CMF Signal Processing Method Based on Feedback Corrected ANF and Hilbert Transformation
|
|
- Nelson Malone
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 .478/ms-4-7 MESUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volum 4, No., 4 CMF Sigal Pocssig Mthod Basd o Fdbac Coctd NF ad Hilbt Tasfomatio Yaqig Tu, Huiyu Yag, Haitao Zhag, Xiagyu Liu Logistical Egiig Uivsity, Chogqig 43, P.R.C addss:yq.tu@63.com; huiyu_yag@63.com I this pap, w focus o CMF sigal pocssig ad aim to solv th poblms of pcisio shap-dcli occuc wh usig adaptiv otch filts (NFs) fo tacig th sigal fqucy fo a log tim ad phas diffc calculatio dpdig o fqucy by th slidig Gotzl algoithm (SG) o th cusiv DTFT algoithm with gativ fqucy cotibutio. ovl mthod is poposd basd o fdbac coctd NF ad Hilbt tasfomatio. W dsig a idx to valuat whth th NF loss th sigal fqucy o ot, accodig to th colatio btw th output ad iput sigals. If th sigal fqucy is lost, th NF paamts will b adjustd duly. t th sam tim, sigula valu dcompositio (SVD) algoithm is itoducd to duc ois. d th, phas diffc btw th two sigals is dtctd though tigoomty ad Hilbt tasfomatio. With th fqucy ad phas diffc obtaid, tim itval of th two sigals is calculatd. ccodigly, th mass flow at is divd. Simulatio ad xpimtal sults show that th poposd mthod always psvs a costat high pcisio of fqucy tacig ad a btt pfomac of phas diffc masumt compad with th SG o th cusiv DTFT algoithm with gativ fqucy cotibutio. Kywods: Coiolis mass flow mt, adaptiv otch filt, Hilbt tasfom, fqucy tac, phas diffc.. INTRODUCTION URING THE last dcads, itst i Coiolis mass D flow mts (CMFs) has b icasig stadily. aso is that CMFs dictly masu th mass flow, whas oth istumts masu volumtic flow []. High pcisio, wid tolac of masuabl fluids ad multi-paamt masumt also justify thi fast gowth ad accptac i idusty. Mass flow at is obtaid i CMF by masuig th tim itval, which is dpdt o th fqucy ad th phas diffc btw two vibatio sigals dtctd by lctomagtic ssos. Thfo, th pcis masumts of th sigal fqucy ad th phas diffc a th cos of CMF sigal pocssig. Taditioal aalogu mthods fo CMF sigal pocssig a of poo itfc sistac ad masud sults a phas diffcs of sultat wavs []. Vaious digital mthods hav b ctly itoducd ito CMF so as to impov th pcisio [3]. Romao [4] itoducd th disct Foui tasfom (DFT) ito CMF sigal pocssig fo th fist tim i 99. Th sigal fqucy was calculatd by DFT, ad th phas diffc was obtaid by subtactig two DFT phass at th maximum spctal li. This mthod is of good sistac to hamoic itfc but calls fo a ufasibl tchiqu of itgal piod samplig which limits its pacticality. Fma ad shvillc [5] adoptd digital phas-locd loop (PLL) to tac th vibatig fqucy of flow tubs. Dis [6] pstd a mthod fo CMF sigal pocssig basd o othogoal dmodulatio. Howv, pcisio of th mthod dpdd o th pfomac of low-pass filts. slidig Gotzl algoithm (SG) was itoducd to masu th phas diffc btw CMF sigals. Th SG gats phas diffc cotiuously, but th is a slow covgc at ad a umical ovflow. What is mo, th SG ds fqucy wh th phas diffc is calculatd. I [8], a mthod was poposd fo CMF sigal pocssig basd o cusiv DTFT algoithm with gativ fqucy cotibutio. Wh th Foui cofficits a calculatd, th mthod acclats th covgc at ad impovs th accuacy gatly. But th sigal fqucy is also dd. I [9], adaptiv otch filt (NF) was itoducd to CMF sigal fqucy tacig. Th NF s stuctual paamts w adjustd automatically accodig to sigal chaactistics ad th vibatig fqucy of flow tubs is gatd cotiually. Thas to th fqucy tacig ability ad good sistac to ois, th NF has gaid a lot of atttio ctly. lattic NF (LNF) was bought i CMF sigal pocssig i []. [] ad [] itoducd a ovl IIR-typ NF volvd fom th Stiglitz-McBid mthod (SMM-NF) [3] fo CMF sigal fqucy tacig. Th ovl NF has ubiasd thoy sults, high pcisio ad fast covgc at compad with LNF. Howv, ths NFs icludig th ovl NF caot supply costatly high-accuacy sults. It has limitd thi applicatios i CMF sigal pocssig. To impov th pcisio of CMFs, a w mthod is poposd i this pap basd o fdbac coctd NF ad Hilbt tasfomatio [4]. Th mthod is xpctd to supply costatly high-accuacy sults ad limiat th dpdc o fqucy wh calculatig phas diffc. This pap is ogaizd ito six sctios. Sctio itoducs th poposd mthod pocss. I Sctio 3, a fdbac coctd NF is poposd fo fqucy stimatio. Sctio 4 psts a phas diffc masumt mthod basd o th Hilbt tasfomatio. Th poposd mthod fo sigal fqucy stimatio ad phas diffc masumt is validatd by simulatios ad xpimts i Sctio 5 ad Sctio 6, spctivly. Coclusios a daw i th last sctio. 4
2 MESUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volum 4, No., 4. METHOD PROCESS Pocss of th poposd mthod is xpoudd i Fig.., fom which w ca s that th fqucy stimatio ad th phas diffc masumt a caid out i paalll, diffig fom th xistig mthods. O th o had, SVD algoithm is fistly usd to duc th ois cotaid i CMF sigals. d th phas diffc is calculatd by tigoomty opatio btw th oisducd sigals ad thos aft th Hilbt tasfomatio. O th oth had, sigal fqucy is stimatd cotiually by th fdbac coctd SMM-basd NF. Th, tim itval of th two sigals is figud out as th fqucy ad th phas diffc is obtaid. ccodigly, th mass flow at is divd. Fig.. Th sigal pocssig flow chat. 3. FREQUENCY ESTIMTION BSED ON FEEDBCK CORRECTED NF statgy of fdbac coctio fo NF is poposd so as to impov th stability of its accuacy. ccodig to th colativity btw th output ad iput sigals, w dsig a idx fo al-tim valuatio of th fqucy stimatio pcisio. If th idx ovus its limit, NF paamts will b adjustd adhig to th fdbac. Th SMM-NF is ta as a xamiatio fo th fasibility of th poposd statgy.. Th SMM-NF Stuctu of th NF basd o Stiglitz-McBid mthod is show i Fig., ad its tasf fuctio is giv by: ˆ ( ) ˆ z + α z + z H ( z) = = ˆ () ( ρ ) m z = + ρ ˆ α z + ρ z t covgt stag, th pol cotactio facto coms to o ad th badwidth appoximatly quals to zo (). Howv, du to th NF iht stuctu, th is a icomplt covgc stag spcially wh th sigal fqucy is vy low o vy high (clos to Nyquist fqucy). t this stag, th NF s o-quadatic o sts o a local