Broadway High School AP Chemistry

Transcription

1 Broadway High School AP Chemistry Mr. Ford Welcome to AP Chemistry! My name is Mr. Ford and I will be your AP Chemistry teacher this year. My certification is in Biology / Chemistry / Earth-Space Science / Physics, with a B.S.Ed. in comprehensive science education. AP Chemistry is designed to be the equivalent of two years of introductory chemistry in college. The AP Chemistry course is designed to be taken only after the successful completion of a first course in high school chemistry. Surveys of students who take the AP Chemistry Exam indicate that the probability of achieving a score of 3 or higher is significantly greater for students who successfully complete a first course in high-school chemistry prior to undertaking the AP course. Thus it is strongly recommended that credit in a first- year high school chemistry course be a prerequisite for enrollment in an AP Chemistry class. In addition, the recommended mathematics prerequisite for an AP Chemistry class is the successful completion of a second-year algebra course. The advanced work in chemistry should not displace any other part of the student s science curriculum. It is highly desirable that a student have a course in secondary school physics and a four-year college-preparatory program in mathematics. Materials: - one notebook of your choice (a one-inch 3-ring loose leaf binder is best for handouts) - notebook paper - pencil and pen - scientific calculator to use at home (must have log functions) - Lab Portfolio for College credit (Teacher chosen, may need to purchase) Class Rules: 1) Follow all school policies. 2) Listen and follow instructions the first time they are given 3) Participate and contribute to a positive learning environment 4) Show integrity and abide by the BHS Honor Code 5) Be prepared and stay on task. 6) Be respectful / Be professional / Be mature 7) NO FOOD OR DRINK ALLOWED (this is a lab, not the cafeteria) 8) Return all supplies to the proper place and KEEP MY ROOM CLEAN! 9) You do not need your phone in this class. Leave it turned off and put away. Classroom Discipline Plan and Consequences: 1) Verbal warning (depending on severity) 2) 15 minute detention - This is to be served before or after school in Mr. Ford s Classroom. You have two days to serve or you will receive an office referral for noncompliance. 3) BIP Express and Parent Contact 4) Administrative referral - Arguing with the teacher or insubordination will not happen. It takes away class time from the other students in the room. If you, as a student, believe that I have been unfair in disciplining you then we will talk after class or after school. We will not take up class time to argue about the situation. - Gross misconduct such as violence, drugs, weapons, insubordination, etc. will be handled by administration as covered in the student handbook.

2 BHS School Wide Discipline Program: Be in your seat or assigned area before the tardy bell Have all materials and completed assignments with you to begin a class or activity Show the six pillars of character in school and in all extracurricular activities (no referrals) Honor System Statement: Academic Dishonesty (cheating) will result in a grade of 0 for the test or assignment for all people involved and will result in a referral. Academic dishonesty is defined as knowingly giving or receiving information or assistance on any graded work that is understood to be an example of individual effort. Academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to, the following: Copying, or allowing another student to copy an assignment. Having in your immediate possession unauthorized materials that could be of assistance during testing or another form of evaluation. It is the student's responsibility to remove all such material from close proximity to him/her during a test or another form of evaluation. Possessing or accessing written or electronic information, which is considered to be of assistance in completing a graded assignment. Plagiarizing encompasses, but is not limited to, the following: a. Presenting as one's own, the works or the opinions of someone else without proper acknowledgement. b. Borrowing of the sequence of ideas, the arrangement of materials, or the pattern of thought of someone else without proper acknowledgement. c. Having a parent or another person write an essay or do a project which is then submitted as one's own work d. Using the Internet to locate prepared essays or papers to submit as original work AND/OR failing to use proper documentation and bibliography. Careers related to this course: Research and Development, Chemical Engineering, Toxicology, Quality Control, Hazardous Waste, Environmental Protection, etc.. Attendance Policy: - All absences (non-school related) require a written note be provided from parent/guardian for a student to be marked excused within three days of the student s return to school (regardless of whether or not the school received a phone call from parent/guardian). - All students are expected to sign out in the main office for early dismissals. - Please note, 15 total absences of any type (excused, unexcused, doctor's note, court, or a combination of any) will require an Attendance Improvement Meeting. BHS Tardy Policy: Tardy to School and/or each Block Per Semester) 1 st 3 rd Warning 4 th 5 days lunch detention 6 th 1 day of Saturday School 5 days of poor school standing (to include loss of driving privileges) 8 th 2 days of Saturday School 10 days of poor school standing (to include loss of driving privileges) 10 th - 1 day of OSS and loss of driving privileges for the remainder of the semester.

