Study of X-ray diagnostics for corium-sodium interaction during severe accident scenario
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1 Study of X-ray diagnostics for corium-sodium interaction during severe accident scenario PHENIICS Fest Orsay, 31 st May, 2017 Shifali SINGH DEN/DTN/SMTA/LPMA CEA, Cadarache Christophe Journeau Thesis Director Nathalie Cassiaut-Louis Supervisor
2 Study of X-ray diagnostics for corium-sodium interaction during severe accident scenario PHENIICS Fest Orsay, 31 st May, 2017 Agenda Context Research Objective Research Methodology Preliminary Results Shifali SINGH DEN/DTN/SMTA/LPMA CEA, Cadarache Future Work Christophe Journeau Thesis Director Nathalie Cassiaut-Louis Supervisor
3 Context In case of a severe nuclear accident, the fuel can melt forming hot corium!!! What is corium? Hot (~ 3000 K) molten material issuing from degraded core Consists of: Nuclear fuel, fission products, control rod and structural material Accidental scenario in a nuclear reactor PAGE 2
4 Context In case of a severe nuclear accident, the fuel can melt forming hot corium!!! What is corium? Hot (~ 3000 K) molten material issuing from degraded core Consists of: Nuclear fuel, fission products, control rod and structural material Thermal Reactors Interacting coolant: Water Corium-water interaction Accidental scenario in a nuclear reactor Fast Reactors Interacting coolant: Sodium Corium-sodium interaction PAGE 2
5 Context In case of a severe nuclear accident, the fuel can melt forming hot corium!!! What is corium? Hot (~ 3000 K) molten material issuing from degraded core Consists of: Nuclear fuel, fission products, control rod and structural material Thermal Reactors Interacting coolant: Water Corium-water interaction Accidental scenario in a nuclear reactor Fast Reactors Interacting coolant: Sodium Corium-sodium interaction These interaction can lead to vapor explosions which can impact the reactor integrity Study of these interactions are very important!!! PAGE 2
6 Context Corium-water interaction studies: Stable vapor film formed around fragments Characteristic size of particles: 2-3 mm Test facility at CEA-CAD: PLINIUS (KROTOS) Corium-water interaction up to steam explosions Corium mass: 5-8 kg Water temperature: 60 C PAGE 3
7 Context Corium-water interaction studies: Stable vapor film formed around fragments Characteristic size of particles: 2-3 mm Test facility at CEA-CAD: PLINIUS (KROTOS) Corium-water interaction up to steam explosions Corium mass: 5-8 kg Water temperature: 60 C KROTOS facility High energy X ray source of Linatron (9 MeV). Detector: GADOX High sensitive CCD camera: 100 fps. PAGE 3
8 Context Corium-water interaction studies: Stable vapor film formed around fragments Characteristic size of particles: 2-3 mm Test facility at CEA-CAD: PLINIUS (KROTOS) Corium-water interaction up to steam explosions Corium mass: 5-8 kg Water temperature: 60 C How to visualize/study this interaction?? X-ray radioscopy system: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the three phase distribution (Molten corium-water-steam) Image Processing algorithm: KIWI (KROTOS Image analysis for Water Corium Interaction) KROTOS facility High energy X ray source of Linatron (9 MeV). Detector: GADOX High sensitive CCD camera: 100 fps. PAGE 3
9 Context Corium-sodium interaction studies: Film is difficult to establish in sodium Characteristic size of particles: ~100 μm Test facility at CEA-CAD: PLINIUS-2 (under construction, expected commissioning-2021) Corium-sodium interaction up to vapor explosion Corium mass: 50 to 500 kg Sodium temperature: 400 to 850 C PAGE 4
10 Context Corium-sodium interaction studies: Film is difficult to establish in sodium Characteristic size of particles: ~100 μm Test facility at CEA-CAD: PLINIUS-2 (under construction, expected commissioning-2021) Corium-sodium interaction up to vapor explosion Corium mass: 50 to 500 kg Sodium temperature: 400 to 850 C PLINIUS-2 corium-sodium facility High energy X ray source of Linatron (15 MeV). Detector: Gadox 4 CMOS camera: 100 fps. PAGE 4
