SEM-I QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: Engineering Chemistry. Unit I- Water Technology

Transcription

1 SEM-I QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: Engineering Chemistry Unit I- Water Technology Q.1. a) Calculate the amount of Lime and soda required to soften 1, 00,000 liters of water containing following impurities, Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 =121.5 ppm, Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 =219ppm, CaSO 4 =6.8ppm, MgCl 2 =142.5 ppm, CO 2 =44ppm and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 as a coagulant at the rate of 17.1 ppm. b) A Zeolite Softener was completely exhausted and was regenerated by passing 100 liters of Sodium Chloride Solution Containing 110 gm/l of NaCl. How many liters of water containing 400 ppm hardness can be soften using this softener. c) Calculate the amount of Lime ( 80 % pure) and soda (90% Pure )required for treatment of 50,000 liters of water whose analysis is as follows in ppm, Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 =40.5 ppm, Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 =18.5ppm, CaSO 4 =68ppm, MgSO 4 =50, CaCl 2 =38.8 ppm, H 2 SO 4 = 98. d) A Zeolite Softener was completely exhausted when 10,000 liters of hard water was passed through it. The softener required 200 liters of 3.5% NaCl Solution for regeneration of exhausted Zeolite bed. Calculate the Hardness of water. e) Calculate temporary and permanent hardness along with the amount of Lime (90%) and Soda (95%) required for softening of 80,000L of water using NaAlO 2 at the rate of 16.4 mg/l, with the following impurities (all are in ppm) Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 =80 ; Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 =73 NaCl =59.5 ; Mg(NO 3 )= 74 CaCl 2 =45 f) Calculate the amount of lime (85% pure) and soda (90% pure) required to soften 5,00,000 liters of water using FeSO4.7H2O as a coagulant at the rate of 69.5 ppm, with the following impurities (in ppm): Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 =81 ; CaCl 2 =111; Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 =73; MgSO 4 = 90; NaCl =72 Also calculate the carbonate and non-carbonate hardness. g) Water contains following impurities in ppm: Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 =75 ; Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 =73 CaCl 2 =95 ; MgSO 4 = 30, CO 2 =20 Calculate the amount of lime (85% pure) and soda (95% pure) required to soften 2,50,000 liters of water using sodium aluminate as a coagulant at the rate of 16.4 ppm h) i) What are Scales? What are the causes and disadvantages of Scale? How are they formed? How water can be sterilized by chlorine? Explain break point Chlorination. j) What is the purpose of internal treatment for Boiler water? Explain Phosphate Conditioning. k) Explain with Chemical equation the demineralization of hard water and regeneration of ion exchange resin. l) What is Caustic Embrittlement? Discuss its advantages and preventive measures. Year 8 M 8 M 1+7 8M 1

2 m) Define sterilization. Explain sterilization by using Ozone and UV radiations. n) Explain desalination by Electro-dialysis process. o) Calculate Quantity of Lime & Soda required for softening 2,00,000 lit of water using 16.4ppm of NaA102. Result of analysis of raw water & softened water are as follows. 8M Raw Water Softened Water Ca ppm 2- CO 3 30ppm Mg 2+ 72ppm OH - 17ppm HCO 3-732ppm Diss. CO 2 44ppm p) Define sterlisation? Explain sterlisation using bleaching powder with its merits and demerits. q) Calculate the quantities of Lime (85 % pure) and soda (90 % pure) required 8 M for the treatment of 1.2 Millions Litre of water containing following salts: Mgcl ppm. NaHCO 3 42 ppm, CaSO 4 68.ppm., Cacl ppm., Mg (HCO) 2 73ppm, Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 81ppm. Coagulant used is Al2 SO43 at the rate of 11.4ppm r) What is the purpose of internal treatment of boiler water? Discuss phosphate conditioning and explain why it is preferred over carbonate conditioning in high pressure boiler? s) A water sample contains following imparities in ppm Mg(HCO 3 ) , CaSO 4 = 54.4, CaCl 2 =55.5, MgCl 2 =57, MgSO 4 =90, NaHCO 3 =58.5, NaCl =25.5 Calculate the quantities of lime (90% pure) and soda (85% pure) required for softening of 75,000 litres of water using NaAlO 2 as a 16.4 ppm. 8M t) Calculate : 8M i) Temporary and permanent hardness for the given water sample. ii) Also calculate the amount lime (86%) and soda (83%) required for softening 1 million litres of water with the following impurities (all are in mg/l) MgCO3 = 84; Ca(HCO3)2 = 40; SiO2 = 10 Mg(NO3)2 = 37; CaSO4 = 272; MgSO4 = 120 H2SO4 = 49; Al2(SO4)3 = 17.1 u) Write a short note on softening of water by Demineralization process. v) Calculate the quantities of lime (80%) and soda (85%) required for 8 M treatment of 75,000 L of water with following salts using Al 2 (SO4) 3 as a coagulant at the rate of 40 ppm. Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 =42ppm, Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 = 20ppm, CaSO 4 =68ppm, CaCl 2 =11.1ppm, MgSO 4 =50pm w) Discuss boiler corrosion. x) A water sample on analysis gave following data in ppm- Ca(HCO3)2=81, 8M Mg(HCO3)2=73, MgSO4=240, CO2=88, NaCl=58.8. calculate total cost of lime (93% pure) & soda(97%pure) required to soften 2 million liters of water if cost of lime and soda Rs. 350 and Rs.4200 per 100 kg. y) How corrosion in boiler caused due to dissolved oxygen and how it can be removed. Q 2. a) The total hardness of 10,000 Lts. of water was completely removed by Zeolite softener. It required 30Lts of NaCl solution containing 8.5% NaCl for regeneration. Calculate the hardness of water sample. b) Calculate the amount of Lime and soda required to soften 80,000 liters of water containing following impurities Ca ++ =120 ppm, Mg ++ =60ppm, dissolved CO 2 =44ppm, HCO 3=300ppm. 8 M 2