miimum, ad th th sigal fqucy will b lost soo. y( ) z ˆ ( ) ρ z ˆ ( ) ρ z g( ) h( ) ˆ ( z ) z ρ + ( ) s ˆ ˆ ( ρ z ) ( z ) z Fig.. Stuctu of th SMM-NF Wh m is th tap umb, amly th si wav umb i y( ) ; ρ is pol cotactio facto dtmiig th tap badwidth is usd to duc th colatio btw th ois i y ad y( ),. ˆ α is adaptiv adjustd though th Nwto-typ algoithm, ˆ α ( ) cos ˆ = ω, ˆ ω ( ) is otch fqucy cospodig to th siusoidal fqucy. -od NF with a sigl tap is usd i ou study as th CMF sigals hav oly o xpctat siusoidal. Th NF badwidth is oft iitializd with a big valu ad th dcass stp by stp so as to acqui th sigal fqucy. B. ssssmt of fqucy stimatio accuacy Th ois-ducd sigal cˆ( ) show i Fig.3. is obtaid by th output s( ) ad th iput y( ), xpssd as ( ρ ) ˆ α( ) z + ( ρ ) z cˆ( ) = y( ) + ραˆ ( ) z + ρ z Thas to th idpdc of ois o y( ), th sigalcˆ( ) appoximats to c( ) wh th NF wos wll. Othwis, th sigal cˆ( ) appoximats to ( ). Cosqutly, idx h is dsigd to valuat th accuacy of th NF. Th idx is calculatd oli i al tim by th -od LMS, as follows: (3) ρ( t) BW = cos + ρ ( t) () ε = cˆ h y h = h( ) + µ hε y (4) 4
3 MESUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volum 4, No., 4 wh, µ h is th stp siz, ad h is th solutio of Wi- Hopf quatio o th covgc coditio. { ( ) } { ( ) ˆ ( ) } h E y = E y c (5) E{ c( ) ( )} quals to zo as th sigal c is ulatd to ois ( ). Th, th (5) ca b witt: ( { ( )} { ( )]}) { ( ) ˆ( )} { ( )} { ˆ( )} h E c + E = E c c + E E c With { ( )}, σ ad as: E, E{ ( )} ad { ( )} y( t ) (6) E c qual to /, spctivly, th idx h ca b divd h( t) { ( ) ˆ( )} E c c h= / + σ ε( t ) cˆ( t ) ε( t ) Fig.3. Stuctu of th fdbac modifid SMM-NF. Th a two possibl situatios fo th idx h with ith good o bad pfomac of th NF. If th NF wos wll, cˆ( ) appoximats to c( ) ad th, th idx h= / ( + σ ). If th NF loss th sigal fqucy, th is o colatio btw cˆ ad c( ). Thfo, th xpctd valu E{ c( ) cˆ ( )} idx h coms to zo cosqutly. C. Fdbac coctio statgy (7) ca appoximat to zo, ad th, th compaativ paamt T h is iitializd with small valu so as to judg whth th NF loss th sigal fqucy o ot. If h is gat tha T h, w hav othig to do. Othwis, th NF s paamts will b adjustd accodig to a adom sach mthod, ath tha simply iitializatio, which will lad to aoth covgc pocss. Th coctio statgy of th two y paamtsλ adρ of th SMM- NF is giv by λ = λ + δλ, < δλ < λ λ() ρ = λ + δρ, < ρλ < ρ ρ() whλ adρ dot th fial valu ofλ adρ, spctivly, δλ adδ ρ a th stp siz. (8) 4. PHSE DIFFERENCE MESUREMENT BSED ON HILBERT TRNSFORMTION phas diffc masumt mthod basd o th Hilbt tasfomatio is poposd i this sctio, xpctig to limiat th dpdc o sigal fqucy. Th sigula valu dcompositio (SVD) algoithm is fistly usd to duc th oiss i CMF sigal. Th, th phas diffc is calculatd usig th ± π / phas-shift popty of th Hilbt tasfomatio.. SVD-basd ois ductio Th is a m -od othogoal matix U calld th lft sigula valu vcto ad a -od othogoal matix V calld th ight sigula valu vcto. Th two matics satisfy th quatio that = U T V.Wh, is th Ha matix composd of sigal x( t ), spcifid i (3) is a M N o-gativ diagoal matix withσ σ L σ N o its diagoal positios. σ i ( i N) a th sigula valus pstig th gy of matix. Nois-ducd sigal ca b costuctd by svig th fo sigula valus which cospod to sigal pow ad sttig th oths zo which dfi th ois compots. x() x( )... x( ) x( ) x( 3 )... x( + ) = M M M M x( N m+ ) x( N m+ )... x( N ) Th a is th y fo th bst spaatio of th sigal ad oiss. To choos a optimal a, sigula topy is dfid as E (9) E () i= = wh Ei is th sigula topy icmt at th a i, computd by / l / m Ei = i i i = ( σ ) σ σ () Th sigula topy E, which flcts th ifomatio cotaid i th sigal, icass apidly wh th a is low. Th icas of E dops off with th is of a, as th sigal compot cotibutio aivs at th maximum. Th, th a i ca guaat a good doisig pfomac. Th SVD-basd ois ductio algoithm is simpl i picipl, asy to implmt, but oly usful to statioay sigals. Thfo, a slidig ctagula widow is adoptd to cut th CMF sigal ito stady ovlap sgmts. 43
4 MESUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volum 4, No., 4 B. Phas diffc calculatio Hilbt tasfomatio joys a ± π / phas-shift popty. Hby, th phas diffc fuctio ca b divd by th tigoomtic opato btw th CMF sigal ad its Hilbt tasfomatio. CMF sigals dtctd by lctomagtic ssos ca b dscibd by y = si( ω + ϕ ) + σ y = si( ω + ϕ ) + σ () wh, is th amplitud, ϕ adϕ a iitial phass; ω is th sigula fqucy, ω = π f / fs. Ou goal is to valuat th phas diffc ϕ, ϕ = ϕ ϕ. Th Hilbt tasfomatios of th two CMF sigals a giv by yˆ = cos( ω + ϕ ) + σ 3 yˆ = cos( ω + ϕ ) + σ 4 Th phas diffc ϕ ca b divd: yˆ y yˆ y ac ta ϕ = y ˆ ˆ y + y y (3) (4) Th, phas diffc is masud at vy samplig poit i tim gio, dspit th sigal fqucy [4]. 5. SIMULTION RESULTS Comput simulatios ad actual xpimts hav b do to valuat th poposd mthod. Thi sults a pstd i th followig sctios, spctivly.. Simulatd sigals Th CMF sigal paamts vay fom tim to tim du to th ffct of fluid poptis, flow pulsatio, tc. timvayig sigal modl, i which th sigal fqucy, amplitud, ad phas vay ov tim basd o th adom wal modl, was pstd i [5] so as to mo closly dscib th CMF sigals. Howv, this modl faild to dscib th sigals i spcial coditios such as pulsatig flows. Hby, th tim-vayig sigal modl basd o adom wal is amdd, as follows: y = si[ ω + φ] + σ (5) = ( ) + δ σ (6) ω = ω( ) + δ σ (7) ω ω ω φ = φ( ) + δ σ (8) φ φ φ wh, ( ), ( ), ω, ad φ a whit oiss, with o colatio btw ach oth. σ, σ, σ ω ad σφ a th wal amplificatios, whil δ, δω adδ φ a wal factos followig - distibutio with th pobabilitis P, P ω ad P ϕ spctivly. Th pobabilitis a dtmid by th flow chaact ad viomt. Tabl. Iitializatios of simulatio paamts. Nam Iitial valu Nam Iitial valu mplitud () = mv Pobabilitis P = P = P =.5 Fqucy f = 98 Hz σ =, Stp siz.6 Sampl fqucy 3 =, σ ω 6 σ ω =, σ ϕ ϕ f = Hz s = 3 Fqucy [Hz] mplitud [mv] (a) (c) 98.4 Vayig fqucy Iitial fqucy mplitud X( jω ) 3 Phas diffc [ad] (b) Fqucy [Hz] (d) 6 Vayig phas diffc 4 Iitial phas diffc - Fig.4. Simulatd sigals Hz
