module No. 31: Peptide Synthesis: Definition, Methodology & applications
PAPER 9: TECHNIQUES USED IN MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS I Module No. 31: Peptide Synthesis: Definition, Methodology & applications Objectives: 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of peptide 2.1. N-terminal protected
Carbenes and Carbene Complexes I Introduction
Carbenes and Carbene Complexes I Introduction A very interesting (honest) class of radical-like molecules Steadily becoming more important as they find far more synthetic applications We will primarily
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and their Derivatives Nucleophilic Acyl substitution - Review the nomenclature for these compounds in your textbook
CARBXYLIC ACIDS and their Derivatives Nucleophilic Acyl substitution - Review the nomenclature for these compounds in your textbook R Z R Z R Z - the basicity of Z determines the relative stability of
Key ideas: In EAS, pi bond is Nu and undergoes addition.
Objective 7. Apply addition and elimination concepts to predict electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions (EAS) of benzene and monosubstituted benzenes. Skills: Draw structure ID structural features
Boardworks A2 Chemistry
Boardworks A2 Chemistry Organic Synthesis 34 slides 13 Flash activities Optical isomerism Introduction to light waves Animation illustrating the nature of polarized light Optically active compounds, enantiomers
Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Nomenclature: In carboxylic acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides, the parent is the carboxylic acid. In each case be sure
Chem 3A - Practice Midterm I. Note: This is a slightly modified version of the first midterm exam from Chem 112A Fall 2012
Chem 3A - Practice Midterm I Note: This is a slightly modified version of the first midterm exam from Chem 112A Fall 2012 Please provide all answers in the space provided. You are not allowed to use a
ALUMINUM(III) COMPLEXES. Keywords: Cyclic polyesters, Biodegradable polymers, ε-caprolactone
SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC POLY(ε-CAPROLACTONE) USING ALUMINUM(III) COMPLEXES Pisanu Pisitsopon a, Phonpimon Wongmahasirikun b, Khamphee Phomphrai *,b a Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science
Keynotes in Organic Chemistry
Keynotes in Organic Chemistry Second Edition ANDREW F. PARSONS Department of Chemistry, University of York, UK Wiley Contents Preface xi 1 Structure and bonding 1 1.1 Ionic versus covalent bonds 1 1.2
ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 2
ADVANCED CHEMISTRY 2 Philip Matthews ±m±l CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Acknowledgements How to use this book INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 88 Periodicity of physical properties 88.1 Periodicity of ionisation energies
OCR (A) Chemistry A-level. Module 6: Organic Chemistry and Analysis
OCR (A) Chemistry A-level Module 6: Organic Chemistry and Analysis Organic Synthesis Notes by Adam Robertson DEFINITIONS Heterolytic fission: The breaking of a covalent bond when one of the bonded atoms
21.1 Introduction Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids. Acids Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acids.
21.1 Introduction Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are abundant in nature and in pharmaceuticals. 21.1 Introduction Carboxylic Acids The US produces over 2.5 million tons of acetic acid per year, which
S N 1 Displacement Reactions
S N 1 Displacement Reactions Tertiary alkyl halides cannot undergo S N 2 reactions because of the severe steric hindrance blocking a backside approach of the nucleophile. They can, however, react via an
3.4 A2 Unit F324: Rings, Polymers and Analysis
3.4 A2 Unit F324: Rings, Polymers and Analysis This unit builds upon the chemical concepts that have been developed during AS Chemistry. This unit consists of three teaching modules: Module 1: Rings, Acids
2 Answer all the questions. 1 Alkenes and benzene both react with bromine but alkenes are much more reactive.
2 Answer all the questions. 1 Alkenes and benzene both react with bromine but alkenes are much more reactive. (a) Explain the relative resistance to bromination of benzene compared with alkenes. In your
Insertion and elimination. Peter H.M. Budzelaar
Peter H.. Budzelaar Insertion reactions If at a metal centre you have a) a σ-bound group (hydride, alkyl, aryl) b) a ligand containing a π-system (olefin, alkyne, C) the σ-bound group can migrate to the
Seminar Series. Vinyl Acetate Radical Polymerization Kinetics Studies
Vinyl Acetate Radical Polymerization Kinetics Studies Otlaatla Monyatsi Pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP) combined with analysis of the resulting polymer molecular mass distribution (MMD) is used to measure
Introductory Biochemistry
Introductory Biochemistry Instructors Dr. Nafez Abu Tarboush Dr. Mamoun Ahram Recommended textbooks Biochemistry; Mary K. Campbell and Shawn O. Farrell, Brooks Cole; 6 th edition Recommended electronic
Organic Chemistry. M. R. Naimi-Jamal. Faculty of Chemistry Iran University of Science & Technology
Organic Chemistry M. R. Naimi-Jamal Faculty of Chemistry Iran University of Science & Technology Chapter 5-2. Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry,
Solution problem 22: Non-Benzoid Aromatic Sytems
Solution problem 22: on-enzoid Aromatic Sytems 22.1 & 22.2 Each double bond and each heteroatom (, ) with lone pairs donates 2 π- electrons as well as a negative charge. oron or a positive charge does
Mengying Li.
