Chemical Hygiene Plan. Bethel University. August 2013

Transcription

1 Chemical Hygiene Plan Bethel University August 2013

2 Table of Contents Page Introduction...1 Section 1: Scope of Plan...2 Section 2: Program Responsibilities Section 3: Information and Training Section 4: Control Measures Section 5: Standard Operating Procedures for Laboratories & Chemicals Section 6: Compressed Gas Cylinders...14 Section 7: Chemical Spills, Accidents and Emergencies Section 8: Hazardous Chemicals Section 9: Medical Examinations and Consultations Section 10: Recordkeeping...25 APPENDICES: Appendix A: Health Effects & Common Lab Hazards Appendix B: Training Checklist Appendix C: Program Activities & Laboratory Safety/Fume Hood Inspection Checklists Appendix D: Science Laboratory Safety Policies (Faculty & Student) Appendix E: The Laboratory Facility & Chemical Storage Recommendations Appendix F: Permeation Resistance Guide for Chemical Resistant Gloves Appendix G: Very High Risk & High Risk Chemicals

3 Bethel University Chemical Hygiene Plan INTRODUCTION This document is designed to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standard 29 CFR This regulation, sometimes referred to as the Laboratory Standard, regulates occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in chemical laboratories. Laboratories, including educational laboratories that use hazardous chemicals, are required to meet this standard and develop a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP). This Chemical Hygiene Plan describes the policies and practices used in the instructional science laboratories to accomplish the following goals: Chemicals are handled, stored and disposed of in a safe manner. Minimize potential exposure of faculty, student assistants and students to hazardous chemicals. Implement an institutional policy to promote continuity of good laboratory practices. Provide faculty, students and student assistants with appropriate safety training including the hazards of chemicals with which they are working and safe operating procedures. Maintain a system of documentation to demonstrate compliance with this Chemical Hygiene Plan. IEA, Inc. Page 1 of 25

4 Section 1 Scope of Plan Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 1.0 SCOPE OF PLAN This plan applies where "laboratory use" of hazardous chemicals occurs. At Bethel University, this plan applies to the laboratories used for instruction of all courses where hazardous chemicals are used and the chemical storage areas. Specifically included are all teaching laboratories, student research areas, faculty research areas, and other similar areas used by the Biology, Chemistry and Physics Departments. Also specifically included are the chemical storage areas in Rooms AC105, AC112A, AC138 and AC237. This plan covers faculty and support personnel who use chemicals in teaching and research laboratories at Bethel University, e.g., instructors, laboratory personnel and student assistants. It is the policy of the University that students, while not legally covered under this standard, will be given training commensurate with the level of hazard associated with their laboratory work and be required to follow its guidelines. IEA, Inc. Page 2 of 25

5 Section 2 Program Responsibilities Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 2.0 PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES 2.1 Employer A. University-Wide Bethel University is responsible for developing and supporting a broad-based chemical hygiene program that will protect its laboratory employees from the hazards associated with laboratory chemicals. The Bethel University Provost is responsible for appointing a University-wide (CHO) Chemical Hygiene Officer, and integrating safety into all of its activities, for promoting the same attitude among all levels of employment at the University, and for providing adequate time and recognition for employees who are given laboratory safety responsibilities. B. Academic Departments Each academic department that engages in the laboratory will identify at least one laboratory and safety coordinator to serve as a focal point for laboratory health and safety activities within the unit and as liaison with the University-wide (CHO) Chemical Hygiene Officer: 2.2 Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) A. The Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) is appointed by the Provost of Bethel University. B. Serves as the technical advisor to the Natural Sciences Division on issues of chemical hygiene and the management of hazardous chemicals. C. Serves as a resource for assistance with the Chemical Hygiene Plan. D. Serves as a resource for campus-wide chemical safety. E. Maintains a current copy of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. F. Provides assistance to faculty and staff in the proper handling of hazardous material spills and other emergencies. G. Informs the appropriate personnel within the Natural Sciences Division of any changes in legal requirements pertaining to regulated substances as needed. 2.3 Facilities Management A. Performs all necessary maintenance for laboratory ventilation systems including fume hoods, local exhaust systems and general ventilation in accordance with federal and state regulations. B. Conducts annual testing of fume hoods and maintains records of annual fume hood inspections and performance of individual fume hoods. C. Maintains laboratory and building systems including, but not limited to all HVAC, plumbing and electrical systems. D. Conducts annual fire extinguisher inspections in accordance with applicable regulations. E. Maintains all emergency systems such as fire alarms, sprinkler systems and emergency lighting systems. IEA, Inc. Page 3 of 25

6 Section 2 Program Responsibilities (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: F. Repairs any hazard or safety concerns pertaining the building or mechanical systems. G. Alerts the appropriate personnel of any possible hazards. H. Maintains a contract with MSDSonline for Bethel University s Material Safety Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets as outlined in the Employee Right-to-Know Program. 2.4 Department Chairperson A. Implementation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. B. Schedules time for employees to attend designated training sessions. C. Assures that potential hazards of specific projects have been identified and addressed before work is started. D. Enforces safe work practices and reports hazardous conditions to the Chemical Hygiene Officer and/or Laboratory and Safety Coordinator. 2.5 Laboratory and Safety Coordinator A. Oversee the daily operations of college laboratories within their respective departments within Natural Sciences Division. Address health and safety issues in their designated laboratories. B. Inform all laboratory workers (employees and work study students) of the guidelines put forth in the Chemical Hygiene Plan. C. Maintain responsibility for laboratory safety, regulatory compliance and implementation of, and compliance with, the Chemical Hygiene Plan for laboratories within their applicable departments. D. Oversee the proper disposal of all hazardous and chemical waste generated within their respective laboratories. E. Conduct required testing of the function of emergency equipment including but not limited to, eye wash stations and safety showers. Maintains access to emergency equipment through general housekeeping. F. Work with faculty in the development of Standard Operating Procedures for specific hazardous procedures. G. Identify hazardous or potentially hazardous chemicals or processes in the laboratory. H. Report possible overexposures to hazardous chemicals to Human Resources, Chemical Hygiene Officer and Department Chairperson. I. Inspect and control inventory of hazardous chemicals used in his/her department to minimize inventory and assure proper safety. J. Serve on the Laboratory safety committee and complete semi-annual inspections of laboratories and annual review of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. IEA, Inc. Page 4 of 25

7 Section 2 Program Responsibilities (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 2.6 Faculty/Instructors A. When designing a new experiment, considers the hazards involved and chooses to use chemicals (starting materials, intermediates and products) which will provide the desired learning experience with minimum hazard. Investigates the hazards of each chemical being introduced to the laboratory for the first time by procuring a MSDS/SDS sheet for that chemical. Substitutes less hazardous chemicals when practical. B. Provides laboratory assistants, students conducting research and laboratory managers under his/her direction with safety and health information needed to avoid hazards prior to their involvement in experiments. C. Assures that pre-lab discussions include consideration of specific safety and health hazards of the experiment, safety equipment to be used and steps to be taken in case of emergency. Makes learning how to be safe an integral part of the chemical education process. D. Sets a good example by observing all rules, wearing recommended protective equipment, being enthusiastic about safety and follows all good housekeeping rules. E. During laboratory period inspects to see that students are following instructions and proves prompt correction when needed. Insists on safe procedures and use of Personal Protective Equipment. F. Reports accidents, near misses or significant safety/health incidents to the appropriate Laboratory and Safety Coordinator promptly. G. Ensures that hazardous waste is properly collected and labeled correctly, and informs the Laboratory and Safety Coordinator of the waste for proper storage. H. Ensures that all operations under his/her direction are performed in accordance with the Chemical Hygiene Plan. 2.7 Student Workers A. Attends all required training. B. Wears Personal Protective Equipment as required. C. Performs all required tasks in accordance with the Chemical Hygiene Plan. D. Maintains ultimate responsibility for his/her personal on the job safety. E. Reports potential or suspected hazards to the appropriate Laboratory and Safety Coordinator. IEA, Inc. Page 5 of 25

8 Section 3 Training and Information Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 3.0 INFORMATION AND TRAINING 3.1 Information Accessibility of information on the hazards of chemicals and procedures for working safely are essential for laboratory employees and students. The following information sources will be accessible to all employees engaged in the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals: A. The Bethel Chemical Hygiene Plan is available from the Chemical Hygiene Officer and the laboratory and safety coordinators. B. Material safety data sheets/safety data sheets (MSDS/SDS) are available from the departmental laboratory and safety coordinators in the department in which you are working. All Bethel staff, faculty, and students can also access the MSDS/SDS information from any computer (personal or departmental). To access MSDS/SDS electronically please follow this path: 1. Go to Blink.bethel.edu and log in. 2. On the Blink home page, click on the Campus Services tab on the top of the page. 3. On the Campus Services page, click on the Facilities Management Home link located in the Facilities Management window. 4. On the Facilities Management Home page, click on the MSDSonline link. 5. Once on MSDSonline, select the appropriate science department. 6. Begin your search for the MSDS/SDS you need. Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) and/or Threshold Limit Values (TLV) are listed in the MSDS/SDS as well as information about carcinogens and reproductive toxins. The handbook Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (Prudent Practices) prepared by the National Research Council's Committee on Hazardous Substances in the Laboratory is available from departmental laboratory and safety coordinators. C. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals, as well as information on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory are found in Prudent Practices. D. Information on clean-up and spill response can be found in the MSDS/SDS. E. Information on chemical waste disposal can be found in the Flinn Scientific Catalog / Reference Handbook and in NRC's Prudent Practices for Handling Chemicals in Laboratories. These are available from the laboratory and safety coordinators. Prior to chemical waste disposal, the laboratory and safety coordinators should be consulted. Bethel University s Management Plan for Hazardous Waste is available in the Facilities Management Department. IEA, Inc. Page 6 of 25