5 MESUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volum 4, No., 4 Wh th pobabilitis appoximatly qual to zo, th amdd tim-vayig sigal modl dgats to th siusoidal with supposd whit ois, dscibig th CMF sigal ud th cicumstac of stady flow. Wh th pobabilitis com to o, it is th oigial tim-vayig modl, dscibig th CMF sigal ud th cicumstac of gal fluctuat flow. Th CMF sigals ud th cicumstac of mutatio flow ca also b dscibd by ducig th pobabilitis ad icasig th wal amplificatio. Sigals usd i simulatios a gatd accodig to th tim-vayig sigal modl amdd abov. Paamts of th sigal modl a iitializd as Tabl. Fig.4. shows th simulatd sigal, th fqucy spctum, th vayig fqucy ad th vayig phas diffc. B. Fqucy stimatio sults Th sigal fqucy is stimatd by th fdbac coctd SMM-NF, whil th lattic NF ad th oigial SMM-NF a usd as cotol xpimts. Th sults a show i Fig.5. It ca b cocludd fom th sults that th fdbac coctd SMM-NF covgs fast tha th LNF, slightly slow tha th oigial SMM-NF. Th fdbac coctd SMM-NF has a high pcisio compad with th LNF ad th oigial SMM-NF, spcially wh thy wo fo a log tim. Th aso is that th fdbac coctd SMM-NF utilizs a dsigd idx fo obsvig th accuacy cotiuously ad adjusts its ow o-ffctiv paamts duly. Fqucy [Hz] ctual fqucy LNF SMM-NF Fdbac adjustmt SMM-NF Fig.5. Pfomacs of fqucy tacig. To dscib th pcisio advatag of th fdbac coctd SMM-NF i dtail, Mot Calo simulatios hav b do fo tims idpdtly ad th ma squa os (MSEs) w calculatd by MSE = N ˆ N - m f(i)- f(i) (9) i=m wh f(i) ad ˆf(i) a th actual fqucy ad th stimatd fqucy, spctivly. m is th bgiig of th computig sigal, whil N is th d. Th stimatd fqucy i th covgc pocss has ot b compad i this sach so as to guaat th justic. m quals to 4,, ad N is 4,, th lgth of th simulatd sigal. Fig.6. shows th MSEs of fqucy stimatio. Fom Fig.6., it ca b s that th MSEs of th fdbac coctd SMM-NF a th stadist ad th lowst, compad with th LNF ad th SMM-NF. Th MSEs ma of th fdbac coctd SMM-NF is.6 % of th LNF,.58 % of th oigial SMM-NF. MSE [Hz ] x -3 LNF SMM-NF Fdbac adjustmt SMM-NF Simulatio tims Fig.6. MSEs of fqucy stimatio. C. Phas diffc masumt sults Th poptis of th poposd phas diffc masumt mthod a aalyzd with th SG ad th cusiv DTFT algoithm with gativ fqucy cotibutio (th algoithm i [8] fo shot) as compaisos. Th phas diffc masumt sults a pstd i Fig.7. Phas diffc [ad] x ctual phas diffc SG lgoithm i [8] Hilbt tasfom basd mthod Fig.7. Pfomac of phas diffc masumt. It ca b s fom Fig.7. that th poposd mthod basd o th Hilbt tasfomatio has o covgc pocss ad outputs th sults fom th bgiig, whil th SG ad th algoithm i [8] d a tim to covg. Th aso of this phomo is that th poposd mthod ds o itatios ad calculats th phas diffc though th tigoomty opato btw th oigial CMF sigals ad thos aft thi Hilbt tasfomatios, vy difft fom th SG ad th algoithm i [8] dpdig o DFT itativ calculatio. Obsvig th local sults of phas diffc masumt, w ca also s that th SG has a tim dlay ad caot flct th dtails. This is du to th quimt fo a log slidig widow i th SG (4 poits i th xpimt with 35 poits ovlappd). With th gativ fqucy cotibutio big cosidd, th 45
6 MESUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volum 4, No., 4 algoithm i [8] ca dtct a small phas diffc chag with a vy shot widow (8 poits i this xpimt with 7 poits ovlappd). Th ability of dyamic phas diffc masumt is also sigificatly impovd. s fo th poposd mthod basd o th Hilbt tasfomatio, th phas diffc is dictly calculatd by th CMF sigals ad thos aft thi Hilbt tasfomatio, with o DFT. ccodigly, th a o subsctios ad o itatio opatios i th poposd mthod. Thfo, th dyamic masuig pfomac is futh impovd. 6. EXPERIMENTL RESULTS ND DISCUSSION. Expimtal systm s show i Fig.8., th xpimtal systm fo CMF sigal pocssig cosists of two CMFs (FS with a 7R tasmitt, ad TQ-884 with a ERE tasmitt), a PLC usd to chag flow, a pump, a batch ta ad a sigal acquisitio subsystm. Th sigal acquisitio subsystm cosists of two data acquisitio dvics (NI 934 ad USB47), a lctic scal (FS398-), ad a comput. Supply ta Bloc Valu Pump Batch ta FLOW Scal Bloc Valu CMF(FS) CMF(TQ-884) Flow Cotol 7R USB47 NI USB934 CMF Sigals Flow at ERE Fig.8. Bloc of th xpimtal systm. PLC Flow at is cotolld by comput though th PLC ad a cotol valv. CMF oscillatio sigals a acquid by th 4- chal dyamic sigal acquisitio NI 934. Istataous mass flow at masud by th CMFs is collctd by th USB47. Mass flow masud by th scal is dmd as th actual valu. Th tst of th poposd sigal pocssig mthod is caid out by th comput. Th oscillatio sigals usd i th xpimts com fom th FS CMF with its high pcisio ad stabl pfomac compad with th TQ-884 CMF. B. Rsults ccodig to CMF s picipl, th is a lia latioship btw th mass flow at q m ad th tim itval t, that is qm = t+ b () Wh, th paamt b is costat. Th tim itval t dpds o th fqucy ad th phas diffc. Th cofficit is dcidd by th CMF typ, tmpatu, pssu ad so o, but is fixd at th sam situatio. Fo th FS CMF, w w ifomd of = ad b=.47 fom th maufactus. Display valus of FS CMF a dmd as actual mass flow. Th SG ad th algoithm i [8] a ta as compaisos. s w ow, th SG ad th algoithm i [8] d sigal fqucy to coclud th phas diffc. To guaat th justic, fqucy stimatd by th fdbac coctd SMM-NF is usd idtically. Sigals at i ids of stady flow a collctd ad pocssd. Mass flow is computd ad show i Tabl. It ca b s that th sults cocludd by th th mthods ag with ach oth. Th poposd mthod ows th highst pcisio, whos lativ o is blow.5 %. Th, w com to th coclusio that th poposd mthod is ffctiv ad pactical. Tabl. Expimtal sults. Mass flow (g/mi) Estimatd fqucy(hz) SG (g/mi) lgoithm i[8] (g/mi) Th poposd mthod (g/mi) CONCLUSION Th co of CMF sigal pocssig is th fqucy stimatio ad th phas diffc masumt. Howv, th is a dpdc o fqucy wh th SG o th algoithm i [8] is usd to calculat th phas diffc. It is a quimt that th sigal fqucy is timly tacd with a high-pcisio, du to its timvayig chaact. comphsiv ovl mthod fo CMF sigal pocssig is poposd basd o th fdbac coctd SMM-NF ad th Hilbt tasfomatio. Simulatio ad xpimtal sults validat th poposd mthod ad idicat som of its advatags, icludig: 46
