ap -am-cpss BXpc Nn -Iƒ si. hn. Cuk-t mb Jp -B\pw {]] imkv{xhpw Hm m Uv AlvaZv IÆq

kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 1

2 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003

]pkvxiw 71 e w 9 sk]v w-_ 2003 X_q v 1382 dp_v jl-_m 1424 No^v FUn- apl-ωzv Da F v. G. FUn- G. Fw. apl-ωzv kenw FUn-t m-dn-b t_m Uv s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv (sn-b am ) si.-hn. Cuk-t mb si. hn. l timb ]n. Fw. _jo AlvaZv sf. si. AlvaZvIp n sk{i- dn ]ocn-tbm-un- kv ]n. Fw. AlvaZv l amt\-p Fw.-sI. Cºn- n-t m-b n k p-te-j amt\-p Fkv. apl-ωzv kenw hcn-kwjy 100 I. H -{]Xn 10 I. hnemkw kxy-zq-x Pn. F v. tdmuv timgn-t m-sv. e-mail: sathyadoothan@ahmadiyya.com ÿm]nxw 1925 2003 September ap m \q m v ]n n ae-bm-f-ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn- o-i-cww D -S w 4 5 6 8 12 15 17 20 25 30 37 39 bpk-i_vzw apj- p-dn v tej\w ic-wm nsb kwc- n- p sszhw lkvdøv AlvaZv (A) hgn-ap-s- n-i-fmb ]WvUn-X- m F. C. ljv ap -am-cpss BXpc Nn -Iƒ si. hn. Cuk-t mb {]] cl-ky-ß-fpss Npcp-f-gn-bp-tºmƒ!! tum: C. si. apl-ωzv timgn-t msv ]Sn- m-dns\ e yw sh v Hcp ] Ww Hcp-ßp p apl-ωzv Da F v. G. {ioir-jvwt\m {iocm-at\m BcmWv ap Kman? s{]m^. cp{z-tzhv imkv{xn l-kvdøv Aen(-d)-s -Xn-sc-bp KqVm-tem-N\ auem\m tijv ap_m-d v AlvaZv hn-ip- -Jp -B-\n Zp -e-s hn-\-߃ Dt m? (c- mw`m-kw) F. ]n. Ip map Jp -B\pw {]] imkv{xhpw Hm m Uv AlvaZv IÆq Ipdn- p-iƒ, A\pkvac-Ww, hm Ø-Iƒ apj-nn{xw : akvpnzp \_hn, a Printed & Published by A. P. Kunhamoo, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Jama-at at Geethanjali Offset Press, Feroke, Calicut Edited by A. M. Muhammed Salim. Typeset, Layout & Cover Design : Victory Creations, Calicut Regd. No: 3337/75, Postel Regn. No: KL/NR/5-78/2003-05. Estd. 1925. Licensed to Post without Pre-payment. License No: PMG/CLT/NR/WPP/5-33/03 THE SATHYADOOTHAN MONTHLY kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 3 Vol. L XXI No. 9 Price Rs. 10/-

Jp -B-\n \n v ""Ah-cpsS \mys hn-\-߃ Ahsc Hm Ω-s -Sp-Øp- -Xmbm t]mepw _[n-ccpw A -cp-ambn Ah-c- Xns\ sims hogn-. (25:74). \_n-h-n\w m\w P\-ß-fn \n -I- p-t]m-ipw. F n v A -Xbpw Ip-g- -ßfpw {]Xy- s -Spw. "ldpv' h n- pw. At mƒ A\p- N-c- m tnmzn- p. F mwv "ldpv.' Xncpta\n ssi sim v Cßns\ BwKyw ImWn p. AXp-I- -t mƒ Xncp-ta\n simesb-bmwv Dt±-in- -sx v hy -am-bn. _pjmcn bp-k-i_vzw im -cmbn Nn n q lkvdøv an km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A) A tbm apkvenw ]WvUn-X- mtc Fs \ncm-i-cn- p Imcy-Øn \n߃ [rxn-s -S-cp-Xv. [rxn- n-s-bn a\p-jy\p s]s p {Kln- m-\m- ImØ cl-ky-߃ ]e-xp-ap v. tiƒ p am{x-bn Hcp Imcyhpw Xs X n- -f-bm \n߃ apxn-c-. AX kmxzn-i-cpss am w... i n {]tbm-kn v axw {]N-cn- n- m-\mbn bp w snøm-sa v Jp -B- \n FgpX-s - n-cn- p- -sx-hn-ss-bm-wv. t\sc adn v B hnip {KŸ- Øn emciv dml ^n±o ' (a-x-øn bmsxmcp \n _- -hp-an- ) F v A mlp ]d- n p -Xmbn ImWp- p. (In-ivXo-\q-lv) 4 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003

apj pdn v ]ptcm-k-a\ Nn Ckvemw a\p-jys\ kzx-{ -\mbn Nn n- m t{]cn- n- p-ibpw Ahs\ {]_p- -\m- p-ibpw snøp p. sszh hn-\-øn\v apºn t]mepw Nn Db Øn- n-sn- -W-sa v hnip Jp -B a\p-jyt\msv Blzm\w snøp- p. ""Ah-cpsS \mys hn-\-߃ Ahsc Hm Ωs -Sp-Øp- -Xmbm t]mepw _[n-ccpw A -cp-ambn Ah-c-Xns\ sims hogn-. (25:74). Nn n- m-ø-hsc Jp -B A[n-t -]n- p- Xv ImWpI.'' _p n D]-tbm-Kn- m-ø-h-cpss ta A mlp tim]w Cd- p- p. (10-:101) Xs ap Km-an-Iƒ \S hgn-bn-eqss am{xta \S q F imtyw _p n-]-c-amb Po W- Xsb ImWn- p- p. {]Xyp ]- -a-xn-xzsø BZ-cn- p-ibpw bym-ÿnxnixzsø shdp- p-ibpw snøp Jp -Bs Hcp hn\w ImWpI. ""A mlp Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xns\ \n߃ ]n ]- p-i-sb v Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s -Sp-tºmƒ A Rß-fpsS ]q ]nxm- sf GsXmcp am -Øn R߃ I pthm AXn-s\-bmWv R߃ ]n ]- pisb -h ]d-bp- p. F v, Ah-cp-sS ]q -]n-xm- ƒ bmsxm pw {Kln- m-ø-hcpw t\ am w {]m]n- møhcp-ambn-cp m t]mepw (2:171) AXp-t]mse `qcn-] w ]d-bp- -XmWv icn-sb v IcpXn Imcyßsf hnth-nn- p- -h-cp- v. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn `c-wm-[n-im-cn-isf Xnc-s -Sp- p-hm D]- tbm-kn- p `qcn-] kn m w kxy-kxym hnth-n-\-øn\p]tbm-kn- p- Xv an -t mgpw icn-b-. F m \ho-i-c-w, ]cn-jvi-cw hnπh {]ÿm-\-ßfpw `qc-n]- -Øn-s\-Xnsc Xncp- Ø i nbmbn- mwv hf p-h- -sx Imcyhpw \mw hnkva-cn- -cp-xv. Jp -B ]d-bp- p. ""`qan-bn-ep hcn A[nIw t]scbpw \o A\p-k-cn- p- -Xm-bm A m-lp-hns am - Øn \n pw Ah \ns sx n- p-i-fbpw Ah Xß-fpsS Dul-sØ-b- msx ]n -]- p- n-. Ah k - ]n p kwkm-cn- p-i am{x-amwv snøp- -Xv. (6:117) AXp-sIm- mwv Ckvemw ]d- Xv "ax-øn bmsxmcp \n _- -hp-an-.' (2:257) F v. as mcp hn\w Cßn-s\-bm-Wv. ""]d-bp-i, CXv \ns \my-\n \n p kxy-k-tµ-i-am- Ip CjvS-ap- -h hniz-kn p sim -s. CjvS-an- m-ø-h Ahn-iz-kn- p-ibpw snøs. (18:30). a\p-jys\ \n _- n- m-sx btyjvsw bp n-]q w Nn n- m-\-\p-h-zn- p Ckvemw ]ptcm-k-a\ Nn -b- msx as - mwv? kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 5