Investigating the Techniques of Acid- Base Extraction by separating three dye compounds & Recrystallization by purifying Methyl Orange Mengying Li Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State
Reaction chemistry of complexes Three general forms: 1. Reactions involving the gain and loss of ligands a. Ligand Dissoc. and Assoc. (Bala) b.
eaction chemistry of complexes Three general forms: 1. eactions involving the gain and loss of ligands a. Ligand Dissoc. and Assoc. (Bala) b. Oxidative Addition c. eductive Elimination d. Nucleophillic
Topic 9. Aldehydes & Ketones
Chemistry 2213a Fall 2012 Western University Topic 9. Aldehydes & Ketones A. Structure and Nomenclature The carbonyl group is present in aldehydes and ketones and is the most important group in bio-organic
Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 19. Chem 4631
Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 19 Chem 4631 Organic Electrochemistry is a multidisciplinary science overlapping the fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry and electrochemistry.
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Biology. Dr. Ramos BIO 370
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Biology Dr. Ramos BIO 370 2 Atoms, Bonds, and Molecules Matter - all materials that occupy space and have mass Matter is composed of atoms. Atom simplest form of matter not divisible
Chapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Chapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives The back of the white willow tree (Salix alba) is a source of salicylic acid which is used to make aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) The functional group
Class XII: Chemistry Chapter 13: Amines Top concepts
Class XII: Chemistry Chapter 13: Amines Top concepts 1. Amines are regarded as derivatives of ammonia in which one, two or all three hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl group 2. Classification
Chemical Engineering Seminar Series
Effect of Reaction Conditions on Copolymer Properties Loretta Idowu Keywords: copolymer composition distribution; radical polymerization kinetics; semi-batch starved feed; hydroxyl-functionality Non-functional
POLYMERISATION. A process in which small molecules called monomers join together into large molecules consisting of repeating units.
Polymers 1 PLYMERISATI General A process in which small molecules called monomers join together into large molecules consisting of repeating units. There are two basic types ADDITI & DESATI ADDITI PLYMERS
Infrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy Used to identify organic compounds IR spectroscopy provides a 100% identification if the spectrum is matched. If not, IR at least provides information about the types
Combustion and thermal degradation of polymers
Polymers and biomaterials - laboratory Combustion and thermal degradation of polymers Theoretical background dr Hanna Wilczura-Wachnik University of Warsaw Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Technology Division
Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Carbon
Complex molecules assembled like TinkerToys Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Carbon Why study Carbon? All living things are made of cells Cells ~72% H 2 O ~3% salts (Na, Cl, K ) ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates
Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding.
Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding. Sigma and Pi Bonds: All single bonds are sigma(σ), that
12. Aldehydes & Ketones (text )
2009, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western ntario 12.1 12. Aldehydes & Ketones (text 13.1 13.11) A. Structure and Nomenclature The carbonyl group is present in aldehydes and ketones and is
Chapter 23 Phenols CH. 23. Nomenclature. The OH group takes precedence as the parent phenol.
CH. 23 Chapter 23 Phenols Nomenclature The OH group takes precedence as the parent phenol. Carboxyl and acyl groups take precedence over the OH group. The OH group is a strong electron-donating group through
Chemistry of Carbon. Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Why study Carbon? All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% H2O ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids ~3% salts Na, Cl,
Lecture 6: Transition-Metal Catalysed C-C Bond Formation
Lecture 6: Transition-Metal Catalysed C-C Bond Formation (a) Asymmetric allylic substitution 1 u - d u (b) Asymmetric eck reaction 2 3 Ar- d (0) Ar 2 3 (c) Asymmetric olefin metathesis alladium π-allyl
The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry
Prof. Yue Zhao University of Sherbrooke Canada Control of Stimult-Responsive Polymers by New Methods December 1, 2014 (Monday) 2:30 p.m. Room G35 Lady Shaw Building Prof. Chi Wu Prof. Petr Štěpánek Institute
Copper-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) of Acrylates in Protic Solution.