7 MESUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volum 4, No., 4 Th poposd mthod cais out fqucy tacig ad phas diffc masumt idpdtly. W ca obtai th fqucy ad th phas diffc at th sam tim. Thus, th ability of al-tim masumt is impovd accodigly. Fo fqucy tacig, th pstd fdbac coctd SMM-NF joys a costatly high accuacy, whil oths udgo a shap dcli i accuacy wh woig fo a log tim. Th MSE s ma of th fdbac coctd SMM-NF is.6 % of th LNF,.58 % of th oigial SMM-NF. What is mo, th statgy of th fdbac coctio is also applicabl fo oth NFs. Fo phas diffc masumt, th pstd mthod basd o th Hilbt tasfomatio calculats th sults dictly, with o itativ opatio ad o covgc stag, ad pfoms btt i accuacy, compad with th SG ad th algoithm i [8]. To impov th pcisio ad shot th calculatio tim of th CMF sigal pocssig, this pap suggsts cayig out th fqucy tacig ad th phas diffc masumt idpdtly. Th ida has plimiaily b validatd by th mthods poposd i Sctio 3 ad Sctio 4, ad futh sach is ud discussio. CKNOWLEDGMENT This wo is suppotd by Natioal Natual Scic Foudatio of Chia (67449, 6375), ad Natual Scic Foudatio of Chogqig, Chia (CSTC, B5, cstc3jcyj43). REFERENCES [] Shamugavalli, M., Umapathy, M., Uma, G. (). Smat Coiolis mass flowmt. Masumt, 43 (4), [] Matt, Ch. (). Mthod fo dtmiig th mass flow though a coiolis mass flowmt. Uitd Stats Patt [3] Kitami, H., Shimada, H. (). Sigal pocssig mthod, sigal pocssig appaatus, ad coiolis flowmt. Uitd Stats Patt [4] Romao, P. (99). Coiolis mass flow at mt havig a substatially icasd ois immuity. Uitd Stats Patt [5] Fma, B.S. (998). Digital phas locd loop sigal pocssig fo coiolis mass flow mt. Uitd Stats Patt [6] Hot, D. (). Multi-at digital sigal pocsso fo vibatig coduit sso sigals. WIPO Patt 83. [7] Xu, K.-J., Xu, W.-F. (7). sigal pocssig mthod basd o FF ad SG fo coiolis mass flowmts. cta Mtologica Siica, 8 (), [8] Tu, Y., Zhag, H. (8). Mthod fo CMF sigal pocssig basd o th cusiv DTFT algoithm with gativ fqucy cotibutio. IEEE Tasactios o Istumtatio ad Masumt, 57 (), [9] Bos, T, Dby, H.V., Raja, S. (996). Mthod ad appaatus fo adaptiv li hacmt i Coiolis mass flow mt masumt. Uitd Stats Patt [] Xu, K.-J., Ni, W. (5). lattic otch filt basd sigal pocssig mthod fo coiolis mass flowmt. cta Mtologica Siica, 6 (), [] Tu, Y.-Q., Su, F.-H., Sh, T.-., Zhag, H.-T. (). Nw adaptiv otch filt basd a timvayig fqucy tacig mthod ad simulatio fo coiolis mass flowmt. Joual of Chogqig Uivsity, 34 (), [] Yag, H., Tu, Y., Zhag, H. (). fqucy tacig mthod basd o impovd adaptiv otch filt fo coiolis mass flowmt. pplid Mchaics ad Matials, 8-9, [3] Chg, M.-H., Tsai, J.-L. (6). w IIR adaptiv otch filt. Sigal Pocssig, 86 (7), [4] Vucija, N.M., Saaovac, L.V. (). simpl algoithm fo th stimatio of phas diffc btw two siusoidal voltags. IEEE Tasactios o Istumtatio ad Masumt, 59 (), [5] Li, Y., Xu, K., Zhu, Z., Hou, Q. (). Study ad implmtatio of pocssig mthod fo timvayig sigal of oiolis mass flowmt. Chis Joual of Scitific Istumt,, 8-4. Rcivd pil 6, 3. ccptd Fbuay 6, 4. 47
ELEC9721: Digital Signal Processing Theory and Applications
ELEC97: Digital Sigal Pocssig Thoy ad Applicatios Tutoial ad solutios Not: som of th solutios may hav som typos. Q a Show that oth digital filts giv low hav th sam magitud spos: i [] [ ] m m i i i x c
More informationENGG 1203 Tutorial. Difference Equations. Find the Pole(s) Finding Equations and Poles
ENGG 03 Tutoial Systms ad Cotol 9 Apil Laig Obctivs Z tasfom Complx pols Fdbac cotol systms Ac: MIT OCW 60, 6003 Diffc Equatios Cosid th systm pstd by th followig diffc quatio y[ ] x[ ] (5y[ ] 3y[ ]) wh
More informationBayesian Estimations on the Burr Type XII Distribution Using Grouped and Un-grouped Data
Austalia Joual of Basic ad Applid Scics, 5(6: 525-53, 20 ISSN 99-878 Baysia Estimatios o th Bu Typ XII Distibutio Usig Goupd ad U-goupd Data Ima Mahdoom ad Amollah Jafai Statistics Dpatmt, Uivsity of Payam
More informationGalaxy Photometry. Recalling the relationship between flux and luminosity, Flux = brightness becomes
Galaxy Photomty Fo galaxis, w masu a sufac flux, that is, th couts i ach pixl. Though calibatio, this is covtd to flux dsity i Jaskys ( Jy -6 W/m/Hz). Fo a galaxy at som distac, d, a pixl of sid D subtds
More informationand integrated over all, the result is f ( 0) ] //Fourier transform ] //inverse Fourier transform
NANO 70-Nots Chapt -Diactd bams Dlta uctio W d som mathmatical tools to dvlop a physical thoy o lcto diactio. Idal cystals a iiit this, so th will b som iiitis lii about. Usually, th iiit quatity oly ists
More informationToday s topic 2 = Setting up the Hydrogen Atom problem. Schematic of Hydrogen Atom
Today s topic Sttig up th Hydog Ato pobl Hydog ato pobl & Agula Motu Objctiv: to solv Schödig quatio. st Stp: to dfi th pottial fuctio Schatic of Hydog Ato Coulob s aw - Z 4ε 4ε fo H ato Nuclus Z What
More informationPotential Energy of the Electron in a Hydrogen Atom and a Model of a Virtual Particle Pair Constituting the Vacuum
Applid Physics Rsach; Vol 1, No 4; 18 ISSN 1916-9639 -ISSN 1916-9647 Publishd by Caadia Ct of Scic ad ducatio Pottial gy of th lcto i a Hydog Atom ad a Modl of a Vitual Paticl Pai Costitutig th Vacuum
More informationInstrumentation for Characterization of Nanomaterials (v11) 11. Crystal Potential
Istumtatio o Chaactizatio o Naomatials (v). Cystal Pottial Dlta uctio W d som mathmatical tools to dvlop a physical thoy o lcto diactio om cystal. Idal cystals a iiit this, so th will b som iiitis lii
More informationTemperature Distribution Control of Reactor Furnace by State Space Method using FEM Modeling
Mmois of th Faculty of Egiig, Okayama ivsity, Vol. 4, pp. 79-90, Jauay 008 Tmpatu Distibutio Cotol of Racto Fuac by Stat Spac Mthod usig FEM Modlig Tadafumi NOTS Divisio of Elctoic ad Ifomatio Systm Egiig
More informationA novel analytic potential function applied to neutral diatomic molecules and charged lons
