ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN NUCLEAR AND RADIATION SAFETY AGENCY

Transcription

1 ACADEMYOFS CI ENCE SOFTHEREPUBL I COFT AJ I KI S T AN NUCL E ARAND RADI ATI ONS AF ETYAGENCY ( ST ATEREGULATORYAUTHORI TYI NTHEFI ELDOFENSURI NGRADI ATI ONSAFETY)

2 ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN NUCLEAR AND RADIATION SAFETY AGENCY «Nuclear and radiation safety agency is state regulatory authority on ensuring radiation safety and security under Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, hereinafter referred to as regulatory authority, which carries out single state policy» (Law of the Republic of Tajikistan «On radiation safety», article 6) LLC «ART-GUNN» Dushanbe

3 The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency (State Regulatory Authority) under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan. Dushanbe: LLC ART GUNN, 2013, 52 p. Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency (State Regulatory Authority) under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan (NRSA) is a complex research and regulatory institution, the main activity directions of which is carrying out the state policy in the field of radiation safety and environmental radiation monitoring of Tajikistan. Physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, geology and other experts and specialists are successfully working in the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency (State Regulatory Authority) under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan. Compilers: PhD in mathematics and physics: J.A.Salomov, PhD in mathematics and physics: H.Nasrulloev, PhD in engineering: I.U.Mirsaidov, PhD in engineering: B.B.Barotov, PhD in chemical sciences: M.Z.Akhmedov, PhD in chemical sciences: N.U.Khakimova. Responsible Editor Academician, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Professor, Doctor in Chemistry Sciences, U.M.Mirsaidov Computer-aided makeup: Е.Y.Маlysheva NRSA AS RT,

4 1. RADIATION AND RADIATION SAFETY (short historical excursus) Radiation is an emission which is derived from some kind of matter. In 1895, physicist V. Roentgen ( ) discovered rays which afterwards were known as X-rays. The first Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to V. Roentgen for X-rays discovery. For the first time, X-ray diagnosis was applied in the late of 19th century. X-rays are indistinguishable from -radiation by its impact on live tissue. A review was published already in 1897 where 69 cases were mentioned as result of X-rays irradiation. Shortly after X-rays discovery, the French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity phenomenon (1896). He had shown that uranium salt is emitted rays of unknown type which are different from X-rays. Becquerel s discovered rays became known as radioactive, and their emission phenomenon was called as radioactivity. In 1934 at Radium Institute laboratory of Paris, Frederic Joliot- Curie ( ) and his wife, Irene Joliot-Curie ( ) discovered artificial radioactivity, nuclear reactions products radioactivity, which afterwards became especially important. From total number of (~ 2000) known radionuclides, only about 300 are natural and others are produced in result of nuclear reactions. Three primary radionuclides U, 235 U and 232 Th - are the ancestors of natural radioactive series. Figure 1 shows the main scheme of 238 Principal Decay Scheme U decay. of Uranium U y 234 Th 24.1 d 234 Pa 6.6 h 226 Ra 1620 y 230 Th y 234 U y 210 Bi 5.01 d 210 Po d 206 Pb Figure 1. Main scheme of 238 U decay. 3

5 Radionuclides in atmosphere are of great interest. The radionuclide s content in atmosphere is very variable and mainly depends on meteorological conditions. Radon and its decay products have particular importance in environmental radioactivity process. Radon-222 with 3.82 days half-life period is meant while talking about radon. 222 Rn decay products scheme is shown on Figure 2. Atomic structure, elementary particles, chemical elements, isotopes, ionization are described in numerous textbooks in detail. We described below briefly the radioactivity and types of ionizing radiation. The most important radioactive substances indicator is its half-life - the required time for half nucleus decay. The radioactive elements half-life is varied from several microseconds till several billions years. For example half life of 131 I = 8 days, 137 Cs = 30 years, 60 Co = 5.3 years, 238 U=4, 5 billion years. As known, radioactive nucleus are emitting basically three types of ionizing radiation: - -, β-and -. Figure.2. Rn-222 decay products. 4

6 Alpha-particles react with but due-to their large size and electric charge are losing more energy. Alpha-particles easily brought into stop by substance. In the air, they run few centimeters. Just a paper can stop -particles emitted by radioactive nucleus. β-particles penetrability is much greater than -particles (several meters in air). β-particles mass is 7000 times smaller than -particles mass. -radiation has a significant penetrability (average run of -radiation in air approximately 100 meters) and presents the basic danger as external exposure source. Also there is a neutron radiation, which consists of particles not bearing electrical charge and come into existence in nuclear reactions. Depending on energy, neutrons are divided into: Fast neutrons 20 MeV 200 KeV; Intermediate neutrons 200 KeV 0,5 ev; Thermal neutrons 0,5 ev 0.01 ev Average run of thermal neutrons in the air is approximately meters and fast neutrons run in the air are approximately m. Activity shows how many nucleuses are decayed per unit of time. Unit of activity is Becquerel Bq, absorbed dose (Gray, Gr), equivalent dose (Sievert Sv). 1 Bq = 1 decay/second. 1 Cu = 3, Bq. The absorbed dose is one of the basic dosimetric values which are equal to ratio of average energy, transferred to substance by ionizing radiation in elementary volume, to substance s mass in this volume. Energy which is absorbed by body or object. Absorbed dose s unit is Gray, Gr. 1 Gr = 1 Joule/kg. 1 Gr = 100 rad. Equivalent dose is one of the basic dosimetric values in the field of radiation safety and expresses absorbed radiation dose s product on average coefficient of ionizing radiation quality in 5