11 Context Corium-sodium interaction studies: Film is difficult to establish in sodium Characteristic size of particles: ~100 μm Test facility at CEA-CAD: PLINIUS-2 (under construction, expected commissioning-2021) Corium-sodium interaction up to vapor explosion Corium mass: 50 to 500 kg Sodium temperature: 400 to 850 C Lack of knowledge of the corium-sodium interaction phenomenology!! How to visualize/study this interaction?? X-ray radioscopy system:?? Image Processing algorithm:?? PLINIUS-2 corium-sodium facility High energy X ray source of Linatron (15 MeV). Detector: Gadox 4 CMOS camera: 100 fps. PAGE 4
12 Research Objective Learn From Corium-water interaction Apply to Corium-sodium interaction
13 Research Objective Learn From Corium-water interaction Apply to Corium-sodium interaction Learn From Existing X-ray imaging system of KROTOS Develop A new X-ray imaging system for PLINIUS-2
14 Research Objective Learn From Corium-water interaction Apply to Corium-sodium interaction Learn From Existing X-ray imaging system of KROTOS Develop A new X-ray imaging system for PLINIUS-2 Learn From Existing Image Processing algorithm: KIWI Develop A new Image Processing software for PLINIUS-2 PAGE 5
15 Research Objective Foreseen X-ray radiography in PLINIUS-2 PAGE 6
16 Research Objective Foreseen X-ray radiography in PLINIUS-2 Difficulties Extreme fine fragmentation of corium in sodium, i.e. ~100 µm Resolution of KROTOS X-ray imaging system for water (available) is 3 mm High temperature range of sodium PAGE 6
17 Research Methodology Modelling Bibliography: State of the art Software development & validation PAGE 7
18 Bibliography: state of the art Literature study of the past experiments with sodium-corium: Statistics of debris particles formed by interaction b/w UO2 and Na PAGE 8
19 Bibliography: state of the art Statistical analysis of the past experiments using R studio: UO 2 melt Sodium interaction [700 C] [Betulla-1-JRC ISPRA Schins, 1985] Metal melt- Sodium interaction [600 C] [ANL-T6 Gabor, 1988] PAGE 9
20 Bibliography: state of the art Statistical analysis of the past experiments using R studio: UO 2 melt Sodium interaction [700 C] [Betulla-1-JRC ISPRA Schins, 1985] Metal melt- Sodium interaction [600 C] [ANL-T6 Gabor, 1988] Probability density function of the particle size distribution PAGE 9
21 Bibliography: state of the art Statistical analysis of the past experiments using R studio: UO 2 melt Sodium interaction [700 C] [Betulla-1-JRC ISPRA Schins, 1985] Size!! Metal melt- Sodium interaction [600 C] [ANL-T6 Gabor, 1988] Size!! Probability density function of the particle size distribution PAGE 9
![interaction [700 C] [Betulla-1-JRC ISPRA Schins, 1985]](/docs-images/93/111380524/images/22-5.jpg "Shape: Angular outline Shape Metal melt- Sodium")
![interaction [600 C] [ANL-T6 Gabor, 1988] Shape: Smooth &](/docs-images/93/111380524/images/22-6.jpg "spherical Probability density function of the particle")
22 Bibliography: state of the art Statistical analysis of the past experiments using R studio: Shape UO 2 melt Sodium interaction [700 C] [Betulla-1-JRC ISPRA Schins, 1985] Shape: Angular outline Shape Metal melt- Sodium interaction [600 C] [ANL-T6 Gabor, 1988] Shape: Smooth & spherical Probability density function of the particle size distribution PAGE 9
23 Modelling Phantom?? Represents corium fragments with similar attenuation properties. Sample phantoms PAGE 10
24 Modelling Phantom?? Represents corium fragments with similar attenuation properties. Simulate the phantoms with the MODHERATO code (MOdélisation des Détecteurs Hautes Energies pour la RAdiographie et TOmographie) (Cad/LMN tool) Sample phantoms PAGE 10
25 Modelling Phantom?? Represents corium fragments with similar attenuation properties. Simulate the phantoms with the MODHERATO code (MOdélisation des Détecteurs Hautes Energies pour la RAdiographie et TOmographie) (Cad/LMN tool) Sample phantoms MODHERATO Image PAGE 10
26 Modelling Phantom?? Represents corium fragments with similar attenuation properties. Simulate the phantoms with the MODHERATO code (MOdélisation des Détecteurs Hautes Energies pour la RAdiographie et TOmographie) (Cad/LMN tool) Study the detection limit of MODHERATO: Sample phantoms MODHERATO Image PAGE 10