Vol., No., 84-89 (00 http://dx.doi.o/0.46/s.00.08 Natual Scic A ovl aalytic pottial fuctio applid to utal diatomic molculs ad chad los Cha-F Yu, Cha-Ju Zhu, Cho-Hui Zha, Li-Xu So, Qiu-Pi Wa Dpatmt of physics,
More informationSTATISTICAL PARAMETER ESTIMATION FROM MODAL DATA USING A VARIABLE TRANSFORMATION AND TWO WEIGHTING MATRICES
SAISICAL PARAMEER ESIMAION FROM MODAL DAA USING A VARIABLE RANSFORMAION AND WO WEIGHING MARICES Haddad Khodapaast, H., Mottshad, J. E., Badcock, K. J. ad Mas, C. Dpatt of Egiig, Uivsity of Livpool, Livpool
More informationOn Jackson's Theorem
It. J. Cotm. Math. Scics, Vol. 7, 0, o. 4, 49 54 O Jackso's Thom Ema Sami Bhaya Datmt o Mathmatics, Collg o Educatio Babylo Uivsity, Babil, Iaq mabhaya@yahoo.com Abstact W ov that o a uctio W [, ], 0
More informationCh. 6 Free Electron Fermi Gas
Ch. 6 lcto i Gas Coductio lctos i a tal ov fl without scattig b io cos so it ca b cosidd as if walitactig o f paticls followig idiac statistics. hfo th coductio lctos a fqutl calld as f lcto i gas. Coductio
More informationLow-Frequency Full-Wave Finite Element Modeling Using the LU Recombination Method
33 CES JOURNL, OL. 23, NO. 4, DECEMBER 28 Low-Fqucy Fu-Wav Fiit Elmt Modlig Usig th LU Rcombiatio Mthod H. K ad T. H. Hubig Dpatmt of Elctical ad Comput Egiig Clmso Uivsity Clmso, SC 29634 bstact I this
More informationChapter 11 Solutions ( ) 1. The wavelength of the peak is. 2. The temperature is found with. 3. The power is. 4. a) The power is
Chapt Solutios. Th wavlgth of th pak is pic 3.898 K T 3.898 K 373K 885 This cospods to ifad adiatio.. Th tpatu is foud with 3.898 K pic T 3 9.898 K 50 T T 5773K 3. Th pow is 4 4 ( 0 ) P σ A T T ( ) ( )
More informationError Analysis of 3-Dimensional GPS Attitude Determination System
48 Chasik Itatioal Pak, Duk Joual Ja Cho, of Cotol, Eu Jog Automatio, Cha, Dog-Hwa ad Systms, Hwag, vol. ad 4, o. Sag 4, pp. Jog 48-485, L August 6 Eo Aalysis of 3-Dimsioal GPS Attitud Dtmiatio Systm Chasik
More informationA A A. p mu E mc K mc E p c m c. = d /dk. c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s e = 1.60 x C 1 ev = 1.60 x J 1 Å = m M Sun = 2 x kg
Physics 9HE-Mod Physics Fial Examiatio Mach 1, 14 (1 poits total) You may ta off this sht. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Miscllaous data
More informationStudy of the Balance for the DHS Distribution
Itatioal Mathmatical Foum, Vol. 7, 01, o. 3, 1553-1565 Study of th Balac fo th Distibutio S. A. El-Shhawy Datmt of Mathmatics, Faculty of scic Moufiya Uivsity, Shbi El-Kom, Egyt Cut addss: Datmt of Mathmatics,
More informationRelation between wavefunctions and vectors: In the previous lecture we noted that:
Rlatio tw wavuctios a vctos: I th pvious lctu w ot that: * Ψm ( x) Ψ ( x) x Ψ m Ψ m which claly mas that th commo ovlap itgal o th lt must a i pouct o two vctos. I what ss is ca w thi o th itgal as th
More informationSimulink/ModelSim Co-Simulation of Sensorless PMSM Speed Controller
Simulik/ModlSim CoSimulatio of Ssolss PMSM Spd Cotoll YigShih Kug ad 2 Nguy Vu Quyh,2 Dpatmt of Elctical Egiig South aiwa Uivsity, aia, aiwa 2 ac Hog Uivsity, Vitam kug@mail.stut.du.tw, 2 vuuyh@lhu.du.v
More informationDESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HORN ANTENNA AND ITS ARRAYS AT C BAND
Itatioal Joual of lctoics, Commuicatio & Istumtatio giig Rsach ad Dvlopmt (IJCIRD) ISS(P): 49-684X; ISS(): 49-795 Vol. 5, Issu 5, Oct 5, -4 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. DSIG AD AALYSIS OF HOR ATA AD ITS ARRAYS AT C
More informationSAFE OPERATION OF TUBULAR (PFR) ADIABATIC REACTORS. FIGURE 1: Temperature as a function of space time in an adiabatic PFR with exothermic reaction.
he 47 Lctu Fall 5 SFE OPERION OF UBULR (PFR DIBI REORS I a xthmic acti th tmatu will ctiu t is as mvs alg a lug flw act util all f th limitig actat is xhaust. Schmatically th aiabatic tmatu is as a fucti
More informationThe tight-binding method
Th tight-idig thod Wa ottial aoach: tat lcto a a ga of aly f coductio lcto. ow aout iulato? ow aout d-lcto? d Tight-idig thod: gad a olid a a collctio of wa itactig utal ato. Ovla of atoic wav fuctio i
More informationRADIO-FREQUENCY WALL CONDITIONING FOR STEADY-STATE STELLARATORS
RAIO-FREQUENCY WALL CONIIONING FOR SEAY-SAE SELLARAORS Yu. S. Kulyk, V.E.Moisko,. Wauts, A.I.Lyssoiva Istitut of Plasma Physics, Natioal Scic Ct Khakiv Istitut of Physics ad chology, 68 Khakiv, Ukai Laboatoy
More informationImportance Sampling for Integrated Market and Credit Portfolio Models
Impotac Samplig fo Itgatd Makt ad dit otfolio Modls Jul 005 ETER GRUNDKE Dpatmt of Bakig, Uivsit of olog Albtus-Magus-latz 5093 olog, Gma pho: ++49--4706575, fax: ++49--470305, Mail: gudk@wiso.ui-kol.d
More informationBounds on the Second-Order Coding Rate of the MIMO Rayleigh Block-Fading Channel
Bouds o th Scod-Od Codig Rat of th MIMO Rayligh Block-Fadig Chal Jakob Hoydis Bll Laboatois, Alcatl-Luct Stuttgat, Gmay jakob.hoydis@alcatl-luct.com Romai Couillt Dpt. of Tlcommuicatios SUPELEC, Fac omai.couillt@suplc.f
More informationGreat Idea #4: Parallelism. CS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture. Pipelining Hazards. Agenda. Review of Last Lecture
CS 61C: Gat das i Comput Achitctu Pipliig Hazads Gu Lctu: Jui Hsia 4/12/2013 Spig 2013 Lctu #31 1 Gat da #4: Paalllism Softwa Paalll Rqus Assigd to comput.g. sach Gacia Paalll Thads Assigd to co.g. lookup,
More informationPhysics 111. Lecture 38 (Walker: ) Phase Change Latent Heat. May 6, The Three Basic Phases of Matter. Solid Liquid Gas
Physics 111 Lctu 38 (Walk: 17.4-5) Phas Chang May 6, 2009 Lctu 38 1/26 Th Th Basic Phass of Matt Solid Liquid Gas Squnc of incasing molcul motion (and ngy) Lctu 38 2/26 If a liquid is put into a sald contain
More informationAPPENDIX: STATISTICAL TOOLS
I. Nots o radom samplig Why do you d to sampl radomly? APPENDI: STATISTICAL TOOLS I ordr to masur som valu o a populatio of orgaisms, you usually caot masur all orgaisms, so you sampl a subst of th populatio.