7 present element s volume of biological tissue. Equivalent dose s unit is Sievert (Sv). 1 Sv is a huge dose. In practice, thousandsmilisieverts (msv) and million fractions microsievert (microsv) are usually used. Below are some important dates related to radiation: 1895 V. Roentgen discovers X-rays; 1896 Becquerel discovers natural radioactivity; 1898 Maria and Pierre Curie are separating radioactive element radium; 1928 International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) is established in Stockholm; 1942 First nuclear reactor is constructed in USA; 1945 Atomic Bomb is released to Hiroshima and Nagasaki; 1954 First soviet nuclear reactor is constructed in Obninsk; 1979 Accident on NPP TMI, Harrisburg, USA; 1986 Accident on Chernobyl NPP (Soviet Union) Accident on NPP Fukushima, Japan 2. RADIATION SAFETY ESTABLISHMENT IN TAJIKISTAN The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan approved Governmental Decree 338 from About Commission formation on interaction with IAEA with the purpose of the following issues solution: Becoming a member of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Signing Agreement on the Application of Safeguards under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; Nuclear free zone treaty in Central Asia region. Academician U.Mirsaidov was assigned as chairman of this commission. 6

8 Commission was given an order to prepare justified proposals for interaction with IAEA and to become a member of this organization in the shortest time. Commission s scientific secretary was A.A.Juraev who performed the big volume of preparatory works in order Tajikistan could become the member of IAEA. Commission s meetings took place every quarter. Commission s members were heads of many related ministries and authorities interested in the works related to protection against radiation. Commission s members expressed expediency and necessity for the country to become a member of IAEA. Specific attention was given to join the IAEA Technical Cooperation program. IAEA missions visited Tajikistan several times by Commission s invitation with the purpose of radiation situation familiarization in republic. The basic assistance for regulatory authority establishment was rendered by IAEA experts: M.Sohrabi, Z.Proza, M.Kurylchyk, J.Sabol, L.Rozdyalouskaya. Experts emphasized that the basic elements of national infrastructure are: legislation and regulatory system with regulatory body authorized to carry out licensing and inspection of regulatory activities, ensure legislation and regulations development and compliance to them. Commission prepared necessary documentation for the Republic of Tajikistan to become member of IAEA. Majlisi namoyandagon (Parliament) ratified IAEA statute by its Decree 359 from Tajikistan became IAEA member starting 1 November 2001 and an urgent necessity came into existence to establish body on science and regulation in the field of radiation safety. Governmental Decree of the RT 3594 (16.1-2) from 18 September 2002, initially, established Agency on atomic energy under the Presidium of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan (AS RT) and, later, Nuclear and radiation safety agency 7

9 (NRSA) AS RT as structural institution of AS RT was established by Decree of Presidium of AS RT 112 from The basic activity directions of NRSA AS RT in parallel with its regulatory activities were: Scientific investigations in the field of nuclear and radiation safety Environmental monitoring Complex reprocessing of uranium ores and waste Intensive investigations on reprocessing of uranium ore and waste as well as in the field of radiation safety are carried out starting from The first NRSA s activities were initiated by U.Mirsaidov, A.А.Juraev, J.Salomov, M.Khikmatov, K.Nazarov and etc. It was necessary to establish legislative basis in the field of radiation safety once IAEA statute was ratified and Tajikistan became member of IAEA. Parliament of the country on approved RT Law 488 On radiation safety. Mentioned law defines regulatory relationships related to ensuring radiation safety, protection of life, health, property and environment against harmful impact of ionizing radiation. Law describes in details regulations in the field of radiation safety ensuring (RS), RS ensuring during emergencies, rights and obligations of citizens and public unions in the field of RS ensuring, responsibility for non-compliance with requirement on RS ensuring and etc. Besides, Parliament of the country by its Decree 219 from approved Law About use of atomic energy. This law defines legal basis and regulation principles on public relationships related to atomic energy use, ensuring regime of nuclear weapon non-proliferation, nuclear and radiation safety. Law also facilitates to atomic science and technology development, strengthening international security regime of atomic energy use. In November 2004, Parliament of the Republic of Tajikistan ratified Safeguards Agreement and Additional Protocol earlier signed by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan. 8

