Nepenthes chaniana (Nepenthaceae), a new species from north-western Borneo

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1 Christian H. Schulze and Konrad Fiedler Karsholt, 0. & J. Razowski (eds.) (1996). The Lepidoptera of Europe. A distributional checklist. Apollo Books, Stenstrup (Denmark). Nielsen, E.S., E.D. Edwards & T.V. Rangsi (eds.) (1996). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, vol. 4. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood (Australia). Palmqvist, G. (1999). Remarkable records of Macrolepidoptera in Sweden Entomologisk Ticlskrift 120(1/2): Scoble, M.J. (1999). Geotnetrid Moths of the World. Vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood (Australia). Skou, P. (1984). Not-dens Were. Danmarks Dvreliv Bind 2. Fauna Boger & Apollo BOger, Kopenhagen & Svendborg. Vojnits, A. (1966). Wanderfalter in Ungarn Atalanta I: 7. Wong, K.M. & A. Phillipps (eds.) (1996). Kinabalu: Summit of Borneo. rev. edn. The Sabah Society & Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu. Sabah Parks Nature Journal Vol. 7 (2006): Nepenthes chaniana (Nepenthaceae), a new species from north-western Borneo Charles Clarkel, Ch'ien Lee 2 & Stewart McPherson School of Tropical Biology, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, AUSTRALIA charles.clarke@jcu.edu.au 2 Forest Research Centre, Sarawak Forestry, Km 10, Jalan Stephen Kalong Ningkan, Kuching, Sarawak, MALAYSIA cclborneo@myjaring.net ABSTRACT. Nepenthes chaniana, a new species from montane habitats in Sabah and Sarawak, is described. This species was previously considered as belonging to N. pilosa Dans., but is shown to have significant morphological differences from that species. The relationships between N. chaniana, N. pilosa and another closely related species, N. glandulifera, are discussed. INTRODUCTION Danser's (1928) description of Nepenthes pilosa Dans. was based on two specimens collected by the Indonesian botanist Amdjah in Amdjah was part of the Nieuwenhuis expedition, which was the first to traverse the island of Borneo at its widest point (i.e., from the mouth of the Kapuas River in the west, to the mouth of the Mahakam River in the east). During the expedition. Amdjah collected material from a number of remote mountains, including 52 53

2 Charles Clarke, Ch'ien Lee & Stewart McPherson 0 N. chaniana N. pilosa X N. glandulifera Fig. 1. Distribution map of N. chaniana, N. pilosa and N. glandulifera in Borneo. The symbol "0?" refers to the specimen Mjoberg 46 (BO), which was collected from Bukit Batu Tiban, and which we have not been able to examine. Bukit Batu Lesung and Bukit Batu Ayau, both of which lie to the south of the Mahakam River, close to the geographical centre of the island, and are roughly 1600 m in height. The holotype of N. pilosa (Amdjah 491, BO) contains a stem fragment bearing a leaf and aerial pitcher that are illustrated in Fig. 19 of Danser (1928) and was clearly derived from a plant that had entered the climbing stage. However, the specimen was sterile, so Danser could not complete the description. A second specimen (Amdjah 499, BO) consists of another item fragment that bears a rosette leaf and a lower pitcher, also illustrated in Fig. 19 of Danser (1928). Both specimens were collected on the same day (28 January 1899), on the same mountain and clearly represent the same species. A third specimen, Mjoberg 46 (BO) was collected from Bukit Batu Tiban (on the Sarawak Kalimantan Timur border), but Danser (1928) was not entirely convinced that this specimen belonged to the same species, so it was only tentatively included with N. pilosa and was not used to complete the description. The Nieuwenhuis expedition's ascent of 54 Nepenthes chaniana (Nepenthaceae), a new species from north-western Borneo Bukit Batu Lesung in 1899 is the only one recorded,.so the population of N. pilosa from which his material was collected has never been seen since. Smythies (1964) appears to have been the first since Danser (1928) to comment on N. pilosa, treating Mjoberg 46 from Bukit Batu Tiban as belonging to this species and thereby concluding that N. pilosa occurs in Sarawak, as well as Kalimantan. Kurata (1969) briefly discussed N. pilosa with regard to Danser's (1928) suggestion that it is closely related to N. burbidgeae