27 Modelling Phantom?? Represents corium fragments with similar attenuation properties. Simulate the phantoms with the MODHERATO code (MOdélisation des Détecteurs Hautes Energies pour la RAdiographie et TOmographie) (Cad/LMN tool) Study the detection limit of MODHERATO: Sample phantoms MODHERATO Image Contrast Image (using IMAGEJ) PAGE 10
28 Modelling Phantom?? Represents corium fragments with similar attenuation properties. Simulate the phantoms with the MODHERATO code (MOdélisation des Détecteurs Hautes Energies pour la RAdiographie et TOmographie) (Cad/LMN tool) Study the detection limit of MODHERATO: Sample phantoms MODHERATO Image Contrast/Noise ratio > 5 Detection limit: 5 mm!! Contrast Image (using IMAGEJ) PAGE 10
29 Modelling Phantoms of size D= 5.5 mm in MODHERATO MODHERATO Image Contrast Image
30 Modelling Phantoms of size D= 5.5 mm in MODHERATO Atomic fraction of Corium in corium-sodium mixture Density of the mixture (g/cm3) Contrast / Noise ratio 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% MODHERATO Image Contrast Image
31 Modelling Phantoms of size D= 5.5 mm in MODHERATO Atomic fraction of Corium in corium-sodium mixture Density of the mixture (g/cm3) Contrast / Noise ratio 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Contrast/Noise ratio > 5 MODHERATO Image Contrast Image Clearly distinguishable!
32 Modelling Phantoms of size D= 5.5 mm in MODHERATO Atomic fraction of Corium in corium-sodium mixture Density of the mixture (g/cm3) Contrast / Noise ratio 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% MODHERATO Image Contrast Image Contrast/Noise ratio > 5 Clearly distinguishable! Phantoms of size D= 10 mm in MODHERATO MODHERATO Image Contrast Image
33 Modelling Phantoms of size D= 5.5 mm in MODHERATO Atomic fraction of Corium in corium-sodium mixture Density of the mixture (g/cm3) Contrast / Noise ratio 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% MODHERATO Image Contrast Image Contrast/Noise ratio > 5 Clearly distinguishable! Phantoms of size D= 10 mm in MODHERATO Atomic fraction of Corium in corium-sodium mixture Density of the mixture (g/cm3) Contrast / Noise ratio 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% MODHERATO Image Contrast Image Clearly distinguishable!
34 Modelling Designing and manufacturing of phantoms 9 cm 30 cm Plate of SS in polyethylene Plate of void in polyethylene SS : corium void : sodium vapor polyethylene : sodium liquid Cloud of small particles PAGE 12
35 Software development and Validation Experiment with phantoms to obtain radiographic images Experimental configuration for physical simulation PAGE 13
36 Software development and Validation Experiment with phantoms to obtain radiographic images Experimental configuration for physical simulation Available LINAC at present: 9 MeV (from KROTOS facility) Available detector and high sensitive CCD camera (from KROTOS facility) Available test section: KROTOS Manufactured phantoms can be placed in the KROTOS test section to study the static and dynamic phenomenon with the phantoms. PAGE 13
37 Software development and Validation Software Development: KIWI s equivalent for sodiumcorium interaction (in MATLAB) PAGE 14
38 Software development and Validation Software Development: KIWI s equivalent for sodiumcorium interaction (in MATLAB) Block Diagram showing the code structure PAGE 14
39 Software development and Validation Software Development: KIWI s equivalent for sodiumcorium interaction (in MATLAB) Block Diagram showing the code structure The developed software will then be validated on the images obtained from the experiment with the phantoms. PAGE 14
40 Work Timeline Third Year Second Year Experiment Software validation First Year Bibliography Modelling phantoms with MODHERATO Designing & manufacturing phantoms Image processing & analysis software Years PAGE 15
41 Thank you for your attention PAGE 16 Commissariat à l énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Centre de Cadarache Saint Paul Lez Durance DEN/CAD/DTN/SMTA/LPMA BAT, 708 T. +33 (0) F. +33 (0) Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial R.C.S Paris B Direction de l énergie nucléaire Département de Technologie Nucléaire Service Mesures et Modélisation des Transferts et des Accidents graves Laboratoire de Physique et de modélisation des Accidents
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