10 The important milestone in legal acts developments is RT Governmental Decree 482 from Regulation on state control in the field of radiation safety ensuring and RT Governmental Decree 471 from On approving regulation on Inter-agency council on ensuring radiation safety. In accordance with the RT Law On radiation safety, NRSA AS RT is State regulatory authority, which carries out single state policy and coordinates activity of other authorized bodies. In accordance with indicated law, NRSA AS RT: - carries out different activities licensing related to use of radioactive substances; - approves regulations and guidance related to radiation safety, physical protection, emergency preparedness and response, account for and control of nuclear materials and sources of ionizing radiation (SIR); - carries out inspection over compliance with regulations and guidance on radiation safety and license conditions; - determines qualified requirements to employees occupied on sites with use of SIR and others. Currently NRSA AS RT is the main national infrastructure regulating and inspecting activity related to use of radioactive substances and facilitating to peaceful use of atomic energy for the benefit of population. 3. STRUCTURE OF NRSA AS RT NRSA AS RT is national coordinator for IAEA. National Liaison Officer s duties includes: all stages coordination of Country Program Framework, dialogues and information exchange with partners on regional and national projects, ensuring submission of national projects to IAEA, national and regional projects management, identifying priorities for submitted projects, rendering systematic assistance during national projects implementation and others. 9

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12 DIRECTOR Mirsaidov U, doctor in chemical sciences, professor, AS RT academician is director of NRSA AS RT. Carries out overall management of the Agency, he is national liaison officer to IAEA. He is also Agency s scientific supervisor on «Study of manufacturing basis for reprocessing of uranium ores and uranium industry s waste». DEPUTY DIRECTOR ON SCIENTIFIC ISSUES. Salomov J.A., PhD in physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor is deputy director on scientific issues. He supervises issues related to scientific works fulfillment, carries out coordination works with ministries and authorities. He carries out introduction of Agency s elaborations and supervises contractual works. He is responsible for safety measures and procedures in the Agency. 11

13 DEPUTY DIRECTOR ON GENERAL ISSUES Barotov M.A., PhD in technical sciences is deputy director on general issues. He supervises issues related to procurement and all technical services provided by the Agency. He carries out control over buildings and equipment repair implementation. He compiles contracts on ensuring electricity, water supply, engineer system maintenance as well as technical services. SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY Nasrulloev Kh., PhD in physical and mathematical sciences is scientific secretary of the Agency. He deals with research planning and publishing its results. He compiles annual scientific reports. 12

14 SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT (SRD) SRD is headed by academician Mirsaidov U. Tel.: , NRSA AS RT established in the system of Academy of Sciences and that s why one of the basic tasks of the Agency is carrying out scientific and research works. These works are carried out in SRD. SRD is in the process of establishment. New two floor building is constructed where different laboratories (spectrometry, radiochemistry, calibration and etc.) are operating. SRD carries out investigations in the field of environmental monitoring of Tajikistan and uranium ores and waste reprocessing. Process flow diagram is developed and optimal conditions are determined for uranium industry waste reprocessing process. U 3 O 8 production possibility from uranylnitrate hyxahydride and uranylsulphate trihydride is shown. Under scientific supervision of Prof. Badalov, uranylnitrate hexahydride dehydration process is studied by SRD s staff which courses in temperature intervals K and consists from three stages with two moles of water detachment in each stage. UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 thermal decomposition process coursing in temperature intervals К, consists of two stages. Uranylsulphate trihydride dehydration process coursing in temperature intervals K consists from two stages with 13

15 one mole of water detachment in first stage and two moles of water in second stage of the process. Uranylsulphate thermal decomposition process courses in one stage in temperature intervals K. Chemical diagrams of separate dehydration process stages and uranyl compounds decomposition are determined by X-ray phase analysis, spectroscopy and tensimetry and thermodynamic characteristics of these stages are calculated. The fullest data on thermal and thermodynamic characteristics of crystalline hydrides and dehydrated uranyl nitrate and sulphate are received. Mine and technical waters characteristics of uranium industry waste are studied. It is determined that mine water flowing out of the gallery in Taboshar settlement contains uranium in the amount of 10 mg/l with water flow rate of 40 m 3 /hour, and mine waters of Kiik-Tal contains uranium in the amount of mg/l., ph 7,0-7,5 and with water flow rate 4,0-4,5 m 3 /hour. Mine and technical waters characteristics of Taboshar and Kiik-Tal revealed expediency of uranium extraction. Sorption process kinetics for uranium extraction from mine and technical waters of uranium industry waste is investigated. High sorption properties of apricot s shell in comparison with other sorbents are revealed. Optimal sorption parameters are established. Basic process flow diagram for uranium extraction from mine and technical waters of uranium industry wastes is developed which consists from the following stages: acidation, sorption, burning, leaching, sedimentation, filtration, drying. Environmental investigations within the territory of Northern Tajikistan are carried out and according to its measuring results radio-ecological map of Northern Tajikistan is compiled. Sulfuric acid leaching of uranium-bearing ores of some deposits with preliminary water washing and without washing is 14

16 studied. Comparison results revealed that ores after water washing are better leached. Advanced process flow diagram with chalkstone and ammonia nitrate application in manufacturing process during redundant sulfuric acid neutralization stage is developed after uranium desorption from resin AM (p) for yellow cake sedimentation from uranium-bearing solutions. Uranium extraction during sedimentation stage is 99%. 15