3 The purity of lime is 90% and Soda is 95%. FeSO 4.7H 2 O is used as a ppm c) Calculate the amount of Lime and soda required to soften 80,000 liters of 8 M water with the following analysis using 10 ppm of sodium Aluminate as a coagulant, Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 =81 ppm, Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 =146 ppm, CaCl 2 =33.3, MgCl 2-38 ppm CaSO 4 =68ppm d) What are the causes of scale and sludge formation? Discuss its disadvantages. e) Explain Desalination of brackish water by Reverse Osmosis. State its limitations and advantages. f) A Zeolite bed was exhausted on passing 10,000 liters of water sample through it. The Zeolite required 200 liters of 3.6% NaCl solution for regeneration. Calculate the hardness of water sample. g) How corrosion in boiler is caused due to dissolved gases? How it can be removed chemically? h) Define the process de-salination? How the desalination of water is carried out by electro-dialysis process? i) An exhausted Zeolite softener was regenerated by passing 200 liters of NaCl solution having the strength of 10 g/l of NaCl. Find the total volume of water that can be softened by this softener, if the hardness of water is 300 ppm. j) Explain briefly tertiary treatment methods used in waste water treatment. k) A zeolites softener was exhausted on passing hard water containing 450 ppm of hardness. The exhausted zeolites bed was regenerated completely on passing 290 liters of NaCl solution containing 6% NaCl. Calculate the quantity of hard water that was softened using this softener. l) Write short notes on: (i). Caustic embrittlement (ii). Phosphate conditioning (iii). Chlorination of water m) A Zeolite softener was exhausted on passing 20,000 liters of water sample through it. The Zeolite required 150 liters of 5.5% NaCl solution for regeneration, calculate the hardness of water sample. n) Write short notes on: (any three) 9 M 1. Break point chlorination and its significance. 2. Tertiary treatment of waste water to reduce water pollution. 3. Causes and disadvantages of scale formation.. 4. Carbonate and phosphate conditioning. o) A zeolite softener was completely exhausted when 10,000 lit of water sample was passed through it. If it requires 300 lit of 2.6% NaCl solution for complete regeneration. Calculate hardness of water sample. p) How corrosion in boiler caused due to dissolve oxygen & How it can be removed chemically & mechanically? q) Distinguish between Zeolite & Ion exchange process? r) A zeolite was completely exhausted by passing 20,000 litres of water through it If the zeolite requires 150 litres of 3.5 % NaCl solution for complete regeneration. Calculate the hardness of the water sample. s) Write a short note on any three. i) Chlorination of water. ii) Caustic embrittlement. iii) Tertiary Treatment. iv) Desalination of sea water by Electro-dialysis process. 9 M 3

4 t) A Zeolite softener was exhausted by passing 20,000 litres of hard water through it. If the zeolite requires 300 litres of 2.5% NaCl solution for regeneration. [] [I] Calculate the hardness of water. u) Write a note on Desalination of sea water using - Electrodialysis and 5M Reverse osmosis process. v) The total hardness of 10,000 litre of water was completely removed by zeolite process. If 30 litres of NaCl solution containing 8.5% NaCl is used for regeneration process. Calculate the hardness of water. w) Phosphate conditioning is better than carbonate conditioning. Explain 5M x) Differentiate between Limesoda, zeolite and Deionization process with respect to their principles, advantages and limitations. y) A zeolite bed was completely exhausted by passing 15,000 L of water sample through it. If the zeolite requires 180 L of 2.5% NaCl solution for complete regeneration then calculate the hardness of water sample z) Write short note on any three. 9M i) Break point chlorination. ii) Causes and disadvantages of scale formation. iii) Tertiary treatment of wastewater. iv) Caustic embrittlement. aa) A zeolite bed was completely exhausted by passing 10,000 L of water sample through it. If the zeolite requires 300 L of 2.6% NaCl solution for complete regeneration then calculate the hardness of water sample bb) Explain desalination of breaking water by reverse osmosis. State ita limitations and advantages. cc) What is caustic embrittlement? Discuss preventive measures to reduce it. Unit II - Corrosion Q.3. a) What is cathodic Protection for controlling corrosion? How it is to be achieved by sacrificial anode method? b) Write short notes on ( any Two) (i) Intergranular corrosion (ii) Pilling Bedworth Rule (iii) Water line corrosion c) What is Electrochemical corrosion? Describe the mechanism of Electrochemical corrosion by evolution of hydrogen. d) Give reasons: (i) Corrosion occurs in steel pipe connected to copper plumbing. (ii) The part of nail inside wood undergoes corrosion. (iii) Nature of the metal oxide layer influences the rate of corrosion. e) What is Corrosion of metal? Describe the consequences of corrosion. f) Discuss the importance of Design and material selection in controlling corrosion. How corrosion can be prevented with proper material selection and design? g) Explain Differential Aeration theory of Corrosion with suitable examples. h) Write short note on electroplating. 2M 5M 4