Burb., but did not examine its range or taxonomy in detail. Turnbull & Middleton (1981) identified plants from the Crocker Range in Sabah and northern Sarawak as belonging to N. pilosa (an interpretation that was adopted by, and first published in Phillipps & Lamb, 1988), thereby extending the known range of this species considerably. This interpretation was based on Danser's description of N. pilosa, particularly that of the leaf structure and indumentum, and also incorporated the concept of Mjoberg 46, which was treated by Smythies (1964) as belonging to N. pilosa. The indumentum (of both N. pilosa and the Crocker Range and north Sarawak plants) is distinctive and dense, clothing most parts of the plant apart from the upper surfaces of the leaf blades. The hairs are simple, golden-brown, and relatively long (up to 6 mm). Although some other Nepenthes are densely pubescent (e.g. N. veitchii Hook.f., N. villosa Hook.f.), none bear hairs of this colour, which thus made "N. pilosa" quite easy to distinguish from all other species known at that time. The photographs and illustration of N. pilosa in Phillipps & Lamb (1988, 1996) established Smythies' (1964) interpretation, which was then applied to subsequent collections identified as N. pilosa from northern Sarawak. For instance, Awa & Lee S (K, SAR) and Ashton S (K, L, SING, SAR), both of which were collected from the slopes of Bukit Batu Buli (on the trail to Bukit Batu Lawi) in the Baram District, have been identified as N. pilosa in all publications since 1997 (e.g., Jebb & Cheek, 1997; Clarke, 1997; Clarke, 2001; Cheek & Jebb, 2001; Clarke & Lee, 2004). Despite the apparent broad agreement among botanists that the populations from north-western Borneo belonged to Danser's N. pilosa, doubts remained among some workers. This was primarily due to the fact that the aerial pitcher illustrated in Fig. 19 of Danser (1928) appears to be cylindrical in cross-section and rather squat, whereas those from plants in Malaysian Borneo are laterally compressed at the base, tall, and flare widely towards the mouth (Clarke, 1997). Jebb & Cheek (1997) addressed this by stating that the illustration of N. pilosa in Fig. 19 of Danser (1928), "indicates that the pitcher was somewhat anomalous in this collection". Jebb & Cheek (1997) also noted that, "the pitcher of the type specimen at BO is badly damaged, and the lid has lost the apex of the basal crest". Cheek & Jebb (2001) 55

3 Charles Clarke, Chien Lee & Stewart McPherson Nepenthes chaniana (Nepenthaccac), a new species from north-western Borneo consolidated the prevailing interpretation by nominating a collection from Sarawak as an epitype (Awa & Lee S K, isotypes at KEP, L, SAR), but some workers felt that this decision could be erroneous, especially as further observations of N. pilosa at the type locality had not been made at the time. In July 2006, two of us (CC, SM) visited the type location of N. pilosa in order to photograph the species and determine whether there are any differences between it and the populations from north-western Borneo. Our observations confirmed that there are significant morphological differences between N. pilosa and collections from Malaysian Borneo which have been previously identified as this species. We are of the opinion that the Malaysian populations belong to a different, hitherto undescribed species, which is described below. We confirm that the illustration of N. pilosa in Fig. 19 of Danser (1928) is accurate and that the type material is representative of the population from which it was collected. Cheek & Jebb's (2001) epitype of N. pilosa (Awa & Lee ) is re-designated as the holotype of the new species here. THE NEW SPECIES DESCRIBED Nepenthes chaniana C. Clarke, C. C. Lee et S. McPherson sp. nov. Nepenthi pilosae similis sed ascidiis aeriis in parte inferiore lateraliter compressis et dorso ad junctionem ascidii operculique calcar distinctum gerentibus, foliis caulis scandentis apice obtusis vel truncatis differt. Typus: Borneo, Sarawak, Bt Lawi, Bario, 1630 m. 24 Aug. 1995, Awa & Lee S (holotypus K: isotypi KEP, L, SAR). Figs in Phillipps & Lamb (1988), Fig. 65 in Phillipps & Lamb (1996), Fig. 76 in Clarke (1997), Fig. 37 in Clarke Figures on p. 59 & 60 in Clarke & Lee (2004). Nepenthes pilosa auct. non