17 LICENSING AND INSPECTION DEPARTMENT (LID) LID is headed by academician U.M.Mirsaidov Tel.: LID consists of two sections: 1. LICENSING SECTION (LS) headed by B.B.Barotov 2. INSPECTION SECTION (IS) headed by M.Z.Akhmedov; The main tasks of LID are strengthening legal basis in the field of radiation safety, provisions introduction of basic regulation, law On radiation safety, law About atomic energy use and Governmental decrees. LID elaborated and enacted the following documents: Governmental Decree (No. 482), adopted 3 December 2004, making provisions for State regulation in the area of radiation safety; Governmental Decree (No. 337), adopted 1 September 2005 (amended in 2009), making provisions for licensing of specific types of activities; 16

18 Governmental Decree (No. 471), adopted 2 December 2005, making provisions for activities of inter-agency Council on Radiation Safety; Norms of radiation safety (NRB-06) SP (No. 237)- registered in the Ministry of Justice from 16 January 2007; Hygienic requirements for facilities and X-ray rooms operations, apparatus and carrying out X-ray examinations (No. 257) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 16 April 2007; Requirements for ensuring the radiation safety (PORB-08) (No. 402) registered in the Ministry of Justice from 18 June 2008; Order of registration, review, examination of applications and documents set submitted for obtaining of license for activities related to sources of ionizing radiation and radioactive substances use, internal document approved in 2009; Commissions regulation under Nuclear and Radiation Safety AS RT «On different activities licensing related to sources of ionizing radiation use», internal document approved in 2006; Requirements for carrying out inspections of business entities' activities in the Republic of Tajikistan by Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency (No. 529) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 19 June 2009; Checklists for carrying out inspections. Elaborated in compliance with IAEA recommendations, covering 7 areas of activity ( 457), registered in the Ministry of Justice from 26 November 2008; Requirements for carrying out quality control in medical X- ray diagnostics (No. 573) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 23 April 2010; Requirements for ensuring radiation safety during transportation of radioactive materials (No. 599) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 26 January 2011; 17

19 NP Requirements for ensuring physical protection of facilities and storages with radioactive sources and wastes (No. 601) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 09 February 2011; NP Ionizing radiation sources categorization and requirements for their determination (No. 602) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 09 February 2011; NP Requirements for ensuring radiation safety during scrap metal collection and its sale (613) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 17 June 2011; NP Requirements on radioactive waste management (608) registered in the Ministry of Justice in 11 April 2011; Besides on the basis of the Law «On radiation safety» the following regulations are in the process of approval: Requirements for liquidated, conserved and changed the line of business enterprises on extraction and reprocessing of radioactive ores. Requirements for facilities and radioisotope equipment operation. Order on state accounting for and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste. The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan On radioactive waste management is also in the process of approval. Staff of LID is carrying out works in the field of accounting for and control of SIR as well as illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials. 18

20 INSPECTION SECTION (IS) IS is headed by M.Z.Akhmedov Tel.: Mobile: The basic tasks of IS are carrying out organizations and enterprises inspections which using in their activity sources of ionizing radiation. Organizations and enterprises inspections are carried out in accordance with the RT laws On radiation safety, On carrying out inspections of commercial entities activities in the Republic of Tajikistan, About atomic energy use, On licensing of separate types of activities, and regulations On state control in the field of radiation safety, About licensing of separate kinds of activities as well as requirements and rules: Rules on carrying out inspections of commercial entities in the Republic of Tajikistan by Nuclear and radiation safety agency under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan and other legal acts. 19

21 IS started its activity after elaboration and state approval of Rules on carrying out inspections of commercial entities in the Republic of Tajikistan by Nuclear and radiation safety agency under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan and Different checklists for users of ionizing radiation sources in different fields. Those different checklists were approved in 2008 and are the following: 1. Checklists for inspection of X-ray diagnostics apparatus and computer tomography; 2. Checklists for inspection and use of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine departments; 3. Checklists for inspection of radiotherapy units, brachytherapy and X-ray therapy; 4. Checklists for inspection of industrial sites which are using sources of ionizing radiation; 5. Checklists for inspection of industrial radiography sites and radioisotope units; 6. Checklists for inspection of unsealed radioactive sources; 7. Checklists for inspection of sites with electron emitter. The checklist, depending on type of ionizing radiation source use, is handled to the users before carrying out an inspection according to Rules on carrying out inspections of commercial entities in the Republic of Tajikistan by Nuclear and radiation safety agency under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan and inspection is take place on the basis of this checklist. Staff of IS is carrying out dosimetric measurements and X- ray apparatus QC during X-ray rooms inspections. X-ray apparatus and protective means parameters compliance with acting requirements are examined. Dose rate identifications by different distance, radionuclide identification preliminary spectrometry and other actions related to ionizing radiation sources are also carried out during inspections of radioactive sources. 20