tej\w ic-wm nsb kwc- n- p sszhw lkvdøv AlvaZv (A) sszhsø am{xw B{i-bambn cp-xp Hcmƒ v sszhw F m A -Ønepw A`-b-a-cp-fp- p. 6 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 cmƒ Xs sszhønep H hnizm-k-øns _e-øn-\-\pk-cn v `uxn-i-x-bn-ep B {in-x-xzøn \n v apjw Xncn- p- p. hnizmkw F{X IqSp-X hnikn- p-ibpw ]ptcm-k-an- p-ibpw snøp- pthm A{X IqSp-X-embn Abmƒ `uxn-i-x-bn-ep B{in-X- Øz-Øn hnap-j-\m-hp p. hmkvxhøn temiw h -\m-fl- I-am-Wv F Xv {]I-S-am-Wv. ]ptcm- K-Xn v \nzm-\-am-sw v Icp-Xp `uxni temi-øns hkvxp- ƒ At[m-K-Xn v Imc-W-am-Ip- p. temi-øns BZ-chpw ÿm\hpw e`y-am-im kºøv aptj\ hympam-bxpw, h -\m-fl-ihpw, Ir{Xn-ahp-amb At\Iw am -߃ Ah-ew- _n- -s -Sp- p. Bfp-Iƒ Ah-cpsS e y-߃ ImWm Ak-Xy-amb am -߃ txsp- p. Ah-cpsS PohnX e y-ß-fpss km m mc-øn\v CØcw coxn-iƒ D]m-[n-bm- IWw F -h Icp-Xp- p. CXv GX w hsc-sb- m. CØcw Ip nx am -ß-fn-eqsS ssih-cn hnp-b-߃ Ah-cpsS kvt\ln-x- m v apºmsi hºn A`n-am-\- tømss hnh-cn- p- p. CXns\ aavcn^-øns bpw (ssz-hn-i- m- \-Øn-t -bpw) \oxn-bp-tsbpw ho - W-Øn hne-bn-cp-øp-tºmƒ AhcpsS Cu coxnbpw D]m-[n-Ifpw Ah v Gsd-\mƒ \o p-\n p kt m-jhpw kwxr-]vxnbpw {]Zm\w snøp- n- F v \ap v ImWm km[n- pw. Ft m-sg- nepw Ah-tcmSv CØcw Imcy-ßsf ] n tnmzn- pi. Ah Ft m-gpw \ncm-i-bp-ts-bpw, hnj-aøn-s bpw apjw ImWn- pw. im nbpw kt mjhpw Hcn- epw AhcpsS hz-\-ßfn {]Xy- -s -Sp- n-. A m-lp-hns A\p-{K-lØm am{xta Hcm-fpsS apjøv kwxr-]vxnbpss AS-bm-f-߃ {]I-S-am-hp-I-bp- q. GXp-hsc Hcmƒ sszh-øn ]q Æ-ambn hniz-kn- p- n- tbm GsXm-cmƒ sszh-øns hmkvzm-\- ߃ hniz-kn- p-ibpw Ah hnpb-߃ X -cp-fm siev]p- -h-\msw v Dd v hniz-kn- p-ibpw snøp- n- tbm GsXm-cmƒ Xs Pohn-X- Øn Hcp kaqe ]cn-h Ø\w km[y-am n k -cn-x-cpss am Øn Ncn- p- n- tbm Abmƒ v Hcn- epw ]q Æ kwxr]vxn e`n- n. A mlp Jp -B-\n ]d-bp- p. Ah kxy-hn-izm-kn-isf kwc n- pw. (7:197) AXm-bXv ]cn-jvi-c-w-øns bpw \ -bp-tsbpw am -Øn- k cn- p- -h\v A mlp c -I-\m-hpw. AØcw hy n-isf A m-lp F m- X-c-Ønepw kwc- n- pw. Hcmƒ v Hcp kwc- -I-\p-s - n Abm-fpsS ]e `mc-ßfpw Hgnhm- m Ign-bpw. Hcp amxmhv Ip ns c -I-bmbn h Øn- ptºmƒ Ip n\v AXns Bh-iyß-sf kw-_- n v H pw BIpe-s ts- -Xn-. amxmhv B Ip ns F m Bh-iy-ßfpw \nh Øn- psim-sp- pw. Ip ns Blmcw, hkv{xw, AXp-t]m-se-bp Xns\- mw amxmhv D IWvT-s - p-sim- ncn- pw. Ahƒ Ip ns Btcm Kyw ]cn-]m-en- p-ibpw AXn-s\- Ipfn- n v hrøn-bm- p-ibpw snøp- p. Nn-e-t mƒ amxmhv Ip v ` Ww Ign- m\pw ]m\obpw IpSn- m\pw hkv{xw DSp- n- m\pw sndpxmbn ASn- -p- p. Ip n\v Ah-s Bh-iy-ß-sf- m-sw v Adn-bp- n-. F m amxm-hn\v AX-dn-bp-Ibpw AXv \nh Øn- p Xn hym]r-x-bm-hp-ibpw snøp- p. Ip v amxm-hns kwc- W he-b-øn \n v hf v hep-xm-hp-tºmƒ kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw Ah-\v a p Nne c m-[n-im-cn-isfbpw kwc- -I-tcbpw Bh-iy-ambn-h-cp- p. Ah-s, c m-[n-im-cn-ifmhm a p ]e-tcbpw ]e coxn-bn

Ah txsp- p. Ahs ]e-hn[ Bh-iy-ßfpw \nd-th- m Ignt - m-hp a p- -hsc Ah Xs c m-[n-im-cn-ifpw kwc- -I-cp-ambn ImWm {ian- p- p. Ahs\ t]mse Xs kzbw _e-lo-\-cmb hy n-isf Ahs c m-[n-im-cn- Ifpw kwc- -I-cp-am- n-sh- p p. Ah-cm-Is Xß-fpsS kz w Bhiy-ß-fn Xs apßn- n-s- p- hcpw a p- -hcpss Bh-iy-߃ ]q Æ-ambn {i n- m Ign-hn- m-øh-cp-am-wv. Hcmƒ Xs a p- -h-cn-ep AØcw B{in-XXzw apdn- p-am- p- Ibpw kmxzn-i-am-sbmcp PohnXw \bn- p-ibpw kzbw ]cn-jvi-cn- p- Ibpw snøp- pthm AØ-c- m v sszhw kzbw kwc- -I\pw c m- [n-im-cnbpambn-øo-cpw. Ah-s F m Bh-iy-ßfpw, B{K-l-ßfpw ]q Øn-bm- n-x-cp- p. AØcw Bfp-Iƒ v bmsxm-cp-hn[ _mlyamb kwc- -I-t bpw Bhiyw th. Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-߃ Ah kzbw Adn-bp- -Xn-t\- mƒ IpSp-X-embn A m-lp-hn- -dn-bmw. AØ-c- m v A p-x-߃ Dfhm- p-amdv Ahs A\p-{K-l-ßfpw al-xz-ßfpw Ah-cn snmcn-bp p. sszhw Hcp a\p-jys c m-[n- Im-cn-bm-I-W-sa- n B hy n \nch[n L -ß-fn-eqsS IS pt]m-ti- - Xp- v. as mcp hn[-øn ]d- m Hcp hy n sszh-øns c m-[n-im-cnxzøn\p Iogn hcp- -Xn\p apºmbn a p ]e c m-[n- Im-cn-I-fp-tSbpw c m-i Xr-Xz-ØneqsS IS- p-t]m-th- -Xp- v. A mlp Jp -B\n ]d-bp- p. "" ]d-bpi Rm A`bw {]m]n- p- p. a\p-jycpss \my-s\, a\pjy-cpss cmpm-hn-s\, a\p-jy-cpss bym Bcm-[y-s\, ]n am-dn- f-bp Zp t_m-[-is D]-{Z-h-Øn \n v, a\pjy lrz-b-ß-fn Zp t_m-[\w snøp- -h-\-s{x Ah, Hcmƒ Xs a p- -h-cn-ep AØcw B{in-XXzw apdn- p-am- p-ibpw kmxzn-i-amsbmcp PohnXw \bn- p- Ibpw kzbw ]cn-jvi-cn- p- Ibpw snøp- pthm AØc- m v sszhw kzbw kwc- -I\pw c m-[n-imcnbpambn-øo-cpw. Ahs F m Bh-iy-ßfpw, B{K-l-ßfpw ]q Øn-bm- n-x-cp- p. ad- n-cn- p- -h-cn \n pw km[mcw a\p-jy-cn \n pap h '' (114-2- 7) BZy-ambn a\p-jy\v {]mb- ]q Øn-sb-Øp- Xp hsc amxm-]n- Xm- -fpss Bh-iy-ap v. AXn\vtijw Ah\v cmpm- - m-cp-tsbpw `c-wm-[n-im-cn-i-fp-tsbpw Bh-iy-ap- v. Ah IqSp-X hf-cptºmƒ Ah-s hni-e-x-iƒ aqew a p ]ecnepw Ah hnizm-k-a n- p- p. Ah-cm-Is Ah-s Bh-iy-߃ \nh Øn- p-sim-sp- m i n-bn- mø Zp e-cmb a\pjy Pohn-Ifm-Wv. Cu L -Øn-emWv Ah ÿntcm- m-l-tøm-sp-iqsn sszh- Øn- -te v (ssz-h-]m-x-bn ) Xncnbp- -Xv. sszhw am{x-amwv Xs bym c m-[n-im-cnbpw kwc- - I-\p-sa pw Ah-\-dn-bp- p. Cu Adnhv Ah-\n Af-h B\-µ- Øns Dd-hn-S-am-bn-Xo-cp- p. AhnSw apx Ah kwxr-]vxn-bp-ts-xmb Hcp Pohn-X-Øn {]th-in- p- p. sszhw Xs Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp p. ""Rm \ns apx-h n (kw-c-ivj ) BsW v. B \nanjw apx Ah kwxr-]vxn-bp-tsbpw kt m-j-øns bpw Ah-ÿ-bn-se-Øp- p. AsX mw hm p-i-fn Bhn-jvI-cn- m km[y-a-. Cu kµ `-Øn Hcp a\p-jys PohnXw F m-hn[ ZpJ-ß-fn \n pw ap -am-hp- p. euini Pohn-X-Øn-em-Is a\pjy\v Zp:Jß-sfm-gn t\c-an-. temi-øns Cu Dujc `qan-bn ap-gp-h ZpJ-ßfpw ap p-i-fp-am-wv. Hcp t]gvky ]gsamgn-bn ]d- - Xp-t]mse ""ChnsS thz-\-ifpw \nkq-v-amb hn]-øp-ifpa msx as - m-wp- - Xv. temi-øns XoIvjW-amb Duj-c-X-bn kam-izm-k-øn-\mbn sszh-øns ASp- -a- msx as - m- Wp- -Xv.'' sszhw Xs kvt\ln-xs c - I-\m-Ip Ah-ÿ-bn temi-øn s BIp-e-X-bn \n pw Ah ap -\m-ipibpw Ah bym B\-µ-Øns bpw Xr]vXn-bp-tSbpw Hcp Pohn-X-Øn-te v {]th-in- p- Ibpw snøp- p. AØcw Bfp- Iƒ v sszhøn \n p Hcp hmkvzm\w Cßn-s\-bm-Wv. ""h -h\pw A m-lp-hns\ kq n- p- -Xm-bm Ah\v A mlp c s -Sm-\p am -ap- m ns msp- p- -Xm-Wv. Ah-\p-t±-in- mø `mk-øpiqss A mlp Ah\v D]- Po-h\w \ Ip-Ibpw snøpw. (65: 3 4) BcmtWm kxy-hn-izmk-øns ]mx Xnc-s -Sp p- Xv, sszhw Ahs\ ki-e-hn[ Zp:Jß-fn \n pw in -I-fn \n pw c n- p- -Xm-Wv. sszhw kzbw Xs Ah s Imcy-ß-sf mw t\m p-ibpw Ah Hcn- epw hnnm-cn- mø am -ß-fn-eqsS Ahs\ klm-bn- p- Ibpw snøp- p. (a ^qkmøv hmfyw 17 t]pv 52-54) kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 7

