J. den Hollander. braun mit ziegelfarbigem Wurzel. Rüekenschild lichtbraun, in den Seiten mit weissgelbem

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1 Bulletin Zoologisch Museum S3 NIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM n Vol. 4 No Tipula Tipula) plumbea Fabricius, 1781: designation a neotype J. den Hollander Abstract braun mit ziegelfarbigem Wurzel. Schnauze braun. Tipula Tipula) plumbea Fabricius, 1781, is redescribed and a is neotype designated. The position this species in the subgenus Tipula is discussed. Rüekenschild lichtbraun, in den Seiten mit weissgelbem Striche. Schwinger ziegelroth, an der Wurzel rötlichgelb, an der Spitze bräunlich. Hinterleib an der Basis blass rötlichgelb und ein gleichfarbiger Strich an der Seiten. INTRODUCTION Flügel graulich, braunnervig, am Vorderrande ziegelbraun". On the basis this description, Mannheims plumbea has been described by Fabricius 1781): 0) concludes that plumbea belongs to the "Corpus medium totum cinero fuscus f. plumbeum. oleracea group the genus Tipula Linnaeus, Antennae nigrae. Alae albae costa exteriori ner At that time, the type plumbea in the collection Fabricius was completely lost. visque nigris. Pedis nigri femoribus basi testaceis". This species is mentioned by Meigen I8l8), Zimsen 164) supposes "that the Diptera collec but at that time the type specimen Fabricius tion Fabricius was spoiled even at the begin was already heavily mutilated. Meigen gives the ning the last century, since many authors at following description the remainings "...bei that time mention its miserable condition". Con nahe so gross wie Tip. oleracea. Fühler schwarz cerning plumbea she states Tipula plumbea

Kiel In the collection Dr. F. Hartig, Bolzano. 54 Spec. Ins. II p. 403. in Italia D. Allioni Fabricius got his plumbea from Carlo Allio Syst. Ent. 1805 p. 28. 23) only the name ni Turin, Italy).

2 Kiel In the collection Dr. F. Hartig, Bolzano. 54 Spec. Ins. II p in Italia D. Allioni Fabricius got his plumbea from Carlo Allio Syst. Ent p ) only the name ni Turin, Italy). Now, czizeki has been found in Italy only in Bolzano Tirol). The aberrant specimens under study, however, have been found amongst others in Grimaud France, Var) which is label". Furthermore, she states that the collection Carlo Allioni was placed in the Zoological Museum the University in Turin; this collection, however, was destroyed by fire. much closer to Turin than to Bolzano. So, at this moment, the species cannot be stud Although the possibility continues to exist that ied anymore and, therefore, no certainty can be plumbea described by Fabricius 1781) and Mei obtained concerning its status. gen I8l8) is a synonym czizeki, I prefer OBSERVATIONS to use the name plumbea for the present specimens rather than to erect a new species. Because great norosnclatorial confusion with regard to While studying material the subgenus Tipula, present in the Institute Taxonomic Zoology Zoological Museum), department Entomology, the species the subgenus Tipula De Jong, 125; Mannheims, 0; Hemmingsen, I60), caused by the large similarity between the species concerned, University Amsterdam, several specimens this it may be more convenient to revalidate a hither subgenus were noted which could not be arranged under the species given by Mannheims 0). to obscure species name rather than to create a new species name. ïhese specimens showed some similarity to ole Therefore the aberrant specimens studied are racea Linnaeus, 1758, kleinschmidti Mannheims, referred to plumbea, which species now a 0, and czizeki De Jong, 125, as regards neotype is designated. their size, general colouration, the colour the antennae and the wing colouration. In these MATERIAL EXAMINED characters the specimens came most close to czizeki, especially on the basis the colour Neotype : 1 J,Sardegna merid., Musei, 120 m, 20 X1T2, leg. F. Hartig. Coll.Hartig, Instituto the first flagellar segjnent. In the specimens di Entomologia, Bolzano). mentioned above as well as in czizeki this Paraneotypes: segment is, whereas it is yellowish in In the collection the Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam. southern Sardinia, Musei, 120 m, 172, oleracea and dark yellow to in klein leg. F. Hartig: IX), 2, 1? 11 X), 7 <$ 20X), 1 d, 3 3XX), 1 6 Xl); Sardinia, Siniscola, 172, leg. R. Prota: 1 <3 12X), X); Sardinia, Tempio Sassari), 166, leg. R. Prota: 1 10X); Sardinia, Aritze Su Pranu, 167, leg. R. Prota: 2 à 1X); France Var), Grimaud, 171, leg. B.J. Lempke 8c K. Straatman: schmidti. However, the male hypopygium appeared to be very different from that the species mentioned above. In this.character the specimens were more similar to mediterranea Lackschewitz, 130 fig. 1). In addition, the aberrant specimens could be distinguished from the other X) ; Greece Kiklades), Dilos, 17 1», leg. A.C. & W.N. Ellis: IV). species the subgenus Tipula by the distance between the eyes beneath the head and, to some southern Sardinia, Musei, 120 m, 172, leg. F. Hartig: 1 <5,1 20X). extent, by the absolute wing length expressed In the collection Dr. R. Prota, Sardinia. Sardinia, Siniscola, 172, leg. R. Prota: 1 in the length the cubitus) table I). These 10XI), 1 6 1UXI). data show that the specimens under study belong to a different species. DESCRIPTION The descriptions Pabricius 1781) and Meigen I8l8) plumbea are not in contradistinction with the characteristics the specimens concerned. Furthermore, the description Meigen l8l8) seems to refer to the aberrant spec plumbea is very similar, in general appearance, to mediterranea, oleracea, kleinschmidti and czizeki. It is coloured somewhat imens under study rather than to czizeki, be darker than mediterranea,i which is more yellow cause the colour the basal segment the ish, whereas plumbea is more greyish, like the antennae which is more greyish in czizeki than other species mentioned. plumbea shows similar in both plumbea and the aberrant specimens. body sizes as oleracea, kleinschmidti and