3 Lab Safety: Student safety during lab is of the utmost importance. While working in the lab, you will have certain responsibilities that do not apply to other classrooms. You may be working with materials and apparatus that, if handled carelessly or improperly, have the potential to cause injury or discomfort to someone else as well as yourself. A laboratory can be a safe place in which to work if you are alert and cautious. Violating any of the regulations and teacher directions will result in immediate expulsion from lab, a zero for the lab, and referral. Depending on the severity of the incident and persistent negative behavior, you may be permanently removed from all lab activities. (please review the following regulations in lab) GENERAL RULES 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory. 2. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a direction or part of a procedure, ask the instructor before proceeding. 3. Never work alone. No student may work in the laboratory without an instructor present. 4. When first entering a science room, do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are instructed to do so. Use only those materials and equipment authorized by the instructor. 5. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. Do not use laboratory glassware as containers for food or beverages. 6. Perform only those experiments authorized by the instructor. Never do anything in the laboratory that is not called for in the laboratory procedures or by your instructor. Carefully follow all instructions, both written and oral. Unauthorized experiments are prohibited. Do not misuse equipment other than its intended use or as directed by the instructor. No unauthorized experiments allowed! 7. Be prepared for your work in the laboratory. Read all procedures thoroughly before entering the laboratory. Be sure all glassware is clean before use. Clean glassware thoroughly after use. Residue may cause errors in new experiments or could cause a violent reaction. 8. Never fool around in the laboratory. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited. 9. Observe good housekeeping practices. Work areas should be kept clean and tidy at all times. Bring only your laboratory instructions, worksheets, and/or reports to the work area. Other materials (books, purses, backpacks, etc.) should be stored in the classroom area. 10. Keep aisles clear. Push your chair under the desk when not in use. 11. Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment including the first aid kit, eyewash station, safety shower, fire extinguisher, and fire blanket. Know where the fire alarm and the exits are located. 12. Always work in a well-ventilated area. Use the fume hood when working with volatile substances or poisonous vapors. Never place your head into the fume hood. 13. Be alert and proceed with caution at all times in the laboratory. Notify the instructor immediately of any unsafe conditions you observe. 14. Dispose of all chemical waste properly. Never mix chemicals in sink drains. Sinks are to be used only for water and those solutions designated by the instructor. Solid chemicals, metals, matches, filter paper, and all other insoluble materials are to be disposed of in the proper waste containers, not in the sink. Check the label of all waste containers twice before adding your chemical waste to the container. 15. Labels and equipment instructions must be read carefully before use. Set up and use the prescribed apparatus as directed in the laboratory instructions or by your instructor. 16. Keep hands away from face, eyes, mouth and body while using chemicals or pre- served specimens. Wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments. Clean all work surfaces and apparatus at the end of the experiment. Return all equipment clean and in working order to the proper storage area. 17. Experiments must be personally monitored at all times. You will be assigned a laboratory station at which to work. Do not wander around the room, distract other students, or interfere with the laboratory experiments of others. 18. Students are never permitted in the science storage rooms or preparation areas unless given specific permission by their instructor. 19. Know what to do if there is a fire drill during a laboratory period; containers must be closed, gas valves turned off, fume hoods turned off, and any electrical equipment turned off. 20. Handle all living organisms used in a laboratory activity in a humane manner. Preserved biological materials are to be treated with respect and disposed of properly.