9 Section 3 Training and Information (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 3.2 Training Employees will be provided with training on chemical hazards in their laboratory (work) area and how to limit (control) exposure to such chemicals. Such training will be provided at the time of an employee's initial assignment in a work area or laboratory where hazardous chemicals are present. Refresher training will be provided when new exposure situations occur and as needed. Employee training programs will include, at a minimum, the following subjects: A. Location and availability of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. B. Name and contact information for the Chemical Hygiene Officer. C. Basic toxicological principles, including toxicity, hazard, exposure, routes of entry, acute and chronic effects, dose-response relationship, LD50, threshold limit values and permissible exposure limits, exposure time, and physical and health hazards related to classes of chemicals used in the laboratories. D. Good laboratory practice, including labeling, general techniques designed to reduce personal exposure to hazardous chemicals and to control physical hazards, as well as specific protective mechanisms and warning systems used in individual laboratories. Appropriate use of fume hoods will be specifically addressed; E. Description of information available, including Chemical Hygiene Plan, OSHA Standard, and MSDS/SDS; F. Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical. G. Emergency response actions appropriate to individual laboratories; H. An introduction to proper chemical waste disposal. I. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory. IEA, Inc. Page 7 of 25

10 Section 4 Control Measures Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 4.0 CONTROL MEASURES The intent of control measures is to limit potential exposure to hazardous chemicals. The exact control measures used must fit the nature of the hazard and the potential for exposure. The science instructor or other laboratory professional is expected to use their best professional judgment to determine what specific control measures may be needed to address a particular situation. In the instructional setting at Bethel University the main control measures are 1) ventilation & laboratory fume hoods, 2) personal protective equipment (PPE), 3) chemical storage cabinets, and 4) emergency equipment. 4.1 Ventilation & Laboratory Fume Hoods Science lab classrooms require one cubic foot per minute (cfm) exhaust per square foot based on ASHRAE / Minnesota Mechanical Code. Fume hoods are used when working with odorous, annoying or irritating materials, volatile solvents where the vapor concentration may approach the flammable limits, or volatile chemicals where the vapor concentration may approach the TLV. Fume hoods are inspected annually as part of the lab safety inspection to check: 1) that the fume hood is in good condition and functioning properly, 2) that the face velocity is sufficient ( linear feet per minute) and 3) that chemicals are stored properly. Laboratory employees should understand and comply with: A. A fume hood is a safety backup for condensers, traps, or other devices that collect vapors and fumes. It is not used to "dispose" of chemicals by evaporation unless the vapors are trapped and recovered for proper waste disposal. B. Any equipment inside the hood should be placed on the floor of the hood at least six inches away from the front edge. C. The fume hood sash should be lowered (closed) at all times except when necessary to raise (open) the sash to perform work. D. The hood fan should be kept "on" whenever a chemical is inside the hood, whether or not any work is being performed in the hood. E. Personnel should be aware of the steps to be taken in the event of power failure or other hood failure. F. Inspect hood vent ducts and fans at least once per year to be sure they are clean and clear of obstructions (performed by maintenance/repair personnel). G. Hoods should not be used as storage areas for chemicals, apparatus, or other materials. 4.2 Personal Protective Equipment Carefully inspect all personal protective equipment (PPE) before using. Do not use defective or dirty protective equipment. IEA, Inc. Page 8 of 25

11 Section 4 Control Measures (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: Eye protection. Chemical Safety Goggles should be worn at all time in the laboratory. Junior and Senior students may wear chemical safety glasses instead of goggles when appropriate. Eye protection worn when working with chemicals should meet the requirements of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z87.1. Wear goggles such as type G (no ventilation) or type H (indirect ventilation) at all times, except as noted above. Face protection. Full-face shields may be required or desirable for certain operations such as handling concentrated mineral acids or in situations where spattering of corrosive materials could occur. When warranted, wear a face shield large enough to protect the chin, neck, and ears, as well as the face. Face shields are not considered to be eye protection, so eye protection must be worn under the face shield. Protective clothing. In general, anyone working in a lab should wear clothing that minimizes skin exposure. This includes long sleeve shirts and blouses, long pants and closed-toe shoes. Laboratory aprons or coats are required whenever corrosive materials, such as mineral acids or bases, are used. Hand protection. Gloves should be worn whenever there is any possibility of hand contact with corrosive or toxic materials. Gloves must be chosen that are compatible with the material being handled and should be inspected for pin holes before use (do not inflate by mouth). Please refer to glove chemical resistance guide in Appendix F to select appropriate gloves. Foot protection. Always wear low-heeled shoes with fully covering "uppers"; do not wear shoes with open toes or with uppers constructed of woven material or sandals. Respiratory protection. In the instructional setting at Bethel University there should never be a necessity to wear a respirator. Therefore, respirators are not provided. Whenever exposure by inhalation is likely to exceed the threshold limits, a fume hood must be used. 4.3 Chemical Storage Cabinets Ventilated chemical storage cabinets are in the storage room within Room AC105. Spill containment should be used in these cabinets where appropriate. Cabinets designed for the storage of flammable materials should be properly used and maintained. Read and follow the manufacturer's information and also follow these safety practices: A. Store only compatible materials inside a cabinet. B. Do not store paper or cardboard or other combustible packaging material in a flammable-liquid storage cabinet. C. The manufacturer establishes quantity limits for various sizes of flammable-liquid storage cabinets; ensure quantities remain below limits. IEA, Inc. Page 9 of 25

12 Section 4 Control Measures (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 4.4 Emergency Equipment Fire extinguishers. These are located throughout all of the labs. Annual inspection is the responsibility of the Bethel University Facility Management. The laboratory and safety coordinator is responsible for arranging for this inspection. Monthly inspections are performed by a designated individual in each department. Safety shower. Safety showers, located in Rooms AC108, AC108A, AC108C, AC109, AC111A, AC111B, AC112, AC121, AC124, AC139, AC132, AC141, AC156, AC157, AC236, and AC237, are flushed and checked for proper operation weekly by each department. The laboratory and safety coordinator of each department is responsible for arranging for this inspection. Review ANSI Z358.1 for water flow and placement requirements. Be sure that access to shower is not restricted or blocked by temporary storage of objects or in any other way. Eyewash stations. The eye wash stations in each lab must be flushed and checked for proper operation weekly. Weekly flushing is performed by a designated individual in each department. Review ANSI Z358.1 for water flow and placement requirements. Be sure that access to eyewash is not restricted or blocked by temporary storage of objects or in any other way. IEA, Inc. Page 10 of 25

13 Section 5 Standard Operating Procedures for Laboratories, Chemicals Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 5.0 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LABORATORIES, CHEMICALS 5.1 Rules for the Chemical Lab A. General Rules 1. Precautions a. NEVER work alone in a laboratory or chemical storage area. b. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment at all times. c. When working with flammable chemicals, be certain that there are no sources of ignition near enough to cause a fire or explosion in the event of a vapor release or liquid spill. d. Use a tip-resistant shield for protection whenever an explosion or implosion might occur. 2. Awareness For the chemicals they are working with, employees and students should know and constantly be aware of: a. The chemical hazards, as determined from the MSDS/SDS and other appropriate references. b. Appropriate safeguards for using that chemical, including personal protective equipment. c. The location and proper use of emergency equipment. d. How and where to properly store the chemical when it is not in use. e. Proper personal hygiene practices. f. The proper methods of transporting chemicals within the facility. g. Appropriate procedures for emergencies, including evacuation routes, spill cleanup procedures and proper waste disposal. B. Personal Hygiene 1. Wash promptly whenever a chemical has contacted the skin. 2. Avoid inhalation of chemicals; do not "sniff" to test chemicals. 3. Do not use mouth suction to pipet anything; use suction bulbs. 4. Wash well with soap and water before leaving the laboratory; do not wash with solvents. 5. Do not drink, eat, smoke, or apply cosmetics in the laboratory. 6. Do not bring food, beverages, tobacco, or cosmetic products into chemical storage or use areas. C. Housekeeping 1. Access to emergency equipment, showers, eyewashes, and exits should never be blocked, not even a temporarily parked chemical cart. Know where safety equipment is located. 2. Chemical containers must be labeled with at least the identity of the contents and the hazards those contents present to users. 3. Keep work areas, especially laboratory benches, clear of clutter. 4. Keep entrances and exits, aisles, hallways, and stairs clear of chemicals. 5. Chemicals should be returned to the stockroom or placed in their assigned storage areas at the end of each workday. 6. At the end of each workday, the contents of unlabeled containers are to be considered wastes. IEA, Inc. Page 11 of 25