tej\w hgnaps- nifmb ]WvUn-X- m F. C. ljv Bflob iq\y-amb ipjvi]mwvun-xyw snbvxp-iq- p ax-t{zm-l-ßsf n v Zu `m-ky-ß-fmwv c Ckvemans\ hnsmsx ]n p- S-cp- -Xv. H v Ckv-em-an\p t\sc-bp s]m -bmb kwi-bßfpw A[n-t -]-ßfpw ]mgm-hm am{xw hn[n- -s IpX-{ -ß-fpambn hne-kp i{xp-p-\w. at Xv D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amb Ahn-izmk hn[n- Ifpw Adp-h-j-f Nn m-k-xn-i-fpambn Ch v kup-\y-ambn hnsp- ]Wn snøp D -WvU-cmb De-amhr-µw. Cu c p hn`m-k-ßfpw XßfpsS i n-s m-ø-hn[w Ckveman\v timsmen shbv p- - Xn hym]r-x-cm-wv. F nepw Ckveman-s\ pw Hcm-bncw hnj-a-k- n-i-fp- m- p- -Xn, Ckvemans\ hg- m-fn-ifpss ax-am n m p- - Xn apº- n-bn De-am- q w Xs bm-sw- -Xn kwi-b-an-. AXpsIm- mwv Ch- -Isf Ckvemans Kp]vX-i-{Xp- ƒ F v AlvaZnøm {]ÿm\ ÿm]-i hmkvz-øakolv, lkvdøv AlvaZv (A) hnti-jn- n- -Xv. ""simxp-ins\ Acn- p-\o- p-ibpw H -IsØ A Sn hngp-ßp-ibpw snøp hcm-w-h '' C q- sc ac- W-a-S C{km-bo ako-lns ImesØ bqz-]-co-i am-tcmsv D]-an- p-sim v B alm-flmhv ]d-bp-i- 8 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 bp- m-bn. ""kz -cmpyw a\p-jy mbn sim n-b-s- p- p. Ahtcm AXn {]th-in- p-i-bn ; {]th-in- p- -hsc Ah-scm p IS-Øp-I-bpan-. ""\o p \o \a-kv mcw A\p-jvTn- pw. F m Ah-cpsS lrz-b-øn-em-is B bym Bcm-[ys t\sc kvt\ltam BZcthm C. anº-dn Ibdnbncp p hnim-c-`-cn-x-ß-fmb {]kwkw \S- Øpw. F m Ah-cpsS kzimcy PohnXw as m- m-bn-cn- pw.'' (^Øvsl Ckvemw, t]. 25) {InkvXp-a-XsØ tkhn- p- -h Cß-s\-sbm-s -bm-wv, Ch-cpsS hm pw {]hr-ønbpw XΩn-ep _ -sa- n, hnizmk Imcy-ß-fn sshcp- y-ß-fp-ssbpw hnh-c-t -Sp-Ifp-sSbpw Imf- qsw t]dp- -h-cmwv Cu hn`m-kw. Ckveman-s\- mƒ {InkvXp-a-XsØ Ch tkhn- p- p. Hcp `mkøv {]hm-n-ixz kam]vxn BtLm-jn- p-ibpw adp-`m-køv Ckvemans \ho-i-c-w-øn\v ]tc- X-\mb akolm {]hm-n-i-\mbn ho p-a-h-x-cn- m-\p-s si p-iy {]N-cn- n- p-ibpw snøp- p. _lpsszh hnizm-k-ß-tfm-sp shdp v ]pdsa {]I-Sn- n- p-sa nepw _lpssz-hm-i-b-ß-sfbpw a\p-jy-ssz-hß-sfbpw XpW- p Imcy-Øn X{ -]q w th p- -sx mw snøp- Xpw ImWmw. hnip- -Jp -B tbip-an-inlm ac-w-a-s- -Xmbn km yw \ Ip- p. Bflo-b-ambn Fs pw Pohn- p- {]hm-n-i apl-ωzv \_n (k) Xncp-ta\n am{xam-sw pw AXv kqnn- n- p- p. ]s, Ch-cm-Is Nne ap p \ymbß-fp-ambn h p ac-w-a-s akolm BIm-iØp Poh-t\m-sS-bncn- p-i-bm-sw pw {]hm-n-i- m-cpss \mb-i-\mb \_n (k) Xncp-ta\n aæn ad-am-snb shdp-samcp ih-icocw am{x-am-sw pw \ap v Xncp- ØnØ-cp p! {]hm-n-ixzw A mlp-hn \n p G hpw al-\o-bamb A\p-{K-l-am-sW- mwv hnip- - Jp -B ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. t]mb Ime-sØbpw `mhn-im-e-søbpw {]hm-n-i-xzsø ÿnco-i-cn- p F m-e-tø- p-ap Hcp kz Kob ap{z-bm-bn- mwv Xncp-\-_nsb AXv hmgvøp- -Xv. ]s Ch-tcm, {]hm- N-IXzw A\p-Kr-loXamb-sXms ]gb Ime-Øm-sW pw C\n AsXms im]-am-bn-cn- p-i-tb-bp- q-sh pw \n e w {]Jym-]n- p- p. \_n (k) Xncp-ta-\n v Ahkm-\sØ Hcp CjvSn-I-bpsS tdmfmsw pw At±-l-Øns BK-a-\- tømss {]hm-n-i-xz-am-ip axn

