Technical Report: Bessel Filter Analysis
|
|
- Martin Washington
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sasa Mahmoodi 1 Techical Repot: Bessel Filte Aalysis 1 School of Electoics ad Compute Sciece, Buildig 1, Southampto Uivesity, Southampto, S17 1BJ, UK, sm3@ecs.soto.ac.uk I this techical epot, we pove two fudametal theoems fo a edge detectio algoithm based o a Bessel filte. Theoem 1: The gadiet magitude of the covolved image u + : R R calculated by u ( x, y = h * g is ubouded o the discotiuities of a give piecewise-costat image + + g : Ω R whee Ω ad R ae the image domai ad the set of positive eal umbes espectively. Poof: Befoe pesetig the poof fo this theoem, we biefly explai the stuctue of the poof. The covolutio (i Catesia coodiates betwee a modified Bessel fuctio of the secod kid ad zeo degee ad a iput image (a piece-wise costat fuctio depicted i figue (A (see the ed of sectio A of this documet at the cete of coodiate system (poit is evaluated i pola coodiate system. Next, we calculate the diectioal deivative of this covolutio (at poit alog a lie passig though poit with ay give slope betwee ta ( ϑ ad ta ( ϑ φ + (see figue (A i this documet. By exploitig the asymptotic popeties of the Bessel fuctio, we the pove that this diectioal deivate is ifiity (ubouded. We immediately coclude that the gadiet magitude of the covolved fuctio at poit is also ubouded. To explai the poof i details, let us ow coside the piecewise costat image show i figue (A descibed i pola coodiates as: ( g(, θ = ah ( H ( θ ϑ H ( θ ϑ ϕ (A-1 whee H(., a,, ad θ ae the Heaviside step fuctio, a costat epesetig lumiace, adial ad agula coodiates espectively ad ϑ φ [, π, ae costats
2 I figue (A, the oigi of the coodiate system, poit is placed o the image discotiuity fomig a shap coe. We aim to show that the gadiet magitude of u at (i.e. u is ifiite. If u is the covolved image with the Bessel filte, we evaluate u u = whee (, = cos( θ i + si( θ j, θ ( ϑ, ϑ + φ, ad i ad j ae the uit vectos alog x ad y axes espectively: u h ε ε h( x, y ε h( x, y = * g = Lim g( x x, y y dx dy + Lim g( x x, y y dx dy ε ε h( x, y h( x, y + Lim g( x x, y y dx dy Lim g( x x, y y dx dy ε + ε ε (A- whee h is a Bessel filte defied as: x ε K( x > h( x = ε ε K( x I the above equatios, K is the modified Bessel fuctio of the secod type ad zeo degee. At poit i figue (A i pola coodiates, we ca wite: u π h (, = Lim g(, θ ddθ ε (A-3 u (, = a Lim ϑ + ϕ + π ε ε ϑ + π h ddθ (A-4 the othe had, h ca be calculated as: h h h = h = cos( θ + si( θ x y (A-5 Equatio (A-4 ca the be witte as: K ( u a ϑ + ϕ + π (, = Lim cos( dd ε ε ϑ + π θ θ θ (A-6
3 Theefoe: K ( u a (, = ( si( ϑ θ si( ϑ + ϕ θ Lim d ε (A-7 Equatio (A-7 ca be itegated by usig itegatio by pat: u a (, = ( si( ϑ θ si( ϑ + ϕ θ Lim K ( K ( d ε ε (A-8 Usig asymptotic behavios of K (, as = ε ad ad l Hopital s ule fo idetemiate tems, we ca detemie the asymptotic behavio of tem K i equatio (A-8, whe = ε ad, i.e.: Lim K ( = Lim Log( ad Lim = ( π K = Lim exp( = Equatio (A-8 ca theefoe be ewitte as: ( u a (, = ( si( ϑ + ϕ θ si( ϑ θ Lim K( d ε (A-9 as ε, the itegatio tem i equatio (A-9 appoaches to ifiity. u Sice (, = u, the u = We otice that fo φ = π the wedge show i figue (A chages to a edge alog a staight lie o which poit ca be egaded as a abitay poit. I such a case, equatio (A-9 is educed to u a (, = ( si( ϑ θ Lim K( d ε (A-1
4 The absolute value of the ight had side of equatio (A-1 also appoaches ifiity as ε, hece u =. We also ote that by cosideig a egula cuve appoximated by a ifiite umbe of ifiitesimal staight lie segmets ad by assumig poit to be o oe of these ifiitesimal staight lie segmets, we exploit the above agumet obtaied fom (A- 1 to coclude that appoaches ifiity as ε fo this case as well. It is also oted u that fo boudaies fomig staight lies ad/o egula cuves the uit vecto is coveietly cosideed to be omal uit vecto to the bouday. y φ ϑ x Fig (A: A oigial image cotaiig discotiuities fomig a shap coe at the cete of coodiates + Theoem : The gadiet magitude of the covolved image u : R R calculated i u ( x, y = h * g has local maxima o discotiuities of a give piecewise-costat + image g : Ω R. Poof: At the begiig, let us biefly explai the stuctue of the poof. The diectioal deivative of the covolutio betwee the isotopic Bessel fuctio ad the iput image show i figue (A alog a staight lie passig though poit with a slope betwee ta ( ϑ ad ta ( ϑ φ + (see figue (A is cosideed. We iitially assume that the local maximum associated to poit is located at poit with pola coodiates (, θ. By usig the asymptotic popeties of the Bessel fuctio, we fially pove that poit is located at the cete of coodiates, i.e. poit is the same as poit. To explai the poof i details, let us ow coside agai g i figue