4 21. When using knives and other sharp instruments, always carry with tips and points pointing down and away. Always cut away from your body. Never try to catch falling sharp instruments. Grasp sharp instruments only by the handles. Wash all sharp-edged and pointed instruments separately from other equipment. 22. If you have a medical condition (e.g., allergies, pregnancy, etc.), check with your physician prior to working in lab. 23. Inform the teacher immediately of any equipment not working properly. Clothing 24. Any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used, students will wear laboratory goggles. There will be no exceptions to this rule! 25. Contact lenses should not be worn in the laboratory unless you have permission from your instructor. 26. Dress properly during a laboratory activity. Long hair, dangling jewelry, and loose or baggy clothing are a hazard in the laboratory. Long hair must be tied back and dangling jewelry and loose or baggy clothing must be secured. Shoes must completely cover the foot. No sandals allowed. 27. Lab aprons have been provided for your use and should be worn during laboratory activities. 28. Roll long sleeves above the wrist. Long, hanging necklaces, bulky jewelry, and excessive baggy clothing should not be worn in the laboratory. Accidents and Injuries 29. Report any accident (spill, breakage, etc.) or injury (cut, burn, etc.) to the instructor immediately, no matter how trivial it may appear. 30. If you or your lab partner are hurt, immediately yell out Code one, Code one to get the instructor s attention. 31. If a chemical splashes in your eye(s) or on your skin, immediately flush with running water from the eyewash station or safety shower for at least 20 minutes. Notify the instructor immediately. 32. When mercury thermometers are broken, mercury must not be touched. Notify the instructor immediately. Handling Chemicals 33. All chemicals in the laboratory are to be considered dangerous. Do not touch, taste, or smell any chemicals unless specifically instructed to do so. The proper technique for smelling chemical fumes will be demonstrated to you. 34. Test for odor of chemicals only by waving your hand above the container and sniffing cautiously from a distance 35. Check the label on chemical bottles twice before removing any of the con- tents. Take only as much chemical as you need. 36. Never return unused chemicals to their original containers. 37. Alert teacher of any spill on the floor or workspace immediately. Teacher will then advise on proper clean up. 38. Never use mouth suction to fill a pipet. Use a rubber bulb or pipet pump. 39. When transferring reagents from one container to another, hold the containers away from your body. 40. Acids must be handled with extreme care. You will be shown the proper method for diluting strong acids. Always add acid to water, swirl or stir the solution and be careful of the heat produced, particularly with sulfuric acid. 41. Handle flammable hazardous liquids over a pan to contain spills. Never dispense flammable liquids anywhere near an open flame or source of heat. 42. Never remove chemicals or other materials from the laboratory area. 43. Take great care when transporting acids and other chemicals from one part of the laboratory to another. Hold them securely and walk carefully. Never carry hot equipment or dangerous chemicals through a group of students. Handling Glassware and Equipment 44. Carry glass tubing, especially long pieces, in a vertical position to minimize the likelihood of breakage and injury. 45. Never handle broken glass with your bare hands. Use a brush and dustpan to clean up broken glass. Place broken or waste glassware in the designated glass disposal container. 46. Inserting and removing glass tubing from rubber stoppers can be dangerous. Always lubricate glassware (tubing, thistle tubes, thermometers, etc.) before attempting to insert it in a stop- per. Always protect your hands with towels or cotton gloves when inserting glass tubing into, or removing it from, a rubber stopper. If a piece of glassware becomes frozen in a stopper, take it to your instructor for removal.

