DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HORN ANTENNA AND ITS ARRAYS AT C BAND

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1 Itatioal Joual of lctoics, Commuicatio & Istumtatio giig Rsach ad Dvlopmt (IJCIRD) ISS(P): X; ISS(): Vol. 5, Issu 5, Oct 5, -4 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. DSIG AD AALYSIS OF HOR ATA AD ITS ARRAYS AT C BAD P.MADHURI & M SURDRA KUMAR M.Tch Schola, Dpatmt of C, KLR Collg of giig & Tchology, Palocha, Khammam, Tlagaa, Idia Picipal, KLR Collg of giig & Tchology, Palocha, Khammam, Tlagaa, Idia ABSTRACT Wilss commuicatio is th pim aa fo sach ow a day i th wold. I wilss commuicatio systms Ata is a pim lmt fo both tasmiso ad cptio. Ata is a mai souc of lctomagtic gy. It is a tasduc which covts lctical gy i to lctomagtic gy. At micowav fqucis applicatios, bcaus of th uggdss Ho Atas a pfd, it givs high gai valus. I th pst wok a attmpt has b mad to dg a pyamidal ho ata at c- bad. Th dg was mulatd ug Matlab. Th chaactistics of ho ata a dpdig upo its aptu lgths ad how th ho ata chaactistics lik bam width, d lob lvls, gai a vaid with spct to thi lgths a also studid. Aay ata distibuts its lctomagtic gy i to f spac i difft dictios. Th gai of a gl ata lmt is ot sufficit fo most applicatios. Aays a oft usd to icas th gai, dictivity ad duc th bam width. Ho lia ad plaa aay patts a plottd i th pst wok i both ctagula ad pola foms. Aay ata adiatio patts a xtmly usful i both aibo as wll as goud basd applicatios. KYWORDS: Ho Ata, Aay Atas, Patt Multiplicatio, Wilss Commuicatio ad Rada Systms ITRODUCTIO A Ata is a mtallic dvic with tasmittig ad civig th lctomagtic gals accodig to I stadad dfiitio i f spac. Th ho ata is usd i th tasmiso ad cptio of RF micowav gals, ad th ata is omally usd i couctio with wavguid fds. A ho ata fom of ata that costs of a flad wavguid which is shapd lik a ho ad it has th ffct that it abls a tatio btw th wavguid ad f spac ad it also dicts adio wavs i a bam []. Th impotac of Ho Ata is its povidig high gai. Wh th aptu z of th ho ata ad th tapp of th ho ata is lag it povid high gai ad dictivity [-]. O of th fist ho atas was costuctd i 897 by Idia adio sachs Jag dish Chada Bos i his pioig xpimts with micowavs. I th 93 s th fist xpimtal sach (south woth ad Baow, 936) ad thotical aalys (Baow ad Chu, 939) of hos as atas was do. Th dvlopmt of ada i Wold Wa stimulatd ho sach to dg fd hos fo ada atas. Ho ata has a stadad Rctagula wavguid closd at o d ad th oth d is flad which is i th pyamidal shap as show i figu. Th wavguid is xcitd by a coaxial fd, ad th wavs a tavllig i th wavguid ad adiats fom th aptu d of th ata. Th adiatd wav is aow bam [5]. Maily ho dito@tpc.og

2 P. Madhui & M Suda Kuma ata is kpt at outd. Ths a also usd i satllits []. Typs of Ho Ata Th a difft typs of Ho atas availabl lik pyamidal, sctoal, coical, xpotial ad cougatd Ho atas. Th pyamidal ho ata taks o a ctagula shap th s sctio though th ata is ctagula, as is th d of th ata. It is omally usd with ctagula wavguid. Figu : Ho Ata DSIG FORMULATIO OF HOR ATA Th dg of a Ho Ata at a giv fqucy is giv blow. Fom th figu th stadad Rctagula wav guid havig th width a ad lgth b, at th d of th op dd Rctagula wav guid. Th mouth is flad i a ad b. Figu : Pyamidal Ho Ata with Dimos a 5.5λ () b.75λ () a.5λ (3) b. 5λ (4) ρ ρ 6λ (5) 8 c 3 m / sc c 3 8 m / sc f 5Ghz λ 6cms f 5GHz By ug () to (5) valus th slat lgths ad Aptu lgths a calculatd blow: b L. 57cms λρ (6) 8 Impact Facto (JCC): AAS Ratig:.3