5 i) Give reason: (i) Silver and Copper metal don not undergo much corrosion like iron in moist atmosphere. (ii) Wire mesh corrodes faster at the joints. (iii) Rusting of Iron is quicker in saline water than the ordinary water. j) Discuss the various factors which influence the corrosion process. k) Attempt any two: (i). Atmospheric corrosion (ii). Galvanization (iii). Effect of environment on corrosion l) Explain the following (any two) 1. Cathodic protection by impressed current. 2. How rate of corrosion is depend upon nature of environment. 3. Pilling bedworth rule. k) Discuss in brief mechanism of chemical corrosion with respect to oxygen absorption l) Attempt following any two. i) Pitting n corr ii) Tinning iii) Galvanic corrosion Explain why? any three. i) A copper equipment should not posses a small steel bolt. ii) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water. iii) Wire mesh corrodes faster at the joints. iv) Iron corrodes faster than Aluminium even though it is placed below Aluminium in electro chemical series. m) Write notes on i) Galvanic series. ii) Pitting corrosion. Give reason : i) Wire mesh corrodes faster at the joints. ii) Pitting corrosion is autocatalytic and self stimulating Discuss electrochemical theory of corrosion with respect to H2 liberation and O2 absorption. Write short notes on any two. i) Pilling Bedworth rule. ii) Factors influencing corrosion. iii) Cathodic protection by sacrificial anode. Justify with proper reason 1. Wter tank filled with water will undergo corrosion at waterline of it 2. Wire mesh corrodes at crossing 3. Corrosion of metal is considered reverse of extraction of metals Q4. a) Write short notes on (any two) (i) Hot dipping process (ii) Anodic protection (iii) Cathodic protection by impressed current. a) Explain the mechanism of electrochemical corrosion by H 2 evolution and absorption of O 2 with neat diagrams. c) Give reasons (i) Iron corrodes faster than Aluminum even though Fe lies below Al in the electrochemical series. (ii) Corrosion of water filled tank occurs below waterline. (iii) Corrosion is reverse of extractive metallurgy. Sum 2018 Sum M 5

6 d) Write notes on: (i) Atmospheric corrosion (ii) Waterline corrosion (iii) Electroplating e) Attempt any two: (i) Cathodic protection by impressed current (ii) Compare EMF series and Galvanic series (iii) Galvanizing and Tinning as protective coatings. f) Give reasons (any three) (i) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than ordinary water. (ii) Corrosion is reverse of extractive metallurgy. (iii) Corrosion of water filled tank occurs below waterline. (iv) Corrosion occurs in steel pipe connected to copper plumbing g) Explain why (any three) 1. Anodic area should be larger than cathodic area. 2. Copper equipment should not possess a steel bolt. 3. Pitting corrosion is auto catalytic and self stimulating. 4. A pure metal rod, half immersed vertically in water starts corroding at the bottom. k) Discuss importance of Design & Material Selection? l) Write note on any two. i) Water line corrosion. ii) Cathodic Protection by Impressed current. iii) Electro Plating. Discuss the various factors which influence the rate of corrosion, with respect to nature of metal and environment Write a short note on any two. i) Pilling-Bed worth rule. ii) Galvanization. iii) Electroplating. Write short note on following. i) Pilling Bedworth rule. ii) Water line corrosion. iii) Stress corrosion. Write short notes on : i) Water line corrosion. ii) Intergranular corrosion What is cathodic protection? How it is done by using impressed current and sacrificial anode. Explain with suitable examples Write brief note on any three. i) Pitting Corrosion ii) Differential Aeration Theory iii) Intergranular corrosion iv) Electroplating Write brief note on any two. i. Water line corrosion ii. Cathodic protection by impressed current iii. electroplating Sum2018 Sum 2018 State and explain pilling bedworth rule with suitable example. Unit III - Cement 6

7 Q.5. a) b) c) Winter 12 What are microscopic constituents present in cement? How do they contribute towards properties of cement? Explain the setting and Hardening of Portland Cement. What are cement additives? Discuss any two of them. d) Low heat cement is used for construction of dams. Explain. 2 M e) Write short note on (any Two): i) Low heat cement ii) Rapid hardening cement iii) Accelerators. f) Write properties and application of Fly ash. g) For what purpose are the following types of cement used and why? (i) Rapid hardening cement (ii) Water proof cement (iii) High Alumina cement (iv) Low Heat cement h) How is ordinary Portland cement manufactured by wet process? Give the various reactions taking place in the Rotary Klin. Also state the significance of rate of cooling of clinker. i) Explain the wet process of cement manufacturing, with a neat and well labeled diagram j) For what purpose following type of cement is used and why? (i) White cement (ii) Low heat cement (iii) High alumina cement (iv) Rapid hardening cement (v) Soundness of cement (vi) Ready mix concrete k) How does ordinary Portland cement set in and harden on mixing with water? Justify the answer with chemical equations. l) Write short notes on the following? 1. Cement moduli 2. Cement additives 3. Fly ash as a cementing material m) How Is Portland cement manufactured by wet process? Give various reactions taking place in rotary kiln? Also discuss significance of rate of cooling of clinkers? n) Discuss following with respect to advantages & limitation. i) Ready mix Concrete ii) Fly Ash as Cementing Material Sum

