ENERGY. FUTURE. ZAE. Unlocking the potential of thermo-chemical technologies
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1 ENERGY. FUTURE. ZAE. Unlocking the potential of thermo-chemical technologies Dieter Preßl H-DisNet Bavarian Center Workshop for Applied / Berlin Energy Research / November e. V. 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 1 All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, and dissemination as well as in the case of industrial property rights.
2 Outline 1. ZAE Bayern Short introduction 2. Liquid sorption systems Potential & Challenges 3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples 4. Project MAKSOR E Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions 5. Summary & Outlook H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 2
3 Outline 1. ZAE Bayern Short introduction 2. Liquid sorption systems Potential & Challenges 3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples 4. Project MAKSOR E Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions 5. Summary & Outlook H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 3
4 ZAE Bayern Mission and Vision Since 1991, ZAE Bayern has been engaged in Research Commercialisation Training and education Consulting and information in all fields important for energy research and related topics. Aim: Realisation of an CO 2 -neutral energy supply by synergetic use of Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency Technologies H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 4
5 ZAE Bayern Applied Energy Research for the Energy Economy From basic research to full-size demonstrators Private economy Ressources Academic research ZAE Basic research Applied research Technology development Prototypes & products TRL (Technology Readiness Level) ZAE fills the gap between basic research and commercialisation of new ideas H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 5
6 ZAE Bayern Scientific Divisions Scientific divisions RENEWABLE ENERGIES (RE) Locations Erlangen Nürnberg Hof Scient. director: Prof. Brabec Head of division: Dr. Hauch ENERGY STORAGE (ES) Location Garching Scient. director: Prof. Spliethoff Head of division : Dr. Hauer ENERGY EFFICIENCY (EF) Location Würzburg Scient. director: Prof. Dyakonov Head of division : Dr. Ebert H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 6
7 ZAE Bayern Division Energy Storage (ES) ~85 employees ~5.5 m R&D-budget/year ~3,500 m² research facilities Division ES Energy Storage SYS System Engineering Energy concepts Studies & scenarios Flexibility for Electricity and Heat SGT Solar Thermal & Geothermal Solar district heat Geothermal TES Thermal Energy Storage Heat and cold storage materials Lehrstuhl für Technische Elektrochemie Electric Energy Storage Redox-Flow-Batteries Electrolysis Heat Conversion Heat pumps Chillers H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 7 EES HCV
8 Outline 1. ZAE Bayern Short introduction 2. Liquid sorption systems Potential & Challenges 3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples 4. Project MAKSOR E Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions 5. Summary & Outlook H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 8
9 Liquid sorption systems Potential Wide application field Benefits Heating Integration of renewable energies in the energy system Energy storage Cooling Heat driven Increase of overall energy efficiency Drying Use of low temperature heat H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 9
10 Liquid sorption systems Challenge sorbent Research on materials as liquid sorbents in new applications New applications proposed, e.g. thermochemic al district network or energy storage Large quantities of sorption material are needed in this systems Sorbent material costs are crucial for these systems economic efficiency Standard sorbents are economically unviable in this applications Re-evalution of known materials (Costs vs. performance) Research on new materials (e.g. ternary salt solutions) H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 10
11 Liquid sorption systems Challenges Ternary salt solutions as liquid sorbents Potential advantages over binary salt solutions Lower material costs Lower vapour pressure Higher solubility Example for ternary salt solution: Klimat 3930 CaCl 2 + Ca(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O + H 2 O Tested in open sorption system at ZAE Bayern But Performance losses expected Cost saving vs. performance losses Economic optimization for new applications needed H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 11
12 Liquid sorption systems Challenges Ternary salt solutions as liquid sorbents Estimation of performance in sorption systems Mg(NO 3 ) 2 LiNO 3 Material data needed Experimental measurement causes high costs i.a. because of additional parameter (mass ratio) Prediction of relevant data via modelling Modified BET-model Originally used for phase change materials at ZAE Bayern Calculation of essential material data for multicomponent salt solutions E.g. liquidus surfaces and vapour pressures H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 12 H 2 O
13 Liquid sorption systems Challenges Slurries to increase maximum concentration of solution in thermochemical district networks Minimum concentration set by user Concentration difference ( energy density) Maximum concentration limited by crystallization Slurry = temporary solid phase + permanent liquid phase Higher maximum concentration Slurry production and transport in pipes analyzed in ZAE-Project PC_Cools_S Material: K 2 HPO 4 6H 2 O / 30 % solid phase Application: Cooling of buildings H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 13
14 Outline 1. ZAE Bayern Short introduction 2. Liquid sorption systems Potential & Challenges 3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples 4. Project MAKSOR E Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions 5. Summary & Outlook H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 14