22 Staff of IS was involved in compiling inventory of ionizing radiation sources within the territory of the republic. They completed an inventory of sealed and unsealed radioactive sources, X-ray apparatus and nuclear materials. The collected data was inputted to the RASOD database which is the national database for all radioactive sources in the country. In general, IS carries out inspection of all users dealing with ionizing radiation sources. Inspectors are carrying out workplace monitoring, dosimetric measurements, examines fulfillment of: quality assurance (QA) programs, physical protection of ionizing radiation sources and emergency preparedness and response plan as well as compliance with legal acts in the field of radiation safety/security and license requirements. LICENSING SECTION (LS) LS is headed by B.B.Barotov Tel.:

23 The main tasks of LS under NRSA are carrying out licensing activity in the field of radiation safety in compliance with Tajikistan s legislation requirements: RT Law On radiation safety 42 from 1 August 2003, RT Law About atomic energy use 69 from 9 December 2004, RT Law On licensing of separate types of activities and regulations On state control in the field of ensuring the radiation safety approved by RT Governmental Decree 482 from 3 December 2004, About licensing specifications for separate types of activities approved by RT Governmental Decree 337 from 1 September 2005 as well as legal basis strengthening in the field of radiation safety. LS elaborated and enacted the following documents: 1. Order of registration, review, examination of applications and documents set submitted to Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan for obtaining of license for activities related to sources of ionizing radiation and radioactive substances use, approved by order of NRSA AS RT director 12-1 from ; 2. Commissions regulation under Nuclear and radiation safety agency AS RT «On different activities licensing related to sources of ionizing radiation use», internal document approved in 2006; 3. Requirements for carrying out inspections of business entities' activities in the Republic of Tajikistan by Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency (No. 529) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 19 June 2009; 4. Requirements for ensuring the radiation safety (PORB-08) (No. 402) registered in the Ministry of Justice from 18 June 2008; 5. Checklists for carrying out inspections. Elaborated in compliance with IAEA recommendations. (covering 7 areas of activity), registered in the Ministry of Justice by 457 from 26 November 2008; 22

24 6. Requirements for ensuring radiation safety during transportation of radioactive materials (No. 599) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 26 January 2011; 7. Hygienic requirements for facilities and X-ray rooms operations, apparatus and carrying out X-ray examinations Sanitary requirements SanPiN (No. 257) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 16 April 2007; 8. Requirements for carrying out quality control in medical X-ray diagnostics (No. 573) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 23 April 2010; 9. NP Requirements on radioactive waste management (608) registered in the Ministry of Justice in 11 April 2011; 10. NP Ionizing radiation sources categorization and requirements for their determination (No. 602) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 09 February 2011; 11. NP Requirements for ensuring radiation safety during scrap metal collection and its sale (613) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 17 June 2011; 12. NP Requirements for ensuring physical protection of facilities and storages with radioactive sources and wastes (No. 601) - registered in the Ministry of Justice from 09 February 2011; A number of other legal documents are elaborated and currently are in review stage: Requirements for facilities and radioisotope equipment operation; Requirements for accounting and control of public exposure received by citizens while working with ionizing radiation sources, while passing through the X-ray examinations, as well as conditioned to radiation background; 23

25 Organization requirements for accounting and control over radioactive substances and radioactive waste; Memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency AS RT and RT Ministry of Health; Memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency AS RT and Customs Service under the GRT. LS in its activity also carries out technical evaluation of documents set and applications submitted for license. LS prepares documentation for license issuance. 24

26 INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL DEPARTMENT (IAD) IAD is headed by J.A.Salomov PhD in physical and mathematical sciences Tel.: The basic tasks of IAD are providing information related to radiation safety for scientific & research institutions as well as public. IAD organizes different events (seminars, workshops, conferences, training courses and etc.) to raise awareness about radiation safety as well as to increase the scientific, methodological & technical levels in the country on radiation safety. Information and international relations section (IIRS) is operating under this IAD. IAD created NRSA s web-site: which is constantly maintained by different informational resources. Highspeed optical fiber internet is arranged and operational in IAD 25

27 under bilateral project with United States of America. This arrangement allows updating web-site s informational resources in-time and operating high-quality design web-site. IAD is responsible to carry out correspondence with all international organizations and countries with which cooperation agreements in the field of peaceful use of atomic energy are signed. IAD equipped with modern and up-to-date equipment. Library and National INIS (International Nuclear Information System) Center are operating under IAD. Library has in its possession all IAEA publications covering different areas issued from 1970 as well as national books of Tajikistan s scientists in current field and other natural sciences. Staff of IAD undertook training in number of IAEA advanced member states in the field of operating National INIS Center and library. Staff is professionally trained by IAEA on software and on-line platforms by means of which: National and regional projects are submitted by Tajikistan to IAEA; Candidates are submitted for undertaking training courses, fellowships, scientific visits, seminars, workshops, technical meetings, conferences and other events under IAEA national, regional, inter-regional and international projects; Required equipment for the country under national and regional projects is requested; Projects work-plans are compiled; Profile of the country is maintained and updated and many other activities are carried out. All these activities are performed through on-line IAEA platforms such as: In-touch; TC-Pride; TC-Country Profile; PCMF; CPF s, available in IAEA web-site: IAD carries out correspondence with IAEA TC Department s Program Management Officers (PMO), IAEA 26