8 o) Write note on any two. i) Rapid hardening cement. ii) High Alumina cement. iii) Ready mix concrete p) Write informative notes on : i) Cement additives. ii) Fly ash as cementing material. iii) Soundness of cement. q) Explain the following any two. i) Heat of hydration & soundness of cement. ii) Ready mix concrete. iii) Rapid hardening cement. r) What is the significance of following additives in cement 1. accelerators 2. water repelling agents Q.6. a) What are the important process parameters for manufacturing of good cement clinkers? b) Write informative notes on cement additives. c) Write a brief note on Ready Mix Concrete, with advantages and limitations. d) Properties of cement depend upon its microscopic constituents. Explain. e) Give reasons (i) Dolomitic limestone is unsuitable for cement manufacture. (ii) Low heat cement is used for construction of dams. f) Explain the following (any two) (i) Heat of Hydration and soundness of cement. (ii) Cement additives (iii) Ready mix concrete g) What do you mean by soundness of cement? 2 M h) Draw a labeled diagram of rotary kiln. Describe the process of manufacture of Portland cement by wet process. State the various thermochemical i) changes occur during the process. What is setting & gardening of Portland cement? Discuss with the help of reactions involved? k) Write informative Note on: i) Heat of Hydration ii) Cement Additives Discuss the following any two. i) Cement additives. ii) Microscopic constituent of cement. iii) Process parameter for manufacturing good cement. b) Write short note on i) Microscopic constituents of cement. ii) Fly ash as a cementing material. Differentiate between Dry and Wet process of cement manufacturing. Percentage of lime has to be maintained carefully during cement 2M manufacturing. Why. Explain the properties of microscopic constituents of cement. Write properties and application of flu ash as cementing material 5M 8

9 Explain any one i. Heat of hydration ii. Soundness of cement Q.7. a) b) c) d) e) f) Unit IV- Green Chemistry& Battery Technology Winter 12 What is Green Chemistry? Mention its principles. Explain any two principles Give the significance of green chemistry. State the basic principles of green chemistry. Write short notes on (any Two): i) Supercritical Carbon dioxide ii) Carbon Credits iii) Reserve batteries. iv) Biocatalyst What are Fuel Cells? Explain working of H 2 -O 2 alkaline fuel Cell with its advantages and limitations. Write Short note on Biocatalysis. Discuss super critical CO2 as a green solvent. Define energy density and power density. g) Explain concept of carbon credit. 2M h) Discuss applications of Lithium ion battery. 2M i) Explain the construction and working of Ni-Cd battery. Write short note on any two. i) Applications of Lithium Battery. ii) Primary Batteries. iii) Biocatalysis. Explain following i. Power and energy density ii. Primary battery Discuss applications of lithium ion battery. 8M Q.8 a) What is Green Chemistry? Discuss its significance. b) What is secondary battery? State criteria for a good secondary battery. 9

10 c) Discuss the application of fuel cell. 2M d) Discuss supercritical fluid CO 2 with the help of its phase diagram. e) Explain the working of Ni-Cd batteries with its advantages, limitation and application. f) Write short notes on: (i) Biocatalysts (ii) Lithium ion batteries (iii) Carbon credit (iv) Primary battery g) Define the terms- Energy Density and Power Density of battery. 2 M h) What is supercritical fluid? State properties and advantages of SFC CO 2. i) Discuss the applications of fuel cell. 2 M j) Explain the following any two. i) Reserve Battery. ii) Power density and Energy Density. iii) Green chemistry with its significance. Write short note on the following any two. i) Bio catalysis. ii) Energy density & power density. iii) Carbon Credits. Explain construction and working of H2 O2 alkaline fuel cell. Write short note on : i) Biocatalysis. ii) Carbon credit Write short notes on any two. i) Energy density and power density. ii) Advantages and applications of CO2 as super critical fluid. iii) Significance of green chemistry. 10

11 SEM-II-QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: MATERIALS CHEMISTRY Unit I - Energy I Year Marks Q.1. a) During the determination of calorific value of a gaseous fuel by Bomb calorimeter, the following results were recorded: (i) Weight of Fuel Burnt = 1.90 gm. (ii) Water Equivalent of Calorimeter = 500 gm. (iii) Weight of water taken in calorimeter = 2300 gm. (iv) Initial Temperature of water =25.05 C. (v) Final Temperature of water = C. (vi) Acid Correction=15 cal. (vii) Fuse wire Correction = 7cal. (Viii) Tread correction = 5cal. (ix) Cooling Correction=0.26 C. If the fuel contains 7.5% Hydrogen, Calculate the gross and net calorific value of coal sample provided that the latent of steam condensed is 587 cal/gm. b) Write Short Note on (any two): i) Significance of ultimate analysis of coal ii) Biodiesel iii) Non-conventional sources of energy. c) Calculate gross and net calorific value of a gaseous fuel at NTP from the following data obtained during determination of calorific value using Boy s calorimeter: (i) Volume of gaseous fuel burnt at STP=0.089m3 (ii) Wt. of water used for cooling the combustion products=25 kg (iii) Wt. of steam condensed = kg (iv) Temperature of inlet water = 20.4 C (v) Temperature of outlet water = 33.4 C (vi) Latent heat of waters condensed = 587 kcal/kg d) Calculate G.C.V. and N.C.V. of gaseous fuel at S.T.P. from the following data obtained during Boy,s calorimeter experiment: (i) Volume of gaseous fuel burnt at STP=0.085m 3 (ii) Wt. of water used for cooling the combustion products=29.6 kg (iii) Wt. of steam condensed = kg (iv) Temperature of inlet water = 20.6 C (v) Temperature of outlet water = 33.4 C Latent heat of waters condensed = 540kcal/kg is to be assumed. e) Discuss the significance of Ultimate Analysis of coal. f) Discuss the various corrections applied during determination of calorific value of solid fuel by Bomb calorimeter. g) Calculate the gross and net calorific value of coal having the following composition: C=80%, H=8%, S=1%, N=2% and ash=6% using Dulongs formula. Given: Latent heat of steam=587 cal/g h) Discuss the following non-conventional energy sources w.r.t applications and advantages. i) Solar energy j) Wind energy k) How does % of carbon and ash in coal affect the quality of coal? l) Using Dulong s Formula Calculate the GCV and NCV of coal sample having ultimate analysis results: C = 78%, H = 5%, N = 2%, S = 2% and ash = 11%. Latent Heat of water = 587 cal/g. m) Discuss composition, properties and uses of LPG n) Write the difference between Solid and Liquid propellants. 2M o) During the determination of calorific value of a gaseous fuel by Boy's calorimeter, the following results were recorded: 1