5 47. Fill wash bottles only with distilled water and use only as intended, e.g., rinsing glassware and equipment, or adding water to a container. 48. When removing an electrical plug from its socket, grasp the plug, not the electrical cord. Hands must be completely dry before touching an electrical switch, plug, or outlet. 49. Examine glassware before each use. Never use chipped or cracked glassware. Never use dirty glassware. 50. Report damaged electrical equipment immediately. Look for things such as frayed cords, exposed wires, and loose connections. Do not use damaged electrical equipment. 51. If you do not understand how to use a piece of equipment, ask the instructor for help. 52. Do not immerse hot glassware in cold water; it may shatter. Heating Substances 53. Heated metals and glass remain very hot for a long time. They should be set aside to cool and picked up with caution. Use tongs or heat-protective gloves if necessary. Hot and cold glass has the same visual appearance. Determine whether an object is hot by bringing the back of your hand close to the object. NEVER TOUCH HOT GLASS. 54. If using gas burners, light only as instructed to do so by the instructor. 55. Exercise extreme caution when using a gas burner. Take care that hair, clothing and hands are a safe distance from the flame at all times. Do not put any sub- stance into the flame unless specifically instructed to do so. Never reach over an exposed flame. Light gas (or alcohol) burners only as instructed by the teacher. 56. Never leave a lit burner unattended. Never leave anything that is being heated or is visibly reacting unattended. Always turn the burner or hot plate off when not in use. 57. You will be instructed in the proper method of heating and boiling liquids in test tubes. Do not point the open end of a test tube being heated at yourself or anyone else. 58. Never look into a container that is being heated. 59. Do not place hot apparatus directly on the laboratory desk. Always use an insulating pad. Allow plenty of time for hot apparatus to cool before touching it. 60. When bending glass, allow time for the glass to cool before further handling. Hot and cold glass have the same visual appearance. Determine if an object is hot by bringing the back of your hand close to it prior to grasping it. Internet Safety: The technology age allows us to stay in contact with friends and family at the touch of our fingers. However, fun can be destroyed when you don t follow important rules and laws. Saying something or taking pictures of things that are inappropriate and posting them online can have serious consequences. Please be smart in the things you say and do on the Internet and cell phones. Never put anything on the Internet you do not want seen. Just because you write something to a friend on their facebook wall, it is not as private as you think. Once you put something into cyberspace (text, pictures, threats, etc) it is there forever. Making negative statements about others online can be viewed as harassment, bullying, and slander. In some cases, this can even result in suspension from school and possibly legal charges brought against you. So again, please be smart.

6 What is expected of me in class? - Participate - Follow directions and rules - Activities/Labs - Group work - Note taking and keeping proper lab portfolio - Class work/homework How will I be graded? (Total Point Scale) Classwork/Homework 5-20 points each when collected (students may work together on homework assignments and daily work) (No classwork/homework will be accepted late) Labs 30 points each (10-prelab, 10-data, 10-postlab) Daily Quizzes points each Tests/major projects 100 points each (probably 3-4 tests per 9-weeks) (One project per 9-weeks when assigned) Total average points per 9-weeks What if I miss class? - Students who are absent will be allowed to make-up work or a test. - It is your responsibility to come to me to get your missed work. - You will have 1 week to make up any missed assignments or tests. (labs will need to be made up independently with appointment) - I am available before or after school. Please let me know in advance if you are going to stay for extra help or makeup work. May I correct assignments? - You may correct a test before or after school. - Corrected tests will result in half credit back towards your score for correct answers. - This also must be done within 1 week of the test/quiz. ***(Because I allow students to correct important assignments, I DO NOT offer extra credit. Being able to receive points back on a test is more than sufficient extra credit. So please take advantage of this opportunity.)*** Contact me: Parents and students are more than welcome to see me after school or me at: joeford@rockingham.k12.va.us Also, I will be available to students every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon until 4:30, unless I have a meeting or practice to attend. If you need to contact me by phone, please call the school between 3-4 p.m. I also have planning during 3 rd period if you wish to meet for a conference.