14 Section 5 Standard Operating Procedures for Laboratories, Chemicals (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 7. Wastes should be properly labeled and kept in their proper containers. 8. Promptly clean up all spills; properly dispose of the spilled chemical and cleanup materials. Procedures can be found in MSDS/SDS. 9. Working surfaces should be cleaned after every lab or use. 10. Floors should be cleaned regularly. 11. No chemicals are to be stored on desks or floors in the laboratories. 12. DO NOT STORE CHEMICALS IN THE FUME HOODS! D. Prior Approval Employees should obtain prior approval to proceed with a laboratory task before use of an acutely hazardous, particularly hazardous, or radioactive substance. E. Spills and Accidents Spills of toxic substances or accidents involving any hazardous chemical should be resolved immediately; see Section 7 for further details. 5.2 Chemicals Procurement, Handling and Storage A. Procurement Bethel University works to maintain reasonable chemical inventories. To meet this goal, we support careful laboratory planning. Instructors are encouraged to not attempt to consume excess budgets through excess chemical purchases and to critically evaluate if quantity-based purchase savings will pay off in the long run. Instructors should also consider expiration and shelf life when ordering. Stockrooms will be cleaned out every five years and, if a chemical has not been used during this time period, it will be disposed of. Chemicals are selected and/or approved by each department's laboratory and safety coordinator. Requisitions should be submitted to the departmental laboratory and safety coordinator for discounted ordering. Before a new chemical that is known or suspected to be hazardous is received, those individuals who will handle it must have information on proper handling, storage, and disposal. It is the responsibility of the laboratory and safety coordinators and the CHO to make sure that the laboratory facilities in which the hazardous chemicals will be handled are adequate. If additional training is required on incoming chemicals, the laboratory and safety coordinator or CHO will arrange training for those who will handle the chemicals. Note: No container should be accepted without an adequate identifying label. IEA, Inc. Page 12 of 25

15 Section 5 Standard Operating Procedures for Laboratories, Chemicals (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: B. Handling Chemicals are delivered to the department's laboratory and safety coordinator. The chemicals are then arranged to be delivered to the appropriate science department after arrival. The laboratory and safety coordinators will store the chemicals in the chemical storage area and will file or enter electronically the product s original MSDS/SDS, which is provided by the vendor. The following procedures are followed when transporting or transferring chemicals: Two hands are used when carrying a chemical container. The container-within-a-container concept is used whenever moving chemical containers more than a short distance. Large containers (1L or larger) of corrosives are always transported from the stockroom or storage area in a chemically resistant bucket or other container designed for this purpose. Stairs must be negotiated carefully. Elevators are not used for carrying chemicals C. Storage Bethel University encourages as little chemical storage as is needed for current labs and research. The following procedures are followed where chemicals are stored: Chemicals are stored according to established compatibility and segregation principles. See Appendix E for recommended storage patterns. Flammable liquids are stored in approved cabinets. Ethers and other forms of peroxidizable materials are not stored past their expiration date, as they tend to form explosive and shock-sensitive peroxides. New bottles of chemicals are dated and properly stored. Boxes of chemicals are not stored on top of one another. Aisles are not blocked with equipment or chemicals. Materials are not stored in front of safety eyewashes and showers, exit doors, fire extinguishers, or other safety equipment. Laboratory equipment or other materials are not stored within 18 inches of sprinkler heads. Liquid chemicals are not stored on shelves above eye level. Storage shelves have one-inch stops installed on the front of the shelf. Chemicals are properly labeled 5.3 Safety Inspections The following inspections are conducted: Fume hoods annually Formal laboratory inspections semi-annually Fire extinguishers monthly Eyewash and shower stations weekly Personal protective equipment prior to each use A calendar of inspections and forms for each inspection listed above can be found in Appendix C. IEA, Inc. Page 13 of 25

16 Section 6 Compressed Gas Cylinders Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 6.0 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS 6.1 Handling and Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders Cylinders of compressed gases are hazardous for several reasons. They are under high pressure and therefore contain a large amount of energy. They may contain a toxic or flammable chemical. Some compressed gases (e.g. helium and nitrogen) are inert, non-toxic and nonflammable. However, release of a large quantity of either gas in a poorly ventilated area could displace enough oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere to cause asphyxiation. Cylinders should always be stored and used in a well-ventilated area and away from any heat source. A stored cylinder must always have a cylinder cap and be strapped firmly in place. A cylinder in use must be firmly secured with a strap or chain to insure that it cannot tip or fall. An empty cylinder must be tagged and labeled as EMPTY.. A cylinder can only be moved with a cylinder cart and must be strapped onto the cart. A cylinder should be checked for leaks when first put into service. The proper regulator shall always be used. The regulator should be inspected prior to use. Regulators must never be lubricated. Teflon tape may be used on fittings to insure a snug fit. IEA, Inc. Page 14 of 25

17 Section 7 Chemical Spills, Accidents and Emergencies Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 7.0 CHEMICAL SPILLS, ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES 7.1 General Emergency Response Emergency procedures are governed by the Chief of Security and Safety and the Bethel University Emergency Procedure Protocols. Please reference the university s Emergency Procedure Protocols for details. Accidents involving injury are immediately assessed for severity. If the injury can be handled internally, the employee or student is taken to the Health Services Office located in Townhouse H. Otherwise, please call 911 for urgent help and then immediately call University Security at Staff, students and student assistants shall be instructed on the location and correct use of the emergency shower and eye wash stations. 7.2 Spill Response The proper way to respond to a spill is to be familiar with the hazardous properties of the spilled chemical. Refer to the MSDS/SDS for chemical-specific information on spill response. Spill containment and clean up materials are available in all teaching labs and stockrooms within the Chemistry, Biology, and Physics departments. Students or assistants should contact a faculty member or the Laboratory Safety Officer before or immediately after containing a spill to assess further cleanup and disposal methods. A decision can then be made about the appropriate response, which will depend on the size of the spill and the hazard potential of the chemical. In the event of a chemical spill, the following basic chemical spill procedures are followed. Emergency contact information is posted by the phones near the hazardous waste storage and the chemical stock room A. Solid Material Spills Alert other persons to the spill and the need to evacuate the area. Cordon off the area. Determine the degree of hazard before attempting to clean up and take the necessary preventative measures (e.g., PPE). Wear PPE appropriate for the situation. Generally, solids of low toxicity can be swept up into a dustpan and placed into a container compatible with the chemical. Damp toweling should be used to pick up and transfer materials of higher toxicity level to a compatible waste container. Review the MSDS/SDS to confirm that the material is not water sensitive before using this procedure. Double bag contaminated clean up materials and seal. Label disposal containers or bags with a descriptive name, the words Hazardous Waste, and the date. When clean-up operations are complete, wash hands with soap and water. Clean, dry, and place PPE back in storage. Arrange for proper storage and disposal of hazardous waste with the laboratory and safety coordinators. IEA, Inc. Page 15 of 25

18 Section 7 Chemical Spills, Accidents and Emergencies (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: B. Liquid Chemical Spills Alert other persons to the spill and the need to evacuate the area. Cordon off the area. Determine the degree of hazard before attempting to clean up and take the necessary preventative measures (e.g., PPE). Wear PPE (goggles, face shield, gloves) appropriate for the situation. Confine or contain spill to smallest area possible with absorbent pads or absorbent dikes from designated spill kits to prevent liquid from going down a floor drain. For small quantities of spills, use absorbent pads from spill kits. For large spills, contain spill using absorbent dikes. After containment of spill, contact laboratory and safety coordinator. Carefully pick up broken glass using mechanical means such as tongs or a broom and dustpan (do not use your fingers). Carefully pick up and clean cartons, bottles, or equipment that may have been splashed and contaminated. If absorbent has been used to clean up flammable or volatile chemicals, store in a well-ventilated area, away from heat or ignition sources. Double bag contaminated clean up materials and seal. These materials must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Label all disposal containers or bags with a descriptive name, the words Hazardous Waste, and the date. When clean-up operations are complete, wash hands with soap and water. Clean, dry, and place non-disposable PPE back in storage. Arrange for proper storage and disposal of hazardous waste with the laboratory and safety coordinators. Never assume gases or vapors do not exist or are harmless because of a lack of smell. Many hazardous chemicals anesthetize the nose and the sense of smell is eliminated, or they do not have any odor at all. For further information on proper hazardous waste disposal, please refer to Bethel University s Management Plan for Hazardous Waste. IEA, Inc. Page 16 of 25

19 Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 1/14/ HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 8.1 Particularly Hazardous Substances Within the definition of hazardous substances, the OSHA Laboratory Standard includes a subcategory called "particularly hazardous substances." These are: A. Substances with High Acute Toxicity 1. A chemical with an oral LD50 equal or less than 50 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), 2. A chemical with a dermal LD50 equal or less than 200 mg/kg when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours, 3. A chemical with an LC50 equal or less than 200 ppm by volume or 2 mg/liter of mist, fume or dust over one hour of inhalation. B. Carcinogens 1. Regulated carcinogens listed in subpart Z of the OSHA standard. 2. Listed as known to be carcinogens in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program. 3. A Group 1 carcinogen carcinogenic to humans as well as group 2A and 2B reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). C. Reproductive Toxins 1. Mutagens or substances causing chromosomal damage 2. Teratogens or substances having an effect on a fetus 3. For a detailed list of reproductive toxins, go to: Some chemicals meeting the definition of a particularly hazardous chemical are used in the instructional labs. Please refer to Appendix G for list of high and very high risk chemicals. When this occurs, in addition to following the usual lab rules, the following procedures should be used: Keep quantities to an absolute minimum. This normally means that less than 60 ml of a solution or liquid reagent should be at each work station or that the materials shall only be used in a hood. Students should be informed of the particular hazard by way of written or verbal warnings. Volatile chemicals should be used in the hood and students will be closely supervised by the laboratory instructor. Materials should always be used with spill containment. Students may be required to wear gloves depending on the material handled. Students should wash their hands following use of these materials. In the event that a student worker is required to handle a particularly hazardous chemical, each of the applicable requirements listed above will be followed with the addition provision that the work may only be done at the direction of and with the direct supervision of the laboratory and safety coordinator or a faculty member. IEA, Inc. Page 17 of 25