12 i) Volume of gaseous fuel burnt at NTP = m3. ii) Weight of water used for cooling the combustion products = 31.0kg. iii) wt of steam condensed = kg. iv) Temperature of inlet water = 26.2ºc v) Temperature of Outlet water = 36.3ºc. Determine G.C.V. and N.C.V. of gaseous fuel per cubic meter at NTP. p) Explain the determination of calorific value of solid and non volatile liquid fuel by using Bomb calorimeter. q) Calculate gross and net calorific value of a gaseous fuel at STP from the following data obtained during Boy s calorimeter: Volume of gaseous fuel burnt at STP=0.093m3 Wt. of water used for cooling the combustion products=23.5 kg Wt. of steam condensed = 0.39 kg Temperature of inlet water = 24.1 C Temperature of outlet water = 33.8 C Latent heat of waters condensed = 540 kcal/kg r) Dessribe principle of rocket propulsion. s) During the determination of calorific value of a coal sample by Bomb calorimeter following results were recorded : Weight of fuel burnt = 1.85 gms Water equivalent of calorimeter = 490 gms Weight of water taken in calorimeter = 2200 gms Initial temp. of water = 25.8ºC Final temp. of water = 30.2ºC Acid correction = 14 cal. Fuse wire correction = 6 cal. Thread correction = 5 cal. Cooling correction = 0.26ºC. If the fuel contains 7.5% of hydrogen, calculate the Gross & Net calorific value of the coal sample provided that the latent heat of steam condensed is 587 cal/gms. Write note on any two. i) Rocket Propellants. ii) LPG iii) Significance of ultimate analysis of coal. How bio - diesel is obtained from vegetable oils? Write down the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel. Describe the principle of rocket propulsion and classification of rocket propellants. Give the significance of proximate analysis. (solid fuels). The following data was obtained in a Bomb calorimeter experiment:- Weight of coal burnt = 1.90g Water equivalent of colorimeter = 500g Weight of water taken in calorimeter = 2600g Initial temperature of water = 25.05ºC Final temperature of water = 29.80ºC Acid correction = 8 Cal Fuse wire correction = 5 Cal Cooling correction = 0.25ºC If the coal contains 6.7% Hydrogen, calculate GCV and NCV of coal provided that the latent heat of steam condensed is 584 Cal/g. 2M 2

13 Q 2. Write short note on any two. i) Classification of Rocket Propellants. ii) Biodiesel. iii) Significance of ultimate analysis of coal. In an experiment of Bomb calorimeter apparatus the following data were obtained i) Weight of coal burnt = 0.95g ii) Water equivalent of calorimeter = 700g iii) Weight of water = 2000g. iv) Rise in temperature = 2.48ºC v) Cooling correction = 0.02ºC vi) Fuse wire correction = 10 calories vii) Acid correction = 60 calories Calculate G.C.V. and N.C.V. of the coal in calories per gram. [Latent heat of condensation of steam = 560 cal/g & % of Hydrogen in fuel = 5%]. Write descriptive note on Liquified petroleum gas. Give the applications, advantages & disadvantages of non-conventional energy sources? OR (i). What is the significance of proximate analysis of coal? (ii). What are Rocket Propellants? Explain the classification of propellants? (iii). Explain how calorific value of gaseous fuel is determined by using Boy s calorimeter. (iv). Write short notes on (Any Two) (i) Biodesel (ii) C.N.G. (iii) Solar energy (iv) L.P.G. (v). Describe the principle of rocket propulsion. 2M (vi). Explain how calorific value of solid and nonvolatile fuel is determined by 5M using Boy s calorimeter. (vii). What are rocket propellents? How the chemical rocket propellents are classified? (viii). Explain the determination of calorific value of gaseous fuel by using Boy;s gas calorimeter. (ix). What are rocket propellents? Explain the mechanism of rocket propulsion. (x). Write a informative note on biodiesel. (xi). How biodiesel is obtained by trans esterification process? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages (xii). How calorific value of gaseous fuel is detrermined by Boy s calorimeter (xiii). Why is net calorific value less than gross calorific value? 2M (xiv). What are rocket propellants? Give the characteristics of propellants. (xv). What is significance of proximate analysis of coal? (xvi). Write short notes on: any two. i) C.N.G. ii) L.P.G. iii) Biodiesel. (xvii) Explain the determination of calorific value of gaseous fuel by using Bomb calorimeter. (xviii Write informative note on any two. 1. Biodiesel. 2. Solar Energy 3