3 Dg ad Aalys of Ho Ata ad its Aays at C Bad 3 a L H. 63cms λρ (7) 8 A λl. 54cms (8) AH 3 λlh. 67cms (9) Th dictivity (i db) of a pyamidal ho, ov isotopic, ca also b appoximatd by, a b D p H λ ( db ).8 log ( L L ) db Th gai of a pyamidal ho, 4π G 95 λ ( a b ) db Radiatio Patt of Ho Ata Fo a giv soat fqucy, th Radiatio patt of Ho ata is giv by[7-8] a X () λ b Y () λ πa λ ( ) π ( ) π πb λ πb λ πa 4 λ () (3) Lia Aays Th Aay Facto (AF) is idpdt of th ata typ assumig all of th lmts a idtical. Thus, isotopic adiatos may b utilizd i th divatio of th aay facto to mplify th algba[6]. Th fild of a isotopic adiato locatd at th oigi may b witt as (assumig polaizatio). I k π 4 (4) dito@tpc.og

4 4 P. Madhui & M Suda Kuma Impact Facto (JCC): AAS Ratig:.3 W assum that th lmts of th aay a uifomly spacd with a spaatio distac d. Figu 3: -lmt Lia Aay I th fa fild of th aay, ) ( : 3 d d d Th fa filds of th idividual aay lmts a ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] π π π π ) ( ) ( 3 ) ( 4 : d k d k d k k I I I I Th ovall aay fa fild is foud ug suppotio ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] [ ] ( ) ( ) AF AF

5 Dg ad Aalys of Ho Ata ad its Aays at C Bad 5 Fom th abov, Th omalizd uifomly Lia Aay Facto is giv by, AF ψ ψ (5) H umb of lmt; ψ βd α; dspacig btw th lmts; β wav umb. Plaa Aays Plaa aay povid dictioal bams, symmtical patts with low d lobs, much high dictivity (aow mai bam) tha that of thi idividual lmt. I picipl, thy ca poit th mai bam towad ay dictio [4]. Figu 4: Rctagula Plaa Aay Th Aay Facto of a lia aay of M lmts alog th x-axis is: AF x M m I m ( m)( β ) x x Th, th aay facto of th ti M aay is: AF M I m I m ( m)( ) ( )( y y ) x β β x Th omalizd aay facto is obtaid as: AF (, ) ψ ψ x y M M ψ x ψ y (6) dito@tpc.og

6 6 P. Madhui & M Suda Kuma Th mao lob (picipal maximum) ad gatig lobs of th tms: S xm M ψ x M ψ x y ψ y ψ y Patt Multiplicatio Giv a ata aay of idtical lmts, th adiatio patt of th ata aay may b foud accodig to th patt multiplicatio thom []. Patt Multiplicatio Thom: Total fild patt lmt Patt * Aay Facto (9) kψ (, ) Total Patt: f (, ) w f (, ) ψ ( ) x y z, f kψ (, ) (, ) f (, ) i w () Th abov quatio is th Patt multiplicatio. Wh i (, ) f - lmt facto kψ (, ) w - Aay Facto Th adiatio patt of a ho aay ata is divd fom th abov patt multiplicatio. RSULTS TH Ho ata fild patt aay facto () Th sults a obtaid by ug th quatios to 9 at th soat fqucy. Th ho ata width ad lgth a calculatd ad obtaid th valus a.5 λ, b.5 λ.th adiatio patts a obtaid i H-pla ug quatio 3. Th sults a pstd fom figus 7 to 8 i both pola ad ctagula fom. Th ho aays i both lia ug quatio 5 ad plaa aay quatio 7, 8 systms a also dgd by ug th patt multiplicatio picipl quatio 9,.Th sults a pstd fom figus 9 to 8. Th adiatio patts a daw fo 5,,,4,8. Ths a compad with th isotopic adiatos ad comig with good agmt Impact Facto (JCC): AAS Ratig:.3

7 Dg ad Aalys of Ho Ata ad its Aays at C Bad 7 i both lia ad plaa aay systm. Ths a usful i wilss commuicatio ad Rada systms Figu 5: Pola Plot of Pyamidal i H-pla Ho Ata i d B y Figu 6: Rctagula Plot of Pyamidal i H-pla Ho Ata Figu 7: Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Pola fom fo 5 lmts i db Figu 8: Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Rctagula fom fo 5 lmts dito@tpc.og

8 8 P. Madhui & M Suda Kuma with ho aay - - -without ho aay Figu 9: Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Pola fom fo lmts i db Figu : Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Rctagula fom fo lmts Figu : Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Pola fom fo lmts Impact Facto (JCC): AAS Ratig:.3