20 Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 1/14/ Procedure-Specific Safety Procedures Employees should read and understand these practices before commencing a procedure. Employees must also receive prior approval from the LSC before procuring, commencing work with, or disposing any of the types of materials listed in this section. A. Procedures for Toxic Chemicals Chemicals that are considered toxic can often be identified on the manufacturer s label. On labels using the GHS hazard identification system, they can be identified by either a or a symbol. On NFPA labels (diamond-shaped), there will be a 3 or 4 in the blue section of the label. The MSDS/SDS for many of the chemicals used in the laboratory will state recommended limits or OSHA-mandated exposure limits in section 8 of the SDS format. Typical limits are threshold limit values (TLV), permissible exposure limits (PEL), and action levels. When such limits are stated, they will be used to assist the Chemical Hygiene Officer in determining the safety precautions, control measures, and safety apparel that apply when working with toxic chemicals. 1. When a TLV or PEL value is less than 50 parts per million (ppm) or 100 milligrams per cubic meter of air (mg/m 3 ), the user of the chemical must use it in an operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or similar device, which is equipped with appropriate traps and/or scrubbers. If none are available, no work should be performed using that chemical. 2. If a TLV, PEL, or comparable value is not available for that substance, the animal or human median inhalation lethal concentration information will be reviewed. If that value is less than 200 ppm or 2000 mg/m 3 (when administered continuously for one hour or less) then the chemical must be used in an operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or similar device, which is equipped with appropriate traps and/or scrubbers. If none are available, no work should be performed using that chemical. 3. Whenever laboratory handling of toxic substances with moderate or greater vapor pressures will be likely to exceed air concentration limits, laboratory work with such liquids and solids will be conducted in a fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or similar device, which is equipped with appropriate traps and/or scrubbers. If none are available, no work should be performed using that chemical. B. Procedures for Flammable Chemicals In general, the flammability of a chemical is determined by its flash point, the lowest temperature at which an ignition source can cause the chemical to ignite momentarily under certain controlled conditions. Flammability information is often given in the manufacturer s MSDS/SDS and may be found in section 2 of the SDS format. 1. Chemicals with a flash point below 200 o F (93.3 o C) will be considered firehazard chemicals." 2. Chemicals that are a fire hazard can often be identified on the manufacturer s label. On labels using the GHS hazard identification system, they can be identified by either a or a (for explosive risks) symbol. On NFPA labels, there will be a 1 through 4 in the red section of the label. IEA, Inc. Page 18 of 25

21 Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 1/14/ OSHA standards and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines on when a chemical is considered flammable apply to the use of flammable chemicals in the laboratory. In all work with fire-hazard chemicals, follow the requirements of 29 CFR, subparts H and L; NFPA Manual 30, "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code"; and NFPA Manual 45, "Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals." 4. Fire-hazard chemicals should be stored in a flammable-solvent storage area or in storage cabinets designed for flammable materials. 5. Fire-hazard chemicals should be used only in vented hoods and away from sources of ignition. C. Procedures for Corrosive Chemicals and Contact Hazard Chemicals Chemicals that are considered corrosive can often be identified on the manufacturer s label. On labels using the GHS hazard identification system, they can be identified by either a (corrosivity) or a (allergy and sensitivity) symbol. On labels with the NFPA symbol there will be a 3 or 4 in the blue section of the label. Corrosivity, allergenic, and sensitizer information is sometimes given in manufacturers' MSDS/SDS, often in section 2 and section 11 on the SDS format. Also, guidelines on which chemicals are corrosive can be found in other OSHA standards and in regulations promulgated by DCRT in 49 CFR and the EPA in 40 CFR. 1. A corrosive chemical is one that: a. Fits the OSHA definition of corrosive in Appendix A of 29 CFR , b. Fits the EPA definition of corrosive in 40 CFR (has a ph greater than 12 or less than 2.5), or c. Is known or found to be corrosive to living tissue. 2. A contact-hazard chemical is an allergen or sensitizer that: a. Is so identified or described in the MSDS/SDS or on the label, b. Is so identified or described in the medical or industrial hygiene literature, or c. Is known or found to be an allergen or sensitizer. 3. Handle corrosive chemicals with all proper safety precautions, including wearing both safety goggles and face shield, gloves tested for absence of pin holes and known to be resistant to permeation or penetration, and a laboratory apron or laboratory coat. D. Procedures for Controlled Substances The purchase, storage and use of many drugs are regulated under Federal Title 21 CFR Part 1300 and the Minnesota Board of Pharmacy (Minnesota Statutes Chapters 151 and 152) as controlled substances. Every person who engages in research with controlled substances must contact Dr. Jonathan Van Berkom at (DEA license registrant) prior to any orders or research/lab activities. Prior approval applies to all I-V (1-5) scheduled compounds including exempt compounds. The research use of these controlled substances can be hazardous based on the specific chemical properties and planned use. Health, safety, security, licensing, and waste concerns must be addressed prior to conducting research using controlled substances. IEA, Inc. Page 19 of 25

22 Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 1/14/2015 E. Procedures for Anesthetic Gases Anesthetic gases, used during research involving animals, must be properly controlled to avoid overexposure of the researcher to the chemical. Workers acutely exposed to excess amounts of anesthetic gas can experience symptoms of drowsiness, headache, nausea, poor judgment and loss of coordination. Chronic symptoms of over-exposure can include liver, kidney and reproductive effects. Anesthetics of concern include carbon dioxide, ether and halogenated agents including: chloroform, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane and trichloroethylene. Use of anesthetic gases requires engineering controls (typically ventilation) to remove chemicals from the workplace and prevent overexposure. For more specific information regarding working with anesthetic gases please see the Bethel Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee s (IACUC) Nonflammable Anesthetic Gases document for additional information. This document along with other supporting documents can be found on the Universities IACUC website ( or by contacting the IACUC committee. F. Procedures for Radioactive Materials and Radiation-Producing Devices The usage of radioactive material compounds or chemicals and radiation-producing devices require prior authorization by the Radiation Safety Officer (RSO). The Bethel University RSO is Dr. Joyce Doan. Dr. Doan s office is AC123 and she also can be contacted at Before the use or ordering of any radioactive material or radiation-producing devices, the user must contact the Bethel University (RSO). In addition to contacting the RSO, there are mandatory regulatory and training requirements specified by the Minnesota Department of Health Radioactive Materials unit, the Federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and other agencies that apply to the procurement, use, and disposal of radioactive materials and radiation-producing devices. The failure to comply with these requirements can result in serious consequences including temporary suspension of usage of radioactive material or radiation-producing device use and financial fines. G. Procedures for Nanomaterials Nanotechnology research at Bethel includes handling, storing, transporting between labs, and characterizing nanoparticles and nano-thin films. These engineered nanostructures are designed to display unusual properties not seen in a natural setting. In the physics department, these are typically metallic in nature especially Au, Ag, Cr, Ti, Al, and Cu and their optical properties are being studied. Because of their properties, nanomaterials may pose several risks (even for inert materials such as Au) such as longevity of the particles, chemical reactivity of the particles, or health exposure risks that are not yet well know. Researchers studying nanomaterials may be exposed through inhalation, skin contact or ingestion. Beyond this, the manufacturing of nanomaterials often requires the use of hazardous materials for etching, cleaning, and preparing surfaces. Therefore, care must be taken to maintain a clean and safe work environment. For example, all fabrication of any nanomaterials occurs in a designated cleanroom space. This room continually filters IEA, Inc. Page 20 of 25

23 Section 8 Hazardous Chemicals (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 1/14/2015 the air of particles and contamination. All student workers are required to wear gloves and eyewear when entering the cleanroom space, and if handling any chemicals, a heavy apron and face shield. These chemicals, e.g. H2SO4, are stored, handled, and disposed of exclusively in the cleanroom space. Likewise, handling and disposal of nanomaterials is done to avoid introducing any into the environment. For example, waste nano-particles and nano-flakes of Au are disposed of in a sealed bag for professional removal. Further guidelines posted by OSHA about working safely with nanomterials can be seen here: pdf IEA, Inc. Page 21 of 25

24 Section 9 Exposure Assessments, Medical Consultations & Examinations Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 9.0 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS, MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS & EXAMINATIONS 9.1 Exposure Assessments A. Suspected Exposures to Toxic Substances When employees or supervisors suspect that an employee has been exposed to a hazardous chemical to a degree and in a manner that might have caused harm, the affected individual is entitled to a medical consultation and, if so determined in the consultation, also to a medical examination at no cost or loss of pay. B. Criteria for Reasonable Suspicion of Exposure 1. It is the policy of Bethel University to promptly investigate all employeereported incidents in which there is even a remote possibility of employee overexposure to a toxic substance. 2. Events or circumstances that might reasonably constitute over-exposure include: a. A hazardous chemical leaked or was spilled or was otherwise rapidly released in an uncontrolled manner. b. A laboratory employee had direct skin or eye contact with a hazardous chemical. c. A laboratory employee manifests symptoms, and some or all of the symptoms disappear when the person is taken away from the exposure area, and the symptoms reappear soon after the employee returns to work with the same hazardous chemicals. d. Two or more persons in the same laboratory work area have similar complaints. C. Exposures All complaints and concerns are to be documented. If no further assessment of the event is deemed necessary, the reason for that decision should be included in the documentation. If the decision is to investigate, a formal exposure assessment will be initiated. D. Exposure Assessment In cases of emergency, exposure assessments are conducted after the victim has been treated. The purpose of an exposure assessment is to determine that there was, or was not, an exposure that might have caused harm and, if so, to identify the hazardous chemical(s) involved. Other investigations might use results and conclusions from an exposure assessment, along with other information, to derive recommendations that will prevent or mitigate future overexposures. However, exposure assessments determine facts; they do not make recommendations. 1. Unless circumstances suggest other or additional steps, these actions constitute an exposure assessment: a. Interview the concerned/affected individual(s). b. List the essential information about the circumstances of the potential exposure, including: IEA, Inc. Page 22 of 25

