HSC Geography Year 2014 Mark 97.00 Pages 19 Published Jan 7, 2017 2nd in State HSC GEOGRAPHY- Urban Places By Leah (97.7 ATAR)
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Your notes author, Leah. Leah achieved an ATAR of 97.7 in 2014 while attending Tara Anglican School For Girls Currently studying Bachelor of Primary Education at The University of Sydney Achievements: 2nd in State HSC Geography 2014 Caltex All Rounder Award 2014 Geography Teacher's Association Arthur Phillip Award 2011 and 2012 Band 6 HSC Biology Band 6 HSC General Mathematics Band 6 HSC Geography (mark of 97) Band 6 HSC Food Technology Band 6 Studies of Religion I Leah says: Hi all, I achieved an ATAR of 97.7 in the 2014 HSC ranking 2nd in the State in Geography. I'm currently studying a Bachelor of Primary Education at the University of Sydney and am super passionate about educating young people to achieve incredible things. I have over 2 years of tutoring experience and my notes comprehensively cover all HSC syllabus dot points. My advice is work hard and play hard- after all, this is your last year of school! Enjoy your last sports carnivals, muck up days and all the extra curricular activities you do whilst studying diligently and thoroughly to enjoy the all important balance of year 12.
HSC Geography Notes- Urban Places 1 The nature, character and spatial distribution of World Cities- NATURE & CHARACTER OF WORLD CITIES Globalisation- the process of global economic and cultural integration Increasing the gap between developed and developing economies of World Cities and Megacities Has meant an enhanced standard of living- which attracts ad retains top talent, businesses, ideas and revenue Relocate labour- intensive manufacturing to low-cost developing countries World City- a city that has global and national significance Centres foro Finance and transnational business o World trade and communications o Headquarters of agencies o Hosts of entertainment and sport o Major tourist destination o Command and control o Finance and banking World cities are becoming increasingly international It has become increasingly necessary for major service providers to maintain a network of offices internationally New telecommunications technologies are further strengthening the dominance of those top world cities GCI- Global Cities Index measure global engagement of cities across the 5 dimensions of business, capital, information exchange, cultural experience and political engagement. The 2014 GCI rankings of World Cities were 1. New York 2. London 3. Paris 4. Tokyo 5. Hong Kong 6. Los Angeles 7. Chicago 8. Beijing 9. Singapore 10. Washington
HSC Geography Notes- Urban Places 2 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION Spatially dispersed but globally integrated cities organising nodes link their regions to national and international economies Very few world cities are located in developing countries top 20 cities in 2014 GCI are evenly spread across Asia, Pacific, Europe and the Americas Apart from Johannesburg none of the world cities are in Africa- shows marginalisation Capital is becoming more evenly distributed among global cities World City subsystems areo Asia- Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong o Northern USA- New York, Chicago, LA, Toronto o West Europe- London, Paris, Zurich, Amsterdam o Southern hemisphere- Sao Paulo, Sydney, Johannesburg THE ROLE OF WORLD CITIES Developed beyond former role as centres of international trade and banking to become: o Command and control centres for organising the global economy- accumulation of international capita- trade/stock exchanges o Location of finance and specialised service firms- law, accounting, management, consulting, advertising o Advanced telecommunications, technologies and infrastructure development e.g. fibre optics, Wi-Fi, major airports o Sites of production of innovative information industries o Markets for products and innovations- those citizens of World cities are the first to accept and embrace new technology o Focus for media outlet with international outreach- BBC, Le Monde, News Corporation o Headquarters and finance centres for major transnational corporations o Home of major sporting events- Olympics, rugby world cup, Formula 1 racing, soccer world cup o Centres of cultural authority- generate and spread ideas and values global spectacles with world renowned cultural institutions like museums, art galleries, universities, research centres, film festivals, theatres, opera, orchestras, dance, companies THE OPERATION OF GLOBAL NETWORKS Indicators of the connectivity or strength of relationships between world cities is determined by the flow of o Capital (monetary gain) o Information o Goods and services
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) HSC Geography Notes- Urban Places 3 o People (especially high skilled professionals)- key operatives of the economy, will often move between various branches of global corporations in different World Cities To quantify the flows within the network of cities- they combine the above criteria and rank the World cities according to their connectedness The stronger the links, the more connected they are to the international network of World Cities The major world cities (London, New York, Paris, Hong Kong) are the most connected with major links Many minor cities are connected by an individual link to a large city e.g. Milan is connected by fashion Generally the more linked world cities are, the more dominant they ae on the world stage Sydney was ranked 14 th according to the connectivity in 2004. Its strongest links were with the urban centres of North America and financial centres of Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo) The levels of connectivity are defined by o Major links o Important links o Medium links o Minor links CASE STUDY- WORLD CITIES Tokyo o Alpha + City o Largest metropolitan economy worldwide with a GDP of US$2.91 trillion o 62 of Fortune Global 500 companies based in Tokyo as of 2012 o 9.9 million automobiles made 2012 o Olympic Games held 1964 and 2020 o TNCs- Toyota, Suzuki, Mitsubishi, Yamaha, Lexus, Honda, Subaru, Nissan, Mazda, Casio, Sony o 2 international airports- Narita and Haneda o Business hub of Asia-Pacific London o Alpha ++ City o 2 of the Big four accounting firms o 75% of Fortune global 500 companies based in London in 2012 o Over 30% of the world s currency exchanges o 15 million tourists in 2011 o 4 world heritage sites o Olympic games host in 1908, 1948, 2012 o 6 international airports with over 100 000 flights per month