5 (A. We ow aim to pove that u has a maximum at poit, as ε. By u cosideig U (, = (,, we ca calculate U (, as (, π U h h = cos ( θ θ si ( θ θ gddθ whee h is the Bessel filte ad g is give i equatio (A-1. By itegatig the above equatio with espect to θ ad itegatig by pat with espect to fo the fist tem i the above equatio, we ca wite: (, dhε ( si ( ( si ( ( si ( ( si ( ( ( ( U = a Lim ϕ + ϑ θ ϑ θ d = a ϕ + ϑ θ ϑ θ Lim h ε d ε (B-1 Let us assume that U has a local maximum associated with poit i (, θ whee epesetig the distace betwee the local maximum ad the cetal poit, is a small displacemet, θ ϑ ad θ ϑ + φ. We otice that the local maxima with ad agle θ = ϑ o θ = ϑ + φ ae associated with poits o lowe ad uppe discotiuity edges (alog staight lies of the wedge ad theefoe ot associated with poit. A Mclaui s seies ca be witte i the eighbouhood of maximum poit, i.e.: = + + θ + (, θ (, (, (, U U U U ( whee = cos( θ θ e si( θ θ e, ( θ = si θ θ e + cos( θ θ e θ ( is pepedicula to, e ad eθ ae uit vectos alog adial ad agula coodiates espectively. Sice is a small displacemet, we igoe tems with highe degees. the othe had, U (, θ vaishes, because U has a local maximum at,, i.e.: ( θ U U U U = = + + θ (, θ (, (, (, We ca the calculate as:
6 U (, = U U + θ (, (, (B- The secod diectioal deivatives of U alog the uit vectos ad ca also be calculated as: U (, dh = a ( si ( ϑ θ si ( ϑ + ϕ θ Lim d d ε (B-3 U (, 1 dh = a( si ( ϑ + ϕ θ cos ( ϑ + ϕ θ si ( ϑ θ cos( ϑ θ Lim d d ε (B-4 By usig equatios (B-1, (B-3 ad (B-4, equatio (B- ca be witte as: = Lim ( si ( ( ϕ + ϑ θ si ( ( ϑ θ h( ε 3 3 ( si ( ϑ θ si ( ϑ ϕ θ θ ( ( ( si ( ϑ ϕ θ cos ϑ ϕ θ si ( ϑ θ cos ϑ θ 1 dh d d ε The above tem is idetemiate as ε. By usig l Hoptial s ule fo idetemiate tems, we ca theefoe wite as: dh ( si ( ( ϕ + ϑ θ si ( ( ϑ θ dε ( ( ( = Lim = dh ( si ( ϑ θ si ( ϑ + ϕ θ + θ si ( ϑ + ϕ θ cos ϑ + ϕ θ si ( ϑ θ cos ϑ θ ε dε Theefoe as ε, the local maximum poit fo U = u appoaches poit. Theefoe u at poit has a local maximum. Fo φ = π, the bouday passig though poit is a staight lie ad is theefoe calculated as: ( si ( ( si ( ( ϑ θ + θ ϑ θ ( ϑ θ ε π + ϑ θ ϑ θ = Lim = 3 ( si ( ( si ( cos (B-5 Boudaies fomig egula cuves passig though poit ae cosideed to cosist of ifiite umbes of ifiitesimal staight lie segmets. Fo ay poit o such ifiitesimal lie segmets,
7 the above agumet is applicable. The uit vecto is cosideed to be omal to boudaies fomig a staight lie ad/o a egula cuve. Ackowledgmets. This wok was suppoted i pat by the IST pogam of the Euopea Commuity, ude the PASCAL Netwok of Excellece, the IST ad PiView poject with gat umbe 1659
Advanced Higher Formula List
Advaced Highe Fomula List Note: o fomulae give i eam emembe eveythig! Uit Biomial Theoem Factoial! ( ) ( ) Biomial Coefficiet C!! ( )! Symmety Idetity Khayyam-Pascal Idetity Biomial Theoem ( y) C y 0 0
More informationCHAPTER 5 : SERIES. 5.2 The Sum of a Series Sum of Power of n Positive Integers Sum of Series of Partial Fraction Difference Method
CHAPTER 5 : SERIES 5.1 Seies 5. The Sum of a Seies 5..1 Sum of Powe of Positive Iteges 5.. Sum of Seies of Patial Factio 5..3 Diffeece Method 5.3 Test of covegece 5.3.1 Divegece Test 5.3. Itegal Test 5.3.3
More informationMapping Radius of Regular Function and Center of Convex Region. Duan Wenxi
d Iteatioal Cofeece o Electical Compute Egieeig ad Electoics (ICECEE 5 Mappig adius of egula Fuctio ad Cete of Covex egio Dua Wexi School of Applied Mathematics Beijig Nomal Uivesity Zhuhai Chia 363463@qqcom
More informationAuchmuty High School Mathematics Department Sequences & Series Notes Teacher Version
equeces ad eies Auchmuty High chool Mathematics Depatmet equeces & eies Notes Teache Vesio A sequece takes the fom,,7,0,, while 7 0 is a seies. Thee ae two types of sequece/seies aithmetic ad geometic.
More information2012 GCE A Level H2 Maths Solution Paper Let x,
GCE A Level H Maths Solutio Pape. Let, y ad z be the cost of a ticet fo ude yeas, betwee ad 5 yeas, ad ove 5 yeas categoies espectively. 9 + y + 4z =. 7 + 5y + z = 8. + 4y + 5z = 58.5 Fo ude, ticet costs
More informationa) The average (mean) of the two fractions is halfway between them: b) The answer is yes. Assume without loss of generality that p < r.