25 Section 9 Exposure Assessments, Medical Consultations & Examinations (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: The chemical under suspicion. Other chemicals used by victim. All chemicals being used by others in the immediate area. Other chemicals stored in that area. Symptoms exhibited or claimed by the victim. How these symptoms compare to symptoms stated in the MSDS/SDS Were control measures, such as PPE and hoods, used properly? Were air sampling or monitoring devices in place? If so, are the measurements obtained from these devices consistent with other information? 2. Monitor or sample the air in the area for suspect chemicals. 3. Determine whether the affected person's symptoms compare to the symptoms described in the MSDS/SDS or other pertinent scientific literature. 4. Determine whether the present control measures and safety procedures are adequate. E. Notification of Results of Monitoring Within 15 working days of receipt of the results of any monitoring, notify employees of those results. 9.2 Medical Consultations & Examinations The details of medical consultations and examinations are determined by the physician. The purpose of a medical consultation is to determine whether a medical examination is warranted. When, from the results of an exposure assessment, it is suspected or known that an employee was overexposed to a hazardous chemical or chemicals, the employee should obtain medical consultation from or be under the direct supervision of a licensed physician. When warranted, employees also should receive a medical examination from or under the direct supervision of a licensed physician who is experienced in treating chemical overexposure. The medical professional should also be knowledgeable about which tests or procedures are appropriate to determine if there has been an overexposure; these diagnostic techniques are called "differential diagnoses." These provisions apply to medical consultations and examinations: 1. Provide employees who work with hazardous chemicals an opportunity to receive medical consultation and examination when: a. The employee develops signs or symptoms associated with a hazardous chemical to which the employee may have been exposed in the laboratory. b. Monitoring, routine or otherwise, suggests that there could have been an exposure above the action level, or PEL if there is no action level, for a chemical for which a substance-specific standard has been established. c. There is a spill, leak, or other uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical. 2. Provide the physician with: a. The identity and quantity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the employee may have been exposed. b. A description of the circumstances surrounding the exposure. The signs and symptoms of exposure the individual is experiencing, if any. IEA, Inc. Page 23 of 25

26 Section 9 Exposure Assessments, Medical Consultations & Examinations (Continued) Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 3. Ordinarily, physicians will furnish to the employer in written form: a. Recommendations for follow-up, if determined to be pertinent. b. A record of the results of the consultation and, if applicable, of the examination and any tests that were conducted. c. Conclusions concerning any other medical condition noted that could put the employee at increased risk. d. A statement that the employee has been informed both of the results of the consultation or examination and of any medical condition that may require further examination or treatment. 4. These written statements and records should not reveal specific findings that are not related to an occupational exposure. A. Documentation All memos, notes, and reports related to a complaint of actual or possible exposure to hazardous chemicals are to be maintained as part of the record. Medical records are to be filed with confidential employee records. B. Notification Employees shall be notified of the results of any medical consultation or examination with regard to any medical condition that exists or might exist as a result of overexposure to a hazardous chemical. IEA, Inc. Page 24 of 25

27 Section 10 Recordkeeping Date: 8/26/13 Revised: 10.0 RECORDKEEPING The Chemical Hygiene Plan is maintained in the office of the Chemical Hygiene Officer and with the Laboratory Safety Officers in the Biology, Chemistry, and Physics departments. In addition, the following records are retained at the locations indicated: Accident investigations... Bethel Security and Safety Chemical inventories... In a binder in each department's main stockroom MSDS/SDS... MSDSonline Medical records... Bethel University Health Services Office Training agendas and sign-in sheets... Chemical Hygiene Officer IEA, Inc. Page 25 of 25

28 Appendix A Health Effects & Common Lab Hazards

29 Health Effects Definitions and Criteria Chemicals that meet any of the following definitions or criteria are considered health hazards: CRITERIA 1. Carcinogenicity: A determination by the National Toxicology Program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or OSHA that a chemical is a carcinogen or potential carcinogen will be considered conclusive evidence for purposes of this program. 2. Human data: Where available, epidemiological studies and case reports of adverse health effects shall be considered in the evaluation. 3. Animal data: Human evidence of health effects in exposed populations is generally not available for the majority of chemicals produced or used in the workplace. Therefore, the available results of toxicological testing in animal populations shall be used to predict the health effects that may be experienced by exposed workers. In particular, the definitions of certain acute hazards refer to specific animal testing results. 4. Adequacy and reporting of data: The results of any study which is designed and conducted according to established scientific principles, and which report statistically significant conclusions regarding the health effects of a chemical, shall be sufficient basis for a hazard determination. DEFINITIONS: 1. Carcinogen: A chemical is considered a carcinogen if: It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen. 2. Corrosive: A chemical that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of the contact. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces. 3. Highly toxic: A chemical falling within any of the following categories: A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 50 mg or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between g each. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 200 mg or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24-hours (or less if death occurs within 24-hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2-3 kg each. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of gas or vapor, or 2 mg per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between grams each. 4. Irritant: A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is an eye irritant if so determined under the procedure listed in 16 CFR or other appropriate techniques. 5. Sensitizer: A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical.

30 6. Toxic: A chemical falling within any of the following categories: A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 50 mg per kilogram but not more than 500 mg per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between g each. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 200 mg per kilogram but not more than 1000 mg per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24-hours (or less if death occurs within 24-hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2-3 kg each. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) in air of more than 200 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, but not more than 2000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 mg per liter but not more than 20 mg per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between grams each. 7. Target organ effects: Following is a target organ categorization of effects that may occur, including examples of signs and symptoms and chemicals that have been found to cause such effects. These examples are presented to illustrate the range and diversity of effects and hazards found in the workplace and the broad scope to be considered in this area but are not intended to be all-inclusive. Hepatotoxins: Nephrotoxins: Neurotoxic: Blood affecting agents: Lung damaging agents: Reproductive toxins: Cutaneous hazards: Eye hazards Chemicals that produce liver damage Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement Chemicals: Solvents such as toluene, xylene, carbon tetrachloride, nitrosamine Chemicals that produce kidney damage Signs and Symptoms: Edema, proteinuria, hematuria, casts Chemicals: Halogenated hydrocarbons, uranium Chemicals that produce their primary effect on the nervous system Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, coma, decrease in motor functions Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead Decrease hemoglobin function; deprive the body tissue of oxygen Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, anemia, immune function depression Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanide Chemicals that damage the pulmonary function Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in chest, shortness of breath Chemicals: Silica, asbestos, organic fibers such as cellulose-cotton Chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility, functionality Chemicals: Lead, DBCP, some blood pressure medications Chemicals that affect the dermal layer of the body Signs and Symptoms: Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation, and discoloration Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds, soaps, solvents Chemicals that affect the eye or visual capacity Signs and Symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage, blephaharitis Chemicals: Organic solvents, acids, alkalis

31 Common University Laboratory Hazards Explosions Explosions may occur under a number of conditions: Runaway or exceedingly violent chemical reaction Ignition of escaping gases or vapors Ignition of confined vapors with subsequent rupture of the containment vessel Rupture of a system due to overpressure caused by other mechanisms Violent implosion of a large vessel operating below atmospheric pressure Injuries can occur because of: The shock wave from a detonation or deflagration Heat or flames from the explosion Flying debris There are certain precautions that can be taken to reduce the risk of an explosion or the damage from an explosion: Do not store flammable materials in close proximity to a fume hood (less fuel for the fire) Do not use a fume hood as a storage area (less fuel for the fire and less flying debris) Minimize the amount of material involved in an experiment Provide and require the use of protective equipment such as safety goggles Explosives Most university facilities should not have explosive materials in their laboratories; however, there may be potential explosives in certain circumstances. Highly Reactive Shock/Heat-Sensitive Materials Ammonium Perchlorate 1-Chloro-2, 4-Dinitrobenzene Ethyl Nitrate Ammonium Permanganate Cumene Hydroperoxide Hydroxylamine Anhydrous Perchloric Acid Diacetyl Peroxide Peroxyacetic Acid Butyl Hydroperoxide Dibenzoyl Peroxide Picric Acid Butyl Perbenzoate Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate Trinitrobenzene Butyl Peroxyacetate, tert Dinitrobenzene (ortho) Trinitrophenol Butyl Peroxypivalate, tert Ethyl Methyl Ketone Peroxide Trinitrotoluene Safety measures taken in storing potential explosives are as follows: Keep the minimum quantities needed in a cool, dry area, protected from heat and shock. The materials should be segregated during storage from materials with which they could react as well as flammables, corrosives, and other chemicals, which are likely to interact with each other. Potentially explosive materials should be stored and used in an area posted with a sign in prominent letters: CAUTION! POTENTIAL EXPLOSIVE HAZARD If the material is being kept because of its potentially explosive properties, it should be treated as an explosive of the appropriate class and kept in a magazine or the equivalent. Make sure that all occupants of the laboratory are aware of the potential risks and are trained in emergency procedures, including evacuation procedures, fire containment, and emergency first aid for physical injuries that might result from an explosion.