9 Dg ad Aalys of Ho Ata ad its Aays at C Bad i db Figu : Radiatio patt of Ho Lia Aay i Rctagula fom fo lmts Figu 3: Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Pola fom fo 4 lmts i db Figu 4: Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Rctagula fom fo 4 lmts Figu 5: Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Pola fom fo 8 lmts dito@tpc.og

10 P. Madhui & M Suda Kuma i db Figu 6: Radiatio Patt of Ho Lia Aay i Rctagula fom fo 8 lmts Figu 7: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Pola fom fo M5 lmts - - i db Figu 8: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Rctagula fom fo M5 lmts Figu 9: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Pola fom fo M lmts Impact Facto (JCC): AAS Ratig:.3

11 Dg ad Aalys of Ho Ata ad its Aays at C Bad - - i db Figu : Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Rctagula fom fo M lmts Figu : Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Pola fom fo M lmts - - i db Figu: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Rctagula fom fo M lmts Figu3: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Pola fom fo M4 lmts dito@tpc.og

12 P. Madhui & M Suda Kuma - - i db Figu 4: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Rctagula fom fo M4 lmts Figu 5: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Pola fom fo M8 lmts - - i db -3-4 COCLUSIOS Figu 6: Radiatio Patt of Ho Plaa Aay i Rctagula fom fo M8 lmts Ho Atas a usd i high fqucis. I this pap, th dg ad aalys of ho ata i optimum fqucy 5GHz has b dscibd.ho ata oft has a dictioal adiatio patt, with a high ata gai which ca ag up to 5dB. Th dictivity, gai a high ad low vsw. Th width of th aptu i th & H filds ad slat lgths of th aptu i th & H filds a discussd h.th adiatio patts of pyamidal ho atas a plottd at a 5.5 λ, b.75λ, a.5λ ad.5λ b. Th umb of d lobs is idtifid fom th sults. Th bam width is ducd wh th lgth of ata icasd ad obsvd. Th aay fild patts of both Impact Facto (JCC): AAS Ratig:.3

13 Dg ad Aalys of Ho Ata ad its Aays at C Bad 3 lia ad plaa aay a plottd ad thi sults a pstd i abov figus. Ug patt multiplicatio th ho lia aay ad ho plaa aay adiatio patts a also daw fo difft valus of ad M lmts. It is obsvd that th fist d lob lvl is - db. Th mai bam width ducd wh th umbs of lmts a icasd. Ths a usful i micowav applicatios. RFRCS. Ata Thoy (3d ditio), by C. Balais, Wily, 5, ISB X;. Balais, Costati. "Ata Thoy: A Rviw", Pocdigs of th I, vol. 8, Jauay WA Ata Histoy. Athu M.Kay, scad by Ala Coss wll Boadbad Plaa Atas: Dg ad Applicatios, Zhi ig Ch ad M. Y. W. Chia, Joh Wily & Sos i Fbuay 6 5. Ata thoy ( d ditio), Costati A. Balais, Wily, Phasd aay ata hadbook, Robt J. Mailloux, Atch Hous, C.W. Hoto, O th Thoy of th Radiatio patts of lctomagtic Hos of Modat Fla Agls, Poc.IR,37(949) 8. W. C. Jaks, J., Ho Atas, Ata giig Hadbook, d. H. Jak (w Yok: McGaw-Hill Book Co., Ic., 96) 9. lctomagtic Ho Atas, d. A. W. Lov (w Yok: I Pss, 976). Atas ad Wav popagatio by G.S. Rau. APPDICS Authos Bio- Data Ms. P. Madhui: Rcivd h B. Tch fom JTU-Hydabad with Distictio, Pstly pusuig M. Tch, fom KLR Collg of giig ad Tchology-Palocha affiliatd to Jtu-Hydabad. D. M. Suda Kuma: Rcivd his B.Tch fom agaua Uivty ad M. Tch, Ph.D fom Adha dito@tpc.og

14 4 P. Madhui & M Suda Kuma Uivty. H has 8 yas of tachig xpic. H publishd 3 tchical paps i atioal ad Itatioal cofcs ad ouals. His filds of itst a Atas ad wav popagatio, Micowav giig ad Rada giig. Pstly h is wokig as a Picipal i K L R Collg of giig & Tchology- Palocha, Khammam -Dist, Tlagaa. Impact Facto (JCC): AAS Ratig:.3