3 . mediterranea, 55 czizeki, being somewhat smaller than medi Three other species occur throughout northern terranea. The first segment the antenna total and western Europe oleracea, paludosa and 13 segments) is greyish yellow coloured, like in czizeki. In the other species this segjnent is czizeki ) The. remaining species the subgenus Tipula T more yellowish coloured. The second segment italica Lackschewitz, plumbea, the antenna is yellow, similar to the other spe orientalis Lackschewitz) occur around the Mediterranean Lackschewitz, 130; cies the subgenus Tipula. In both males and Mannheims, 0, 162). females, the antennal flagellum is entirely. A similar colouration the antennal flagellum By the shape the id2 one can also distinguish three groups, which are, however, different only occurs in two other species the subgenus from those mentioned above. The first group shows Tipula, i.e. in both males and females czi a clearly hornshaped id2 as can be found in zeki as well as in males paludosa Meigen, oleracea, hungarica, orientalis, and ita lica. A second group may be distinguished in which The distance between the eyes, measured be the id2 is more or less claviform mediterra neath the head, amounts to about 0.24 mm, which nea, paludosa, and plumbea). Finally, is larger than in oleracea, kleinschmidti czizeki as well as kleinschmidti show a rather small rectangularshaped id2. Each these and mediterranea, but smaller than in czizeki table I). groups contains widespread European species, as The inner dististyle id) the male hypopy well as Mediterranean ones, and species with a gium is rather similar to that mediterra limited geographical distribution. nea. It differs from that oleracea in the The first flagellar segment the species presence hairs upon the pars 3 the id id the subgenus Tipula is coloured either yellowish or. Again three groups can be distinguished. 3) and from that both czizeki and kleinschmidti in the shape the id2 which is rec In both plumbea and czizeki the antennal tangular in both latter species, but hornshaped flagellum is entirely coloured in both male to claviform in plumbea. Although the id2 and female. In paludosa as well as in mediterranea is rather similar to that kleinschmidti this is the case only in the males. plumbea, a very striking difference exists be The females these species show yellow first flagellar segments. The remaining species show tween these two species as regards this character. Whereas yellow first flagellar segments in both sexes. the id2 is globular in mediterranea, it is laterally flattened in plumbea fig. 1). Comparing this division with that based on the shape the id2 shows that the species with a plumbea probably has two generations a year 1 à caught in April in Greece; the other hornshaped id2 have yellow first flagellar segments. In the "claviform" group all three "colour" fly period being October). Up till now this spe groups occur whereas the species with a rectangu cies is known from southern Prance, Sardinia and lar shaped id2 mainly show coloured first Greece. flagellar segments. Summarizing, plumbea can be distinguished The distance between the eyes, measured be from its relatives by the colour the first neath the head, continually ranges fron 0.10 to flagellar segjnent, the distance between the eyes about 0.50 rrm throughout the species the sub beneath the head as well as the shape the in genus Tipula. Nevertheless, as to this character ner dististyle the male hypopygium. again three groups may be distinguished. In oleracea, orientalis, mediterranea, DISCUSSION hungarica as well as kleinschmidti the distance between the eyes ranges from 0.10 up to about With regard to their geographical distribution the European species the subgenus Tipula may be divided into three groups. Three species kleinschmidti, atlantica 1 ) and hungarica l) After examining the type atlantica Mannheims I am the opinion that this species is not related to the European species the Lackschewitz) occur in limited areas Europe. subgenus Tipula but to the African ones.