Danser: Smythies (1964) 177, partim; Phillipps & Lamb (1988) 25-27, partim; Phillipps & Lamb (1996) , Fig. 65, partim: Jebb & Cheek (1997) partim; Clarke (1997) , Fig. 76, partim; Cheek & Jebb (2001) 124, partim; Clarke (2001) 24, partim; Clarke & Lee (2004) 59-60, partim; Lee (2004) 97, partim. DESCRIPTION. Terrestrial or epiphytic climber, to 6-8 m high. Climbing stems terete, 6-9 mm in diameter; leaves coriaceous, petiolate; petiole 3-7 cm long, petiolar wings 3-4 mm wide, clasping the entire stem, forming a laterally flattened sheath; leaf blades of climbing stems oblong to elliptic, x 4-8 cm, apex obtuse to truncate, base broadly wedge-shaped to rounded; longitudinal nerves 3 on each side of the midrib in the outer 1/3, conspicuous; pennate nerves indistinct. Rosettes not known from existing 56 Fig. 2. An upper pitcher of N. chaniana.

4 Charles Clarke, Ch'ien Lee & Stewart McPherson Nepenthes chanictna (Nepenthaceae), a new species front north-western Borneo Table 1. Morphological characters that can be used to distinguish N. chaniana, N. pilosa and N. glandulifera. Characteristic N. chaniana N. pilosa N. glandulifera Leaf apices on rounded to truncate, acute, tendril obtuse with a climbing stems tendril shorter than longer than the shortly acute tip, the pitcher pitcher tendril longer than the pitcher Leaves of rosettes heart-shaped, lanceolate, not known truncate at the apex, tendril much tendril shorter than longer than pitcher pitcher Fig. 3. A rosette of a cultivated plant of N. chaniana. Note the distinctive, heartshaped leaf blades with short tendrils, which are unlike those of N. pilosa. collections, but documented from wild and cultivated plants: petiole short, canaliculate, up to 2 cm long; leaf blades heart-shaped, up to 8 x 4 cm, widening gradually from the petiole, abruptly truncated at apex, margins often indented near apex; tendril straight, up to 6 cm long, but always less than half the height of the pitcher. Rosette pitchers up to 14 x 3 cm, lower half narrowly infundibular, substantially deeper than wide, sometimes with a faint hip at the top of the glandular zone; upper part more or less cylindrical in cross-section, widening towards the mouth, which is concave, rising towards the rear to form a very short neck; peristome cylindrical, up to 3 cm wide, ribs 0.1 mm apart, distinct but not significantly raised, teeth indistinct; lid ovate, often lacking appendages on the lower surface, but sometimes bearing a small crest towards the base on the lower surface; spur simple, up to 3 mm long, but often little more than a raised bump, up to 1 mm; pitcher wings 2, running from the top to the bottom of the outside along the anterior or ventral part of the pitcher, up to 2 mm wide, bearing multi-cellular fringe elements (up to 4 mm loiig) in the upper third. Lower pitchers not yet collected, but similar in structure to those of the rosettes. Upper pitchers slightly infundibulate in the lower 2/3, laterally compressed, 16-24(-33) x 5-9 cm, widening strongly towards the mouth in the upper 1/3, ovate in cross section, hip absent or (if present) noticeable only at the rear of the pitcher at the base of the column; mouth ovate to round, concave, oblique, rising to vertical at the rear, barely forming a short column; peristome ovate in crosssection, 4-10 mm wide, ribs mm apart, outer margin entire, inner S Prominent, dark- absent prominent on prominent on coloured nectar lower portions stems, leaf bases glands of petiole an and lower parts nodes of pitchers liook-shaped pitchers pitchers absent appendage on lid of upper Upper pitchers Tall, narrowly ovate Squat, round in Tall, ovate in XS in XS the lower parts, XS in the lower the lower parts, deeper than wide parts, equally slightly deeper wide and deep than wide edge obscurely dentate, teeth mm long with a sub-apical aperture; lid orbicular, 4-6 x 4-8 cm, apex rounded, base cordate, lower surface lacking an apical appendage, basal appendage strongly hooked towards the base laterally flattened, c. 7 mm high, c. 10 mm long,; spur c. 14 mm long, unbranched; pitcher wings undeveloped, replaced by two ventral ridges. Male inflorescence (known only from a single incomplete specimen) a raceme-like structure, peduncle 13 cm long; rachis length unknown; partial peduncles 2-flowered, c. 2 mm long; pedicels 5-6(-10) mm long; tepals oblong, 5-6 x 3 mm; androphore 3 mm long, smooth. Ripe infructescence a raceme-like structure, peduncle cm long; rachis cm long; partial peduncles 2-flowered (rarely 1 or 3-flowered), 4-6 mm long; pedicels 5-12 mm long; fruit capsules x 7 mm; tepals oblong, 6 x 3 mm. Indumentum densely villose, hairs simple, 4-6 mm long, soft, golden to rust coloured; dense on all surfaces except the upper surface of the leaf blade and inside the pitcher. Colour of pitchers yellowish green throughout, rarely with a few red streaks on the peristome. (Figs. 2 and 3.) 58 59