Solutios to MAML Olympiad Level 00. Factioated a) The aveage (mea) of the two factios is halfway betwee them: p ps+ q ps+ q + q s qs qs b) The aswe is yes. Assume without loss of geeality that p
More informationMultivector Functions
I: J. Math. Aal. ad Appl., ol. 24, No. 3, c Academic Pess (968) 467 473. Multivecto Fuctios David Hestees I a pevious pape [], the fudametals of diffeetial ad itegal calculus o Euclidea -space wee expessed
More information( ) 1 Comparison Functions. α is strictly increasing since ( r) ( r ) α = for any positive real number c. = 0. It is said to belong to
Compaiso Fuctios I this lesso, we study stability popeties of the oautoomous system = f t, x The difficulty is that ay solutio of this system statig at x( t ) depeds o both t ad t = x Thee ae thee special
More informationphysicsandmathstutor.com
physicsadmathstuto.com physicsadmathstuto.com Jue 005. A cuve has equatio blak x + xy 3y + 16 = 0. dy Fid the coodiates of the poits o the cuve whee 0. dx = (7) Q (Total 7 maks) *N03B034* 3 Tu ove physicsadmathstuto.com
More informationA note on random minimum length spanning trees
A ote o adom miimum legth spaig tees Ala Fieze Miklós Ruszikó Lubos Thoma Depatmet of Mathematical Scieces Caegie Mello Uivesity Pittsbugh PA15213, USA ala@adom.math.cmu.edu, usziko@luta.sztaki.hu, thoma@qwes.math.cmu.edu
More informationConditional Convergence of Infinite Products
Coditioal Covegece of Ifiite Poducts William F. Tech Ameica Mathematical Mothly 106 1999), 646-651 I this aticle we evisit the classical subject of ifiite poducts. Fo stadad defiitios ad theoems o this
More informationOn composite conformal mapping of an annulus to a plane with two holes
O composite cofomal mappig of a aulus to a plae with two holes Mila Batista (July 07) Abstact I the aticle we coside the composite cofomal map which maps aulus to ifiite egio with symmetic hole ad ealy
More informationOn ARMA(1,q) models with bounded and periodically correlated solutions
Reseach Repot HSC/03/3 O ARMA(,q) models with bouded ad peiodically coelated solutios Aleksade Weo,2 ad Agieszka Wy oma ska,2 Hugo Steihaus Cete, Woc aw Uivesity of Techology 2 Istitute of Mathematics,
More informationON CERTAIN CLASS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
ON CERTAIN CLASS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS Nailah Abdul Rahma Al Diha Mathematics Depatmet Gils College of Educatio PO Box 60 Riyadh 567 Saudi Aabia Received Febuay 005 accepted Septembe 005 Commuicated by
More information= 5! 3! 2! = 5! 3! (5 3)!. In general, the number of different groups of r items out of n items (when the order is ignored) is given by n!
0 Combiatoial Aalysis Copyight by Deiz Kalı 4 Combiatios Questio 4 What is the diffeece betwee the followig questio i How may 3-lette wods ca you wite usig the lettes A, B, C, D, E ii How may 3-elemet
More informationGreatest term (numerically) in the expansion of (1 + x) Method 1 Let T
BINOMIAL THEOREM_SYNOPSIS Geatest tem (umeically) i the epasio of ( + ) Method Let T ( The th tem) be the geatest tem. Fid T, T, T fom the give epasio. Put T T T ad. Th will give a iequality fom whee value
More informationphysicsandmathstutor.com
physicsadmathstuto.com physicsadmathstuto.com Jauay 2009 2 a 7. Give that X = 1 1, whee a is a costat, ad a 2, blak (a) fid X 1 i tems of a. Give that X + X 1 = I, whee I is the 2 2 idetity matix, (b)
More informationA NOTE ON DOMINATION PARAMETERS IN RANDOM GRAPHS
Discussioes Mathematicae Gaph Theoy 28 (2008 335 343 A NOTE ON DOMINATION PARAMETERS IN RANDOM GRAPHS Athoy Boato Depatmet of Mathematics Wilfid Lauie Uivesity Wateloo, ON, Caada, N2L 3C5 e-mail: aboato@oges.com
More informationBINOMIAL THEOREM An expression consisting of two terms, connected by + or sign is called a
BINOMIAL THEOREM hapte 8 8. Oveview: 8.. A epessio cosistig of two tems, coected by + o sig is called a biomial epessio. Fo eample, + a, y,,7 4 5y, etc., ae all biomial epessios. 8.. Biomial theoem If
More informationBINOMIAL THEOREM NCERT An expression consisting of two terms, connected by + or sign is called a
8. Oveview: 8.. A epessio cosistig of two tems, coected by + o sig is called a biomial epessio. Fo eample, + a, y,,7 4, etc., ae all biomial 5y epessios. 8.. Biomial theoem BINOMIAL THEOREM If a ad b ae
More informationL8b - Laplacians in a circle
L8b - Laplacias i a cicle Rev //04 `Give you evidece,' the Kig epeated agily, `o I'll have you executed, whethe you'e evous o ot.' `I'm a poo ma, you Majesty,' the Hatte bega, i a temblig voice, `--ad