15 R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples Demonstrator Würzburg Open sorption system Integrated energy storage Building air-conditioning with dry and cool air Powered by waste heat, solar heat or district heat AU 35 C Ventilationskühllast Energiespeicher bis 250 kwh/m3 Solespeicher LiCl-H2O 32% 42% Frostschutz Bypass Regenerator Absorber Kühler & WRG 22 C Wärmequellen: C Fernwärme BHKW Wärme Solare Wärme Heizung ZU FO Kühler & WRG AB indirekter Verdunstungskühler ZAE Bayern H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 15
16 R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples Demonstrator Würzburg Maximum airflow capacity: 6000 m 3 /h Maximum cooling capacity: 40 kw H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 16
17 R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples Demonstrator Arnstorf Closed sorption system All-season building air-conditioning Single effect: Solar heat driven Double effect: Solar heat in combination with natural gas H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 17
18 R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples Demonstrator Arnstorf Maximum heating capacity: 160 kw Maximum cooling capacity: 90 kw Innovative flexible absorption chiller H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 18
19 Outline 1. ZAE Bayern Short introduction 2. Liquid sorption systems Potential & Challenges 3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples 4. Project MAKSOR E Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions 5. Summary & Outlook H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 19
20 Project MAKSOR E MAKSORE = Materials and components for sorption heat storage with high energy density Aim: 3 different storage concepts (2 x adsorption + 1 x absorption) Increase energy density (compactness!) of storage systems Facilitate integration in existing building stock Duration: 09/ /2018 Partners: H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 20
21 Project MAKSOR E Research topics Materials System Modelling Components LiBr/H 2 O: Consistent formulation of thermodynamic material data Alternative salt solutions as sorption/storage materials Theoretical energy densities for absorption heat/cold storage Absorption and desorption process Experimental plant of an absorption thermal energy storage Investigation of absorption thermal energy storage m PCM /m Lsg,stark / kg/kg T Nutz / C T Antrieb / C H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 21
22 Project MAKSOR E Absorption cold storage Motivation Volumetric energy density of material / kwh/m Crystallisation of solution Sensible Latent Absorption Water Water/Ice LiBr/H 2 O 6 C/12 C 6 C/35 C/35 C/92 C H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 22
23 Project MAKSOR E Absorption cold storage Schematic process Technical system Modified process of an absorption chiller Integration of an storage tank Crystallisation to further increase energy density Potential application fields Storage of Industrial waste heat Waste heat of block-type thermal power stations Solar heat ( Seasonal storage) H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 23
24 Project MAKSOR E Planned follow-up project: Absorption cold storage for industrial application Materials LiBr/H 2 O: Measurement of material data for c LiBr 70 % Absorber/ Desorber design Geometry suited for energy storage application Experimental investigation on lab scale Crystallization Laboratory plant Compact absorption cold storage system (5 kw, 40 kwh) Alternative salt solutions (ternary systems!) Experimental testing in MAKSOR E plant Experimental testing in MAKSOR E plant With crystallisation of aqueous salt solution Status Quo: Project outlined Next step: Recruiting of industrial partners (provider or user) H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 24
25 Outline 1. ZAE Bayern Short introduction 2. Liquid sorption systems Potential & Challenges 3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern Examples 4. Project MAKSOR E Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions 5. Summary & Outlook H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 25
26 Summary & Outlook Liquid sorption technology has high potential for application in future energy system Integration of renewable energies (e.g. solar heat) Increase in energy efficiency (e.g. use of waste heat) Absorption process is highly suitable for energy storage High energy densities / compactness Cost efficient energy storage Focus of future research should be on Sorption materials (i.a. multicomponent salt solutions) Compact and cost efficient systems Therefore: R&D activities on liquid sorption systems have to be intensified H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 26
27 Thank you for your attention! Dieter Preßl ZAE Bayern Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research e. V. Division: Energy Storage Walther-Meissner-Str. 6 D Garching Tel.: Fax: dieter.pressl@zae-bayern.de Grant number 03SF0441D H-DisNet Bavarian Center Workshop for Applied / Berlin Energy Research / November e. V. 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 27 All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, and dissemination as well as in the case of industrial property rights.
28 Project MAKSOR E Experimental plant Value Volume of salt solution 0,45 m 3 (c LiBr = 55 %) Cooling capacity Energy stored 5 kw* 80 kwh* * Depending on operating temperatures Experimental plant of an absorption cold storage (before installation of heat insulation) H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 28
29 Liquid sorption systems Challenges Liquid sorption materials Costs Thermodynamic properties Low vapour pressure High Solubility Viscosity Toxicity (i.a. water endangering class) Corrosivity Components & Systems Costs (!) Durability Reliability Compactness H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 ZAE Bayern 29
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