Supplementary Material. Concerted anatomical change associated with crassulacean acid metabolism in the Bromeliaceae

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1 /FP17071_AC CSIRO 2018 Supplementary Material: Functional Plant Biology, 2018, 45(7), Supplementary Material Concerted anatomical change associated with crassulacean acid metabolism in the Bromeliaceae Jamie Males Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Table S1. Source of plant material or cross-sectional images for all bromeliad species used in this investigation Genus Species Reference/Collection Acanthostachys strobilacea Proença and Sajo 2007 Aechmea alba Faria et al Aechmea bromeliifolia var albobracteata Faria et al Aechmea bromeliifolia var bromeliifolia Faria et al Aechmea capixabae Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Aechmea carvalhoi Faria et al Aechmea castanea Sousa et al Aechmea conifera Sousa et al Aechmea corymbosa Aoyama and Sajo 2003

2 Aechmea digitata Sousa et al Aechmea fasciata CUBG Aechmea glandulosa Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Aechmea hostilis Sousa et al Aechmea lamarchei Faria et al Aechmea leucolepis Sousa et al Aechmea maasii Faria et al Aechmea perforata Sousa et al Aechmea racinae Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Aechmea rodriguesiana Sousa et al Aechmea rubens Horres et al Aechmea saxicola Sousa et al Aechmea triangularis Faria et al Aechmea victoriana var discolor Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Aechmea warasii Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Aechmea weberbaueri Horres et al Aechmea weilbachii Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Alcantarea burle-marxii Versieux et al Alcantarea duarteana Versieux et al Alcantarea extensa Versieux et al Alcantarea farneyi Versieux et al. 2010

3 Alcantarea geniculata Versieux et al Alcantarea glaziouana Versieux et al Alcantarea nahoumii Versieux et al Alcantarea nigripetala Versieux et al Alcantarea patriae Versieux et al Alcantarea roberto-kautskyi Versieux et al Alcantarea trepida Versieux et al Alcantarea vinicolor Versieux et al Ananas comosus RBGK Araeococcus micranthus Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Araeococcus parviflorus Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Billbergia distachia Proença and Sajo 2007 Billbergia euphemiae Pereira et al Billbergia porteana Proença and Sajo 2007 Bromelia antiacantha Pereira et al Bromelia arenaria Monteiro et al Bromelia balansae Proença and Sajo 2007 Bromelia binotii Monteiro et al Bromelia goyazensis Monteiro et al Bromelia humilis CUBG Bromelia morreniana Monteiro et al. 2011

4 Bromelia reversacantha Monteiro et al Bromelia scarlatina Monteiro et al Catopsis berteroniana Palací et al Catopsis floribunda Palací et al Catopsis juncifolia Palací et al Catopsis morreniana Palací et al Catopsis nitida Palací et al Catopsis paniculata Palací et al Catopsis sessiliflora Palací et al Cryptanthus acaulis CUBG Cryptanthus bivittatus CUBG Deuterocohnia brevifolia CUBG Deuterocohnia lorentziana CUBG Deuterocohnia meziana RBGE Deuterocohnia scapigera Santos-Silva et al Dyckia bracteata Santos-Silva et al Dyckia choristaminea RBGE Dyckia rariflora RBGE Dyckia remotiflora CUBG Dyckia tuberosa Proença and Sajo 2007 Encholirium pedicellatum Forzza 2005

5 Fascicularia bicolor CUBG Fosterella albicans Horres et al Fosterella chiquitana Rex et al Fosterella cotacajensis Rex et al Guzmania claviformis Medeiros 2015 Guzmania lingulata CUBG Guzmania monostachia CUBG Guzmania paniculata Medeiros 2015 Guzmania retusa Medeiros 2015 Guzmania sanguinea Medeiros 2015 Guzmania ventricosa Casañas Suárez and Jáuregui 2011 Guzmania wittmackii RBGE Lutheria glutinosa CUBG Lutheria splendens CUBG Lymania corallina Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Lymania globosa Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Mezobromelia capituligera Medeiros 2015 Mezobromelia pleiosticha Gomes-da-Silva et al Ochagavia carnea CUBG Ochagavia elegans CUBG Ochagavia litoralis RBGE