More informationBy the end of this section you will be able to prove the Chinese Remainder Theorem apply this theorem to solve simultaneous linear congruences
Chapte : Theoy of Modula Aithmetic 8 Sectio D Chiese Remaide Theoem By the ed of this sectio you will be able to pove the Chiese Remaide Theoem apply this theoem to solve simultaeous liea cogueces The
More informationUsing Difference Equations to Generalize Results for Periodic Nested Radicals
Usig Diffeece Equatios to Geealize Results fo Peiodic Nested Radicals Chis Lyd Uivesity of Rhode Islad, Depatmet of Mathematics South Kigsto, Rhode Islad 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 π = + + +... Vieta (593) 2 2 2 =
More informationSome Integral Mean Estimates for Polynomials
Iteatioal Mathematical Foum, Vol. 8, 23, o., 5-5 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikai.com Some Itegal Mea Estimates fo Polyomials Abdullah Mi, Bilal Ahmad Da ad Q. M. Dawood Depatmet of Mathematics, Uivesity of Kashmi
More informationTHE ANALYTIC LARGE SIEVE
THE ANALYTIC LAGE SIEVE 1. The aalytic lage sieve I the last lectue we saw how to apply the aalytic lage sieve to deive a aithmetic fomulatio of the lage sieve, which we applied to the poblem of boudig
More informationCounting Functions and Subsets
CHAPTER 1 Coutig Fuctios ad Subsets This chapte of the otes is based o Chapte 12 of PJE See PJE p144 Hee ad below, the efeeces to the PJEccles book ae give as PJE The goal of this shot chapte is to itoduce
More informationMATH /19: problems for supervision in week 08 SOLUTIONS
MATH10101 2018/19: poblems fo supevisio i week 08 Q1. Let A be a set. SOLUTIONS (i Pove that the fuctio c: P(A P(A, defied by c(x A \ X, is bijective. (ii Let ow A be fiite, A. Use (i to show that fo each
More informationSolutions to Final Exam Review Problems
. Let f(x) 4+x. Solutios to Fial Exam Review Problems Math 5C, Witer 2007 (a) Fid the Maclauri series for f(x), ad compute its radius of covergece. Solutio. f(x) 4( ( x/4)) ( x/4) ( ) 4 4 + x. Sice the
More informationChapter 8 Complex Numbers
Chapte 8 Complex Numbes Motivatio: The ae used i a umbe of diffeet scietific aeas icludig: sigal aalsis, quatum mechaics, elativit, fluid damics, civil egieeig, ad chaos theo (factals. 8.1 Cocepts - Defiitio
More informationTHE ANALYSIS OF SOME MODELS FOR CLAIM PROCESSING IN INSURANCE COMPANIES
Please cite this atle as: Mhal Matalyck Tacaa Romaiuk The aalysis of some models fo claim pocessig i isuace compaies Scietif Reseach of the Istitute of Mathemats ad Compute Sciece 004 Volume 3 Issue pages
More informationThe Discrete Fourier Transform
(7) The Discete Fouie Tasfom The Discete Fouie Tasfom hat is Discete Fouie Tasfom (DFT)? (ote: It s ot DTFT discete-time Fouie tasfom) A liea tasfomatio (mati) Samples of the Fouie tasfom (DTFT) of a apeiodic
More informationSOME ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES OF OVERPARTITION K -TUPLES
#A17 INTEGERS 9 2009), 181-190 SOME ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES OF OVERPARTITION K -TUPLES Deick M. Keiste Depatmet of Mathematics, Pe State Uivesity, Uivesity Pak, PA 16802 dmk5075@psu.edu James A. Selles Depatmet
More informationANSWERS, HINTS & SOLUTIONS HALF COURSE TEST VII (Main)
AIITS-HT-VII-PM-JEE(Mai)-Sol./7 I JEE Advaced 06, FIITJEE Studets bag 6 i Top 00 AIR, 7 i Top 00 AIR, 8 i Top 00 AIR. Studets fom Log Tem lassoom/ Itegated School Pogam & Studets fom All Pogams have qualified
More informationBorn-Oppenheimer Approximation and Nonadiabatic Effects. Hans Lischka University of Vienna
Bo-Oppeheie Appoxiatio ad Noadiabatic Effects Has Lischa Uivesity of Viea Typical situatio. Fac-Codo excitatio fo the iiu of the goud state. Covetioal dyaics possibly M* ad TS 3. Coical itesectio fuel
More informationAppendix: The Laplace Transform
Appedix: The Laplace Trasform The Laplace trasform is a powerful method that ca be used to solve differetial equatio, ad other mathematical problems. Its stregth lies i the fact that it allows the trasformatio
More informationLecture 24: Observability and Constructibility
ectue 24: Obsevability ad Costuctibility 7 Obsevability ad Costuctibility Motivatio: State feedback laws deped o a kowledge of the cuet state. I some systems, xt () ca be measued diectly, e.g., positio
More informationOn a Problem of Littlewood
Ž. JOURAL OF MATHEMATICAL AALYSIS AD APPLICATIOS 199, 403 408 1996 ARTICLE O. 0149 O a Poblem of Littlewood Host Alze Mosbache Stasse 10, 51545 Waldbol, Gemay Submitted by J. L. Bee Received May 19, 1995
More informationProgression. CATsyllabus.com. CATsyllabus.com. Sequence & Series. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) n th term of an A.P.