14 3. Classification of Rocket propellents. (xix). How Biodiesel is synthesized by transesterification process? Discuss its properties & applications. (xx). Write an informative note on Non - conventional sources of energy. (xxi). Calculate the gross and net calorific value of a gaseous fuel at STP from the following data obtained during the determination of calorific value using Boy's calorimeter. i) Volume of gaseous fuel burnt at STP 0.090M3. ii) Weight of water used for cooling of combustion product = 30.5 kg. iii) Weight of steam condensed = kg. iv) Temperature of incoming water = 21 ºC. v) Temperature of outgoing water = 33 ºC Assume heat liberated in condensation of water vapours as 580 kcal/kg. (xxii) Give the composition, properties and uses of CNG (xxiii Write notes on following any two. i) Rocket propellant. ii) Ultimate analysis of coal. iii) CNG. Unit II- Energy II Q.3. a) A coal sample has following percentage composition by mass: C = 74%, H = 6.8%, O = 13.0%, N 2 = 2.1 %, S = 1 and rest is ash. Calculate: (i) Minimum volume of air in m 3 at NTP required for complete combustion of 100 kg of the fuel. (ii) Volumetric composition of dry products if 40 % excess air is supplied. b) c) Explain Fischer Tropsch Process for manufacturing of synthetic gasoline with a well labeled diagram. A liquid hydrocarbon fuel containing C=80% and H=20% is fired in a Furnace. Calculate: (i) Weight of air required per kg of fuel. (ii) The volumetric composition of dry products of combustion, if 20% excess air is used. + d) Give the various fractions obtained boiling point wise on fractional distillation 8M of crude oil. Also mention their uses. e) A boiler is fired with a coal having following composition 4+4 C=72%, H=6.0%, O=13.2%, N=2.8%, S=1.2%, and rest is ash, Calculate: (i) Theoretical Air:Fuel ratio used for combustion (ii) Volumetric composition of dry products of combustion, if 30% excess air is used. f) A producer gas has the following % composition by volume: CH 4 =3.5%, 8 M CO=25%, H 2 =10%, CO 2 =10.8% and N 2 =50.7% calculate: (i). The theoretical quantity of air required to burn 1m3 of above gas at N.T.P. (ii). The volume composition of dry-products of combustion formed, if 25% excess air is used for combustion. g) Explain knocking in diesel engine. How is it related to chemical structure of fuel? h) What is cracking? What are its objectives? Discuss moving bed catalytic cracking i) Discuss knocking in petrol run IC engine? How is it related to chemical structure of hydrocarbons and compression ratio? j) A liquid hydrocarbon fuel containing C=80% and H=20% is fired in a furnace. 8 M 4 8M

15 k) Q.4. a) Calculate: i) Weight of air required per kg of fuel. ii) The volumetric composition of dry products of combustion, if 30% excess air is used. Explain Fischer Tropsch Process for manufacturing of synthetic gasoline with a well labelled diagram. l) A coal sample has following composition: C = 62.4%, H = 4.1%, O = 6.9%, N 2 = 1.2 %, S = 0.8, Moisture=15.1% and ash 9.5 % Calculate: (i) Minimum air required in m 3 at NTP for 1 kg of the fuel. (ii) q0 composition of dry products by volume if 45 % excess air is supplied. m) A Gas has the following composition by volume : H2 = 22% CH4 = 4%, CO = 20%CO2 = 6%, O2 = 3% and rest is N2. find out, a) Volume and weight of Air required for complete combustion of 3 100m gas. b) If 15% excess air is supplied, calculate volumetric composition of dry products of combustion. n) A producer gas has the following composition by volume CH4 3.5%, CO 25%, H2 8% CO2 12% and rest is N2. Calculate : i) Theoretical quantity of air in required per cubic meter of the gas. ii) If 20% excess air is used, find the % composition of dry flue gas. o) Explain octane and cetane number and their relationship with the chemical structure of hydro carbon present in the fuel. p) The coal containing C = 76%, H = 5%, O = 3.5%, N2 =3%, S = 1.5% and remaining ash is fired in a furnace. Calculate: i) Theoretical quantity of air required per kg of coal burnt. ii) If 45% excess air is used calculate volumetric composition of dry products of combustion. q) A gas has following composition by volume :- H2 = 22%, CH4 = 4%, CO = 20%, CO2 = 06%, O2 = 03% and N2 = 45%. Calculate: a) Volume and weight of theoretical air required for combustion of 3 1m of gas. 4 b) Volumetric composition of dry products of combustion if 15% excess air is supplied. r) How gasoline is prepared from "water-gas"? Explain the role of catalyst in this process? OR b) What is cracking? Explain the process of fluid bed catalytic cracking of heavy oil. Explain the process of fractional distillation of crude oil with a well labeled diagram. What are the different fractions of petroleum and their uses? Enlist various fractions obtained during fractional distillation with their boiling range and uses. c) What is Catalytic cracking? Mention important advantages of catalytic cracking. Explain fluid bed catalytic cracking with a neat sketch. 8 M 8M 8M 5M 5