5 Charles Clarke, Ch'ien Lee & Stewart McPherson Nepenthes chaniana (Nepenthaceae), a new species.frotn north - western Borneo DISTRIBUTION. Borneo. Nepenthes chatiiana is found on a number of sandstone mountains in northern Sarawak and Sabah. Its occurrence on nearby mountains in northwest Kalimantan Timur is probable. but yet to be confirmed. Fig. I shows the distribution of N. ehaniana, N. pilosa and N. glandulifera. HABITAT. Usually epiphytic in mossy forest over sandstone m. ETYMOLOGY. The species is named in honour of our friend and colleague Datuk Chan Chew Lun, whose publications on the natural history of Borneo have done much to highlight the extraordinary biodiversity of the island. Furthermore, as a prominent member of the Sabah Society, he has worked tirelessly to promote conservation of Borneo's unique natural heritage. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. N. chaniana Borneo, Sarawak, 4th. Div.. route to Batu Lawi, Bario 1630 m, 24 Aug 1985, Awa & Lee S (holo. K: iso. KEP, L. SAR), 1000 m, Ashton S (K, L, SING. SAR): Kapit. Hose Mountains, Bukit Sindap 1400 m. 1 Dec 2001, Chi. C. Lee S (SAR). 5 July 2003, Chi. C. Lee et. al. S (SAR); unknown locality. 14 April 1960, S (SAR). collector unknown; Sabah. Mt. Alab, Phillipps & Lamb 1988, p , ibid., 1996, Fig. 65. N. glandulifin-a Borneo. Sarawak, 10th Div., Kapit, Hose Mountains, G. Bukit Batu, West Ridge m, 29 Nov Chi. C. Lee (holo. SAR), 1100 m, 5 July 2003, Chi. C. Lee et. al. S (SAR). N. pilosa Borneo. Kalimantan Timur, Bukit Batu Lesung, 28 Jan 1899, Aindjah 491 (holo, BO). Aindjah 499 ( B). We have not examined Mjoberg 46 (BO), which in 2004 was still on loan to K during our visits to BO. so we have not been able to determine which taxon it belongs to. CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. A: -4, `frik tzk, Fig. 4. A pitcher of N. pilosa from the type locality. Kalimantan Timm. Von Arx et al. (2001) assessed N. pilosa as DD [?EN (B 1, B2C, DI)1. This was based almost entirely on populations that we identify as N. ehaniana. Existing collections, coupled with our field observations, show that N. ehaniana has a wide distribution in Sarawak, but Phillipps & Lamb (1996) note that the only accessible populations in Sabah have been destroyed. We propose an assessment of LC, primarily due to the fact that we have not observed any significant decline in the number and size of populations in Sarawak over the least ten years, nor do we envisage such a decline taking place in the near future. The localities in Sarawak from which N. chemical(' 60 61

6 Charles Clarke, Ch'ien Lee & Stewart McPherson Nepenthes chaniana (Nepenthaceae), a new species from north -western Borneo has been recorded are unlikely to be logged, burned or developed in the short term, but we would nevertheless recommend a new assessment in approximately five years. Although we have based our assessment purely on known populations of N. chaniana, it is likely that this species occurs at many more sites than are currently known, as it is primarily an epiphyte and many ridges and mountains within the limits of its geographical range are yet to be explored for Nepenthes. We consider N. pilosa to be DD [CR (C)] at present, as it is still known only from a small population at the type locality, but numerous unexplored mountains with suitable, undisturbed habitats, remain in the region, so it is possible that it has a wider range. DISCUSSION We have shown that the holotype of N. pilosa (Amdjah 491, BO) and the epitype nominated by Jebb & Cheek (Awa & Lee, S 50980, K; iso KEP, L, SAR) belong to different species. Accordingly, we have re-designated Awa & Lee S (K) as the holotype of