New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges
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1 New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, Martin Weiss, Barouch Giechaskiel, Francesco Riccobono European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC) IET - Institute for Energy and Transport 1
2 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 2
3 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 3
4 RDE-LDV general principles Test vehicles on the road Use accurate and advanced portable instruments Ex-ante trip selection urban, rural, motorway shares and their sequence road profile requirements for urban driving (idling) Ex-post data evaluation check of dynamic conditions by composite indicators Moving Averaging Window (MAW) method => CO 2 Power Binning (PB) method => power at the wheels check of vehicle dynamics (additional indicators) 4
5 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 5
6 RDE-LDV boundary conditions Ranges for all parameters (altitude, T amb, dynamics...) 6
7 RDE-LDV boundary conditions Ranges for all parameters (altitude, T amb, dynamics...) A single RDE test does not cover all the possible situations RDE limits shall be met for any parameters combination Risk with ex-post data evaluation invalidation of tests (insufficient coverage...) Wider ranges improve the practicality increased ability to realize a valid RDE trip 7
8 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 8
9 Testing protocol Trip selection and operational requirements PEMS installation Specifications of PEMS equipment Pre-tests and post-tests PEMS calibration 9
10 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 10
11 Testing Equipment Measurement performance Safety Size and installation 11
12 Testing Equipment Comparison of PEMS equipment mass Significant decrease of mass for new PEMS generation 12
13 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 13
14 Ex-post evaluation MAW method CO 2 to check driving dynamics vs. reference WLTP CO 2 values Power binning method P wheels to check driving dynamics vs. reference P distribution 14
15 Ex-post evaluation MAW method CO 2 can be used as trip severity indicator 15
16 Ex-post evaluation Complement the verification of vehicle dynamics Additional vehicle dynamics indicators (under discussion) 16
17 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 17
18 PEMS-PN: Project Overview Phase I (2012) Feasibility study application & performance of PEMS-PN vs PN reference (PMP) Intermediate step Update of specifications Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) efficiency of diffusion chargers (DC) Phase II (2014) confirmation of Phase I calibration procedures more accurate estimation of uncertainty Finalization of PEMS-PN technical specifications next steps under discussion 18
19 PEMS-PN: Phase I Results Diffusion charger based systems: good linearity with PMP 19
20 PEMS-PN: Phase I Results Volatile Particles Removers (VPR) recommended 20
21 PEMS-PN: Phase II, Topics Calibration in the laboratory Comparison with PMP systems Dependency on particle size Regeneration Volatile removal efficiency (moped 2-stroke) Ambient temperature effect Calibration at the CVS Bias and precision PASS or FAIL success rate Challenge aerosol (solid sub 23 nm) 21
22 PEMS-PN: Calibration PMP Significant errors for particles <30nm 22
23 PEMS-PN: Calibration Diffusion Charger Increasing response with increasing particles size 23
24 Overview RDE-LDV general principles RDE-LDV boundary conditions RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation RDE-LDV PEMS-PN Remarks 24
25 Remarks RDE-LDV trade-off Ex-ante Boundary testing conditions ranges & testing requirements => Impacts on testing representativeness Ex-post Check of dynamic conditions & vehicle dynamics => Impacts on vehicle performance judgement 25
26 Remarks PEMS-PN preliminary results diffusion charging seems a promising alternative to CPCs DCs, if adopted, will require more attention during calibration (low levels) instantaneous particles emissions 26
27 Acknowledgments We thank the participants of the RDE working group and the RDE data evaluation task force for their contribution to the development of the data evaluation methods. The staff of the Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (VELA) of the Joint research Centre (JRC): Andrea Bonamin, Mauro Cadario, Massimo Carriero, Rinaldo Colombo, Fausto Forni, Gaston Lanappe, Philippe Le Lijour, Dominique Lesueur, Francois Montigny, Marcos Otura Garcia and Mirco Sculati, is acknowledged for executing the vehicle emissions testing on the road and in the laboratory. 27
28 Contacts Light-Duty Vehicles: Martin Weiss: Pierre Bonnel: Theodoros G. Vlachos: PEMS-PN: Barouch Giechaskiel: Francesco Riccobono: Heavy-Duty Vehicles & Non-Road Mobile Machinery: Adolfo Perujo: Pablo Mendoza: 28
29 New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, Martin Weiss, Barouch Giechaskiel, Francesco Riccobono European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC) IET - Institute for Energy and Transport 29
30 Towards RDE: RCG vs. PEMS 30
31 Moving Averaging Windows 31
32 Reference of dynamic conditions 32
33 Urban/Rural/Motorway MAWs Urban: 45 / Rural: 45 / 80 / Motorway: 80 / 33
34 Trip Completeness Urban: Rural: Motorway:
35 Trip Normality Primary Tolerance: 25% Secondary Tolerance: 50% 35
36 Trip Normality Urban: Rural: Motorway:
37 Weighing function 37
38 PEMS-PN: Difference from PMP ±60% variation respect to PMP compliant system 38
39 PEMS-PN: Phase II vs. Phase I Good linearity with PMP compliant system 39
40 Phase II: Calibration, PMP Counting efficiency depends on efficiencies of VPR and PNC 40
41 Phase II: Calibration, DC Current (particles number*particle average charge) 41
42 Phase II: Calibration, DC vs PMP Expected range of GMDs Calibrated at 100nm monodisperse => 75nm polydisperse 42
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