si n-_- n- -s - p-sh pw Ch \tωmsp ]d- p-x-cp p! ]s, {]hm-n-ixz kam]vxnbpss Cu Iev]nX axn-en Ckvem-ans\ ]p\- cp- -cn- m ]tc-x-\mb Cukm-\- _n v hcm-\p Hcp Xpf Ch-cp- m- n-bn- p- vxm\pw! F n p, {]hm- N-IXz kam]vxn ÿm]n- p-sims t]mse Dfp-t -Xp-an- msx Xß-fpsS Atcm-NI hnx-wvu-hmzw hnf-ºn-sim v " C\n-sbmcp {]hm-n- I-s tbm dkq-en-s tbm Bh-iyapt m?' F n-h \tωmsv tnmzn- p-ibpw snøp p!! {]hm-n-is\ ImØn-cn- p- -h kxy-øn sszhsø ImWm, a\p-jy-\nse bym Bflo-bX ]p\:krjvsn- m {]hm-n-is tbm dkq-en-s tbm Xs Bh-iy-ap- v. Bflo-b-ambn acn- -hsc ]p\-cp- ohn- n- m, hnkvar-xn-bn-em k am t_m[w hos -Sp- m, \ -bn-te- p kxy-amb B`n-ap- Jyw krjvsn- m {]hm-n-i- m p am{xta km[n- p-i-bp- q. AhcpsS Znhym- p-x-ß-fp-ssbpw kz Kobm-Sbm-f-ß-fp-sSbpw A`m-h-Øn bym sszh hnizmkw ]gw ]pcm- W-ß-fn am{xw HXp-ßp- p. sszh- Øns cq]w Z in- m-\p Z -Wam-b-Xp-sIm p Xs -bmwv Ahsc Cuiz-cm-h-Xm-c-ß-fmbn hnti-jn- n- -s -Sp- Xpw _lp-sszh hnizm-kn- Iƒ t]mepw Hcp \ bpk-øn-\mbn Cuiz-cm-h-Xm-csØ ImØp-I-gn-bp- Xpw. AXp-sIm- p-xs bmwv {]hm-n-ixz kam-]vxn-bpss BImi t m -bn AS-bn-cn- p- -h Xs At_m-[m-h-ÿ-bn ]pxn-sbmcp bpk-øn-\mbn ]tc-x-\mb Hcp {]hm- N-I-s\-sb- nepw ImØn-cn- p KXn-tI-Sn-se-Øn-bXv. Hcp {]hm-n- Is BK-a\w Cu B[p-\nI ImeØv kw-`-hy-am-sw bmym yw ASn-h-c-bn-Sp coxnbn F m ax-ß-fnepw hnizm-kn-iƒ n- S-bnepw C m-cy-øn-semcp ka-\zbw D m-bxpw AXp-sIm- p-x-s -bm- Wv. hnip- -Jp -B-\m-Is {]hm-n- I-XzsØ Ime-Øns Bh-iy-Øns\mØv s]øp ag-tbm-sp-]-an- p- Ibpw C{]-Imcw {]hm-n-i-xzsø {]k-cn- n- p Bflob ]nxrxzw \_n (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\-iz-c- mb Bflob km n-[y-øn-\p v F p Nq n- m- p-i-bp-amwv snøp- -Xv. hnip- -Jp -B ]d-bp- p. ""apl-ωzv \nß-fn Bcp-sSbpw ]nxm-h-, F m At±lw sszh- Øns ZqX\pw {]hm-n-i- m-cpss ap{z-bp-amwv'' (33:41) as m-cn-søv A i -bv n-s-bn- mø hn[w C{]-Imcw {]Jym-]n- p- p. ""A m-lp-hn-s\bpw Cu ZqXs\bpw A\p-k-cn- p- -h, A mlp A\p-{K-ln {]hm-n-i- m-tcm-ssm- am-bn-cn pw...'' (5:70) AXp-sIm- p-xs bmwv {]hm-n-ixz kam-]vxn-bpss BImi t m -bn AS-bncn- p- -h Xs At_m- [m-h-ÿ-bn ]pxn-sbmcp bpk-øn-\mbn ]tc-x-\mb Hcp {]hm-n-i-s\-sb- nepw ImØn-cn- p KXn-tI-Sn-se- Øn-bXv \n Ω-X-hmZ IqtSm-{X-߃ F m {]hm-n-i- mcpw Xß-fpsS P\-߃ v Bflob ]nxm- -fmsw n, apl-ωzv \_n (k) Xncpta\n {]hm-n-i- m p IqSn Bflo b ]nxm-hm-wv. Bflob k m-\- ß-sf-t m-w-ap sszh-zq-x- m v P w \ Ip-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ZuXye- ysø km y-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snøp Ahn-cm-a-amb Bflob t{kmx- mwv At±-l-sa Xncn- dn-hmwv hnip- -Jp -B \ Ip- - Xv. F m \_n (k) Xncp-ta-\nbpsS A\-`n-K-ay-amb Cu Hu Xyw {]hm-n-ixz kam-]vxn sb Ipdn- p- p-sh Xe-Xn-cn kn m w X n- q- m-\mwv ap -amcpw A m-aamcpw {ian- p-sim- n-cn- p -Xv. Xß-fpsS Cu kzbw IrX XØz- Øn\v \ymbo-i-cww \ Im Ckvemans bpw hnip- -Jp -Bs bpw F n-t\sd ax-øns Xs bpw then-nm-sn, Cc-hp-hm-ßnb Nne \n Ω-X-hmZ IqtSm-{X-ßfpw Ah Fgp- - n- pibp m-bn. a\p-jys _p n-]-camb ]Iz-Xsb kptaml\ Bi-b-amWv AXnsem- v. Ccp-]Xmw \q m- nse G hpw henb apkvenw Nn -I-\mbn sim m-s-s -Sp A mam k apl- ΩZv CJv_m, Cu amcww Im nbmwv sszhni am -Z i-\-øns hgn-ap-s- n- -f-bm-\p Xs kw`mh\ A n- -Xv. a\p-jy am\-kn- Ihpw ss[j-wn-i-hp-amb Xe-Øn ]IzX {]m]n L -Øn-emWv ]cn- ]q Æ thz-{k-ÿ-amb hnip- -Jp - B shfn-s - -sx k -ev]- Øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv At±lw CXv D -bn- -Xv. a\pjys Cu ]cn-]-iz-x (Maturity) GsX- nepw Znhy-]p-cp-j aptj-\- bp ssz\w-zn\ am -Z i-\- Øns Bh-iy-I-X-am-{X-a-, sszh- Øn \n p F m-xcw shfn-]m- Sp-I-sfbpw \nc -I-am- p- p s{x. {]hm-n-i-xzsø kw_- n A mam CJv_m-ens \mkvxni kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 9