28 Technical Officers from other departments, for example with Technical Officers of different IAEA national projects on progress achieved under specific project in the country. IAD carries out correspondence and negotiations with UNDP, other UN and international organizations, regulatory authorities of IAEA member states, with IAEA counterparts of different regional projects, donors and NGO representatives, scientific and research institutions as well as public. IAD takes an active participation in IAEA TC Departments process of planning, policy and strategy formation. IAD actively interacts with beneficiaries of IAEA projects in Tajikistan. Staff of IAD renders assistance to IAEA national and regional projects counterparts in preparation and submission of projects, work-plans, request for necessary equipment, completing forms for undertaking trainings, fellowships, scientific visits, technical meetings, seminars and other events with its final submission to IAEA. INFORMATION AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SECTION (IIRS). IIRS is headed by I.Mirsaidov PhD in technical sciences Tel.: The basic tasks of IIRS are: - providing information to professionals dealing with SIR; - providing information to scientists within International Nuclear Information System (INIS); - carrying out measures to increase the scientific, methodological & technical levels in the country on radiation safety 27

29 - Organizing national and international training courses, seminars, workshops, conferences and other events in the field of nuclear and radiation safety/security. Sections operates National INIS Center (International Nuclear Information System), which provides services to scientists of the republic engaged in the fields of nuclear physics, radiochemistry, radiation safety, radiation ecology and etc. Besides mentioned activity INIS center ensures data input to INIS Secretariat in Vienna at IAEA Headquarters. Those inputs cover publications on above-mentioned areas within the Republic of Tajikistan. NATIONAL INIS CENTER IN TAJIKISTAN INIS is the world s leading information system on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. INIS is operated by the NIS is operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in collaboration with its Member States and co-operating international organizations. INIS provides a comprehensive information reference service for literature in nuclear science and technology. To do this, INIS processes most of the world s scientific and technical literature that falls within its subject scope. The subject scope was developed to respond to the information needs of the international community in the areas of the IAEA s interest and activities covering the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology. The fields covered are as follows: Nuclear Power including Nuclear Engineering and Instrumentation Fission Reactors Nuclear Fuel Cycle Radioactive Waste Management 28

30 Nuclear Safety Materials of Nuclear Interest Environmental Aspect (of Nuclear and Non-nuclear Energy Sources) Economic Aspects (of Nuclear and Non-nuclear Energy Sources) Safeguards, Non-proliferation Nuclear Applications including Production of Isotopes and Radiation Sources Industrial Applications of Isotopes and Radiation Sources Radioisotopes and Radiation in Earth Sciences Radioisotopes and Radiation in Agriculture, Biology and Medicine Radiation protection Nuclear Aspects of Physics including Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Condensed Matter Atomic and Molecular Physics Nuclear Physics Elementary Particle Physics Classical and Quantum Mechanics Nuclear Aspects of Chemistry including Radiochemistry Radiation Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Analytical Methods Legal Aspects 29

31 INIS Philosophy The basis of INIS is international co-operation. INIS is the first international information system in which both the collection of input and dissemination of output to users are decentralized. Only the data processing and output production are centralized in the INIS Secretariat. This decentralized approach to input and output was selected because it results in the most comprehensive coverage of nuclear literature, the most effective method of handling information in different languages, and the most satisfactory services for users of the information. The success of the INIS philosophy is demonstrated by: more than 3 million items in the INIS Database; annual growth averaging from to items; a collection of scientific reports, brochures, dissertations, patents, etc. exceeding documents, in microfiche and electronic form; worldwide use of INIS output products. 30

32 National INIS Center in Tajikistan was established in 2003 through IAEA national project TAD/0/002 Establishment of INIS Center. The basic objective of the project was to establish a national INIS center capable of providing the relevant information services in all aspects of the peaceful applications of nuclear sciences and technology in support of the national nuclear program. Necessary modern equipment for appropriate INIS Center operation was delivered to Tajikistan through IAEA project on Establishment of INIS Center. 4 employees from NRSA undertook fellowships in National INIS Centers of Iran and Russian Federation under this project. A scientific visit was arranged for NRSA management for familiarization with infrastructure of National INIS Centers in Iran and Russian Federation. National training courses were conducted in Dushanbe by INIS experts from Belorussia and Syria in 2002 and Provided national training courses to NRSA AS RT employees covered all issues related to appropriate operation of National INIS center. Currently National INIS Center of Tajikistan actively participates in elaboration of recommendations by INIS Secretariat and has the following functions: Selecting the relevant nuclear literature produced within country Preparing the associated input in accordance with INIS rules and submitting it to the IAEA which includes cataloguing, indexing, and input of hard-accessing literature Providing a hard or soft copy of the full text of those items of literature (excluding items towards which juridical and regime limitations are applied) which is not available through normal commercial channels 31