32 Ethers Ethers tend to form explosive peroxides with age, due to exposure to light and air. It is therefore preferable to use small containers when working with ethers. Peroxides can be unstable and detonate with extreme violence when they become concentrated by evaporation or distillation, when combined with other compounds that give a detonatable mixture, or when disturbed by unusual heat, shock, or friction. Some Materials That Tend to Form Peroxides Acrolein Cumene Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether Methyl Acetylene Aldehydes Cyclohexane Diethyl Ether o-methylanisole Allyl Ethyl Ether Cyclooctene Dimethyl Ether Tetrahydrofuran Butadiene Diacetylene Dimethyl Isopropyl Ether Vinyl Acetate. Perchloric Acid Perchloric acid is a strong, colorless, and oily liquid. Contact with the skin, eyes, or the respiratory tract will produce severe burns. When cold, its properties are those of a strong acid, but when hot, the acid acts as a strong oxidizing agent. Aqueous perchloric acid can cause violent explosions if misused or when in concentrations greater than the normal commercial strength (72%). Anhydrous perchloric acid is unstable even at room temperatures and ultimately decomposes spontaneously with a violent explosion. Contact with oxidizable material can cause an immediate explosion. Anhydrous perchloric acid will explode when in contact with wood, paper, carbon, and organic solvents. Flammable Liquids Flammable liquids are stored in flammable material storage cabinets, preferably with venting. Two of the most dangerous storage units in any laboratory are the ordinary refrigerator and freezer. Refrigerators intended for the storage of laboratory supplies and chemicals should not be used for personal items, especially food and beverages. Refrigerators contain sources of ignition, such as the light, the thermostat, or the defrost heater. A refrigerator is also a confined space in which vapors can be trapped. The combination of these two situations represents a potential explosion hazard. Gas Cylinders Compressed gas cylinders are under high pressure and have varying hazardous compositions. The integrity of the cylinder must be maintained. Corrosive Chemicals Corrosive chemicals can cause severe injuries if they are splashed on the body, especially in the eyes. Resulting skin injuries are slow to heal and eye injuries may be permanent. Corrosive chemicals can also cause severe injury to the respiratory system through inhalation. Ingestion can cause immediate injury to the mouth, throat, and stomach. Work with corrosive materials should be conducted in a fume hood, especially when there is concern about inhalation hazards. Every student laboratory should be equipped with deluge shower/eyewash combinations and appropriate PPE must be available and used. Make sure you and all laboratory occupants know the location and function of safety eyewash and shower devices. Keep container sizes and quantities on hand as small as possible. Always store chemical containers in a cabinet or on low shelves and follow all chemical segregation rules. Keep unused containers in storage and store the containers in cabinets or on low shelves. Always add acid to water and never water to acid.

33 Some classes of corrosive chemicals: Strong Acids: In general, inorganic acids are more dangerous than organic acids. Strong Alkalis: Ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide are examples. Non-Metal Chlorides: Phosphorous trichloride and corresponding bromides react violently with water. Dehydrating Agents: When added to water too rapidly, these materials can cause violent reactions accompanied by sputtering. Examples are: H 2 SO 4, NaOH, P 2 O 5, CaO, C 2 H 4 O 2. Halogens: Because these chemicals are gases, they present inhalation hazards. High Energy Oxidizers Oxidizing agents such as chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, nitric acid, nitrates, nitrites, and permanganates undergo vigorous reactions when they come into contact with easily oxidized materials such as metal powders, wood, paper, and other organic compounds. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine react similarly to oxygen and are classified as oxidizing agents as well. Containers of oxidizing agents may explode if they are involved in a fire. The quantities of strong oxidizing agents within the laboratory is minimized and separated from incompatible materials. The containers should be protected glass with inert stoppers instead of rubber or cork. Work with oxidizers should always be performed in a hood with appropriate safety features. Oxidizing agents should be heated with fiberglass heating mantles or sand baths. Sturdy gloves and eye protection that provide chemical splash and impact protection are mandatory. Examples of High-Energy Oxidizers: Ammonium Permanganate (NH 4 MnO 4 ) Potassium Bromate (KBrO 3 ) Ammonium Nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) Potassium Chlorate (KClO 3 ) Bromine (Br) Potassium Perchlorate (KClO 4 ) Calcium Chlorate (Ca[ClO 3 ] 2.2H 2 O) Potassium Peroxide (K 2 O 3 ) Chlorine Trifluoride (ClF 3 ) Sodium Chlorate (NaClO 3 ) Chromic Acid (CrO 3 ) Sodium Chlorite (NaClO 2 ) Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Sodium Perchlorate (NaClO 4 ) Nitric Acid (HNO 3 ) Sodium Peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) Perchloric Acid (HClO 4 ) Flammable Solvents When working with flammable solvents, there should be no sources of ignition in the vicinity, and use only nonsparking equipment. When transferring flammable liquids using metal containers, the containers are bonded to prevent accumulation and discharge of static energy. Flammables are heated with safe heating mantles, heating baths, or explosion-proof heating equipment. Any spark-emitting motors are removed from the area. Flammable materials are stored in an approved area, storage cabinet, refrigerator, or freezer. Reactive Metals. Lithium, potassium, and sodium, as well as many other substances react vigorously with moisture. Lithium and sodium are stored in mineral oil or other hydrocarbon liquids that are free of oxygen and water. Potassium is stored under dry xylene. No one should plan to work with these materials without carefully evaluating the chemistry involved for potential hazards. The materials are treated with care, which their properties demand at all times. These materials should always be used in a hood and a Class D fire extinguisher should be available. Carbon dioxide or halogenated types should not be used. PPE is required.

34 Carcinogens Chemicals are classified as to their carcinogenic risks to humans and by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the National Toxicology Program (NTP); and the Environmental Protection Agency s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Use of known carcinogenic chemicals and/or materials for classroom experiments is prohibited. All carcinogenic chemicals and/or materials must be substituted with a less hazardous material or use a different, less hazardous experiment. Mercury Very high exposures to mercury vapor can cause acute poisoning and/or death. Symptoms usually begin with cough, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and upset stomach. Acute inhalation of mercury vapor may result in chills, nausea, general malaise, tightness in the chest, chest pain, difficulty breathing, cough, kidney damage, gingivitis, salivation, diarrhea, and death. Mercury is considered a poison and the routes of exposure include inhalation, ingestion, and absorption. The most common route of exposure for elemental mercury is inhalation. The most common route for of exposure for organic mercury is ingestion. The university has been working toward becoming a mercury-free environment. Employees are not authorized to purchase, rent, accept donations of, or bring in mercury containing science equipment or chemicals. Electrical Systems Most hazards associated with the use of electricity stem from electrical shock, resistive heating, and ignition of flammables. Accidents and incidents occur because of a failure to anticipate all of the ways in which these hazards may occur in a laboratory environment. Resistive heating can occur in a number of ways, including poor connections, undersized wiring or electrical components, overloaded wiring or components, or inadequate ventilation of equipment. Do not use sparking motors in equipment that will be used where vapors can be generated, such as blenders, evaporators, or stirrers. Induction motors should be used in most laboratories instead of series-wound electric motors. Ordinary household equipment is not suitable for use in laboratories that use flammable solvents. Any device in which an electrical circuit makes and breaks, such as an on/off switch, is a potential source of ignition for flammable gases. Choose equipment that can be used safely by staff and students. A few methods to prevent individuals from coming into contact with electricity are: Exclude unqualified personnel from working on or near electrical equipment Provide insulation, grounding, good wiring practices, and mechanical devices Use good judgment and exercise appropriate care to the risk Maintain a scheduled program of preventative maintenance Precautions for Using Electrical Equipment Under certain circumstances, contact with as little as twenty-four volts of electricity may result in a fatal shock. Low-voltage DC circuits do not normally present a hazard to human life, although severe burns are possible. The time of contact with a live circuit affects the degree of damage, especially as far as burns are concerned. Recommendations for minimizing electrical hazards follow: Only individuals qualified by training or experience should maintain electric or electronic equipment. Electric wires should never be used as supports. Live wires should not be pulled. Any electrical failure or any evidence of undue heating of equipment should be reported immediately to the laboratory and safety coordinator and/or the maintenance department. All electrical equipment should be periodically inspected to be certain the cords and plugs are in a safe condition and that only three-wire grounded, double insulated, or isolated wiring is used in 110v - 115v AC applications.