K -ap Cu hnnn-{x-amb ho Ww GXv \n ΩX Ip n-bn \n p \pi -Xm-bn-cn mw?! Alva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns \memw Jeo^, a lpw lkvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZv (d-lva lpap- m...) AXv C{]-Imcw Xpd p Im p p. ""Hcp ]cn-]q Æ {KŸ-Øns km n[yw H p sim p-am{xw Hcp ax-k-aq-lsø ip o-i-cn- p-isb bxv\w \S- n-em- m-\m-hns v a\- n-em- m B[p-\nI _p n Pohn-Iƒ v F p-sim- mwv Ign-bm-ØXv? Aß-s\-sb- n, Bi-b-]-c-amb HsØm-cp-a-bpsS DZm- Ø-amb Ahÿ Ckvemans A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-bn-cp- nt \ne-\n-dptø- -Xv. \n `m-ky-h-im kxyw adn- m-w-t m. \ap- n-hn-ss, Znhw-K- X-\mb A mam k apl-ωzv CJv_m-ens\ \ymbo-i-cn v BsI IqSn ]d-bm-\m-hp- -Xv, Xs Cu hn- X-WvU-hmZw hgn sszhni {]Im-i- Øns hgn-ap-s- n- -f-bm-\p Bibw At±-l-Øns kz -sam- p-am-bn-cp- n-s - Xp am{x-am-wv. adn v At±-l-Øn\p ]nw A_ w {]ikvx P Ω XØz-Nn- -I \oxvtjsb A -ambn ]I Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp- p-sh p thww ]d-bm ''. (Revelation, Raitionality, Knowledge, and Truth) ISw hmßnb XØz-imkv{Xw P Ω Zm i-\n-i s{^{univ \oxvtjbpss (Friedrich Nietszhe) "AXn-am\pj' (Superman) k - Øns ax-]-c-amb tim n-bmwv XØz-Nn- -I-\mb alm-i-hn-bp-ts-sx- mwv AlvaZnøm Camw ChnsS shfn-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xv. \oxvtjsb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw sszh-sa- Xv, a\p-jys ]Iz-X-bn-se-Øp- -Xn-\pap-ºp Ime-L- -ß-fnse Ahs A]q Æ-amb bp n-kn n B{ibn Hcp k w am{x-am-wv. Ct mƒ a\p-jy ss[j-wn-i-ambn ]cn-]-iz-\m-bn-cns sszhw F p 10 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 ]d-b-s -Sp k -Øn \n p C\n-sbmcp am -Z i-\hpw txts Bh-iy-an-. Ahs Ign-hp-Ifpw kn n-ifpw Xs a\p-jy\v kzbw am -Z i\w \ Im ]cym-]vx-am- Wv. AXp-sIm- mwv "sszhw acn- p' F p \oxvtj {]Jym-]n- -Xv. lkvdøv an km Xmln Alv azv (d-lva-lp-ap- m...) C{]-Imcw XpScp- p. ""ISw hmßnb Cu XØz-imkv{XsØ sszh-øns Bh-iy-I- Xsb A Sn X n- -f-bp- -Xn-\pth n D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xn\v ]I-c-ambn, A mam CJv_m AXnse ]IzXm k ]-sa-sp-øv CkvemanI hrø-øn-\p- n Xs kz w XmXv]-cy-Øn- -\p-kp-w-ambn \ shsn- n snøn-an-\p- p-i-bm-wp- m-bxv... CJv _mens t`z-kxn {]Im-c-ap Cu ]IzXm k ]w (Maturity Concept) {]hm-n-i-xz- Øns Bh-iy-I-Xsb am{x-a-, sszhøn \n- p {]hm-n-i-xz-hpambn _ -an- mø shfn-]m-sp-ifpss cq]-øn-ep- GsX- nepw Bib hn\n-a-b-øns Bh-iy-I-Xsb-t mepw ap qspw Xnc-kvI-cn- p- p. a\p-jy Ah\v CXn-\Iw {]Zm\w snø-s am -Z i-\- Øns shfn- -Øn Xs F m kp{]-[m\ Imcy-ßfpw Xocp-am- \n m {]m]vx-\mbn Ign- n- p- v. C\n-b-h Xs Ip p-hn-c-ep-iƒ sim v {]hm-n-is ssi]n-sn v \St sim p- -Ip- n-sbm- p-a- F v CJv_m hmzn- p- p. kz w Imcyw t\m m Ah {]mb- ]q Øn-bn-se-Øn- -gn- nt? {]Xy- -Øn bp n-]-c-amb \ymbhm-zw. ]s, Cu hmz-k-xn-bpss km -ev]n-i-xbpw s]m -Ø-chpw ImWm a\p-jys Bflob\n K- Xn-bn-te pw km m ni Zmcn-{Zy- Øn-te- pap Hsc-Øn-t\m w am{xw axn-bmhpw'' (ibid) Ckveman {]hm-n-i-xz-øns A\p-kyq-Xm-h-ÿsb \ntj-[n- m- \p Xnc- n, AlvaZnøm Pam-A- Øns\-Xn-cn, Cßs\ s{^{univ \oxvtj-bpss timew si n Ah-Xcn- n alm-i-hn, ImsW msw Xs Pohn-X-Øns Ah-km\ bmaß-fn Zo\pw [ Ωhpw ]Sn p ]pd- Øp-sh v B \mkvxni Zm i-\n- Is Hcp ]q Æ-amb injy-\mbn cq]m- cw {]m]n- p- -XmbmWv ImWm Ign- Xv! {]hm-n-ixzw im]-sa v {]hm-nimka-\-øns hgn-ap-s- "al-ømb ss[-j-wni tkh- \ß' f n as m-cmƒ Pam-AsØ Ckveman ÿm]-i-\mb auem\m A_p AAvem auzq-zn-bm-bn-cp- p. CkvemanI Ncn-{X-Ønse BZysØ `oi-c- mcmb Jhm-cnPo-ßfpsS amxri ]n ] n, "\nb-a-\n Ωm-Wm- [n-imcw A m-lp-hn\p am{xw' F p ap{zm-hm-iy-ap-b Øn, Ifhpw Iem- ]hpw simsnb `c-w-sh-dn-bp-ambn cwkw ssiø-s- nb Bfm-bn-cp p Ct±-lw. sszhni t_m[-\hpw ssz hn-i-am Z i-\-hp-sams auehn auzq-znsb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw elp-hmb t]mfnkn Imcyß-fm-b-XpsIm v ] v tbip-hns t]cn t]mƒ At m-kvx-e si ntb n "\ymb {]amw im]w' F hnie ]mtw t]mse, Ckvem ans t]cn {]hm-n-ixzw Xs Ct±lw im]-am n am p-i-bmwv snbvxxv. auzq-zn-bpss A`n-{]m-b- Øn apl-ωzv \_n (k) Xncp-ta- \nbv v tij-ap "{]hm-n-ixz ]cnk-am]vxn' a\p-jy-cm-in v s]mxpshbpw apkvenwiƒ v {]txy-in- pap Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp sszhm- \p-{k-l-am-wv. Imc-Ww, C\n-sbmcp sszh-zq-xs\ IqSn \ntj-[n- p-isb Zp m-l-k-øn \n p CXv Ahsc kwc- n- pi am{x-a-, {]hm-ni \ntj[w aqew Ign Xe-ap-d-Iƒ p- mb sszh im]w Bh Øn- p- Xv Fs -t - p-