33 Providing consultations and recommendations to INIS Secretariat regarding INIS system operation and development. Providing INIS information and products to national stakeholders (scientists, post-graduate-students, scientists and etc) within the country and keeping contacts with them and informing INIS Secretariat regarding their opinion and proposals Promotion of INIS products at meetings and conferences Information exchange with INIS Center in Vienna 32

34 TECHNICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT (TSD) Department is headed by К.М.Nazarov PhD in technical sciences Tel.: or TSD carries out analysis and summarizes of procured materials and equipment, compiles relevant documentation, prepares informational and technical reports. TSD carries out an active interaction with UNDP on issues related to procured equipment and materials by IAEA for different national project in Tajikistan and their delivery to final beneficiary. 33

35 TSD carries out promotional activities on NRSA achievements by means of organizing exhibitions, shows, seminars and different negotiations. TSD has a key role in arranging logistics for different events organized by NRSA such as: training courses, seminars, workshops, meetings and others and in this regard actively cooperates with IAEA, ISTC, European Commission, USA Department of Energy, NNSA, SLD, PNNL, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority and other international organizations. TSD is responsible for safe delivery of equipment supplied under IAEA TC projects through UNDP office in Tajikistan and other international organizations and carries out customs clearance. TSD has a capacity to carry out repair works of this equipment. TSD consists of 6 sections which are providing different technical services to NRSA and considers being its TSO in this regard. TSO provides the following services: Occupational exposure control services: Patient exposure control services Public exposure control services Education and training services Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory Services (SSDL) Specific services 34

36 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE CONTROL SERVICES SECTION (OECSS). OECSS is headed by N.U.Khakimova PhD in chemical sciences. Tel.: or OECSS started its activity from March OECSS activity is based on NRSA AS RT statute, Regulation «About OECSS», Regulation «On state control in the field of ensuring radiation safety», approved by RT Governmental Decree 482 from г., RT law «On radiation safety» 69 from and carries out occupational exposure control (OEC) in compliance with Radiation Safety Norms requirements (NRB- 06) SP The basic tasks of OECSS are external individual monitoring and workplace monitoring as well as the data base (internal exposure monitoring is planned to take place in the future); 35

37 OECSS carries out control over external occupational exposures which is one of the important system elements for ensuring professionals radiation safety working with SIR. The basic objective for carrying out such an activity is taken care about human health protection who is working in controlled zone with SIR. The purpose for control is getting reliable occupational exposure identification in order to determine labor conditions compliance with radiation safety requirements. Received data can confirm whether personnel s radiation safety is ensured appropriately or not and whether radioactive source is under control. Occupational exposure service is carried out on contract basis with relevant organizations and persons for whom NRSA AS RT license is issued. Thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) are applied for occupational exposure control. Measurements are carried out by modern American thermoluminescent analyzer Harshaw TLD System 4500 with specialized software for automatic occupational exposure measurement and its archiving. Occupational exposure control and its accounting are carried out every quarter (3 month). Occupational exposure control service currently is provided to 400 professionals. These professionals are from different hospitals of Ministry of Health, Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense, Customs service under GRT, State Enterprise Radioactive Waste Disposal Site in Faizabad city, Aluminum plant and private companies. OECSS personnel are specialists who graduated from Tajik National University. They undertook IAEA fellowships on the subject in Lithuania and Armenia. 36

38 PATIENT EXPOSURE CONTROL SERVICES SECTION (PECSS1) OECSS is headed by V.Saidov PhD in chemical sciences. Tel.: PECSS1 carries out Quality Assurance/Control of Medical Facilites and identifies whether operating facilities are in compliance with radiation safety requirements. PECSS1 is equippped with modern and up-to-date equipment (Unfors Xi) and its staff is trained by IAEA experts. 37

39 PUBLIC EXPOSURE CONTROL SERVICES SECTION (PECSS2) OECSS is headed by J.Misratov PhD in chemical sciences. Tel.: PECSS2 carries out environmental monitoring, spectrometry of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, natural radiation monitoring such as radon in houses and other related activities. PECSS2 is equippped with modern and up-to-date equipment and its staff is trained by IAEA experts. PECSS2 in its activity closely cooperates with NRSA branch in the Northern Tajikistan on uranium tailings monitoring. PECSS2 currently preparing Tajikistan s radiation map and in this regard environmental measurements for different regions of Tajikistan are going on. 38

40 EDUCATION AND TRAINING SERVICES SECTION (ETSS) ETSS is headed by A.Barotov Tel.: ETSS task is operating and maintaining recently established National Educational and Training Centre on Radiation Protection for the development of sufficient human resources to strengthen the radiation safety and radiation protection infrastructure in Tajikistan. ETSS provides different training courses, workshops and seminars for radiation workers and radiation protection officers (RPOs) as well as for representatives of law enforcement agencies. ETSS covers different topics on ensuring radiation safety in medicine, industry, agriculture, science & education, as well as courses on nuclear and radiation security. ETSS in cooperation with IAEA elaborated its training syllabus. ETSS prepared a national strategy of education and training in the field of radiation safety and security which is currently in the Parliament for approval. ETSS closely cooperates with IAEA on conducting different national and regional events in its center. 39