35 Static Electricity and Spark Hazards Some protection from static electricity and sparks in hazardous areas and in handling flammable solvents and other chemicals is obtained by proper grounding of containers and equipment. Static electricity is magnified by low absolute humidity, such as experienced during cold weather. Some common potential sources of sparks and electrostatic discharges are: Ungrounded metal tanks and containers Clothing or containers made of plastic or synthetic materials The making and breaking of an electric circuit while the circuit is energized (switching, pulling plugs) Temperature control systems in hot plates Metal-based clamps or wire used with non-conducting hoses Brush motors and hot air dryers Distillation Units Distillation is a common method of separation and purification used in laboratories. Potential dangers arise from pressure buildup, the common use of flammable materials, and the necessity for heat to vaporize the chemicals involved. A variety of apparatus designs are used to accomplish distillations at atmospheric pressure, under inert atmospheres, at reduced pressure (vacuum distillation), or the addition of steam to the distillation mixture (steam distillation). Careful design and construction of the distillation system is required to accomplish effective separation and to avoid leaks that can lead to fires or contamination of the work area. Smooth boiling is necessary during the separation process to avoid bumping which can blow apart the distillation apparatus. Stirring the distillation mixture is the best method to avoid sudden boiling (bumping). The use of boiling stones is only effective for distillations carried out at atmospheric pressure. Be sure that fresh boiling stones are used when a liquid is to be boiled without stirring. Do not add boiling stones or any other solid material to a liquid that is near its boiling point because this may cause it to boil over spontaneously. The source of heat is an important factor in the distillation process. Even heating can best be done by using an electric mantle heater, a ceramic cavity heater, steam coils, or a nonflammable liquid bath. Silicone oil or suitable high-boiling oil can be used if heated on a hot plate. Hot water or steam may be used where practical. An additional thermometer may be inserted very near the center bottom of the distilling flask to warn of dangerous, exothermic decomposition. Always avoid heating above the temperature directed in the procedure. Organic compounds must never be distilled or evaporated to dryness unless they are known to be free of peroxides. Most ethers, including cyclic ethers, form dangerously explosive peroxides on exposure to air and light. Many alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons, potassium metals, and other reagents can also form peroxides. Superheating and bumping frequently occur when distilling using reduced pressure. Therefore, it is important that the assembly be secured and the heat be distributed more evenly than is possible with a flame. Evacuate the assembly gradually to minimize the possibility of bumping. Stirring or use of an air or nitrogen bleed tube provides good vaporization without overheating and decomposition. A standing shield should be in place for protection in the event of an implosion. After finishing a reduced pressure distillation, cool the system before slowly bleeding in air because air may induce an explosion in a hot system. Pure nitrogen is always preferred to air and can be used even before cooling the system. When carrying out a steam distillation, minimize the accumulation of condensate in the distillation flask. Remember that the heat of condensation of steam is very high. Overfilling the flask is less likely if heated or insulated to prevent excessive condensation. Do not flood the condenser by running the steam in too fast.

36 Most distillation units operate with water-cooled condensers, therefore, it is essential for safe operation that the water supply be dependable. It is important that the line voltage used for the distillation remain relatively constant since even moderate changes will affect the rate of distillation. Do not allow distillation units to operate unattended. Breakage of the glass in a distillation unit can be caused by residual internal stresses in the glass, improper external supports, or by an accidental blow. It is strongly recommended that all parts of the glass distillation equipment be carefully annealed and checked for residual stress by means of polarized light. The column, head, and receivers can be supported by a rigid rod and heavy-duty clamps with clamp holders. Specific recommendations for support can be found in the CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety and other sources. Breakage due to accidental blows should be prevented by locating the still in a corner of the laboratory, out of the main line of traffic, and by the use of adequate safety shields. Extractions Extractions can present a hazard because of the potential buildup of pressure from a volatile solvent and an immiscible aqueous phase. Glass separatory funnels used in laboratory operations are particularly susceptible to problems because their stoppers or stopcocks can be forced out, resulting in a spill of the contained liquid. It is even possible for pressure to burst the vessel. Here is the way to use a separatory funnel correctly: Do not attempt to extract a solution until it is cooler than the boiling point of the extractant. When a volatile solvent is used, the unstoppered separatory funnel should first be swirled to allow some solvent to vaporize and expel some air. Close the funnel and invert it with the stopper held in place and immediately open the stopcock to release more air plus vapor. This should be done with the hand encompassing the barrel to keep the stopcock closed, shake with a swirl, and immediately open the stopcock with the funnel in the inverted position to again vent the vapors. If it is necessary to use a separatory funnel larger than 1 liter for an extraction with a volatile solvent, the force on the stopper may be too great and cause the stopper to be expelled. Consider performing the extraction in several smaller batches. Temperature Control Many reactions must be initiated by heating. Since the rates of most reactions increase as the temperature increases, highly exothermic reactions can become dangerously violent unless provisions are made for adequate cooling. If too much of a reagent has been added initially, late induction of the reaction can cause it to become too vigorous for effective condensation of vapors unless a cooling bath is quickly applied to the reaction vessel. Viscous liquids transfer heat poorly and require special precautions. Reactions usually require some temperature control, and the apparatus should be assembled in such a way that either heating or cooling can be applied or withdrawn readily. Test tubes are held with a test-tube holder and heated gently along the side, not at the bottom, to minimize superheating, which may cause the contents to be ejected. Avoid pointing a test tube toward yourself or any nearby person. If possible, test tubes should be heated by placing them in a suitable hot water or hot oil bath. Oil and Sand Baths When hot oil or sand is used for heating purposes, extreme care must be taken to avoid overturning the bath, hazardous splattering caused by water falling into hot oil or hot sand, smoking caused by decomposition of the oil or of organic materials in the oil, and fire caused by overheated oil bursting into flames. Make sure to properly label, which includes the name of the oil and its safe working temperatures. Operating baths should not be left unattended without a warning label (hot oil) and a high-temperature shutoff. Precautions should be taken to contain any spills of hot oil caused by breaking or overturning of the baths.

37 Important considerations when using these types of baths include: Size and location of the bath Operating temperature and temperature control devices Type of oil used; e.g., silicone oil, Dow Corning 550, is suggested for most heating needs Available ventilation Method of cooling the hot oil Storage of oil for reuse Proximity to possible sources of spilled water or chemicals Cooling Baths and Cold Traps When ice water is not cool enough for use as a bath, salt and ice may be used. For even lower temperatures, dry ice may be used with an organic liquid. An ideal cooling liquid for use with dry ice should have nontoxic vapors, low viscosity, non-flammability, and low volatility. Ether, acetone, and butanone are too volatile and flammable. The final choice of a liquid will also depend on the temperature requirements. Although no substance meets all these criteria, the following are suggested (numbers in parentheses signify above criteria which are not met): Ethylene or propylene glycol in a 3:2 ratio with water & thinned with isopropyl alcohol (criterion 2) Isopropyl alcohol (criterion 3) Some glycol ethers (criterion 2) Add the dry ice to the liquid or the liquid to the dry ice in small increments. Wait for the foaming to stop before proceeding with the addition. The rate of addition can be increased gradually as the liquid cools. Do not lower your head into a dry ice chest as no oxygen is present, and suffocation can result. Do not handle the dry ice with bare hands; if the skin is even slightly moist, severe burns can result. Use dry leather or suitable cryo-gloves. When chipping dry ice, wear goggles. Reduced Pressure Operations Vacuum desiccators should be protected by covering with cloth-backed friction or duct tape or enclosed in a box or approved shielding device for protection in case of an implosion. Only chemicals being dehydrated should be stored in a desiccator. Before opening a desiccator under reduced pressure, make sure that atmospheric pressure has been restored. A "frozen" desiccator lid can be loosened by using a single-edge razor blade as a wedge that is then tapped with a wooden block to raise the lid. All vacuum lines should be trapped and shielding should be used whenever the apparatus is under reduced pressure. Water aspirators for reduced pressure are used mainly for filtration purposes, and only equipment that is approved for this purpose should be used. Never apply reduced pressure to a flat-bottomed flask unless it is a heavy-walled filter flask designed for the purpose. Place a trap and a check valve between the aspirator and the apparatus so that water cannot be sucked back into the system if the water pressure should fall unexpectedly while filtering. These recommendations also apply to rotary evaporation equipment where water aspirators are being used for reduced pressure. If vacuum pumps are used, a cold trap should be placed between the apparatus and the vacuum pump so that volatiles from a reaction or distillation do not get into the pump oil or out into the atmosphere of the laboratory. When possible, exhausts from pumps should be vented to a hood. Pumps with belt drives should also have belt guards to prevent hands or loose clothing from being caught in the belt pulley.

38 Appendix B Training Checklist

39 Safety Training Checklist Science Department Responding to an emergency Locations of emergency phones Warn people in vicinity Inform supervisor or faculty member Location of first aid box Locations of fire alarm pull boxes Closest fire exits Work Rules Work only under direct supervision of lab manager or faculty Wear proper protective gear: goggles, lab apron, proper clothing, closed-toe shoes Working with Chemicals Read CHP prior to training and know location of CHP Know how to access MSDSonline Understand how to identify hazards of chemical Know proper method to transport chemicals Use of fume hoods Explain what to do in case of a chemical spill Explain what to do if a chemical is splashed onto the body Report all spill or splash incidents to the lab manager or supervising faculty Know locations of eye wash stations and safety shower Explain label requirements Know waste disposal requirements Working with Biohazards Wear gloves and proper personal protective equipment Wipe bench top with appropriate disinfectant at end of work session Dispose of all contaminated materials in biohazard labeled red bags or boxes Place all sharps in biohazard sharps container I have received the training checked above. (Signature) (Date) (Print Name) The above-named individual received the training checked above. (Signature of Laboratory and Safety Coordinator) (Date) (Print Name)

40 Appendix C Chemical Hygiene Program Activities Comprehensive Laboratory Inspection Checklist Periodic Laboratory Inspection Checklist Chemical Fume Hood Evaluation Chemical Fume Hood Locations Checklist for the Chemical Hygiene Officer

41 Overview of Chemical Hygiene Program Activities Bethel University August Fume Hood Evaluation* Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance* Compressed Gas Audit* September Periodic Laboratory Safety Checklist*** Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections October Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections November Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance* Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections December Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections January Periodic Laboratory Safety Checklist*** Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections February Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance* Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections March Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections April Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections May Neutralizing Tank Inspection/Maintenance* Annual Compliance Checklist for the CHO** Weekly Eyewash Inspection & Flush Fire Extinguisher Inspections To Be Determined Chemical Hygiene Training for Science Faculty Maintenance Activities Annual Fume Hood Maintenance: Inspect hood vent ducts and fans to be sure they are clean and clear of obstructions (performed subsequent to fume hood evaluations) Annual Eyewash & Shower Maintenance Annual Fire Extinguisher Maintenance (performed each June by outside vendor) As Needed Student Safety Instruction & Contract Ongoing Update Chemical Inventories & MSDS/SDS on MSDSonline : Each department handles internally * With assistance from IEA, Inc. ** To be handled by Chemical Hygiene Officer ***To be conducted by the Laboratory Safety Committee