ambn XS-bn-Sm\pw CXv D]-I-cn- p p!! {]hm-n-i-xzsø kw_- n auehn auzq-zn-bpss Cu simsnb sszh-zq-jww hni-i-e\w snbvxp-sim v AlvaZnøm Camw lkvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZv (d-lvalp-ap- m..) Cßs\ DW Øn: ""P\w i]n- -s -t - p-sa Xp sim- v {]hm-n-ixz kwhn-[m\w BXy- n-i-ambn Ah-km-\n- n- p-ibm-sw- n, AXv {]hm-n-ixzw Xs im]-am-sw p {]Jym-]n- p- -Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. Cßs\ auzq- Zn-bpsS \h t]m-fn-b XØz-imkv{X-Øn\v th -Xv, sszhw {]hm- N-I-Xz-am-Ip "im]'sø ap q-spaßv FSp-Øp-I-f-bpI F -Xm-Wv... ]s, Cu \ymb-hmzw `mhn-bn-te- p {X Xs `qx-im-eøpw _m[- I-am-bn-cn- p-sa v Hm Øn-cn-t - - XmWv... Cu im]w ] p-im-eøp Xs Ah-km-\n- n- m sszhw C n- m-xn-cp- Xv F p-sim- m-sw- Xv hnkva-b-icw Xs. {]hm-n- I amcp-am-bp G p-ap- -ens kpzo L-I-amb Ncn-{X-Øn-se-ºmSpw blq-z-p-\-x v F mwv kw`-hn- Xv? Zmho-Zns \mhn \n v Ah i]n- -s - n-cp- nt? tbip (A) s bpw tamsi (A) s bpw Ime-L- -߃ n-s-bn {KŸm-\p-kmcn-I-fmb P\-X v F mwv kw`-hn- Xv?... F n- pw auzq-zn v ]nsn- In- nb Bibw sszh-øn\v ]nsn-in- n-bn! Cu sszhni anøv auzq-znbpss a\- n cq]w ]q H m-b- Xp-sIm- m-bn-cn- ptam AXv? CØc-Øn-ep hnie hn[n Xo v At±l-Øns `mh-\m-krjvsn am{x-am- Imt\ hgn-bp- q. sszhw {]hm-n-i- msc H n\p ]n n as m- mbn Ab- p-sim-t -bn-cp-s - nepw Al- m-cnbmb a\p-jy Ahsc Hs m- mbn \ntj-[n- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. CXp-hgn Ah G p-hm-ßnb im]- Øn\v {]hm-n-ixz kwhn-[m-\-søb Ip -s -Sp-tØ Xv, adn v Ahsc Xs bmwv Ip -s -Sp-tØ- Xv.''(ibid) Hcp `mkøv {]hm-n-ixz kam]vxn BtLm-jn- p- Ibpw adp-`m-køv ac-w-a- S Cukm-\-_n-bpsS ]p\- cm-k-a-\-øn-ep hnizmkw hgn C\n-sbmcp {]hm-n- Is Bh-iy-IX G p-]-dbp-ibpw snøp KXn-tI- SmWv Ch-sc-sbms At_m-[m-h-ÿ-bn ]n p- S -h p- -Xv. Zcn-{Z-amb hnizm-k-ssh-irxw BZw \_n apx apl-ωzv \_n (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bp-tSXp hsc-bp Ime-L- -ß-fn {]hm-n-i- msc Ab- m-\p- mb \ymbo-i-cwßfn auzqzn Xo -bmbpw hnizkn- n- p- m-h-ww. Ah-tcm-Sp \ntj-[w, \ntj-[n- -h-cn sszhim]w hnfn- p-h-cp-øn-sb- n, Cu i]vx-cpss ] n-i-bn Hcp hn`mkw IqSn tncp- -Xp-sIm v {]txy-in v F v XI-cm-dm-Wmthm D m- pi? ]s, {]hm-n-ixz ]cn-k-am-]vxn- pth- n-bp im]-`ojwnbpss hmtdm-e-iƒ n-s-bnepw auzqzn sszh- Øns {]hm-n-i-s\ \nebn Cukm-\_n (A) ]p\cm-k-a\w snøp-sa hnizm-k-ap bmfmsw p IqSn ImWp-tºm-gmWv \mw A w-hn- p-t]m-ip- Xv!! AlvaZnøm Jeo-^. lkvdøv an km Xmln AlvaZv (dlv-a-lp-ap- m...) tnmzn- p p: ""]gb Cukm-\-_n v ]I-c-am-bn, apkvenwiƒ n-s-bn \n p-xs ]pxn-sbmcp \nb-a-hm-ln-b- mø Hcp {]hm-n-i Fgp-t n- -s -Sp-Ibm-sW- n At±lw im]-øns Cu _rl-ømb A\-izc ] - Xnbv v GXp hnt[-\-bmwv `wkw hcp-øpi? BZw \_n-bp-ss Imew apx At±-l-Øn-\papºp kie {]hm-n-i- mcpw A\p-kyqX im]- Øns CtX sszhn-i-hn-[nsb tkhn- -h-cm-bn-cn-s, F p-sim v At±-l-Øns BK-a\w am{xw Bt -]-I-c-am-hWw?'' (ibid) Hcp `mkøv {]hm-n-ixz kam]vxn BtLm-jn- p-ibpw adp- `m-køv ac-w-a-s Cukm-\-_nbpsS ]p\-cm-k-a-\-øn-ep hnizm kw hgn C\n-sbmcp {]hm-n-is Bh-iy-IX G p-]-d-bp-ibpw sn øp KXn-tI-SmWv Ch-sc-sbms At_m-[m-h-ÿ-bn ]n p-s h p- -Xv. hnh-c-ap apkvenw Itf, C{X Zcn-{Z-amb hnizmk sshir-xhpw t]dn C\n-bp-sa{X Imew?! IjvSw!! Zm\hpw ]mcn-txm-jn-ihpw Xncp-ta\n (k) ASp h -hcpw h ` W km[-\hpw sim p-h- m ""CXv Zm\tam AX F\n- p ]mcn-txm-jn-itam'' F v Xncp-ta\n (k) tnmzn- pw. Zm\w F p ]d- m \n-߃ Xn psim- pi F v A\p-N-c- m-tcmsv Ahn-Sp v Acpfpw; Xncpta\n (k) Ign- pibn-. ]mcn-txm-jn-i-am-sw p ]d- m-tem. DSs\ Xncp-ta\n (k) ssi\o n Ah-tcm-sSm w ` n pw. (_p-jm-cn). kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 11

tej\w ap -am-cpss BXpc Nn -Iƒ si. hn. Cuk-t mb kap-zm-bsø tcmkm-xp-c-am- p- -XmWv ]Wn-UvX- m-cpss \ne-]m-sp-iƒ `mx hm Ø-Iƒ mbn Sn. hn {] bpss ap n-en-cn- p-tºmƒ, XmSnbpw Xe- mhpw [cn v hnirx apj-`m-h-tømss txm n\v ]n n \n p "apkvenw `oic ' F Hma-\-t tcmsv IqSnb Hcp Xo{h-hm-Zn-bpsS apj-am-bn-cn pw B Zyw {]Xy- -s -Sp- -Xv. Bcm-Wn-bm ƒ? Cbmƒ `oxn ]c-øp hn[zw-k I {]h Ø-\-߃ Imcy-km- y-øn- \p D]m-[n-I-fm n kzoi-cn sx n-\m-bn-cn pw? \njvi-f- hpw A\ L-hp-amb a\p-jy-po-hn-x-sø simbvsxm-sp- p-hm Cbmsf t{]cn- n- p LS-I-߃ F mwv? F n\v th n-bmwn-bmƒ \njv^ehpw \njvtq-c-hp-amb CØcw IrXy߃ snbvxp-iq- p- -Xv? Nn Ifh-km-\n- p- Xv {]Xyp-Ø-c-an- mø CØcw tnmzy-ß-fn-emwv. \n mccpw, Aev]-cp-amb GXm \pw Nne hy n-i-fpss CØcw \on- Ir-Xy-߃, \njvi-f- cpw \nc-]cm-[n- I-fp-amb `qcn-]- -Øn-t Kpcp-Xc {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ kwpm-x-am- phm am{xta DX-Ip-I-bp- q. `oic {]h Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS {Iqc-X-I-fpw, kwlm-c-xm-wvu-h-ßfpw Agn vhnsp- -h Bcm-bn-cp- mepw AXn-\pth n ax-tøbpw sszh-tøbpw Iq p-]n-sn- p- -Xn bmsxmcp \oxo- I-c-W-hp-an- -X-s. CØ-c- m 12 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 [m Ωn-I-ambpw kmaq-ly-ambpw am v A ln- p- p-an-. CXn\v ]n n {]h Øn- p- Xv axtam sszhtam A. adn v ax-øns s]mbvap-j-[mcn-i-fm-b-, ÿm]nx X ]-ccpw A[n- Imc tamln-i-fp-amb ax-cm-jv{s-hm-zn- I-fm-Wv. Ah-cpsS s]mbvapjw hen v am n-bm X\n-\ndw {]Xy- -s -Sp- Xv ImWmw. sszhhpw axhpw ]dbmøxn hniz-kn- p- -h-cm-w-h-. Cu A[a {]Xyb imkv{x-amwv Ah-cpsS thz-]p-kvx-iw. CØ-c- mcpss hnizm-k-߃ pw {]h Ø-\- ߃ pw ax-]-c-amb bmsxmcp \oxo-i-c-w-hp-an-. kam-[m-\-ønt bpw km -eu-ini kmtlm-z-cy- Øn-t bpw Z i-\-߃ ImgvN-sh- p Ckvemans kpµc hz-\øn snfn hmcn-sb-dn-bp Iem-]-Im-cn-Ifm-Wn-h. Ckvem-an ]utcm-lnxyw hyhÿ snø-s - n- n-. Ckvem-an a\p-jy\v t\cn v sszh-hp-ambn _ w ]pe Øm-hp- -Xm-Wv. Ckv em-ani XXz-kw-ln-X-I-f-\p-k-cn v AXn\v Hcp CS-\n-e- m-cs Bhiy-an-. Ipº-kmcn- p-ibpw ]m]-\nth-z\w tiƒ p-ibpw snøp coxn Ckvem-an-en-. Hcp hnizm-kn v t\cn v sszh-tømsv ]m]-tam-n-\-øn- \mbn {]m n- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. km[n- p-sa- n Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw A p t\csø {]m -\-Iƒ ] n-i-fn A\p-jvSn-t - -Xm-Wv. AØcw kµ `-ß-fn {]m \ \bn- p- -Xn-\mbn Ah Hcmsf Xnc-s -Sp- p- p. Cßs\ Xncs -Sp- -s -Sp Bƒ Ah-cn sht - hpw [ Ω\njvTbp- -h\pw m\n-bp-am-bn-cn- -Ww. ax-]-c-amb ]cn- m\w B n- p- -Xn Nne a p- -htc mƒ A[nIw Xm ]cyw ImWn-s - n-cn- pw. CkvemwaX hnizm-kn-i-fpss ASnÿm-\-{KŸw Jp -B-\m-Wv. \ Jp -B-\nI m\hpw AXns ]cn-`m-jbpw hymjym-\-hp-a-dn-bp- h v a p- -h-tc- mƒ _lp-am- \yx \ I-s -Sp- p. AØcw ]cn- m-\n-i-fmwv km[m-c-w-bmbn ] n-i-fn {]m -\-Iƒ \bn- p Cam-ap-I-fmbn (ap-jy-i Ωn-Ifm-bn) Xnc-s -Sp- -s -Sp- -Xv. Jp -B, apl-ωzv \_n (k) bneqss AhX-cn- -s sszh-h-n- \-ß-fm-sW- mwv Hmtcm apkvenans bpw hnizmkw. sszhw a\p-jy-ipe-øn\v t\cn v \ Inb ktµ-i-ßfm-w-xv. A m-c-w-øm Xs Hmtcm apkven-an-t bpw lrz-b-øn Jp -B\v Hcp kap- X ÿm\-hpap v. Ad-_n-`m-j-bn-ep ]mwvun Xyw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. `mjm-]-c-amb ]cn- m-\-øns A\n-hm-cyX