N. chaniana. The upper pitchers of Nepenthes chaniana (Fig. 2) have been illustrated a number of times in the literature (see Phillipps & Lamb, 1996; Clarke, 1997; Clarke & Lee, 2004), but the rosettes and lower pitchers have neither been illustrated, nor are they represented in existing herbarium collections. Fig. 3 is a photograph of a cultivated plant of N. chaniana, showing the distinctive shape of the leaves of the rosettes. The only existing illustration of N. pilosa is Fig. 19 in Danser (1928). In order to highlight the differences between the two species, a photograph of a pitcher of N. pilosa from the type locality is presented in Fig. 4. Given that all descriptions of N. pilosa published after the Second World War have included material of N. chaniana, it is necessary to refer only to Danser's (1928) description of N. pilosa to obtain a clear understanding of the morphological characteristics of this species. Danser (1928) stated that the spur of the lower pitchers was "insufficiently known", and did not make any reference to the presence of a spur on the upper pitchers. All of the pitchers we examined in the field either lacked a spur entirely, or at the most had a tiny, densely pubescent bump (up to 1 mm high) where the spur would normally be found in other species. Nepenthes glandulifera is also closely related to N. pilosa and N. chaniana. To date, N. glandulifera has been found only in the Hose Mountains of central Sarawak. Lee (2004) distinguished it from N. chaniana and N. pilosa by the lack of a hooked appendage on the undersurface of the pitcher lid and by the presence of large bracts on the partial peduncles. The distinctive glands of N. glandulifera are also present around the leaf bases of N. pilosa, but are inconspicuous on other parts of the plant. Table 1 lists four characters that can readily be used to distinguish these three species, while the following key can be used for identification in the field: 1. Undersurface of the pitcher lid with a distinct laterally flattened appendage which is hooked towards the peristome 2 Undersurface of the pitcher lid lacking a hook-shaped appendage, or at most with a short ridge N. glandulifera 2. Aerial pitchers squat, cylindrical in cross-section, widening slightly towards the mouth, but abruptly contracted (and often with a pronounced hip) immediately below the peristome; rosette leaf margins contracted gradually towards the apex, leaf blade lanceolate N. pilosa Aerial pitchers tall, laterally compressed at the base, flaring widely below the mouth (usually without any prominent hip); rosette leaf margins contracted abruptly at the apex, leaf blade truncate N. chaniana As a result of our observations and recognition of N. chaniana as a distinct 'species; N. pilosa is currently known only from the type locality, stated on the label of Amdjah 491 to be a peak close to the geographical centre of Borneo usually known as "Bukit Batu Lesung". A mountain in this area, 1730 m in height, is marked on most maps as "Gunung Lesung", or "Bukit Lesung" (however, Danser (1928, Fig. 32) erroneously placed this mountain further north, close to Bukit Batu Tiban). The exact locality of this peak is North 0 38'42", East '13" and it now goes by the name "Telak Pagar", rather than "Bukit Lesung". The summit is merely a high point on a long, broken, sandstone ridge that extends in a westerly direction from the flank of Bukit Batu Ayau in the east, towards the headwaters of the Sungai Mahakam in the west. The northern slopes of this ridge were eroded by the river and are precipitous, whereas the southern side is a plateau that slopes gently to the south, dissected by numerous shallow gorges. In attempting to re-locate N. pilosa, we tried to reach Telak Pagar on our trek in July 2006, under the impression that it was the "Batu Lesung" of Amdjah's collections. However, another sandstone ridge, running for 12 km in a roughly northeast to southwest direction (with an approximate altitude of about 1000 m), abuts the aforementioned ridge and is also labeled "Bukit Lesung" on some more detailed maps of the region. Our Dayak guides (Rasa, Donatus and Ding, pers. comm.) from the village of Long Bangai (spelled "Long Pahangai" on most maps) told us that the only area south of the Mahakam that bears the name "Lesung", is this lower ridge none of the peaks on the higher ridge are known by this name