16 d) Write short notes on: (i) Knocking in diesel engine (ii) Antiknocking agents in petrol. e) Discuss how the knocking properties of gasoline are related to the chemical constitution of the fuel and compression ratio. f) Explain fractional distillation of crude petroleum oil. 5M g) h) Write short note on Cetane Number. What is catalytic cracking? Explain moving bed catalytic cracking with neat sketch. i) Define: octane number and cetane number. How octane no. and cetane no. can be improved? j) A gaseous fuel has the following % composition by volume : CH 4 = 45%, C 2 H 6 = 25%, C 3 H 8 = 16%, CO= 8% and N 2 = 6%. if 25% excess air is supplied, calculate: Minimum volume of air in cubic meter required per cubic meter of fuel. % composition of dry flue gas (by volume) with respect to supplied air l) Explain the process of fractional distillation of crude oil with a well labeled diagram. What are the different fractions of petroleum and their uses? m Explain knocking in petrol Engine. How is it related to chemical structure of ) fuel. Define octane number. State how knocking in petrol is related with its chemical structure n Differentiate between octane number and Cetane number. 2 M What is compression ratio? How does it affect the power output and efficiency of internal combustion engine. Write short note on (i) Cetane number (ii) Antiknocking agents in petrol (iii) Advantages of catalytic cracking over thermal cracking. Write descriptive note on any two. i) Fractional Distillation. ii) Octane and Cetane No. iii) Knocking and chemical structure of hydrocarbon. 2M 2M Q.5. a) Unit III - Lubrication What are semi-solid lubricants? State the conditions under which they are used. b) Write short notes on (any TWO) (i) Boundary lubrication (ii) Silicones (iii) Cloud and pour point c) Differentiate between Thick film and Thin film mechanisms of lubrication. d) Under what operating conditions are solid lubricants preferred? Explain role of 5M graphite as a solid lubricant. e) Close cup apparatus gives more reliable and accurate values of flash and fire point than obtained by open cup apparatus. Justify. f) What are Greases? Under what condition they are used as lubricant. 6 5M

17 g) h) Write short notes on (any TWO) (i) Biodegradable lubricants (ii) Silicones as synthetic lubricants (iii) Viscosity and Viscosity Index. Discuss boundary film lubrication mechanism. Give the significance of following properties of lubricating oils: (i). Cloud and pour point (ii). Acid value (iii). Viscosity index (iv). Flash and fire point (v). Drop point test of greases. i) An oil sample under test has saybolt universal viscosity same as that of low standard Gulf oil and high standard pennsylvian oil at 210 F. their viscosities at 100 F are 61, 758 and 420 SUS respectively. Calculate V.I of given oil. j) Compare thin film lubrication with thick film lubrication k) Discuss the conditions under which solid lubricant are preffered? Explain the structure of molybdenum disulphide l) Under what operating conditions solid lubricants are preferred? Explain Graphite as a solid lubricant with diagram. m) Give the significance of following properties of lubricating oils: i) Cloud and pour point ii) Aniline point iii) Acid value. A lubricating oil has same viscosity as that of standard naphthenic and paraffinic base oil at 210 o F. Their viscosities at 100 o F are 350 sec., 480 sec. and 230 sec. respectively. Find the viscosity index of the oil. A transformer oil has the same viscosity as that of zero VI oil (Gulf oil) and 2 M 100 VI oil (Pennsylvanian oil) at 210ºF. Their viscosities at 100ºF are 320, 430 and 260 SUS resp.find the viscosity index of the transformer oil. Why Greases are called as a thixotropic gel? State the condition under which semisolid lubricant are used. A transformer oil has S.U.V. of 78 seconds at 210 ºF and 490 seconds at 100 2M ºF. Low viscosity gulf oil has S.U.V. of 78 seconds at 210 ºF and 710 seconds at 100 ºF. High viscosity Pennsylvanian oil has S.U.V. of 78 seconds at 210 ºF and 430 seconds at 100 ºF. Calculate the viscosity index of given oil. A Lubricating oil has same viscosity as that of high viscosity standard and low 2 M viscosity standard oil at 210ºF. Their viscosities at 100ºF are 320 sec, 280 sec and 420 sec respectively. Find viscosity Index of the oil. What is Lubrication? Name different mechanism of lubrication. Explain Thick film lubrication. Write a short note on Synthetic lubricants OR Q.6. a) Explain extreme pressure lubrication. a) A lubricating oil has same viscosity as that of standard naphthenic and 2M paraffinic base oil at 210 o F. Their viscosities at 100 o F are 350 sec., 460 sec. and 280 sec. respectively. Find the viscosity index of the oil. b) Write the criteria for selection of lubricants for (i) IC engine (ii) Transformer (iii) Steam turbine c) Give the significance of following properties of lubricating oils: 2M 7 5M 2M 2 M