41 SECONDARY STANDARD DOSIMETRY LABORATORY SERVICE SECTION (SSDLSS) SSDLSS is headed by A.Shonazarov Tel.: SSDLSS task is to improve the status of radiation protection through precision calibration and standardized measurements in line with applicable national and international standards. Unfortunately SSDLSS is not operational currently and do not provide calibration services (dosimeter calibration) due to pending delivery of radiaoctive high-activity calibration source. Activities are foreseen to fix this problem during All modern eqipment is delivered and training is provided by IAEA to SDLSS staff. 40

42 SPECIFIC SERVICES SECTION (SSS) SSS is headed by F.Khamidov Tel.: SSS task is transport of radioactive material, emergency preparation and response services, search for orphan sources, nuclear forensics, installation of physical protection elements for sites with high-risk radioactive sources, etc. SSS staff carried out search of whole territory of Tajikistan for orphan sources and discovered more than 700 orphan and disused radioactive sources. 41

43 BRANCH OF NRSA IN SOGHD REGION (NORTHERN TAJIKISTAN) Sughd branch is headed by N.Khakimov PhD in Technical Sciences Tel.: Sughd branch was established in 2004 in Chkalovsk. In accordance with order of Presidium AS RT 72 dated it is considered as a legal entity. It is one of the first established and biggest branches of NRSA The basic tasks of Soghd branch are: - Environmental monitoring of Sughd region due to location of huge amount of uranium tailings in that part of Tajikistan; 42

44 - Accounting for, inventory and control of nuclear and other radioactive materials in Sughd region; - Applications review and documentation set preparation for license issuance by NRSA Headquarter in Dushanbe for types of activities with use of SIR in Sughd region; - Carrying out inspection over compliance with license conditions and radiation safety/security requirements of national legislation for activities with use of SIR in Sughd region. Branch also involved in carrying out research on ecological condition of water artery in Sughd region, public protection against harmful hazards and effects of former SUE «Vostokredmet» radioactive waste and etc. Sughd branch staff compiled passports for all uranium tailings of northern Tajikistan. Engineer and geological conditions as well as radionuclides composition in different uranium tailings are carried out by Sughd branch staff. The same activities, except research, are carried out by other NRSA branches in other parts of Tajikistan. 43

45 4. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION. The important milestone in Agency s activity is works coordination with international organizations. Cooperation with IAEA After becoming an IAEA member in 2001, the Republic of Tajikistan implemented 16 projects and additional 4 are submitted for the new cycle. Eight projects are completed and eight others are still active. Also Republic of Tajikistan participates in more than 40 regional projects from which 16 are completed and others are active. Beneficiaries of IAEA national projects in Tajikistan are: Different hospitals of Ministry of Health, Ministry of Energy and Industry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Tajik State Medical University, Customs Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, State Committee of National Security, Ministry of Interior and others. 44

46 The list of IAEA National projects implemented in the Republic of Tajikistan Project number TAD0002 TAD0003 TAD1001 TAD5002 Name Establishment of INIS Center. Objectives: To establish a national International Nuclear Information System (INIS) center capable of providing the relevant information services in all aspects of the peaceful applications of nuclear sciences and technology in support of the national nuclear program. Establishing a National Educational and Training Centre on Radiation Protection. Objectives: To establish a National Educational and Training Centre on Radiation Protection for the development of sufficient human resources to strengthen the radiation safety and radiation protection infrastructure in Tajikistan. Upgrading Laboratory Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring to Improve the Radiological Safety of the Public and the Environment. Objectives: To improve the radiological safety of public and environment by improving and upgrading laboratory capabilities for environmental radiation monitoring and to establish an accredited analytical quality control procedures. Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation for Land Use. Objectives: To develop capacity and tools for the assessment of land degradation (mainly soil erosion) 45

47 TAD5003 TAD5004 TAD5005 TAD6002 TAD6003 TAD6004 and implementation of soil conservation measures in Tajikistan. Diagnosis and Control of Brucellosis in Cattle, Sheep and Goats. Objectives: To improve diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats in order to prevent the spread of the disease among animals and the human population in Tajikistan. Improving Laboratory Capacity for Food Safety. Objectives: To provide assistance in the establishment of a central laboratory for the analysis of contaminants and residues in food and agricultural products and satellite laboratories at the border with neighboring countries. Developing Soil Conservation Strategies for Improved Soil Health. Objectives: To develop capacity and tools for the assessment of soil health and implementation of soil conservation measures and strategies in Tajikistan. Upgrading Nuclear Medicine Services. Objectives: To improve the technical capabilities of the Institute of Gastroenterology (IGE) in providing nuclear medicine for better patient care and treatment. Upgrading Radiotherapy Services at the Republican Clinical Centre of Oncology. Objectives: To upgrade radiotherapy services for the treatment of cancer at the Republican Clinical Centre of Oncology (RCCO). Establishment of Radiation Protection Calibration Service in Tajikistan. Objectives: To improve the status of radiation protection through precision calibration and 46