More informationNEW PERSPECTIVES ABOUT DEFAULT HIERARCHIES FORMATION IN LEARNING CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS
Appad i: Pocdigs of II Italia ogss o Atificial Itlligc, Palmo, Italy, E.Adizzo, S.Gaglio ad F.Sobllo (Eds.), Spig-Vlag, 218-227. NEW PERSPETIVES ABOUT DEFAULT HIERARHIES FORMATION IN LEARNING LASSIFIER
More informationFREQUENCY DETECTION METHOD BASED ON RECURSIVE DFT ALGORITHM
FREQUECY DETECTIO METHOD BAED O RECURIE ALGORITHM Katsuyasu akano*, Yutaka Ota*, Hioyuki Ukai*, Koichi akamua*, and Hidki Fujita** *Dpt. of ystms Managmnt and Engining, agoya Institut of Tchnology, Gokiso-cho,
More informationShor s Algorithm. Motivation. Why build a classical computer? Why build a quantum computer? Quantum Algorithms. Overview. Shor s factoring algorithm
Motivation Sho s Algoith It appas that th univs in which w liv is govnd by quantu chanics Quantu infoation thoy givs us a nw avnu to study & tst quantu chanics Why do w want to build a quantu coput? Pt
More information5.61 Fall 2007 Lecture #2 page 1. The DEMISE of CLASSICAL PHYSICS
5.61 Fall 2007 Lctu #2 pag 1 Th DEMISE of CLASSICAL PHYSICS (a) Discovy of th Elcton In 1897 J.J. Thomson discovs th lcton and masus ( m ) (and inadvtntly invnts th cathod ay (TV) tub) Faaday (1860 s 1870
More informationInternational Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Volume 3 Issue 11, Nov
199 Algothm ad Matlab Pogam fo Softwa Rlablty Gowth Modl Basd o Wbull Od Statstcs Dstbuto Akladswa Svasa Vswaatha 1 ad Saavth Rama 2 1 Mathmatcs, Saaatha Collg of Egg, Tchy, Taml Nadu, Ida Abstact I ths
More informationDISCRETE-TIME RANDOM PROCESSES
DISCRT-TIM RNDOM PROCSSS Rado Pocsss Dfiitio; Ma ad vaiac; autocoatio ad autocovaiac; Ratiosip btw ado vaiabs i a sig ado pocss; Coss-covaiac ad coss-coatio of two ado pocsss; Statioa Rado Pocsss Statioait;
More informationThe Hydrogen Atom. Chapter 7
Th Hyog Ato Chapt 7 Hyog ato Th vy fist pobl that Schöig hislf tackl with his w wav quatio Poucig th oh s gy lvls a o! lctic pottial gy still plays a ol i a subatoic lvl btw poto a lcto V 4 Schöig q. fo
More information1985 AP Calculus BC: Section I
985 AP Calculus BC: Sctio I 9 Miuts No Calculator Nots: () I this amiatio, l dots th atural logarithm of (that is, logarithm to th bas ). () Ulss othrwis spcifid, th domai of a fuctio f is assumd to b
More informationDiscrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Discrt Fourir Trasorm DFT Major: All Egirig Majors Authors: Duc guy http://umricalmthods.g.us.du umrical Mthods or STEM udrgraduats 8/3/29 http://umricalmthods.g.us.du Discrt Fourir Trasorm Rcalld th xpotial
More informationWhat Makes Production System Design Hard?
What Maks Poduction Systm Dsign Had? 1. Things not always wh you want thm whn you want thm wh tanspot and location logistics whn invntoy schduling and poduction planning 2. Rsoucs a lumpy minimum ffctiv
More informationThe angle between L and the z-axis is found from
Poblm 6 This is not a ifficult poblm but it is a al pain to tansf it fom pap into Mathca I won't giv it to you on th quiz, but know how to o it fo th xam Poblm 6 S Figu 6 Th magnitu of L is L an th z-componnt
More informationProblem Session (3) for Chapter 4 Signal Modeling
Pobm Sssio fo Cht Sig Modig Soutios to Pobms....5. d... Fid th Pdé oimtio of scod-od to sig tht is giv by [... ] T i.. d so o. I oth wods usig oimtio of th fom b b b H fid th cofficits b b b d. Soutio
More informationStatics. Consider the free body diagram of link i, which is connected to link i-1 and link i+1 by joint i and joint i-1, respectively. = r r r.
Statcs Th cotact btw a mapulato ad ts vomt sults tactv ocs ad momts at th mapulato/vomt tac. Statcs ams at aalyzg th latoshp btw th actuato dv tous ad th sultat oc ad momt appld at th mapulato dpot wh
More informationAnalysis of a Two-Branch Maximal Ratio and Selection Diversity System with Unequal Branch Powers and Correlated Inputs for a Rayleigh Fading Channel
Aalysis of a Two-Bach Maximal Ratio ad Slctio Divsity Systm with Uqual Bach ows ad Colatd Iputs fo a Rayligh Fadig Chal Kai Ditz Thsis submittd to th Faculty of th Vigiia olytchic Istitut ad Stat Uivsity
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLMNTARY INFORMATION. Dtmin th gat inducd bgap cai concntation. Th fild inducd bgap cai concntation in bilay gaphn a indpndntly vaid by contolling th both th top bottom displacmnt lctical filds D t
More information( ) L = D e. e e. Example:
xapl: A Si p juctio diod av acoss sctioal aa of, a accpto coctatio of 5 0 8 c -3 o t p-sid ad a doo coctatio of 0 6 c -3 o t -sid. T lif ti of ols i -gio is 47 s ad t lif ti of lctos i t p-gio is 5 s.
More informationln x = n e = 20 (nearest integer)
H JC Prlim Solutios 6 a + b y a + b / / dy a b 3/ d dy a b at, d Giv quatio of ormal at is y dy ad y wh. d a b () (,) is o th curv a+ b () y.9958 Qustio Solvig () ad (), w hav a, b. Qustio d.77 d d d.77
More informationCDS 101: Lecture 5.1 Reachability and State Space Feedback
CDS, Lctur 5. CDS : Lctur 5. Rachability ad Stat Spac Fdback Richard M. Murray ad Hido Mabuchi 5 Octobr 4 Goals: Di rachability o a cotrol systm Giv tsts or rachability o liar systms ad apply to ampls
More informationProblem Value Score Earned No/Wrong Rec -3 Total
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL of ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING ECE6 Fall Quiz # Writt Eam Novmr, NAME: Solutio Kys GT Usram: LAST FIRST.g., gtiit Rcitatio Sctio: Circl t dat & tim w your Rcitatio
More informationEffect of alternating current on electrolytic solutions
IOSR Joual of Egiig (IOSRJEN) -ISSN: 2250-3021, p-issn: 2278-8719 Vol. 3, Issu 8 (August. 2013), V2 PP 51-59 Effct of altatig cut o lctolytic solutios Paatap Nadi Dpatmt Elctical Egiig, Wst Bgal Uivsity
More informationDielectric Waveguide 1
Dilctic Wavgui Total Ital Rflctio i c si c t si si t i i i c i Total Ital Rflctio i c i cos si Wh i t i si c si cos t j o cos t t o si i si bcoms pul imagia pul imagia i, al Total Ital Rflctio 3 i c i
More informationA New Method of Estimating Wave Energy from Ground Vibrations
Gomatials, 215, 5, 45-55 Publishd Oli Apil 215 i SciRs. http://www.scip.o/joual/m http://dx.doi.o/1.4236/m.215.525 A Nw Mthod of stimati Wav fom Goud Vibatios K. Ram Chada *, V. R. Sast Dpatmt of Mii ii,
More informationHomework 1: Solutions
Howo : Solutos No-a Fals supposto tst but passs scal tst lthouh -f th ta as slowss [S /V] vs t th appaac of laty alty th path alo whch slowss s to b tat to obta tavl ts ps o th ol paat S o V as a cosquc
More informationInvestigation of Discharges Influence on Boundary Layer in Supersonic Airflow
ISTC 1866-000 Fial Pojct Tchical Rpot of ISTC 1866p-000 Ivstigatio of Dischags Ifluc o Bouday Lay i Supsoic Aiflow (Fom 1 Octob 000 to 30 Sptmb 001 fo 1 moths) Valy Mikhailovich Shibkov (Pojct Maag) Dpatmt
More informationFrequency Measurement in Noise
Frqucy Masurmt i ois Porat Sctio 6.5 /4 Frqucy Mas. i ois Problm Wat to o look at th ct o ois o usig th DFT to masur th rqucy o a siusoid. Cosidr sigl complx siusoid cas: j y +, ssum Complx Whit ois Gaussia,
More informationGAUSS PLANETARY EQUATIONS IN A NON-SINGULAR GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
GAUSS PLANETARY EQUATIONS IN A NON-SINGULAR GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL Ioannis Iaklis Haanas * and Michal Hany# * Dpatmnt of Physics and Astonomy, Yok Univsity 34 A Pti Scinc Building Noth Yok, Ontaio, M3J-P3,
More information2011 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions
0 HSC Mathmatics Etsio Solutios Qustio, (a) A B 9, (b) : 9, P 5 0, 5 5 7, si cos si d d by th quotit ul si (c) 0 si cos si si cos si 0 0 () I u du d u cos d u.du cos (f) f l Now 0 fo all l l fo all Rag
More information12.6 Sequential LMMSE Estimation
12.6 Sequetial LMMSE Estimatio Same kid if settig as fo Sequetial LS Fied umbe of paametes (but hee they ae modeled as adom) Iceasig umbe of data samples Data Model: [ H[ θ + w[ (+1) 1 p 1 [ [[0] [] ukow
More informationE F. and H v. or A r and F r are dual of each other.