Pogessio Sequece & Seies A set of umbes whose domai is a eal umbe is called a SEQUENCE ad sum of the sequece is called a SERIES. If a, a, a, a 4,., a, is a sequece, the the expessio a + a + a + a 4 + a
More informationMATHS FOR ENGINEERS ALGEBRA TUTORIAL 8 MATHEMATICAL PROGRESSIONS AND SERIES
MATHS FOR ENGINEERS ALGEBRA TUTORIAL 8 MATHEMATICAL PROGRESSIONS AND SERIES O completio of this ttoial yo shold be able to do the followig. Eplai aithmetical ad geometic pogessios. Eplai factoial otatio
More informationAIEEE 2004 (MATHEMATICS)
AIEEE 004 (MATHEMATICS) Impotat Istuctios: i) The test is of hous duatio. ii) The test cosists of 75 questios. iii) The maimum maks ae 5. iv) Fo each coect aswe you will get maks ad fo a wog aswe you will
More informationMinimization of the quadratic test function
Miimizatio of the quadatic test fuctio A quadatic fom is a scala quadatic fuctio of a vecto with the fom f ( ) A b c with b R A R whee A is assumed to be SPD ad c is a scala costat Note: A symmetic mati
More informationMATH Midterm Solutions
MATH 2113 - Midtem Solutios Febuay 18 1. A bag of mables cotais 4 which ae ed, 4 which ae blue ad 4 which ae gee. a How may mables must be chose fom the bag to guaatee that thee ae the same colou? We ca
More informationModelling rheological cone-plate test conditions
ANNUAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORDIC RHEOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. 16, 28 Modellig heological coe-plate test coditios Reida Bafod Schülle 1 ad Calos Salas-Bigas 2 1 Depatmet of Chemisty, Biotechology ad Food Sciece,
More informationSolutions to Homework 1
Solutios to Homework MATH 36. Describe geometrically the sets of poits z i the complex plae defied by the followig relatios /z = z () Re(az + b) >, where a, b (2) Im(z) = c, with c (3) () = = z z = z 2.
More informationSums of Involving the Harmonic Numbers and the Binomial Coefficients
Ameica Joual of Computatioal Mathematics 5 5 96-5 Published Olie Jue 5 i SciRes. http://www.scip.og/oual/acm http://dx.doi.og/.46/acm.5.58 Sums of Ivolvig the amoic Numbes ad the Biomial Coefficiets Wuyugaowa
More informationAdvanced Physical Geodesy
Supplemetal Notes Review of g Tems i Moitz s Aalytic Cotiuatio Method. Advaced hysical Geodesy GS887 Chistophe Jekeli Geodetic Sciece The Ohio State Uivesity 5 South Oval Mall Columbus, OH 4 7 The followig
More informationEVALUATION OF SUMS INVOLVING GAUSSIAN q-binomial COEFFICIENTS WITH RATIONAL WEIGHT FUNCTIONS
EVALUATION OF SUMS INVOLVING GAUSSIAN -BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS WITH RATIONAL WEIGHT FUNCTIONS EMRAH KILIÇ AND HELMUT PRODINGER Abstact We coside sums of the Gaussia -biomial coefficiets with a paametic atioal
More informationQuantum Mechanics Lecture Notes 10 April 2007 Meg Noah
The -Patice syste: ˆ H V This is difficut to sove. y V 1 ˆ H V 1 1 1 1 ˆ = ad with 1 1 Hˆ Cete of Mass ˆ fo Patice i fee space He Reative Haitoia eative coodiate of the tota oetu Pˆ the tota oetu tota
More informationEinstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road New Delhi , Ph. : ,
MB BINOMIAL THEOREM Biomial Epessio : A algebaic epessio which cotais two dissimila tems is called biomial epessio Fo eample :,,, etc / ( ) Statemet of Biomial theoem : If, R ad N, the : ( + ) = a b +
More informationKEY. Math 334 Midterm II Fall 2007 section 004 Instructor: Scott Glasgow
KEY Math 334 Midtem II Fall 7 sectio 4 Istucto: Scott Glasgow Please do NOT wite o this exam. No cedit will be give fo such wok. Rathe wite i a blue book, o o you ow pape, pefeably egieeig pape. Wite you
More informationFIXED POINT AND HYERS-ULAM-RASSIAS STABILITY OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTIONAL EQUATION IN BANACH SPACES
IJRRAS 6 () July 0 www.apapess.com/volumes/vol6issue/ijrras_6.pdf FIXED POINT AND HYERS-UAM-RASSIAS STABIITY OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTIONA EQUATION IN BANACH SPACES E. Movahedia Behbaha Khatam Al-Abia Uivesity
More informationRange Symmetric Matrices in Minkowski Space
BULLETIN of the Bull. alaysia ath. Sc. Soc. (Secod Seies) 3 (000) 45-5 LYSIN THETICL SCIENCES SOCIETY Rae Symmetic atices i ikowski Space.R. EENKSHI Depatmet of athematics, amalai Uivesity, amalaiaa 608
More informationThe type of limit that is used to find TANGENTS and VELOCITIES gives rise to the central idea in DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, the DERIVATIVE.
NOTES : LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES Name: Date: Period: Iitial: LESSON.1 THE TANGENT AND VELOCITY PROBLEMS Pre-Calculus Mathematics Limit Process Calculus The type of it that is used to fid TANGENTS ad VELOCITIES
More informationON EUCLID S AND EULER S PROOF THAT THE NUMBER OF PRIMES IS INFINITE AND SOME APPLICATIONS
Joual of Pue ad Alied Mathematics: Advaces ad Alicatios Volume 0 Numbe 03 Pages 5-58 ON EUCLID S AND EULER S PROOF THAT THE NUMBER OF PRIMES IS INFINITE AND SOME APPLICATIONS ALI H HAKAMI Deatmet of Mathematics
More informationphysicsandmathstutor.com
physicsadmathstuto.com 2. Solve (a) 5 = 8, givig you aswe to 3 sigificat figues, (b) log 2 ( 1) log 2 = log 2 7. (3) (3) 4 *N23492B0428* 3. (i) Wite dow the value of log 6 36. (ii) Epess 2 log a 3 log
More informationRelation (12.1) states that if two points belong to the convex subset Ω then all the points on the connecting line also belong to Ω.