4 552 XXXVI, 278, Notulae 638 The 2hj SyU.biol.. Bull. 56 REFERENCES 0.25 mm. In plumbea, czizeki and italica these values range from 0.20 up to about 0.35 mm. The largest values > 0.30 mm) occur in paludosa. FABRICIUS, I.C., 17Ô1. Species Insectorum II, I VIII, 1 Bohnii, Hamburg! et Kilonii). These groups neither seem to be correlated with the shape the id2 or the colour HEMMINGSEN, A.M., 160. Proposal to use the plenary powers to stabilize the names the north the first flagellar segnent, nor with the geographical distribution the species. European species belonging to the Tipula oleracea group within the subgenus Tipula Linnaeus, 1758 Class Insecta, Order Diptera). zool. The above subdivisions the subgenus Tipula, Nomencl. 17: LACKSCHEWITZ, P., 130. Die OleraceaGruppe des being not correlated, cannot be used to distin Genus Tipula Dipt., Nematoc. polyn.)'. Konowia guish distinct species groups. They rather show permutations forms with independently varying characters. Only when the plesiomorph state the characters concerned as well as their sequence changing will be known, the evolutionary relationship between the species the subgenus!»): 257 Tafel I, II. MANNHEIMS, B., 0. Die Tipula oleraceagruppe in Europa, ein Beispiel für Formenkreis Parallellismus Dipt., Tipulidae). Festschr. Kleinschmidt: Die Tipuliden Madeiras Dipt. Tipulidae).,. Ent. h2: Tipula can be established. So, the affinities plumbea to the other MEIGEN, J.W., Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten X: I Aachen ) , Tab. II I, Forstmann, ZIMSEH, E., The type material I.C. Fa species the subgenus Tipula cannot be ascer bricius, 1 Munksgaard, Copenhagen). tained as yet. Based on the shape the hypopygium plumbea looks very close to mediterranea; however, in general appearance it is closer to czizeki. Received: 1 December 17^ Dr. J. DEN HOLLANDER Institute Taxonomic Zoology Zoologisch Museum) Department Entomology University Amsterdam Plantage Middenlaan 61+ AmsterdamC. Netherlands.

5 57 Species number eye distance body length cubitus length colour the first shape id2 examined mm) without head) mm) flagellar segment range, mean) mm) range, mean) ) ) yellow/dark ) ) yellow/dark hornshaped ) ) ) 7.5".0 8.4) hornshaped/claviform ) ) yellow ) ) yellow globular elaviform ) ) ) ) rectangular ) ) dark yellow ) ) dark yellow/ rectangular kleinschmidti czizeki mediterranea plumbea oleracea species. Tipula Table I. Comparison some characters in 5

6 58 Fig. 1. The inner dististyle Tipula plumbea and mediterranea.

NOTES ON THE GENUS PTILOGYNA (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Pacific Insects 14 (4) : 697-701 20 December 1972 NOTES ON THE GENUS PTILOGYNA (Diptera: Tipulidae) WESTWOOD By N. V. Dobrotworsky 1 Abstract: The genus Phacelodocera Enderlein, 1912 is relegated to subgeneric