6 Pitcairnia cristalinensis Santos-Silva et al Pitcairnia encholirioides Santos-Silva et al Pitcairnia imbricata CUBG Pitcairnia integrifolia CUBG Pitcairnia paniculata MSBG Pitcairnia xanthocalyx CUBG Puya alpestris CUBG Puya chilensis CUBG Puya mirabilis CUBG Puya venusta CUBG Quesnelia arvensis Mantovani et al Quesnelia edmundoi Mantovani et al Quesnelia seideliana Mantovani et al Quesnelia strobilispica Pereira et al Racinaea aerisincola Gomes-da-Silva et al Racinaea dyeriana CUBG Ronnbergia neoregelioides Aoyama and Sajo 2003 Tillandsia balbisiana Loeschen et al Tillandsia bergeri Loeschen et al Tillandsia brachycaulos CUBG Tillandsia bulbosa CUBG

7 Tillandsia butzii CUBG Tillandsia caput-medusae CUBG Tillandsia complanata Leoni 3022 Tillandsia fasciculata Loeschen et al Tillandsia gardneri Scatena and Segecin 2005 Tillandsia geminiflora Scatena and Segecin 2005 Tillandsia harrisii MSBG Tillandsia ionantha Loeschen et al Tillandsia juncea CUBG Tillandsia leiboldiana CUBG Tillandsia linearis Scatena and Segecin 2005 Tillandsia lithophila RBGE Tillandsia loliacea Proença and Sajo 2007 Tillandsia mallemontii Scatena and Segecin 2005 Tillandsia malzinei Gomes-da-Silva et al Tillandsia paleacea Loeschen et al Tillandsia paucifolia Loeschen et al Tillandsia pohliana Proença and Sajo 2007 Tillandsia polystachia Gomes-da-Silva et al Tillandsia recurvata Loeschen et al Tillandsia schiedeana Loeschen et al. 1993

8 Tillandsia setacea Loeschen et al Tillandsia stricta Scatena and Segecin 2005 Tillandsia tenuifolia Proença and Sajo 2007 Tillandsia usneoides Loeschen et al Tillandsia utriculata Loeschen et al Tillandsia valenzuelana Loeschen et al Tillandsia xerographica RBGE Vriesea arachnoidea Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea biguassuensis Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea bituminosa Arruda and da Costa 2003 Vriesea carinata Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea corcovadensis Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea correia-araujoi Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea erythrodactylon RBGE Vriesea fenestralis CUBG Vriesea flammea Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea fosteriana Arruda and da Costa 2003 Vriesea gigantea CUBG Vriesea guttata CUBG Vriesea incurvata RBGE Vriesea lubbersii Gomes-da-Silva et al. 2012

9 Vriesea microrachis Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea neoglutinosa Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea poenulata Gomes-da-Silva et al Vriesea rubens Gomes-da-Silva et al Werauhia sanguinolenta CUBG Werauhia viridiflora RBGE Wittrockia gigantea Pereira et al Table S2. Mean anatomical parameters for all bromeliad species used in this investigation NA = data not applicable or not measured Genus Species Subfamily Photosynthetic pathway d (μm) LT (μm) H (μm) C (μm) C: H IAS (%) A (μm) Acanthostachy s strobilacea Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea alba Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea bromeliifolia var albobracteata Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea bromeliifolia var bromeliifolia Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea capixabae Bromelioideae CAM NA

10 Aechmea carvalhoi Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea castanea Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea conifera Bromelioideae CAM NA NA NA Aechmea corymbosa Bromelioideae CAM NA NA NA NA Aechmea digitata Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea fasciata Bromelioideae CAM Aechmea glandulosa Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea hostilis Bromelioideae CAM NA NA Aechmea lamarchei Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea leucolepis Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea maasii Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea perforata Bromelioideae CAM NA NA Aechmea racinae Bromelioideae CAM NA NA NA