18 (i) Viscosity index (ii) Aniline point (iii) Cloud and pour point. d) Write short notes on (any Two) (i) Lubricating emulsions (ii) Drop point test (iii) Biodegradable lubricants. e) Explain the significance of flash and fire points in selecting the lubricating oil. 2M f) A transformer oil has S.U.V. of 90 second at 210 o F and 450 second at 100 o F. 2M Low viscosity Gulf oil has SUV of 90 second at 210 o F and 700 second at 100 F. High viscosity Pennsylvanian oil has SUV of 90 second at 210 o F and 420second at 100 o F. Calculate viscosity index of given oil. g) What are the requisites of the lubricants to be used in the following machinery: (i) Refrigeration (ii) Steam turbines. (iii) Gears (iv) IC Engine h) Write notes on (any two) (i). Synthetic lubricants (ii). Lubricating emulsions (iii). Graphite as a lubricant 2 M j) discuss the working conditions, properties of lubricating oils used for IC engines and transformers k) Define drop point test and penetration test. Write the significance of above test l) Explain thick film lubrication m) Write criteria for selection of lubricants for. i) Transformer. ii) IC Engine. iii) Steam turbine iv) Refrigeration. n) A lubricating oil has the same viscosity as standard napthanic and paraffinic 2M type oils at 210ºF. Their viscosities at 100ºF are 325 S.U.S., 430 S.U.S. and 260 S.U.S. respectively. Find the viscosity Index of the oil. Explain the mechanism of Boundary Lubrication. o) Define and state the significance of any two. i) Drop point and consistency test of grease. ii) Cloud point and pour point. iii) Flash point and Fire point. Discuss Drop - Print Test of Greases. Write a note on : i) Lubricating emulsions. ii) Extreme Pressure Lubrication. Discuss Boundary Lubrication on mechanism. What are the requisites of lubricants to be used in following any two. i) Transformer. ii) I/C engines iii) Gear 2 M Explain the following properties of lubricants with their significance any two. i) Viscosity and Viscosity index. ii) Flash point and Fire point. iii) Cloud point and pour point. Under what operational conditions solid lubricants are used. Explain the structure of graphite. 2M 8

19 Q.7 a) Unit IV ADVANCED MATERIALS What are the properties and applications of Liquid Crystal Polymers? Discuss different phases of LCP. b) Define carbon nanotubes. List any two applications of carbon nanotubes. c) Discuss application of nanomaterials in environmental fields. d) What are composite materials? How are they classified? Give industrial applications of composite materials What are composite material? Explain the engg. applications of composite material with suitable examples. e) What are nanomaterials? Enlist the applications on Nanomaterials in the fields of medicine and environment. f) What is Carbon Nanotube? Name its types. 2 M g) What are conducting polymers? Give the properties and applications of polyaniline. h) 2M Explain applications of Nano Materials in medicine. i) What are composite materials? Give the general classification of composite materials. Enlist any two uses of each type. j) Why the demand of biodegradable polymers is more as compared to ordinary polymers? Discuss the synthesis and applications of polycaprolactone. k) ) what is the use of mesogen in the structure of liquid crystal polymers? Discuss the applications of LCP. l) write short note on carbon nanotubes and their uses in the field of electronics. m) What are nanomaterials? Enlist the applications of nanomaterials in the field of Electronics. n) b) What are the properties and applications of liquid crystal polymers? Discuss different phases of LCP. o) c) What are biodegradable polymers? Give synthesis and applications of polylactic acid. p) Give the synthesis & applications of polylactic acid as a biodegradable polymer. q) What are carbon nanotubes? Discuss the application of Nano-technology in the fields of medicine and Environment. r) What are conducting polymers? Give properties and applications of polyaniline s) Discuss the synthesis and applications of i) Polycaprolactone ii) Poly lactic acid. t) Discuss carbon nano tubes and their types. u) Write short notes on any two. i) Applications of nanomaterials in environment. ii) Conducting polymers iii) Carbon nanotubes v) What are conducting polymer? State the types of conducting polymer? Give an account of polyacetylene as conducting polymer. w) Define the term "composite-material". How are they classified? State the important application of composite material. 9

20 OR Q.8 a) What are biodegradable polymers? Give synthesis and application of poly lactic acid. b) What are composite materials? Give industrial applications of fibre reinforced composite materials. c) What are conducting polymers? Give the properties and applications of polyaniline. d) Give an account of synthesis, properties and applications of Polypyrrole conducting polymer. e) Give an account of synthesis, properties and applications of polylactic acid, a biodegradable polymer. f) What are Liquid Crystal Polymers? Give different phases of liquid crystal polymers. g) State general properties and applications of Liquid Crystal polymers. Give applications of LCP 2 M h) Enlist the applications of poly caprolactone biodegradable polymer. Also give its synthesis and properties. i) Discus the different phases of liquid crystal polymers. j) Why polyaniline polymers are used in packaging of electronic products? Write the general applications of conductive polymers. k) How composite materials are classified? Discuss the uses of composite materials. l) What are composite materials? Give industrial applications of fibre reinforced composite materials. m) b) Give an account of synthesis, properties and applications of polypyrole as a conducting polymer. n) c) Differentiate between single wall carbon nanotube and multi wall carbon nanotube. 2M o) Give an account of applications of nanomaterials in medicine & environment. What are nano materials? Give applications of nano materials in the field of electronics and medicine. What are liquid crystal polymers? Write on different phases of LCP. Write a note on conducting polymer with suitable example Write short notes on any two. i) Liquid crystal polymers. ii) Properties & applications of polyaniline iii) Applications of nanomaterials in medicine. Write notes on i) Biodegradable Polymer. ii) Liquid crystal polymer. Define Nanomaterial. Discuss the applications of nanomaterial in electronics field. 10