Status of the CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments at Gran Sasso
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1 Status of the CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments at Gran Sasso S. Di Domizio INFN and University of Genova for the CUORE collaboration Weak Interactions and Neutrinos Natal, September
2 Neutrinoless double beta decay Decay diagram Energy spectrum Interesting isotopes Q-values and gamma background Experimental sensitivity Isotopic Detection abundance efficiency Detector mass Background index counts/(kev kg y) 2 Meas. time Energy resolution
3 Neutrinoless double beta decay: Decay diagram Energy spectrum 130 Te Interesting isotopes Q-values and gamma background Experimental sensitivity Isotopic Detection abundance efficiency Detector mass Background index counts/(kev kg y) 3 Meas. time Energy resolution
4 CUORE Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events Search for 0vDBD in TeO2 bolometers Te using an array of 988 natural 130 Detector parameters: 130 Te mass: 206 kg (~1027 nuclei) 988 TeO2 bolometers (741 kg) 19 towers 52 bolometers/tower Single bolometer: 5x5x5 cm3 TeO2 crystal 80 cm Goals: Resolution: 5 kev FWHM at 2.5 MeV Bkg: 0.01 counts/(kev kg y) Detector cool down at the end of
5 LNGS Underground laboratories INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy Gerda Cresst Lvd Xenon CUORE Icarus Borexino Dark Side 3650 m w.e. rock shield μ: 2.6 x 10-8 /(cm2 s) γ: ~0.73/(cm2 s) neutrons: 4 x 10-6 / (cm2 s)) Dama Opera 5
6 CUORE single module Energy releases produce a measurable temperature rise of the absorber crystal: E ΔT = C Heat bath (10 mk) OFHC copper Weak thermal link PTFE supports Sensor NTD Ge Thermistor Dimension: 5x5x5 cm3 M ~ 0.75 kg C ~ 10-9 J/K ΔT/ΔE ~ 100 μk/mev Sensor 100 μv/mev Absorber Absorber TeO2 crystal R = R0 exp[(t0/t)1/2] R ~ 100 MΩ ΔR/ΔE ~ 3 MΩ/MeV Output signal 5s 6
7 CUORE status and schedule Detector assembly started in February 2013 and will finish in June 2014 Crystals for 10 towers already glued with heaters and thermistors 6 towers assembled 4 towers already bonded and put to storage Cryostat commissioning and tests are ongoing and are scheduled to end in June 2014 Detector installation and commissioning will take place in the second half of 2014 Detectors will be cooled down at the end of
8 CUORE gluing Semi-automatic gluing system to improve the reproducibility of detector performances NTD sensors Joule heaters (for detector gain calibration) All operations performed in glove boxes to avoid radon recontamination 8
9 CUORE assembly Copper support structure Teflon supports Crystals Wire trays All operations performed in glove boxes to avoid radon recontamination 9
10 CUORE bonding Use a bonding machine to connect the sensors and the heaters to the wire tray pads with gold wires All operations performed in glove boxes to avoid radon recontamination 10
11 CUORE cryogenic apparatus Custom dilution refrigerator No cryogenic liquids ~1 ton of detector cooled down to 10 mk ~20 tons of material at low temperature Stringent radioactivity constraints on the materials Suspension: Multi stage suspension system Detectors suspended independently of the cryostat Calibration periodic insertion of 232Th source wires between the CUORE towers Cryogenic system underwent tests at LNGS IVC stable at 3K Dilution unit: ~5 mk reached Calibration system passed 4 K test 11
12 CUORICINO Took data at LNGS between 2003 and TeO2 bolometers 41 kg (11.3 kg in 130Te) Statistics: kg y in 130Te Resolution: 6.3 kev FWHM Bkg: 0.15 counts/(kev kg y) (790g crystals only) T 01/ν2 > % CL mβ β < ev Astropart. Phys. 34 (2011) Main background contributions Bkg spectrum Gammas from 208Tl (232Th cont. in cryostat shields): (30±10)% Radioactive contaminations from crystal surfaces: (10±5)% Radioactive contaminations from Cu holders surfaces: (50±20)% Tl 208 Bi Cal spectrum 214 Co degraded alphas 60 Qββ Crystal contamination: double hit Copper contamination: single hit 12
13 CUORE-0 A single CUORE-like tower: x5x5 cm TeO2 bolometers Test of the CUORE cleaning procedures Test of the CUORE assembly procedures A sensitive 0vDBD experiment Same detector mass as CUORICINO: TeO2 mass: 39 kg 130Te mass: ~11 kg Shielding: Internal and external lead shield Borated pohlyethylene shield Anti radon box Started data taking in March 2013 Operated in the CUORICINO cryostat: γ background not expected to change study background due to near surface contaminations 13
14 CUORE-0 exposure 14
15 CUORE-0 calibration: 232 Th Calibration performed by inserting a 232 Th source between the cryostat and the external lead shield Distribution of the energy resolution of the CUORE-0 bolometers Energy resolution: 6.3 kev FWHM 15
16 CUORE-0 background Energy resolution in bkg 5.6 kev FWHM U γ lines reduced by a factor 2 (better radon control) 232 Th γ lines unchanged (originate from the cryostat) 238 U and 232Th α lines reduced thanks to improved detector surface cleaning 238 Flat background Signal efficiency [%] Avg flat bkg [counts/(kev kg y)] 0vDBD region MeV region (detector + cuts) CUORICINO ± ± ± 1 CUORE ± ± ± 1 16
17 CUORE-0 background: DBD region (blinded) Pulse shape cuts not yet optimized Blinding procedure Exchange a small (blinded) fraction of 208Tl events (2615 kev) with events in the 0vDBD region, producing a fake peak 17
18 CUORE-0 sensitivity 18
19 CUORE background New cryostat with radio-pure materials: γ contributions are made negligible Less copper surface facing the crystals: α bkg from copper surfaces can be reduced More crystal surfaces facing each others: more effective anticoincidence, negligible α bkg from crystal surfaces Conservative upper limits T h i s i s t h e alpha continuum background measured in CUORE-0 (0.019 counts/(kev kg y) Full MC simulation still in progress 19
20 CUORE sensitivity CUORE 0vDBD half life sensitivity 1σ: 1.6 x 1026 y or mββ < mev 90% CL: 9.5 x 1025 y or mββ < mev Assumptions: 20 Background: 0.01 counts/(kev kg y) Resolution: 5 kev FWHM Live time: 5y
21 Conclusions Bolometers are very competitive detectors for 0vDBD search CUORE will search for 0vDBD in of TeO2 bolometers Te using a ton scale array 130 1σ half life sensitivity: 1.6 x 1026 y (or mev on mββ) Detector cool down scheduled by the end of 2014 CUORE-0 started taking data in March 2013 Invaluable test of the CUORE assembly procedure Energy resolution: 5.6 kev FWHM at 2.6 MeV Very promising background in the α region: cts/(kev kg y) 21
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