11 Aechmea rodriguesiana Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea rubens Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea saxicola Bromelioideae CAM NA NA Aechmea triangularis Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea victoriana var discolor Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea warasii Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea weberbaueri Bromelioideae CAM NA Aechmea weilbachii Bromelioideae CAM NA Alcantarea burle-marxii Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea duarteana Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea extensa Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea farneyi Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea geniculata Tillandsioideae C NA

12 Alcantarea glaziouana Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea nahoumii Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea nigripetala Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea patriae Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea roberto-kautskyi Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea trepida Tillandsioideae C NA Alcantarea vinicolor Tillandsioideae C NA Ananas comosus Bromelioideae CAM Araeococcus micranthus Bromelioideae CAM NA Araeococcus parviflorus Bromelioideae CAM NA Billbergia distachia Bromelioideae CAM NA Billbergia euphemiae Bromelioideae C NA Billbergia porteana Bromelioideae CAM NA NA

13 Bromelia antiacantha Bromelioideae CAM NA Bromelia arenaria Bromelioideae CAM NA Bromelia balansae Bromelioideae CAM NA Bromelia binotii Bromelioideae CAM NA Bromelia goyazensis Bromelioideae CAM NA Bromelia humilis Bromelioideae CAM Bromelia morreniana Bromelioideae CAM NA Bromelia reversacantha Bromelioideae CAM NA Bromelia scarlatina Bromelioideae CAM NA Catopsis berteroniana Tillandsioideae C Catopsis floribunda Tillandsioideae C Catopsis juncifolia Tillandsioideae C NA NA

14 Catopsis morreniana Tillandsioideae C Catopsis nitida Tillandsioideae C NA NA Catopsis paniculata Tillandsioideae C NA Catopsis sessiliflora Tillandsioideae C NA NA Cryptanthus acaulis Bromelioideae CAM Cryptanthus bivittatus Bromelioideae CAM Deuterocohnia brevifolia Pitcairnioideae CAM Deuterocohnia lorentziana Pitcairnioideae CAM Deuterocohnia meziana Pitcairnioideae CAM NA Deuterocohnia scapigera Pitcairnioideae CAM NA NA Dyckia bracteata Pitcairnioideae CAM NA

15 Dyckia choristaminea Pitcairnioideae CAM NA Dyckia rariflora Pitcairnioideae CAM NA Dyckia remotiflora Pitcairnioideae CAM Dyckia tuberosa Pitcairnioideae CAM NA Encholirium pedicellatum Pitcairnioideae CAM NA NA Fascicularia bicolor Bromelioideae C NA Fosterella albicans Pitcairnioideae C NA Fosterella chiquitana Pitcairnioideae C NA Fosterella cotacajensis Pitcairnioideae C NA Guzmania claviformis Tillandsioideae C NA Guzmania lingulata Tillandsioideae C Guzmania monostachia Tillandsioideae C3-CAM

16 Guzmania paniculata Tillandsioideae C NA Guzmania retusa Tillandsioideae C NA Guzmania sanguinea Tillandsioideae C NA Guzmania ventricosa Tillandsioideae C NA Guzmania wittmackii Tillandsioideae C NA Lutheria glutinosa Tillandsioideae C Lutheria splendens Tillandsioideae C Lymania corallina Bromelioideae CAM NA NA Lymania globosa Bromelioideae CAM NA Mezobromelia capituligera Tillandsioideae C NA Mezobromelia pleiosticha Tillandsioideae C NA Ochagavia carnea Bromelioideae C NA NA