7 Charles Clarke. Ch'ien Lee & Stewart McPherson Nepenthes chaniana (Nepenthaceae), a new species from north - western Borneo Furthermore, the lower ridge is locally known as "Ketang Lesung", not "Bukit Lesung", and. it is possible that Amdjah misinterpreted the Dayak name, confusing "Ketang" with "Batu" (when pronounced correctly. followed by "Lesung", they may sound similar, as reflected in the inaccurate spelling on many herbarium labels from collections made throughout Southeast Asia at this time). The south-western end of Ketang Lesung meets the ridge to Telak Pagar at approximately North 0 40'12", East '0", from where it is possible to climb to a peak on this ridge that is known by the somewhat peculiar name of Gunung Bantempel (= "tyre patch" which, according to our guides, refers to the round shape of the mountain. The valley enclosed by the ridge to Gunung Bantempel and Ketang Lesung is relatively round when viewed from above, but open at the eastern end this might explain the derivation of the name!). The summit of Gunung Bantempel is approximately 1600 m high and lies 2.5 km to the east of Telak Pagar. Unless the local names of the mountain ranges have changed since the Nieuwenhuis expedition (a distinct possibility), the most likely point where Amdjah collected the type material for N. pilosa and N. ephippiata Dans., while at the same time encountering the place name "Lesung" is Gunung Bantempel. Moreover, a name such as "Bukit Batu Lesung" could be applied to a ridge containing several peaks, as much as any single mountain, so it does not necessarily apply exclusively to Telak Pagar. Regardless of the confusion surrounding the names of the peaks in this region, our observations were made on the same ridge that was explored by the Niewenhuis expedition and we are in no doubt that the species we observed there is N. pilosa, as it matches Danser's (1928) description and illustration perfectly. the foot of Ketang Lesung, we observed N. ampullaria Jack and N. rofflesiana Jack growing in kerangas forest dominated by Tristaniopsis sp. No natural hybrids of Nepenthes were observed at any of the sites we visited. REFERENCES Cheek, M. & M.H.P. Jebb (2001). Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 1 5: Clarke, C.M. (1997). Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo). Kota Kinabalu. xi pp. Clarke, C.M. (2001). A Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sabah. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. iv + 41 pp. Clarke, C.M. & C.C. Lee (2004). A Pocket Guide: Pitcher Plants of Sarawak. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. vi + 81 PP. Danser, B.H. (1928). The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin de Jardin de Botanique, Buitenzorg. Serie III. 9 (3-4): lebb, M.H.P. & M. Check (1997). A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blume(' 42( I ): We did not observe Nepenthes ephippiata at Gunung Bantempel, which is not surprising, as the summit of this mountain is rather low for this species, and the absence of pitchers on the type specimen suggests that the plant collected by Amdjah (Amdjah 497, BO) may have been a singleton that had managed to persist in what must be a very marginal habitat for this species (any botanist who knows the genus will always collect pitchers if they can and Amdjah's collections of N. pilosa show that he was aware of the differences between lower and upper pitchers). It could perhaps be argued that the same applies to N. pilosa the population on G. Bantempel consists of perhaps 200 plants, none of which were observed by us to be in flower, or to have flowered in recent years. Like us. Amdjah had failed to find a specimen with flowers or fruits. In addition to N. pilosa, we observed N. stenophylla Mast., sensu Danser (=N. jallax Beck), N. tentacular(' Hook.f. and N. fusca Dans. on G. Bantempel. On Ketang Lesung, we observed N. albontarginata Lobb ex Lindl.. N. hirsute, Hook.f.. N. tentaculata Hook.f. and N. Peitchii Hook.f.. At Kurata, S. (1976). Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu. Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu. 80 pp. Lee, C.C. (2004). New records and a new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Sarawak. Sandakania 15: Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb (1988). Pitcher plants of East Malaysia and Brunei. Nature Malaysian(' 13(4): Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb (1996). Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu in association with the Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew and Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. x pp. Smythies, B.E. (1964). The distribution and ecology of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in Sarawak. UNESCO Humid Tropics Symposium, June July 1963 ( )