Lectue 6. Poectio Opeato Deiitio A.: Subset Ω R is cove i [ y Ω R ] λ + λ [ y = z Ω], λ,. Relatio. states that i two poits belog to the cove subset Ω the all the poits o the coectig lie also belog to Ω.
More informationGeneralized Fibonacci-Lucas Sequence
Tuish Joual of Aalysis ad Numbe Theoy, 4, Vol, No 6, -7 Available olie at http://pubssciepubcom/tjat//6/ Sciece ad Educatio Publishig DOI:6/tjat--6- Geealized Fiboacci-Lucas Sequece Bijeda Sigh, Ompaash
More informationSHIFTED HARMONIC SUMS OF ORDER TWO
Commu Koea Math Soc 9 0, No, pp 39 55 http://dxdoiog/03/ckms0939 SHIFTED HARMONIC SUMS OF ORDER TWO Athoy Sofo Abstact We develop a set of idetities fo Eule type sums I paticula we ivestigate poducts of
More informationRECIPROCAL POWER SUMS. Anthony Sofo Victoria University, Melbourne City, Australia.
#A39 INTEGERS () RECIPROCAL POWER SUMS Athoy Sofo Victoia Uivesity, Melboue City, Austalia. athoy.sofo@vu.edu.au Received: /8/, Acceted: 6//, Published: 6/5/ Abstact I this ae we give a alteative oof ad
More informationMath 7409 Homework 2 Fall from which we can calculate the cycle index of the action of S 5 on pairs of vertices as
Math 7409 Hoewok 2 Fall 2010 1. Eueate the equivalece classes of siple gaphs o 5 vetices by usig the patte ivetoy as a guide. The cycle idex of S 5 actig o 5 vetices is 1 x 5 120 1 10 x 3 1 x 2 15 x 1
More informationECE Spring Prof. David R. Jackson ECE Dept. Notes 20
ECE 6341 Sprig 016 Prof. David R. Jackso ECE Dept. Notes 0 1 Spherical Wave Fuctios Cosider solvig ψ + k ψ = 0 i spherical coordiates z φ θ r y x Spherical Wave Fuctios (cot.) I spherical coordiates we
More informationj=1 dz Res(f, z j ) = 1 d k 1 dz k 1 (z c)k f(z) Res(f, c) = lim z c (k 1)! Res g, c = f(c) g (c)
Problem. Compute the itegrals C r d for Z, where C r = ad r >. Recall that C r has the couter-clockwise orietatio. Solutio: We will use the idue Theorem to solve this oe. We could istead use other (perhaps
More information( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Solved Examples. JEE Main/Boards = The total number of terms in the expansion are 8.
Mathematics. Solved Eamples JEE Mai/Boads Eample : Fid the coefficiet of y i c y y Sol: By usig fomula of fidig geeal tem we ca easily get coefficiet of y. I the biomial epasio, ( ) th tem is c T ( y )
More informationMATH Exam 1 Solutions February 24, 2016
MATH 7.57 Exam Solutios February, 6. Evaluate (A) l(6) (B) l(7) (C) l(8) (D) l(9) (E) l() 6x x 3 + dx. Solutio: D We perform a substitutio. Let u = x 3 +, so du = 3x dx. Therefore, 6x u() x 3 + dx = [
More informationStrong Result for Level Crossings of Random Polynomials
IOSR Joual of haacy ad Biological Scieces (IOSR-JBS) e-issn:78-8, p-issn:19-7676 Volue 11, Issue Ve III (ay - Ju16), 1-18 wwwiosjoualsog Stog Result fo Level Cossigs of Rado olyoials 1 DKisha, AK asigh
More informationContinuous Functions
Cotiuous Fuctios Q What does it mea for a fuctio to be cotiuous at a poit? Aswer- I mathematics, we have a defiitio that cosists of three cocepts that are liked i a special way Cosider the followig defiitio
More informationSome Properties of the K-Jacobsthal Lucas Sequence
Deepia Jhala et. al. /Iteatioal Joual of Mode Scieces ad Egieeig Techology (IJMSET) ISSN 349-3755; Available at https://www.imset.com Volume Issue 3 04 pp.87-9; Some Popeties of the K-Jacobsthal Lucas
More informationElectron states in a periodic potential. Assume the electrons do not interact with each other. Solve the single electron Schrodinger equation: KJ =
Electo states i a peiodic potetial Assume the electos do ot iteact with each othe Solve the sigle electo Schodige equatio: 2 F h 2 + I U ( ) Ψ( ) EΨ( ). 2m HG KJ = whee U(+R)=U(), R is ay Bavais lattice
More informationRegn. No. North Delhi : 33-35, Mall Road, G.T.B. Nagar (Opp. Metro Gate No. 3), Delhi-09, Ph: ,
. Sectio-A cotais 30 Multiple Choice Questios (MCQ). Each questio has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) ad (d), for its aswer, out of which ONLY ONE is correct. From Q. to Q.0 carries Marks ad Q. to Q.30 carries
More informationRecursion. Algorithm : Design & Analysis [3]
Recusio Algoithm : Desig & Aalysis [] I the last class Asymptotic gowth ate he Sets Ο, Ω ad Θ Complexity Class A Example: Maximum Susequece Sum Impovemet of Algoithm Compaiso of Asymptotic Behavio Aothe
More informationIt is often useful to approximate complicated functions using simpler ones. We consider the task of approximating a function by a polynomial.
