Lesson 13 The Periodic Table

Transcription

1 Lesson 13 The Periodic Table

2 Do Now 6S, O, Ga Copy info down into CJ. Keep CJs out and open on desk throughout class. On Do Now Page #7, copy and answer: 1. If an object with a mass of 11.2 g displaces 3.42 ml of water, what is its density? 2. What is the density of pure water? 3. Draw & label a particle diagram of a mixture of elements. 4. Draw & label a particle diagram of a mixture of compounds.

3 Do Now 6O, S Take out HW from last class and signed tests. Copy info down into CJ. Keep CJs out and open on desk throughout class. On Do Now Page 1. Copy and identify each element: a) Same period as strontium, 5 valence electrons b) Similar properties to fluorine, 4 electron shells c) 3 valence electrons, 3 electron shells d) A metalloid with 3 valence electrons 2. Density = 1.02 g/ml, Mass = 489 dg, Volume =?

4 Do Now 6S, 6O Take out quiz corrections to be collected. Copy info down into CJ. Keep CJs out and open on desk throughout class. On Do Now Page #8: copy and answer show all work with units. 1. M = 20.1 g, D = 0.98 g/ml, volume in ml =? 2. V = cl, M = 38.2 g, density in g/l =?

5 Do Now 6S, 6O Jan 10 th, 2019 Copy info down into CJ. Keep CJs out and open on desk throughout class. Take out your HW to be collected. On Do Now Page #8, copy and answer: 1. If you want to separate iron fillings from sand, you would use a. 2. Some solutions, such as salt water, are separated by which process? 3. Suspensions are best separated by which separation technique? 4. If V = 100 ml and D = 3.45 g/ml, M =?

6 Do Now 6S, 6O, Ga Jan 11 th, 2019 Copy info down into CJ. Keep CJs out and open on desk throughout class. On Do Now Page #8, copy and answer: 1. How are 5 Li and 6 Li the same? How are they different? 2. Which techniques should be used to get salt from a dry mixture of salt and sand? 3. If M = 1,000. mg and D = 5.25 g/ml, V =?

7 Videos: Alkali metals in water Genius of Periodic table How small is an atom?

8 Changing Atomic Models

9

10

11 Early Experimentation

12 Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment α particles consist of two protons and two neutrons

13 Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

14 Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you [1] Ernest Rutherford, The Development of the Theory of Atomic Structure, ed. J. A. Ratcliffe, in Background to Modern Science, eds. Joseph Needham and Walter Pagel, (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1938), Accessed September 22, 2014,

15 Analyzing Isotopes

16

17

18 Lesson Slides:

19 History Dmitri Mendeleev developed the first Periodic Table. He organized elements by property, then put them into group according to their mass. Henry G.J. Moseley arranged elements by atomic number (# of protons) Periodic law: Physical and chemical properties recur in a systematic matter when elements are placed by increasing atomic number.

20 Periodic Table Today Today, the Periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number (# of protons) On each panel representing elements you will see Name of element Atomic number Average atomic mass (usually a decimal number, represents the average of all the naturally-occurring isotopes of each element)

21 Periods of the Periodic Table Period = row on the periodic table Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells or energy levels. Period # = number of electron shells Elements in the same period do not all have the same properties.

22 Families of the Periodic Table Group / Family = column on the Periodic table Elements in a group have similar reactivity and properties. Valence electrons = electrons in the outermost electron shell (farthest from nucleus). # of valence electrons = group # (for A group only) Some groups/families have names. We refer to the groups/families by number or letter and number. Example: Lithium is in group 1A, or group 1, also known as the Alkali metal family

23 PERIODS correspond to number of electron shells

24 GROUPs correspond to number of valence electrons A group

25 Families of the Periodic Table

26 1A one shiny soft Very reactive H Video: Alkali metals react with water

27 2A two Solid Very reactive,

28 7A seven Most reactive (diatomic) At so study it

29 8A 8 Stable / unreactive Colorless, odorless

30 B Transition metals One or two shiny dense Melting points Hg (mercury) is liquid at room temperature

31 Lanthanides Rare earth metals Manufacturing, metal alloys, magnets Actinides All radioactive (unstable) synthetic

32 Electrons Electrons in the outermost electron shell Have the highest energy Group A # 1-2 Chemical bonding All other electrons that are not in the outermost shell Total electrons valence electrons Have lower energy than valence electrons; are closer to nucleus

33 PRACTICE: How many total, valence, and core electrons do the following neutral elements have? Element Name Total electrons Valence electrons Core electrons Li N Cl Sr F Mg K Se

34 PRACTICE: How many total, valence, and core electrons do the following neutral elements have? Element Name Total electrons Valence electrons Core electrons Li = 2 N = 2 Cl = 10 Sr = 36 F = 2 Mg = 10 K = 18 Se = 28