7 Course Outline Big Idea 1: The chemical elements are fundamental building materials of matter, and all matter can be understood in terms of arrangements of atoms. These atoms retain their identity in chemical reactions. 1A Enduring understanding: All matter is made of atoms. There are a limited number of types of atoms; these are the elements. 1 B Enduring understanding: The atoms of each element have unique structures arising from interactions between electrons and nuclei. 1 C Enduring understanding: Elements display periodicity in their properties when the elements are organized according to increasing atomic number. This periodicity can be explained by the regular variations that occur in the electronic structures of atoms. Periodicity is a useful principle for understanding properties and predicting trends in properties. Its modern-day uses range from examining the composition of materials to generating ideas for designing new materials. 1 D Enduring understanding: Atoms are so small that they are difficult to study directly; atomic models are constructed to explain experimental data on collections of atoms. 1 E Enduring understanding: Atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. Big Idea 2: Chemical and physical properties of materials can be explained by the structure and the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules and the forces between them. 2A Enduring understanding: Matter can be described by its physical properties. The physical properties of a substance generally depend on the spacing between the particles (atoms, molecules, ions) that make up the substance and the forces of attraction among them. 2B Enduring understanding: Forces of attraction between particles (including the noble gases and also different parts of some large molecules) are important in determining many macroscopic properties of a substance, including how the observable physical state changes with temperature. 2C Enduring understanding: The strong electrostatic forces of attraction holding atoms together in a unit are called chemical bonds. 2D Enduring understanding: The type of bonding in the solid state can be deduced from the properties of the solid state. Big Idea 3: Changes in matter involve the rearrangement and/or reorganization of atoms and/or the transfer of electrons. 3A Enduring understanding: Chemical changes are represented by a balanced chemical equation that identifies the ratios with which reactants react and products form. 3B Enduring understanding: Chemical reactions can be classified by considering what the reactants are, what the products are, or how they change from one into the other. Classes of chemical reactions include synthesis, decomposition, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions. 3C Enduring understanding: Chemical and physical transformations may be observed in several ways and typically involve a change in energy. Big Idea 4: Rates of chemical reactions are determined by details of the molecular collisions. 4A Enduring understanding: Reaction rates that depend on temperature and other environmental factors are determined by measuring changes in concentrations of reactants or products over time. 4B Enduring understanding: Elementary reactions are mediated by collisions between molecules. Only collisions having sufficient energy and proper relative orientation of reactants lead to products. 4C Enduring understanding: Many reactions proceed via a series of elementary reactions. 4D Enduring understanding: Reaction rates may be increased by the presence of a catalyst. Big Idea 5: The laws of thermodynamics describe the essential role of energy and explain and predict the direction of changes in matter 5A Enduring understanding: Two systems with different temperatures that are in thermal contact will exchange energy. The quantity of thermal energy transferred from one system to another is called heat. 5B Enduring understanding: Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but only transformed from one form to another. 5C Enduring understanding: Breaking bonds requires energy, and making bonds releases energy. 5D Enduring understanding: Electrostatic forces exist between molecules as well as between atoms or ions, and breaking the resultant intermolecular interactions requires energy. 5E Enduring understanding: Chemical or physical processes are driven by a decrease in enthalpy or an increase in entropy, or both. Big Idea 6: Any bond or intermolecular attraction that can be formed can be broken. These two processes are in a dynamic competition, sensitive to initial conditions and external perturbations. 6A Enduring understanding: Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic, reversible state in which rates of opposing processes are equal. 6B Enduring understanding: Systems at equilibrium are responsive to external perturbations, with the response leading to a change in the composition of the system. 6C Enduring understanding: Chemical equilibrium plays an important role in acid-base chemistry and in solubility. 6D Enduring understanding: The equilibrium constant is related to temperature and the difference in Gibbs free energy between reactants and products.

8 In-class activities: - By signing this form, you the parent/guardian are authorizing your child to see movies with a PG-13 rating. - Also we might take pictures of certain labs and activities we will do in class so the students can have memories of what they did. By signing this form you the parent/guardian are authorizing pictures to be taken of your child during class. - Also, from time to time college practicum students are in the classroom. Part of the student teaching process is to video record lessons for self reflection. By signing this form you the parent/guardian are authorizing your child to be videoed in class. About your child: If there is anything you wish for me to know about your child, please do so now. Examples: - Needs to sit close to the front due to sight or hearing loss. - Takes certain medications which may cause drowsiness - Please also list relevant allergies because of lab classes. (Things like these) Please list your contact information below: (Please Print) Parent(s) / Guardian(s): Mailing Address: Phone # s: (please only list numbers you wish for me to contact) Home: Cell: Work: address: I/We have read and agree to follow all of the safety rules and expectations set forth in this document. I realize that I must obey these rules to ensure my own safety, and that of my fellow students and instructors. I will cooperate to the fullest extent with my instructor and fellow students to maintain a safe lab environment. I am fully aware of, and also understand the rules and consequences of class. Student printed name Student signature Date Parent/Guardian printed name Parent/Guardian signature Date Teacher printed name Teacher signature Date