A Duality Thom: Consid th following quations as an xampl = A = F μ ε H A E A = jωa j ωμε A + β A = μ J μ A x y, z = J, y, z 4π E F ( A = jω F j ( F j β H F ωμε F + β F = ε M jβ ε F x, y, z = M, y, z 4π
More informationThe Discrete Fourier Transform
(7) The Discete Fouie Tasfom The Discete Fouie Tasfom hat is Discete Fouie Tasfom (DFT)? (ote: It s ot DTFT discete-time Fouie tasfom) A liea tasfomatio (mati) Samples of the Fouie tasfom (DTFT) of a apeiodic
More informationExtinction Ratio and Power Penalty
Application Not: HFAN-.. Rv.; 4/8 Extinction Ratio and ow nalty AVALABLE Backgound Extinction atio is an impotant paamt includd in th spcifications of most fib-optic tanscivs. h pupos of this application
More informationDiscrete Fourier Transform. Nuno Vasconcelos UCSD
Discrt Fourir Trasform uo Vascoclos UCSD Liar Shift Ivariat (LSI) systms o of th most importat cocpts i liar systms thory is that of a LSI systm Dfiitio: a systm T that maps [ ito y[ is LSI if ad oly if
More informationDTFT Properties. Example - Determine the DTFT Y ( e ) of n. Let. We can therefore write. From Table 3.1, the DTFT of x[n] is given by 1
DTFT Proprtis Exampl - Dtrmi th DTFT Y of y α µ, α < Lt x α µ, α < W ca thrfor writ y x x From Tabl 3., th DTFT of x is giv by ω X ω α ω Copyright, S. K. Mitra Copyright, S. K. Mitra DTFT Proprtis DTFT
More informationChapter (8) Estimation and Confedence Intervals Examples
Chaptr (8) Estimatio ad Cofdc Itrvals Exampls Typs of stimatio: i. Poit stimatio: Exampl (1): Cosidr th sampl obsrvatios, 17,3,5,1,18,6,16,10 8 X i i1 17 3 5 118 6 16 10 116 X 14.5 8 8 8 14.5 is a poit
More informationCombining Subword and State-level Dissimilarity Measures for Improved Spoken Term Detection in NTCIR-11 SpokenQuery&Doc Task
Combining Subwod and Stat-lvl Dissimilaity Masus fo Impovd Spokn Tm Dtction in NTCIR-11 SpoknQuy&Doc Task ABSTRACT Mitsuaki Makino Shizuoka Univsity 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
More information( ) ( ) ( ) 2011 HSC Mathematics Solutions ( 6) ( ) ( ) ( ) π π. αβ = = 2. α β αβ. Question 1. (iii) 1 1 β + (a) (4 sig. fig.
HS Mathmatics Solutios Qustio.778.78 ( sig. fig.) (b) (c) ( )( + ) + + + + d d (d) l ( ) () 8 6 (f) + + + + ( ) ( ) (iii) β + + α α β αβ 6 (b) si π si π π π +,π π π, (c) y + dy + d 8+ At : y + (,) dy 8(
More informationGRAVITATION 4) R. max. 2 ..(1) ...(2)
GAVITATION PVIOUS AMCT QUSTIONS NGINING. A body is pojctd vtically upwads fom th sufac of th ath with a vlocity qual to half th scap vlocity. If is th adius of th ath, maximum hight attaind by th body
More informationComparing convolution-integral models with analytical pipe- flow solutions
Joual of Physics: Cofc Sis PAPE OPEN ACCESS Compaig covolutio-itgal modls with aalytical pip- flow solutios To cit this aticl: K Ubaowicz t al 6 J. Phys.: Cof. S. 76 6 Viw th aticl oli fo updats ad hacmts.
More informationSIMULTANEOUS METHODS FOR FINDING ALL ZEROS OF A POLYNOMIAL
Joual of athmatcal Sccs: Advacs ad Applcatos Volum, 05, ags 5-8 SIULTANEUS ETHDS FR FINDING ALL ZERS F A LYNIAL JUN-SE SNG ollg of dc Yos Uvsty Soul Rpublc of Koa -mal: usopsog@yos.ac. Abstact Th pupos
More informationLecture 3.2: Cosets. Matthew Macauley. Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University
Lctu 3.2: Costs Matthw Macauly Dpatmnt o Mathmatical Scincs Clmson Univsity http://www.math.clmson.du/~macaul/ Math 4120, Modn Algba M. Macauly (Clmson) Lctu 3.2: Costs Math 4120, Modn Algba 1 / 11 Ovviw
More informationA NEW CURRENT TRANSFORMER SATURATION DETECTION ALGORITHM
A NEW CURRENT TRANSFORMER SATURATION DETECTION ALGORITHM CHAPTER 5 I uit protctio schms, whr CTs ar diffrtially coctd, th xcitatio charactristics of all CTs should b wll matchd. Th primary currt flow o
More informationDFT: Discrete Fourier Transform
: Discrt Fourir Trasform Cogruc (Itgr modulo m) I this sctio, all lttrs stad for itgrs. gcd m, = th gratst commo divisor of ad m Lt d = gcd(,m) All th liar combiatios r s m of ad m ar multils of d. a b
More informationz 1+ 3 z = Π n =1 z f() z = n e - z = ( 1-z) e z e n z z 1- n = ( 1-z/2) 1+ 2n z e 2n e n -1 ( 1-z )/2 e 2n-1 1-2n -1 1 () z
Sris Expasio of Rciprocal of Gamma Fuctio. Fuctios with Itgrs as Roots Fuctio f with gativ itgrs as roots ca b dscribd as follows. f() Howvr, this ifiit product divrgs. That is, such a fuctio caot xist
More informationDigital Signal Processing, Fall 2006
Digital Sigal Procssig, Fall 6 Lctur 9: Th Discrt Fourir Trasfor Zhg-Hua Ta Dpartt of Elctroic Systs Aalborg Uivrsity, Dar zt@o.aau.d Digital Sigal Procssig, I, Zhg-Hua Ta, 6 Cours at a glac MM Discrt-ti
More informationStudy on the Classification and Stability of Industry-University- Research Symbiosis Phenomenon: Based on the Logistic Model
Jounal of Emging Tnds in Economics and Managmnt Scincs (JETEMS 3 (1: 116-1 Scholalink sach Institut Jounals, 1 (ISS: 141-74 Jounal jtms.scholalinksach.og of Emging Tnds Economics and Managmnt Scincs (JETEMS
More information8 - GRAVITATION Page 1
8 GAVITATION Pag 1 Intoduction Ptolmy, in scond cntuy, gav gocntic thoy of plantay motion in which th Eath is considd stationay at th cnt of th univs and all th stas and th plants including th Sun volving
More information(Reference: sections in Silberberg 5 th ed.)
ALE. Atomic Structur Nam HEM K. Marr Tam No. Sctio What is a atom? What is th structur of a atom? Th Modl th structur of a atom (Rfrc: sctios.4 -. i Silbrbrg 5 th d.) Th subatomic articls that chmists
More informationEE243 Advanced Electromagnetic Theory Lec # 22 Scattering and Diffraction. Reading: Jackson Chapter 10.1, 10.3, lite on both 10.2 and 10.