Copper-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) of Acrylates in Protic Solution. Laura. Pilon *, Steven P. Armes *, Paul Findlay, Steven Rannard. * School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental
Unit title: Organic Chemistry
Unit title: Organic Chemistry Unit code: R/601/0352 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 Aim This unit develops the principles and practical techniques of organic chemistry. Rationalisation of structure and bonding
Biodegradable Poly-pentadecalactone (PDL) Synthesis via Synergistic Lipase and Microwave Catalysis
American Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2013, 3(1): 9-13 DOI: 10.5923/j.ajbe.20130301.02 Biodegradable Poly-pentadecalactone (PDL) Synthesis via Synergistic Lipase and Microwave Catalysis Anil Mahapatro
Anionic Polymerization - Initiation and Propagation
Anionic Polymerization Initiation and Propagation As in free radical polymerization, there are initiation and propagation steps. NH 2 NaNH 2 Na + + NH 2 + H 2 N CH: Propagation proceeds in the usual manner,
Reversible Additions to carbonyls: Weak Nucleophiles Relative Reactivity of carbonyls: Hydration of Ketones and Aldehydes
Reversible Additions to carbonyls: Weak Nucleophiles Weak nucleophiles, such as water, alcohols, and amines, require acid or base catalysis to undergo addition to carbonyl compounds Relative Reactivity
Section A. 1 at a given temperature. The rate was found to be first order with respect to the ester and first order with respect to hydroxide ions.
2 Section A Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Question 1:The N/Arate of hydrolysis of an ester X (HCOOCH2CH2CH3) was studied in alkaline 1 at a given temperature. The rate was found to be first
POLYMERS Mega molecules Out of Small Ones
Back Recommended grades level(s) 11-12 Time Duration: - 50 minutes POLYMERS Mega molecules Out of Small Ones Objective(s): The learner will produce a linear and a cross-linked polyester. The learner will
Chemistry 506: Allied Health Chemistry 2. Chapter 15: Amines and Amides. Functional Groups with Single Bonds to Nitrogen
Chemistry 506 Dr. Hunter s Class Chapter 15. Chemistry 506: Allied Health Chemistry 2 1 Chapter 15: Amines and Amides Functional Groups with Single Bonds to Nitrogen Introduction to General, Organic &
Towards Biocompatible Shell Cross-Linked Micelles
Towards Biocompatible Shell Cross-Linked Micelles Colin D Turner, Steven P Armes, Andrew L Lewis School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ,
Ammonia Primary Secondary Tertiary Quarternary Ammonium Ion
1 Chapter 19: Amines I. Introduction: Classification: NH 3 RNH 2 R 2 NH R 3 N R 4 N + Ammonia Primary Secondary Tertiary Quarternary Ammonium Ion Amines are a very common functional group in organic chemistry,
Amines Reading Study Problems Key Concepts and Skills Lecture Topics: Amines: structure and nomenclature
Amines Reading: Wade chapter 19, sections 19-1-19-19 Study Problems: 19-37, 19-39, 19-40, 19-41, 19-44, 19-46, 19-47, 19-48, 19-51, 19-54 Key Concepts and Skills: Explain how the basicity of amines varies
Fibrillated Cellulose and Block Copolymers as a Modifiers of Unsaturated Polyester Nanocomposites
Fibrillated Cellulose and Block Copolymers as a Modifiers of Unsaturated Polyester Nanocomposites Daniel H. Builes, Hugo Hernández, Laida Cano, Agnieszka Tercjak Group Materials + Technologies Polymeric
Effect of nucleophile on reaction
1 Effect of nucleophile on reaction X DS c X c c X DS c + X cleophile not involved in DS of S N 1 so does not effect the reaction (well obviously it controls the formula of the product!) cleophile has
Chapter 4. Reactions of alkenes. Addition reactions Carbocations Selectivity of reactions
Chapter 4 Reactions of alkenes Addition reactions Carbocations Selectivity of reactions Prob 47 p192. Give the reagents that would be required (including catalyst). Ch 4 #2 Electrophilic addition Ch 4
LECTURE #14 Thurs., Oct.20, Midterm exam: Tues.Oct.25 during class Ch.1, , 7.10, 2, Sections
CHEM 221 section 01 LECTURE #14 Thurs., Oct.20, 2005 Midterm exam: Tues.Oct.25 during class Ch.1, 7.2-7.5, 7.10, 2, 3.1-3.5 ASSIGNED READINGS: TODAY S CLASS: NEXT LECTURE: Sections 4.7-4.10 finish Ch.4,
CHEM 251 (4 credits): Description
CHEM 251 (4 credits): Intermediate Reactions of Nucleophiles and Electrophiles (Reactivity 2) Description: An understanding of chemical reactivity, initiated in Reactivity 1, is further developed based
Polymerisation of Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation
Polymerisation of Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation Peter D. Iddon, Kay L. Robinson and Steven P. Armes ACS Philadelphia Meeting August 2004 Email: P.Iddon@shef.ac.uk Introduction
Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water.
Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. Alcohols are usually classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly
N_HW1 N_HW1. 1. What is the purpose of the H 2 O in this sequence?
N_HW1 N_HW1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. There is only one correct response for each question. 1. What is the purpose of the H 2 O in this
FARMINGDALE STATE COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. CONTACT HOURS: Lecture: 3 Laboratory: 4
FARMINGDALE STATE COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY COURSE OUTLINE: COURSE TITLE: Prepared by: Dr. M. DeCastro September 2011 Organic Chemistry II COURSE NUMBER: CHM 271 CREDITS: 5 CONTACT HOURS: Lecture: