ECEN 651: Microprogrammed Control of Digital Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Mi Lu TA: Ehsan Rohani Laboratory Exercise #2 Behavioral, Dataflow, and Structural Verilog Objective The objective of lab this week is to explain the various levels of abstraction used to model digital logic in Verilog, while reviewing a few architectural level digital components. In Verilog, digital logic can be described in three distinct ways. At one of the spectrum is structural modeling such that digital logic is conveyed using primitive logic gates. At the other of the spectrum is behavioral in which a particular circuit behavior is simply described. Somewhere between these two is a method which allows the designer to express how data should flow through the digital circuitry using logic and arithmetic expressions. Typically, a design will consist of a mixture of the aforementioned design description levels. Experience developing hardware in Verilog will reveal which level is more appropriate for a given circumstance. Procedure 1. Design and simulate a JK Flip-flop using structural Verilog. (a) Using Figure 1 as a reference, describe a JK Flip-flop in structural Verilog. 1
2 Laboratory Exercise #2 J Q Clk ~Q K ~R Figure 1: A JK Flip-Flop constructed with gates (b) Use the code provide below to test your structural model of the JK flip-flop. Demonstrate your progress to the TA. Note the use of blocking assignment statements in the code below. d e f i n e STRLEN 15 module JKTest v ; t a s k p a s s T e s t ; i n p u t a c t u a l O u t, e x p e c t e d O u t ; i n p u t [ STRLEN 8 : 0 ] t e s t T y p e ; i n o u t [ 7 : 0 ] p a s s e d ; i f ( a c t u a l O u t == e x p e c t e d O u t ) $ d i s p l a y ( % s p a s s e d, t e s t T y p e ) ; p a s s e d = p a s s e d + 1 ; $ d i s p l a y ( % s f a i l e d : %d s h o u l d be %d, t e s t T y p e, a c t u a l O u t, e x p e c t e d O u t ) ; t a s k a l l P a s s e d ; 2 ECEN 651
Laboratory Exercise #2 3 i n p u t [ 7 : 0 ] p a s s e d ; i n p u t [ 7 : 0 ] numtests ; i f ( p a s s e d == numtests ) $ d i s p l a y ( A l l t e s t s p a s s e d ) ; $ d i s p l a y ( Some t e s t s f a i l e d ) ; / / I n p u t s r e g j ; r e g k ; r e g c l k ; r e g r e s e t ; r e g [ 7 : 0 ] p a s s e d ; / / O u t p u t s w ire o u t ; / / I n s t a n t i a t e t h e Unit Under T e s t (UUT) JK u u t (. o u t ( o u t ),. j ( j ),. k ( k ),. c l k ( c l k ),. r e s e t ( r e s e t ) ) ; i n i t i a l / / I n i t i a l i z e I n p u t s j = 0 ; k = 0 ; c l k = 0 ; r e s e t = 1 ; p a s s e d = 0 ; / / Wait 100 ns f o r g l o b a l r e s e t t o f i n i s h #100; ECEN 651 3
4 Laboratory Exercise #2 / / Add s t i m u l u s h e r e r e s e t = 0 ; #90; j =1; k =0; # 7 ; c l k = 1 ; p a s s T e s t ( out, 1, S e t, p a s s e d ) ; #90; j =1; k =1; # 7 ; c l k = 1 ; p a s s T e s t ( out, 0, Toggle 1, p a s s e d ) ; #90; j =0; k =0; # 7 ; c l k = 1 ; p a s s T e s t ( out, 0, Hold 1, p a s s e d ) ; #90; j =1; k =1; # 7 ; c l k = 1 ; p a s s T e s t ( out, 1, Toggle 2, p a s s e d ) ; #90; j =0; k =0; # 7 ; c l k = 1 ; p a s s T e s t ( out, 1, Hold 2, p a s s e d ) ; #90; j =0; k =1; # 7 ; c l k = 1 ; p a s s T e s t ( out, 0, R e s e t, p a s s e d ) ; #90; a l l P a s s e d ( passed, 6 ) ; module (c) Provide a truth table to describe the operation of a JK Flip-flop. 2. Design and simulate a JK and D Flip-flop using behavioral Verilog. (a) In behavioral Verilog, create a JK Flip-flop module. Be sure to use non-blocking assignment statements. 4 ECEN 651
Laboratory Exercise #2 5 (b) Test your module against the test bench provided above. The operation should be identical to that of your structural version. (c) Now create a D Flip-flop using behavioral Verilog and provide the truth table for a D flip-flop. (d) Using the above testbench as a starting point, create a testbench to test the operation of your D Flip-flop. Demonstrate your progress to the TA. 3. Design and simulate a 2-to-4 decoder using dataflow Verilog. (a) Construct the truth table for a 2:4 decoder with an enable signal. (b) Draw the gate level schematic for a 2:4 decoder. (c) Describe the decoder in Verilog using dataflow level modeling. Hint: You can do so succinctly using the ternary operator and the << operator. (d) Use the code provided below to test the operation of your decoder. Demonstrate your progress to the TA when complete. d e f i n e STRLEN 15 module Decode24Test v ; t a s k p a s s T e s t ; i n p u t a c t u a l O u t, e x p e c t e d O u t ; i n p u t [ STRLEN 8 : 0 ] t e s t T y p e ; i n o u t [ 7 : 0 ] p a s s e d ; i f ( a c t u a l O u t == e x p e c t e d O u t ) $ d i s p l a y ( % s p a s s e d, t e s t T y p e ) ; p a s s e d = p a s s e d + 1 ; $ d i s p l a y ( % s f a i l e d : %d s h o u l d be %d, t e s t T y p e, a c t u a l O u t, e x p e c t e d O u t ) ; ECEN 651 5
6 Laboratory Exercise #2 t a s k a l l P a s s e d ; i n p u t [ 7 : 0 ] p a s s e d ; i n p u t [ 7 : 0 ] numtests ; i f ( p a s s e d == numtests ) $ d i s p l a y ( A l l t e s t s p a s s e d ) ; $ d i s p l a y ( Some t e s t s f a i l e d ) ; / / I n p u t s r e g [ 1 : 0 ] i n ; r e g [ 7 : 0 ] p a s s e d ; / / O u t p u t s w ire [ 3 : 0 ] o u t ; / / I n s t a n t i a t e t h e Unit Under T e s t (UUT) Decode24 u u t (. i n ( i n ),. o u t ( o u t ) ) ; i n i t i a l / / I n i t i a l i z e I n p u t s i n = 0 ; p a s s e d = 0 ; / / Add s t i m u l u s h e r e #90; i n = 0 ; #10; p a s s T e s t ( out, 1, I n p u t 0, p a s s e d ) ; #90; i n = 1 ; #10; p a s s T e s t ( out, 2, I n p u t 1, p a s s e d ) ; #90; i n = 2 ; #10; p a s s T e s t ( out, 4, I n p u t 2, p a s s e d ) ; #90; i n = 3 ; #10; p a s s T e s t ( out, 8, I n p u t 3, p a s s e d ) ; a l l P a s s e d ( passed, 4 ) ; 6 ECEN 651
Laboratory Exercise #2 7 module 1 Deliverables 1. Submit a lab report that captures your efforts in lab. 2. Include all Verilog source files with appropriate comments. Note: Code submitted without adequate comments will not be graded! 3. Be sure to include all material requested in lab. 4. Answer the following review questions: (a) In behavioral Verilog, two types of assignment statements exists. What are they, and when would you use one over the other? (b) Compare and contrast the structural verses behavioral implementation of the JK flip-flop. Which level of abstraction might you use for a processor design and why? (c) Based on the gate level diagram you created for the 2:4 decoder, how would the structural implementation compare to the dataflow implementation? Could you use behavioral Verilog to create the 2:4 decoder? If so, provide a snippet of code to do so. ECEN 651 7