Appid M Fa 6, Nuuth Lctu # V //6 43 Advancd ctomagntic Thoy Lc # Scatting and Diffaction Scatting Fom Sma Obcts Scatting by Sma Dictic and Mtaic Sphs Coction of Scatts Sphica Wav xpansions Scaa Vcto Rading:
More informationCDS 101: Lecture 5.1 Reachability and State Space Feedback
CDS, Lctur 5. CDS : Lctur 5. Rachability ad Stat Spac Fdback Richard M. Murray 7 Octobr 3 Goals: Di rachability o a cotrol systm Giv tsts or rachability o liar systms ad apply to ampls Dscrib th dsig o
More informationHydrogen atom. Energy levels and wave functions Orbital momentum, electron spin and nuclear spin Fine and hyperfine interaction Hydrogen orbitals
Hydogn atom Engy lvls and wav functions Obital momntum, lcton spin and nucla spin Fin and hypfin intaction Hydogn obitals Hydogn atom A finmnt of th Rydbg constant: R ~ 109 737.3156841 cm -1 A hydogn mas
More informationOverview. 1 Recall: continuous-time Markov chains. 2 Transient distribution. 3 Uniformization. 4 Strong and weak bisimulation
Rcall: continuous-tim Makov chains Modling and Vification of Pobabilistic Systms Joost-Pit Katon Lhstuhl fü Infomatik 2 Softwa Modling and Vification Goup http://movs.wth-aachn.d/taching/ws-89/movp8/ Dcmb
More informationTheoretical Extension and Experimental Verification of a Frequency-Domain Recursive Approach to Ultrasonic Waves in Multilayered Media
ECNDT 006 - Post 99 Thotical Extnsion and Expimntal Vification of a Fquncy-Domain Rcusiv Appoach to Ultasonic Wavs in Multilayd Mdia Natalya MANN Quality Assuanc and Rliability Tchnion- Isal Institut of
More informationOn Gaussian Distribution
Ppad b Çağata ada MU lctical gi. Dpt. Dc. documt vio. Gauia ditibutio i did a ollow O Gauia Ditibutio π h uctio i clal poitiv valud. Bo callig thi uctio a a pobabilit dit uctio w hould chc whth th aa ud
More informationChaos and Correlation
Chaos ad Colatio May, Chaos ad Colatio Itatioal Joual, Mayl, Ядерные оболочки и периодический закон Менделеева Nucli shlls ad piodic tds Alxad P. Tuv (Tooto, Caada) Alxad P. Tuv На основе теории ядерных
More information(, ) which is a positively sloping curve showing (Y,r) for which the money market is in equilibrium. The P = (1.4)
ots lctu Th IS/LM modl fo an opn conomy is basd on a fixd pic lvl (vy sticky pics) and consists of a goods makt and a mony makt. Th goods makt is Y C+ I + G+ X εq (.) E SEK wh ε = is th al xchang at, E
More informationSVD ( ) Linear Algebra for. A bit of repetition. Lecture: 8. Let s try the factorization. Is there a generalization? = Q2Λ2Q (spectral theorem!
Liea Algeba fo Wieless Commuicatios Lectue: 8 Sigula Value Decompositio SVD Ove Edfos Depatmet of Electical ad Ifomatio echology Lud Uivesity it 00-04-06 Ove Edfos A bit of epetitio A vey useful matix
More informationPart B: Transform Methods. Professor E. Ambikairajah UNSW, Australia
Part B: Trasform Mthods Chaptr 3: Discrt-Tim Fourir Trasform (DTFT) 3. Discrt Tim Fourir Trasform (DTFT) 3. Proprtis of DTFT 3.3 Discrt Fourir Trasform (DFT) 3.4 Paddig with Zros ad frqucy Rsolutio 3.5
More informationEXACT MODEL MATCHING AND DISTURBANCE REJECTION FOR GENERAL LINEAR TIME DELAY SYSTEMS VIA MEASUREMENT OUTPUT FEEDBACK
EXACT ODEL ATCHIN AND DISTURBANCE REJECTION FOR ENERAL LINEAR TIE DELAY SYSTES VIA EASUREENT OUTUT FEEDBACK Fotis N. Kouboulis Halkis Istitut of Tchology Dpatt of Autoatio saha Evoia Halki 344, c kouboulis@tihal.g
More informationComplex Algorithms for Lattice Adaptive IIR Notch Filter
4th Iteratioal Coferece o Sigal Processig Systems (ICSPS ) IPCSIT vol. 58 () () IACSIT Press, Sigapore DOI:.7763/IPCSIT..V58. Complex Algorithms for Lattice Adaptive IIR Notch Filter Hog Liag +, Nig Jia
More informationGRAVITATION. (d) If a spring balance having frequency f is taken on moon (having g = g / 6) it will have a frequency of (a) 6f (b) f / 6
GVITTION 1. Two satllits and o ound a plant P in cicula obits havin adii 4 and spctivly. If th spd of th satllit is V, th spd of th satllit will b 1 V 6 V 4V V. Th scap vlocity on th sufac of th ath is
More informationUNIT # 12 (PART - I)
JEE-Pysics od-6\e:\data\\kota\jee-dvacd\smp\py\solutio\uit-9 & \5.Mod Pysics.p65 MODER PHYSICS (tomic ad ucla pysics) EXERCISE I c 6V c. V c. P(D) t /. T, T B ; T +B 6. so, fist alf livs (by ) xt alf livs
More informationNEW VERSION OF SZEGED INDEX AND ITS COMPUTATION FOR SOME NANOTUBES
Digst Joural of Naomatrials ad Biostructurs Vol 4, No, March 009, p 67-76 NEW VERSION OF SZEGED INDEX AND ITS COMPUTATION FOR SOME NANOTUBES A IRANMANESH a*, O KHORMALI b, I NAJAFI KHALILSARAEE c, B SOLEIMANI
More informationPURE MATHEMATICS A-LEVEL PAPER 1
-AL P MATH PAPER HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY HONG KONG ADVANCED LEVEL EXAMINATION PURE MATHEMATICS A-LEVEL PAPER 8 am am ( hours) This papr must b aswrd i Eglish This papr cosists of Sctio A ad Sctio
More informationPhase plane method is an important graphical methods to deal with problems related to a second-order autonomous system.
NCTU Dpam of Elcical ad Compu Egiig Sio Cous
More informationChapter 11.00C Physical Problem for Fast Fourier Transform Civil Engineering
haptr. Physical Problm for Fast Fourir Trasform ivil Egirig Itroductio I this chaptr, applicatios of FFT algorithms [-5] for solvig ral-lif problms such as computig th dyamical (displacmt rspos [6-7] of
More informationECE594I Notes set 6: Thermal Noise
C594I ots, M. odwll, copyrightd C594I Nots st 6: Thrmal Nois Mark odwll Uivrsity of Califoria, ata Barbara rodwll@c.ucsb.du 805-893-344, 805-893-36 fax frcs ad Citatios: C594I ots, M. odwll, copyrightd
More informationFigure 2-18 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit of a Noisy Resistor
.8 NOISE.8. Th Nyquist Nois Thorm W ow wat to tur our atttio to ois. W will start with th basic dfiitio of ois as usd i radar thory ad th discuss ois figur. Th typ of ois of itrst i radar thory is trmd
More informationScattering Parameters. Scattering Parameters
Motivatio cattrig Paramtrs Difficult to implmt op ad short circuit coditios i high frqucis masurmts du to parasitic s ad Cs Pottial stability problms for activ dvics wh masurd i oopratig coditios Difficult
More informationSchool of Aerospace Engineering Origins of Quantum Theory. Measurements of emission of light (EM radiation) from (H) atoms found discrete lines
Ogs of Quatu Thoy Masuts of sso of lght (EM adato) fo (H) atos foud dsct ls 5 4 Abl to ft to followg ss psso ν R λ c λwavlgth, νfqucy, cspd lght RRydbg Costat (~09,7677.58c - ),,, +, +,..g.,,.6, 0.6, (Lya
More informationIdeal crystal : Regulary ordered point masses connected via harmonic springs
Statistical thrmodyamics of crystals Mooatomic crystal Idal crystal : Rgulary ordrd poit masss coctd via harmoic sprigs Itratomic itractios Rprstd by th lattic forc-costat quivalt atom positios miima o
More informationAn Asymptotic Expansion for the Non-Central Chi-square Distribution. By Jinan Hamzah Farhood Department of Mathematics College of Education
A Asypoic Expasio fo h o-cal Chi-squa Disibuio By Jia Hazah ahood Dpa of Mahaics Collg of Educaio 6 Absac W div a asypoic xpasio fo h o-cal chi-squa disibuio as wh X i is h o-cal chi-squa vaiabl wih dg
More information