Taylor Polyomials ad Taylor Series It is ofte useful to approximate complicated fuctios usig simpler oes We cosider the task of approximatig a fuctio by a polyomial If f is at least -times differetiable
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE UNIT 28 FURTHER MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNICIANS OUTCOME 2- ALGEBRAIC TECHNIQUES TUTORIAL 1 - PROGRESSIONS
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE UNIT 8 FURTHER MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNICIANS OUTCOME - ALGEBRAIC TECHNIQUES TUTORIAL - PROGRESSIONS CONTENTS Be able to apply algebaic techiques Aithmetic pogessio (AP): fist
More informationEXAMPLES. Leader in CBSE Coaching. Solutions of BINOMIAL THEOREM A.V.T.E. by AVTE (avte.in) Class XI
avtei EXAMPLES Solutios of AVTE by AVTE (avtei) lass XI Leade i BSE oachig 1 avtei SHORT ANSWER TYPE 1 Fid the th tem i the epasio of 1 We have T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Epad the followig (1 + ) 4 Put 1 y
More informationFAR FIELD SOLUTION OF SH-WAVE BY CIRCULAR INCLUSION AND LINEAR CRACK
The 4 th Wold Cofeece o Eathquake Egieeig Octobe -7, 8, Beijig, Chia FAR FIELD SOLUTION OF SH-WAVE BY CIRCULAR INCLUSION AND LINEAR CRACK HogLiag Li,GuoHui Wu, Associate Pofesso, Depatmet of Egieeig Mechaics,
More informationThe Pigeonhole Principle 3.4 Binomial Coefficients
Discete M athematic Chapte 3: Coutig 3. The Pigeohole Piciple 3.4 Biomial Coefficiets D Patic Cha School of Compute Sciece ad Egieeig South Chia Uivesity of Techology Ageda Ch 3. The Pigeohole Piciple
More information18.01 Calculus Jason Starr Fall 2005
Lecture 18. October 5, 005 Homework. Problem Set 5 Part I: (c). Practice Problems. Course Reader: 3G 1, 3G, 3G 4, 3G 5. 1. Approximatig Riema itegrals. Ofte, there is o simpler expressio for the atiderivative
More informationStrong Result for Level Crossings of Random Polynomials. Dipty Rani Dhal, Dr. P. K. Mishra. Department of Mathematics, CET, BPUT, BBSR, ODISHA, INDIA
Iteatioal Joual of Reseach i Egieeig ad aageet Techology (IJRET) olue Issue July 5 Available at http://wwwijetco/ Stog Result fo Level Cossigs of Rado olyoials Dipty Rai Dhal D K isha Depatet of atheatics
More informationLecture 2: Stress. 1. Forces Surface Forces and Body Forces
Lectue : Stess Geophysicists study pheomea such as seismicity, plate tectoics, ad the slow flow of ocks ad mieals called ceep. Oe way they study these pheomea is by ivestigatig the defomatio ad flow of
More informationLower Bounds for Cover-Free Families
Loe Bouds fo Cove-Fee Families Ali Z. Abdi Covet of Nazaeth High School Gade, Abas 7, Haifa Nade H. Bshouty Dept. of Compute Sciece Techio, Haifa, 3000 Apil, 05 Abstact Let F be a set of blocks of a t-set
More informationCALCULUS BASIC SUMMER REVIEW
CALCULUS BASIC SUMMER REVIEW NAME rise y y y Slope of a o vertical lie: m ru Poit Slope Equatio: y y m( ) The slope is m ad a poit o your lie is, ). ( y Slope-Itercept Equatio: y m b slope= m y-itercept=
More informationGround Rules. PC1221 Fundamentals of Physics I. Uniform Circular Motion, cont. Uniform Circular Motion (on Horizon Plane) Lectures 11 and 12
PC11 Fudametals of Physics I Lectues 11 ad 1 Cicula Motio ad Othe Applicatios of Newto s Laws D Tay Seg Chua 1 Goud Rules Switch off you hadphoe ad page Switch off you laptop compute ad keep it No talkig
More informationphysicsandmathstutor.com
physicsadmathstuto.com physicsadmathstuto.com Jue 005 5x 3 3. (a) Expess i patial factios. (x 3)( x ) (3) (b) Hece fid the exact value of logaithm. 6 5x 3 dx, givig you aswe as a sigle (x 3)( x ) (5) blak
More informationLOCUS OF THE CENTERS OF MEUSNIER SPHERES IN EUCLIDEAN 3-SPACE. 1. Introduction
LOCUS OF THE CENTERS OF MEUSNIER SPHERES IN EUCLIDEAN -SPACE Beyha UZUNOGLU, Yusuf YAYLI ad Ismail GOK Abstact I this study, we ivestigate the locus of the cetes of the Meusie sphees Just as focal cuve
More informationAssignment 1 : Real Numbers, Sequences. for n 1. Show that (x n ) converges. Further, by observing that x n+2 + x n+1
Assigmet : Real Numbers, Sequeces. Let A be a o-empty subset of R ad α R. Show that α = supa if ad oly if α is ot a upper boud of A but α + is a upper boud of A for every N. 2. Let y (, ) ad x (, ). Evaluate
More information2. Characteristics of Synchrotron Radiation
. Chaacteistics of Schoto Radiatio. Itoductio The adiatio i geeal is chaacteized b the followig tems: spectal age, photo flu, photo flu desit, billiace, ad the polaizatio. The photo flu is the oveall flu
More informationCfE Advanced Higher Mathematics Learning Intentions and Success Criteria BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3
Eempla Pape Specime Pape Pages Eempla Pape Specime Pape Pages Eempla Pape Specime Pape Pages Abedee Gamma School Mathematics Depatmet CfE Advaced Highe Mathematics Leaig Itetios ad Success Citeia BLOCK
More informationp-adic Invariant Integral on Z p Associated with the Changhee s q-bernoulli Polynomials
It. Joual of Math. Aalysis, Vol. 7, 2013, o. 43, 2117-2128 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hiai.com htt://dx.doi.og/10.12988/ima.2013.36166 -Adic Ivaiat Itegal o Z Associated with the Chaghee s -Beoulli Polyomials J.