17 Ochagavia elegans Bromelioideae C NA Ochagavia litoralis Bromelioideae C NA NA Pitcairnia cristalinensis Pitcairnioideae C NA Pitcairnia encholirioides Pitcairnioideae C NA Pitcairnia imbricata Pitcairnioideae C Pitcairnia integrifolia Pitcairnioideae C Pitcairnia paniculata Pitcairnioideae C NA Pitcairnia xanthocalyx Pitcairnioideae C Puya alpestris Puyoideae C NA Puya chilensis Puyoideae C3-CAM NA

18 Puya mirabilis Puyoideae C NA Puya venusta Puyoideae CAM NA Quesnelia arvensis Bromelioideae CAM NA Quesnelia edmundoi Bromelioideae CAM NA Quesnelia seideliana Bromelioideae CAM NA Quesnelia strobilispica Bromelioideae CAM NA Racinaea aerisincola Tillandsioideae C NA Racinaea dyeriana Tillandsioideae C Ronnbergia neoregelioides Bromelioideae NA NA Tillandsia balbisiana Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA Tillandsia bergeri Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA NA NA Tillandsia brachycaulos Tillandsioideae CAM NA

19 Tillandsia bulbosa Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia butzii Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia caput-medusae Tillandsioideae CAM Tillandsia complanata Tillandsioideae C NA NA Tillandsia fasciculata Tillandsioideae CAM Tillandsia gardneri Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA Tillandsia geminiflora Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia harrisii Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia ionantha Tillandsioideae CAM Tillandsia juncea Tillandsioideae CAM NA

20 Tillandsia leiboldiana Tillandsioideae C Tillandsia linearis Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia lithophila Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA Tillandsia loliacea Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA NA NA Tillandsia mallemontii Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA NA Tillandsia malzinei Tillandsioideae C NA Tillandsia paleacea Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA Tillandsia paucifolia Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia pohliana Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia polystachia Tillandsioideae CAM Tillandsia recurvata Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA Tillandsia schiedeana Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA

21 Tillandsia setacea Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA Tillandsia stricta Tillandsioideae CAM Tillandsia tenuifolia Tillandsioideae CAM NA Tillandsia usneoides Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA NA NA Tillandsia utriculata Tillandsioideae CAM Tillandsia valenzuelana Tillandsioideae CAM NA NA Tillandsia xerographica Tillandsioideae CAM NA Vriesea arachnoidea Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea biguassuensis Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea bituminosa Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea carinata Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea corcovadensis Tillandsioideae C NA

22 Vriesea correia-araujoi Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea erythrodactylon Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea fenestralis Tillandsioideae C Vriesea flammea Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea fosteriana Tillandsioideae C Vriesea gigantea Tillandsioideae C Vriesea guttata Tillandsioideae C Vriesea incurvata Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea lubbersii Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea microrachis Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea neoglutinosa Tillandsioideae C NA Vriesea poenulata Tillandsioideae C NA

23 Vriesea rubens Tillandsioideae C NA Werauhia sanguinolenta Tillandsioideae C Werauhia viridiflora Tillandsioideae C NA Wittrockia gigantea Bromelioideae CAM NA References Aoyama EM, Sajo MG (2003) Leaf structure of Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. Subgenus Lamprococcus (Beer) Baker and related species (Bromeliaceae). Revista Brasileira de Botánica 26, Arruda RCO, da Costa AF (2003) Foliar anatomy of five Vriesea sect. Xiphion (Bromeliaceae) species. Selbyana 24, Casañas Suárez OL, Jáuregui D (2011). Foliar morphoanatomy of epiphytes of a cloud forest, Altos de Pipe, estado Miranda, Venezuela. Acta Botánica Venezuélica 34, Faria APG, Vieira ACM, Wendt T (2012) Leaf anatomy and its contribution to the systematics of Aechmea subgenus Macrochordion (de Vriese) Baker (Bromeliaceae). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 84, Forzza RC (2005) Revisão taxonômica de Encholirium Mart. Ex Schult. & Schult.f. (Pitcairnioideae- Bromeliaeae). Boletim de Botánica, Universidade de São Paulo 23, 1 49.

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