8 Charles Clarke. Chien Lee & Stewart McPherson Turnbull, J.R. & A.T. Middleton (1981). A preliminary review of the Sabah species of Nepenthes, including a regional list and some selected localities. Unpublished mimeograph of report to the Sabah Parks Trustees. von Arx, B., J. Schlauer & M. Groves (2001). CITES Carnivorous Plant Checklist. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 93 pp. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are very grateful to Dr Mark Coode, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for providing the Latin diagnosis of N. chaniana. Charles and Stewart thank Mintoro, Jaya, Ding, Rasa and Donatus for their "fantastic" assistance in getting us to Ketang Lesung. We also thank Alfin and Suska for their equally fantastic help in Samarinda and Melak. We are particularly grateful to Professor Wong Khoon Meng of the Rimba Ilmu, University of Malaya for his critical comments and improvements to the manuscript. 66 Sabah Parks Nature Journal Notes to contributors: The Sabah Parks Nature Journal publishes papers relevant to conservation, protected areas, and biodiversity. This includes natural hislory, ecology, biology and other related fields, particularly those concerning tropical ecosystems. Articles should be general enough to be of interest to readers of other disciplines, yet should be of significance and lasting value. Four categories of manuscripts are considered: Research papers, Essays (essay articles, historical accounts), Short Articles (nature notes, sport communications, reviews, research notes), and Species Portraits in the journal (the front cover photograph and a short write-up). For research papers, the manuscript should include the Title, Authors and their current addresses, Summary, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and References. Conclusions and Acknowledgements can also be included. All figures and tables should be submitted on separate sheets, clearly marked. References should be cited as: Nais & Wilcock (1998); Kikuzawa et al. (1998); (Dill & Maschwitz, 1998) in the text; and in the references: "Clarke, C.M. (1998). The Nepenthes of Mount Tombuyukon, Kinabalu Park. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 1: 1-8." "Beaman, J.H. & R.S. Beaman (1998). The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 3. Gymnosperms and Non-orchid Monocotyledons. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu in association with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." "Ghazally, I. & A. Lamri (1996). Kinabalu Park: Research and Conservation. In: K.M. Wong & A. Phillipps (eds.). Kinabalu Summit of Borneo (a revised and expanded edition). The Sabah Society and Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu, MalaySia. Colour photographs can be included in any submission, but the decision to publish them is the prerogative of the editorial board. Manuscripts should be submitted to the Chief Editor and should be typed on A4 paper, with double-line spacing, with the text left-justified. Manuscript must be submitted with a version on CD (using MS-Word 6) with the fax number and e- mail address of the first author. Manuscripts submitted cannot be returned. All manuscripts are subjected to peer review. There are no page charges for papers, articles or photographs published. Material published may be freely reproduced with acknowledgement, unless special copyright has been indicated. Authors will receive 25 copies of their work when published. Correspondence address: The Chief Editor, Sabah Parks Research and Education Division, Kinabalu Park, P.O. Box 10626, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA. Tel.: Fax.: jnais@tm.net.my