More information( ) (( ) ) ANSWERS TO EXERCISES IN APPENDIX B. Section B.1 VECTORS AND SETS. Exercise B.1-1: Convex sets. are convex, , hence. and. (a) Let.
Joh Riley 8 Jue 03 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES IN APPENDIX B Sectio B VECTORS AND SETS Exercise B-: Covex sets (a) Let 0 x, x X, X, hece 0 x, x X ad 0 x, x X Sice X ad X are covex, x X ad x X The x X X, which
More informationThe z-transform. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 The z-transform Derivation of the z-transform: x[n] = z n LTI system, h[n] z = re j
The -Trasform 7. Itroductio Geeralie the complex siusoidal represetatio offered by DTFT to a represetatio of complex expoetial sigals. Obtai more geeral characteristics for discrete-time LTI systems. 7.
More informationMath 113, Calculus II Winter 2007 Final Exam Solutions
Math, Calculus II Witer 7 Fial Exam Solutios (5 poits) Use the limit defiitio of the defiite itegral ad the sum formulas to compute x x + dx The check your aswer usig the Evaluatio Theorem Solutio: I this
More informationFor this purpose, we need the following result:
9 Lectue Sigulities of omplex Fuctio A poit is clled sigulity of fuctio f ( z ) if f ( z ) is ot lytic t the poit. A sigulity is clled isolted sigulity of f ( z ), if f ( z ) is lytic i some puctued disk
More informationy = f x x 1. If f x = e 2x tan -1 x, then f 1 = e 2 2 e 2 p C e 2 D e 2 p+1 4
. If f = e ta -, the f = e e p e e p e p+ 4 f = e ta -, so f = e ta - + e, so + f = e p + e = e p + e or f = e p + 4. The slope of the lie taget to the curve - + = at the poit, - is - 5 Differetiate -
More informationFIR Filter Design: Part I
EEL3: Discrete-Time Sigals ad Systems FIR Filter Desig: Part I. Itroductio FIR Filter Desig: Part I I this set o otes, we cotiue our exploratio o the requecy respose o FIR ilters. First, we cosider some
More informationOn randomly generated non-trivially intersecting hypergraphs
O adomly geeated o-tivially itesectig hypegaphs Balázs Patkós Submitted: May 5, 009; Accepted: Feb, 010; Published: Feb 8, 010 Mathematics Subject Classificatio: 05C65, 05D05, 05D40 Abstact We popose two
More informationINVERSE CAUCHY PROBLEMS FOR NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL PARABOLIC EQUATIONS IN HILBERT SPACE
IJAS 6 (3 Febuay www.apapess.com/volumes/vol6issue3/ijas_6_3_.pdf INVESE CAUCH POBLEMS FO NONLINEA FACTIONAL PAABOLIC EQUATIONS IN HILBET SPACE Mahmoud M. El-Boai Faculty of Sciece Aleadia Uivesit Aleadia
More information(c) Write, but do not evaluate, an integral expression for the volume of the solid generated when R is
Calculus BC Fial Review Name: Revised 7 EXAM Date: Tuesday, May 9 Remiders:. Put ew batteries i your calculator. Make sure your calculator is i RADIAN mode.. Get a good ight s sleep. Eat breakfast. Brig:
More informationGRAVITATIONAL FORCE IN HYDROGEN ATOM
Fudametal Joual of Mode Physics Vol. 8, Issue, 015, Pages 141-145 Published olie at http://www.fdit.com/ GRAVITATIONAL FORCE IN HYDROGEN ATOM Uiesitas Pedidika Idoesia Jl DR Setyabudhi No. 9 Badug Idoesia
More informationLecture 6: October 16, 2017
Ifomatio ad Codig Theoy Autum 207 Lectue: Madhu Tulsiai Lectue 6: Octobe 6, 207 The Method of Types Fo this lectue, we will take U to be a fiite uivese U, ad use x (x, x 2,..., x to deote a sequece of
More informationChapter 4. Fourier Series
Chapter 4. Fourier Series At this poit we are ready to ow cosider the caoical equatios. Cosider, for eample the heat equatio u t = u, < (4.) subject to u(, ) = si, u(, t) = u(, t) =. (4.) Here,
More informationSolutions to quizzes Math Spring 2007
to quizzes Math 4- Sprig 7 Name: Sectio:. Quiz a) x + x dx b) l x dx a) x + dx x x / + x / dx (/3)x 3/ + x / + c. b) Set u l x, dv dx. The du /x ad v x. By Itegratio by Parts, x(/x)dx x l x x + c. l x
More information