42

43

44 Chemical Fume Hood Evaluation Form Name of University: Lab or Room #: Date: Evaluator: Hood Number and Identification: Measuring Device: Vaneometer Thermal Anemometer VelociCalc Air Velocity Meter Procedure 1. Verify hood is turned on and functioning. 2. Ready the measuring device. 3. Advise all room occupants to minimize movement while measurements are taken. 4. Raise the hood sash to approximately eighteen inches or until contact is made with the sash travel stoppers. Enter height of sash 5. Take nine airflow measurements in the center of equally distributed quadrants, as shown. Allow the measuring device to stabilize before reading value. Write the values at the X. HOOD Sash Height X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm inches X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm X= fpm X = Placement of measuring device 6. Average the nine flow readings: fpm ( is optimum, fpm is OK) Survey Notes Does the hood function well? Yes No What items are stored in the hood? What items are stored under the hood? Is the hood orderly? Yes No Corrective action recommended: Other Comments: Signature of Inspector Date

45 Bethel University (3900 Bethel Drive, Arden Hills) Fume Hood Locations Academic Center Storage Room 105 Storage Room Hood Room AC A B A B Room AC 108A New 1A New 1B New 2A New 2B New 3 Room AC 108C P Chem 1A P Chem 1B Room AC Organic 2 Chem Waste Room AC Student Research A 56 Student Research B Room AC 124 Hood in 124 Room AC 131 Hood in 131 Room AC 132 #1 Exhaust Fan 3 Room AC 137A Hood in 137A Room AC 157 Supreme Air LV Room AC 237 Hood in 237 Room AC Advanced Lab 1A 53 Advanced Lab 1B 53 Advanced Lab 2A 53 Advanced Lab 2B 53 Advanced Lab 3 Room AC Instrument Room Room AC 111A 56 Faculty Research 1 Room AC 111B 56 Faculty Research 2

46 Annual Program Compliance Checklist for the Chemical Hygiene Officer Name of Chemical Hygiene Officer: Building: YES NO Adequate time is provided in your schedule to review, guide, and improve upon the CHP. Corrective actions resulting from previous audits and reports have been completed to date. Required PPE and other safety devices are available. Rules regarding procurement, distribution, and storage of chemicals are being followed. All signs and labels are in place with respect to general product information. MSDS/SDS are available and complete. Waste is identified and stored appropriately. End of year laboratory checklists are being used and submitted for review. Housekeeping and other laboratory conditions are generally acceptable. Emergency equipment is inspected, as per requirements. Comments Please list other deficiencies or areas in need of improvement: Please list noteworthy improvements and successes you wish to be made known: Signature of CHO Date Signed

47 Appendix D Science Laboratory Safety Policies

48 BETHEL UNIVERSITY SCIENCE LABORATORY SAFETY POLICY (Faculty) This policy applies to all science laboratory courses offered at Bethel University. Each laboratory course has an additional laboratory safety sheet that is specific for that course. PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE SAFETY POLICY SHEET and sign the statement at the end. A student may not perform laboratory work unless the Laboratory Safety Policy and specific course Laboratory Safety Rules Sheet have been signed and submitted to the laboratory instructor. LABORATORY SAFETY Students must be aware of these overall safety requirements for laboratory courses and be prepared to be in compliance with these requirements. Students must: Know and appropriately implement safety regulations for specific science laboratory courses. Know the location of all safety features in a laboratory area, including, but not limited to, fire extinguishers, eye wash stations, fire blankets and spill control agents. Never bring food, beverages or tobacco into the laboratory areas at any time, whether or not a laboratory course is in session. Wear personal protective clothing and/or equipment, which is appropriate for the nature of the specific laboratory course, at all times during a laboratory session. Take precautions to prevent exposure of self and others to hazardous materials. Initiate appropriate emergency response measures when required. Never begin laboratory work until a qualified laboratory instructor is present. MEDICAL CONDITIONS and/or DISABILITIES Any student who has a medical condition/disability (such as, but not limited to, severe allergy, asthma, pregnancy, etc.) that may interfere with his/her ability to perform in the laboratory course must notify each laboratory instructor. The following information must be submitted 1) a statement of intent to continue the laboratory course during the semester, and 2) a letter that states the student has discussed enrollment in each laboratory course with his/her attending physician/medical practitioner. In order to earn course credits, the student must meet the course objectives. If, at any time, the physician/medical practitioner and the student decide that the activities of the student must be limited, written documentation from the physician/medical practitioner must be given to the laboratory course instructor. The science faculty will determine whether the limitation can be accommodated in a manner that would permit the student to successfully achieve the course objectives and satisfy the requirements of the course. Medical conditions which prevent achievement of course objectives will necessitate a medical withdrawal of the student from the course. A student who has identified a medical condition/disability that may interfere with the ability to perform in the laboratory course must submit the required documentation prior to participating in any laboratory work. A student who becomes aware of a medical condition/disability during the course of the semester must inform the instructor as soon as possible and provide all necessary written information. Any student with a medical condition/disability performing laboratory work without informing the course instructor or his/her own physician/medical practitioner must take full responsibility for any consequences. I have read and agree to uphold the policies stated above for laboratory courses. Signed Date Print Name: Course Number & Section: Revised August 2013

49 BETHEL UNIVERSITY SCIENCE LABORATORY SAFETY POLICY (Students) This policy applies to all science laboratory courses offered at Bethel University. Each laboratory course has an additional laboratory safety sheet that is specific for that course. PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE SAFETY POLICY SHEET and sign the statement at the end. A student may not perform laboratory work unless the Laboratory Safety Policy and specific course Laboratory Safety Rules Sheet have been signed and submitted to the laboratory instructor. LABORATORY SAFETY Students must be aware of these overall safety requirements for laboratory courses and be prepared to be in compliance with these requirements. Students must: Know and appropriately implement safety regulations for specific science laboratory courses. Know the location of all safety features in a laboratory area, including, but not limited to, fire extinguishers, eye wash stations, fire blankets and spill control agents. Never bring food, beverages or tobacco into the laboratory areas at any time, whether or not a laboratory course is in session. Wear personal protective clothing and/or equipment, which is appropriate for the nature of the specific laboratory course, at all times during a laboratory session. Take precautions to prevent exposure of self and others to hazardous materials, including proper disposal. Initiate appropriate emergency response measures when required. Never begin laboratory work until instructions are completed at each laboratory session. MEDICAL CONDITIONS and/or DISABILITIES Any student who has a medical condition/disability (such as, but not limited to, severe allergy, asthma, pregnancy, etc.) that may interfere with his/her ability to perform in the laboratory course must notify each laboratory instructor. The following information must be submitted 1) a statement of intent to continue the laboratory course during the semester, and 2) a letter that states the student has discussed enrollment in each laboratory course with his/her attending physician/medical practitioner In order to earn course credits, the student must meet the course objectives. If, at any time, the physician/medical practitioner and the student decide that the activities of the student must be limited, written documentation from the physician/medical practitioner must be given to the laboratory course instructor. The science faculty will determine whether the limitation can be accommodated in a manner that would permit the student to successfully achieve the course objectives and satisfy the requirements of the course. Medical conditions which prevent achievement of course objectives will necessitate a medical withdrawal of the student from the course. A student who has identified a medical condition/disability that may interfere with the ability to perform in the laboratory must submit the required documentation prior to participating in any laboratory work. A student who becomes aware of a medical condition/disability during the course of the semester must inform the instructor as soon as possible and provide all necessary written information. Any student with a medical condition/disability performing laboratory work without informing the course instructor or his/her own physician/medical practitioner must take full responsibility for any consequences. I have read and understand the policies stated above for laboratory courses. Signed Date Print Name: Course Number & Section: Revised August 2013

50 Appendix E The Laboratory Facility Chemical Storage Recommendations

51 The Laboratory Facility Design All chemical laboratories and associated work areas are supplied with properly functioning equipment as well as safety devices capable of adequately protecting laboratory instructors and students. Ownership and responsibility for each of these areas and associated equipment and safety devices is assigned by district administration or the CHO, as appropriate. Examples of required safety devices may include, but are not limited to: Personal protective equipment (goggles, gloves, aprons) Emergency shower and/or eyewash stations Fire extinguishers Spill control supplies Wash sinks and personal hygiene supplies Ventilation appropriate to control exposure hazards Appropriate laboratory cleaning supplies Use Laboratories and other science areas must be used for education purposes only. Any actual or suspected use other than for educational purposes must be promptly addressed by the instructor, CHO, and/or principal. Ventilation Ventilation systems greatly affect laboratory air quality. In Minnesota the current building code for ventilation follows ASHRAE Standard This standard specifies the amount of fresh air required to be delivered to classrooms based on occupancy, size of room, occupant usage of room, and effectiveness of ventilation systems. Ventilation is very important in chemical storerooms. Four air exchanges per hour is a minimum requirement. Air should be "pulled" from the floor level and exhausted directly to the outdoors. Exhaust Science lab classrooms require an exhaust rate of one cubic foot per minute per square foot of classroom area. This general exhaust is required in addition to any fume hood exhaust that may exist in the classroom.

52

53

54

55

56

57 Appendix F Permeation Resistance Guide for Chemical Resistant Gloves

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65