"ap m- ƒ' F -dn-b-s -Sp Hcp- Xcw hymp-]p-tcm-lnx h -Øns {]mzp `m-h-øn\v If-sam-cp- n-øo Øp. Pohn- p-hm th n thjw si nb apdn-ssh-zy- m-cpss khn-tij-x-i-tfmsv IqSnb {]txy-i-xcw Bfp-I-fmWv "ap m- ƒ' F Xv sim v hnh- n- p- -Xv. sszh-imkv{x-øn- ]q Æ ]cn- m\w kn n- mø, ASn-ÿm\ hnzym-`ym k tbmky-x-t]mepw t\sn- -bn- n- mø, ]e-t mgpw FgpØpw hmb-\bpw am{xw Adn-bp hy n-i-fm-wn-h. Jp -B-\n-epw, lzo-kn-epw, \_n-xncp-ta\n (k) bpss kp -Ønepw D]- cn-π-h- - m\w am{x-am n Chcn ]ecpw {]kw-k-nm-xpcyw D h-cm-wv. Jp -B-\n-Im- ym-]-\-ß-fpss ss\bm-ani {]mtbm-kn-i-x- v, lzokn-epw, kp -Øn-ep-ap Kl-\-amb ]cn- m\w A\p-t]- -Wo-b-am-Wv. Ad-_n-`m-j-bn th {X {]mho Wyw kn n- n- n- mø Ch v, ASnÿm-\-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-sf- p-dn v Ad-_n-`m-j-bn kwh-zn- p-hm-\p Ignhpw ImWp-I-bn. AXvsIm v Xs Ch v Ckvem-anI kn m- -ß-sf- p-dn- pw, XXz- m-\-ß sf p-dn- p-ap Ah-Km-l-hpw \s Ipd-hm-bn-cn- pw. CØ-c- m-cpss {]t_m-[\ {]`m-j-w߃ an hmdpw Htc hnj-bsø Np n- - nbp Xpw, Xß-fpsS t{im Xm- -fn sshim-cni kzm[o\w snep-øphm ]cym-]vx-am-b-xp-am-bn-cn- pw. ASn-ÿm\ hnzym-`ym-k-øns A`m hw ImcWw Ch-cpsS A\p-`-h- m \w Xs Ipd-hpw, Hcn- cq]o-ir- X-amb A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw ho -Wßfpw hfsc ITn-\hpw am -߃ v hg-ßm-ø-xp-am-bn-cn- pw. Xpd N -bn ]s -Sp- p-hm Ch v Xm ]-cy-ap- m-hp-i-bn-. {]`m-j-wß-fn-eqss t{imxm- sf {]tim-]n- n v D -Ø-cm n Cf- n-hn-sp- -Xn Ch AXoh ka -cm-wv. kzp-]- tz-i-ß-fpw, kzv`m-h-\bpw hym]-cn- n- hln- p- -Xpw, hnhm-l-tam-n-\-t kp-i-fn Xo v Iev]n- p- Xpw ap m- -fm-wv. ]e-t mgpw hnhm-lmtem-n-\-iƒ \S-Øp- -Xpw, ico- AØv \nb-a-ß-fpss hnz-kvtzm-]-tzi-߃ \evip- Xpw ap -am-cm-bn-cn- pw. Ime- -g- w-sim v h n v h kzm[o\ hym]vxn, ap m- sf Ah-cpsS {]h Ø\ awvu-e߃ p-d-ap Imcy-߃IqSn Iø- S- p-hm klm-bn- n-cn- p p. CS-h-I- m ap m- -tfmsv hnizmkyx ]pe Øp- -h-cm-wv. D]-tZi {]kw-k-ß-fn-eqssbpw {]kvxm-h-\-ifn-eq-ssbpw ap m- ƒ CS-h-I- msc kwxr-]vx-cm- p- p. CØcw D t_m[\ {]kvxm-h-\-i-fn [mcmfw D -c-wn-ifpw ImWpw. ]e D -c-wn- Ifpw sx n-s - nepw sx n- -cn- n- - Ø- -Xm-bn-cn- p-ibpw snøpw. ap m- -fpss B[n-Im-cn-IXsb tnmzyw snøm ]e pw `b-am-wv. tnmzyw snø sszhn-i-h-n-\-ßsf [n -cn- p- -Xn\pw tnmzyw snøp- -Xn\pw Xpey-am-sW- mwv Ahsc ]d v [cn- n- p- -Xv. CX- msx ap m- ƒ v thsd PohnX am -ß-fn-. ]ecpw a v ]e-tpm-en-i-fnepw G s v ]cm-p-b-s - -h-cm-wv. ap m-hr Øn Ah s mcp Pohn-X-am w am{x-am-wv. apkvenw cmpy-ß-fn, Hcp ap m bv v Xt±-i-`-c-W-Øn-tem, ap\n-kn-, kwÿm-\, `c-w-k-an-xn-i-fntem, tziob `cwiqs-øntem D ÿm\w Abm-fpsS A\p-bm-bn-IfpsS FÆsØ B{i-bn- n-cn- p- p. Abm-fpsS hmivt[mc-wnbpw Xo s mcn {]kw-k-ß-fp-a-\p-k-cn- v, A\pbm-bn-I-fpsS FÆhpw h n v sim n-cn- pw. t{imxm- -fpss FÆw h n- pw-t mdpw P\-ßsfbpw Kh sa n-s\bpw kzm[o-\n- p-hm- \p Ignhpw h n v hcp- p. Cu ap m- sf \nb-{ n v \n Øp-hm\pw, Ah v ISn- m-wn-sp-hm-\p-ap kwhn-[m-\-øns A`mhw Chsc hfsc A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm- n-øo Ønap m- -fpss B[n-Im-cn- IXsb tnmzyw snøm ]e pw `b-am-wv. tnmzyw snø sszhn-i-h-n-\-ßsf [n -cn- p- -Xn\pw tnmzyw snøp- -Xn\pw Xpey-am-sW- mwv Ahsc ]d v [cn- n- p- -Xv. CX- msx ap m- ƒ v thsd PohnX am - ß-fn-. ]ecpw a v ]e-tpm-en-ifnepw G s v ]cm-p-b-s - -hcm-wv. ap m-hrøn Ah s mcp Pohn-X-am w am{xam-wv. p- -Xn\v ]I-cw, t]m hn-fn-i-fpssbpw bp {]Jym-]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw CSn-ap-g- -ß-fm-bn-cn pw Ch-cpsS {]`m-j-w-ß-fn tiƒ p- Xv. Npcp w Nne cmpy-ß-fnse ap am v am{xta k m ssã pw, s] j\pw] n Pohn- p-hm-\p ku`mkyw kn n- n- p- q. F m _m n H pap- mepw a p- -h-cpss HuZm-cy-Øn Pohn- p- -h-cm-wv. Nne-t mƒ Ch GsX- nepw ] n- I-fn Cam-ap-I-fmbn \n -bn- -s - Sp- p. {]m -\-I-fn CS-h-I- msc (al v \nhm-kn-i-sf) \bn- p Ch ] n-h-i -th-x\w ] p- -h-cmbn-cn- pw. Ime-{I-taW Ch-cpsS kzm[o\w apkvenw kaq-l-øns \nxy-po-hn-x-øn-te pw IS v sn p- p. hnhm-l- -S-ßp-I-fpsS Im an-ixzw \n h-ln- p- -Xpw, ihkw-kv mc NS-ßp-I-fn t\xrxzw kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 13

cn- p-i-bm-wv. Ata-cn- -bn N p I-fn, hyh-ÿm-]nx am -ß-fneqsS AwK-߃ v Ah-cpsS ]ptcmln-x- m-sc- p-dn- p ]cmxn tcjs -Sp-Øp-hm-\p Ah-k-c-ap- v. F m ap m- sf Xf-bv p-hm-\pw, imkn- p-hm-\p-ap bmsxmcp kwhn- [m-\hpw Fhn-sSbpw ImWp- n-. Zp -e-amb P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-hÿ \S-am-Sp cmpy-ß-fn ap m- ƒ simsnip-øn-hm-gp Xmbn I p-h-cp- p. Nne apkvenw cmpy-ß-fn Ah sc \nb-{ W hnt[-b-cm- msx Agn v hnsp- -Xns ^e-ambn Ahn-S-ßfn ap m- -h w AXoh i nbm n- n- p- -Xmbn ImWp- p. an apkvenw \msp-i-fnepw Bcv `cn- Ww Bsc ad- n-sww F v Xocpam-\n- p- Xv ap m- -fm-wv. Cdm-\n k am dpjvzn-bpss Xe v hne \n -bn- -Xpw, ]m n-ÿm-\n Alv a-znøm Pam-A-Øns\ Aapkv enw-ifmbn {]Jym-]n- -Xns ]n n {]h Øn- Xpw Ahn-S-ß-fn i nti-{µ-ß-fmbn {]h Øn- p ap m- -fm-bn-cp- p. ap m- -fpss {]h Ø-\-߃ v hne- p-i-fpw, ]cn-an-xn-i-fpw \ne-hnep cmpy-ßfpap v. kuzn Atd- _y-t]mse cmp-hm-gvn-\n-e-hn-ep cmpy-ß-fn ap -am-cpss {]h Ø-\- ߃ v ]cn-an-xn-iƒ \n -bn- -s - n- p- v. Ahn-S-ß-fn cmpmhv Xs Hcp ap^vxnsb (C-kvem-anI [ Ωimkv{X ]WvU-nXs\) \nb-an- p-ibmwv ]Xn-hv. Chn-S-ß-fn ap am v btyjvsw ^XvhIƒ (a-x-]- c-amb DØ-c-hp-Ifpw hn[n-i-fpw) ]pds -Sp-hn v \miw hnx- p-hm-\p kzmx-{ y-an-. Dd ti{µo-ir-x-`cw IqS-ß-fp cmpy-߃, Xo{hhm-Zn-I-fmb ap -am P\-ßsf Cf- n-hn-sp- -Xv I i-\-ambn \ntcm-[n- n-cn- p- p. CuønsS CuPn-]vXn `c-w-iqsw ax-{`m- - m-cmb ap m- sfbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw hf- p]n-sn v Xpd- n-e-s- vsim- v, AhnsS B v hoinb ax-au-eni 14 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 hmz-øn\v AdpXn hcp-øn-bxv CXns mcpzml-c-w-am-wv. ti{µo-irx `cw \nb-{ -W-ap cmpy-ß-fn am{xsa CØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ^e-{]- Z-am-hp-I-bp- q. axau-en-i-hm-zn-ifmb ap -am-cpss AXn-{]-kcw \nehn-ep cmpy-ß-fnepw, `c-w-iq-sßfn ap -am v kpoh ] m-fn- Ø-ap cmpy-ß-fnepw Hcn- epw im n-bpw, kam-[m-\hpw, \oxn-bpw, ]ptcm-k-xnbpw ]pe-cp-i-bn-s - mwv `qx-ime Ncn-{Xhpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw a\- n-em- n-ø-cp- -Xv. \ΩpsS Ab cm-py-amb ]m n-ÿm CXns mcp H mw-xcw DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ap -am-cpss kzm[o-\-ap-]-tbm-kn v A[n-Im-c-Øn-te-dp Kh- sa p- Iƒ ap m- -tfmsv {]ow-\-\bw ssis m- p-hm \n - n-x-cm-hp- p. ico-aøv `c-w-øns t]cn ap m- ƒ v `cw hyh-ÿn-xn-ifn D -X-ÿm-\-am-\-ßfpw Ah-kc-ßfpw \ I-s -Sp- p. knhn tims-xn-iƒ -i-co-aøv tims-xn-ifmbn am -s -Sp- p. kp{]ow timsxn PUvPn-am-cmbn ap m- ƒ \nb-anx-cmhp- p. k m-cns ap m {]ow-\- \-b-øn-\p-zm-l-c-w-ß-fm-wn-h. t_ v F u- p-i-fn \n v t\cn v ]ncn-s -Sp- -s -Sp "k møv' Fßs\ hn\n-tbm-kn- -s -S-W-sa v Xocp-am-\n- p- Xpw ap m- -fm-wv. ]m n-ÿm-\n knbm-d l- Jns `cw ImeØv ico-aøv `c- W-sa I]-S-\m-a-Øn I i-\-`-c- W-ta s -Sp-Øp-I-bp- mbn ap m- fpss Bin hm-z-tømss temi-ønem-zy-ambn Hcp `uxni `c-w-iqsw Hcp hn`mkw apkvenw-isf Aapkvenw \yq\-]- -ambn {]Jym-]n- p-i-bp- mbn. Alva-Zn-Iƒ \a-kvi-cn- m in n- -s -Spw. _m v hnfn- m Xpd- n-e-s-bv -s -Spw. Ckvem-anI A`n-hm-Z-\-߃ ssiam-dn-bm Ad Ãv snø-s -Spw. Alva-Zn-Iƒ v Ien a snm m ]msn-. Ien-a-Iƒ, B- te-j\w snø-s Alva-Znøm ] n- Iƒ s]mfn- -s -Spw. Xa- ns Ime- L- -Øn Ckvem-ans i{xp- ƒt]mepw snøm-\-d v \n n-cp lo\-ir-xy-߃, a\p-jy-a-\ m- nsb sr n- n- p [m jvsytømspw i{xp-x-tbmspw IqSn Ch \S- n-em- n. CsX mw Ckvem-ant bpw A m-lp-hns bpw t]cn-embn-cp p snbvxp Iq n-b-xv. CXn \n pw A m-lp-hns\ pdn pw axsø- p-dn- p-ap Ch-cpsS k ]hpw Bflm -Xbpw \ap v Duln- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. am\-hn-i-xbpss {]hm-n-i-\m-bn-cp apl-ωzv \_n(-k) ]Tn- n am\p-jn-i-aq-ey-ßfn-e-[n-jvtn-x-amb Ckvem-a-X-Øns \mb-i- m-cmtwm Ch? AtXm Bcm- m-c- mtcm? knbm-d l-jns `c-w-im-eøv Zo L-Zq-c-_kv bm{x- m n-s-bn Hcp-ap \a-kv -cn- p-hm th n _ v \n Ø-W-sa v Bh-iy-s - m ss{uh AXv A\p-k-cn- phm \n _- n-x-\m-bn-cp- p. klbm-{xn-i-cpss Aku-I-cy-߃ Ah- K-Wn- vsim- v, s]mcn-bp NqSn-embm-epw, ac-hn- p XWp- n-em-bm epw Ccp-]tXm Ccp-]-Øt m an\n v t\cw _kv tdmu-cp-in \n Øn s msp- -W-am-bn-cp- p. ITn\XShn\v in n s Spsa `bw Imc Ww ss{uh am v AX-\p-k-cn- p- I-b- msx a v am -ß-sfm- p-ap- mbn-cp- n-. ax-au-en-i-hm-zn-i-fpss Icn-\n-b-a-ß-fm-bn-cp p CsX- mw. bm{xm-th-f-i-fn-ep {]m \mhn-[n-i-sf- p-dn v Adn-bm-ØXv sim m-bn-cp- n- CXv. Xß-fpsS CjvShpw C bpw [m y-tømss \S- m n kza-x-ÿm-]\w \S-Øp-hm- \p \n - -_p- n-bmwv Chsc CXn-s\ms t{]cn- n- p- -Xv. Ckvem-anse PnlmZv F ]Z-Øn\v ]pwybp- -sa v hni-em w I s Øn bp -s m-xn-b- m-cpss axsa sx n- m-cw {]N-cn- n- -Xns ]q Æ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw ap m-h -Ønt -Xm-Wv. Pnlm-Zn\v c -\ndw (tijw t]pv 24 )

tej\w {]]- cl-ky-ß-fpss Npcp-f-gn-bp-tºmƒ!! tum: C. si. apl-ωzv, timgn-t msv A m-lp-hns krjvsnssh`hw {]I-S-am- p kuc-bq-ysø pdn v Im-i-ß-fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-ss "B bpw krjvsn- nepw cmhpw ] Iepw amdn hcp- -Xnepw Xo -bmbpw _p n-am am v ]e ZrjvSm- -ß-fp-ap v'' (hn. Jp. 3:191) \nkqvc-l-ky-ßfpw t]dn A\ ssh]p-eytømss \ne-sim- p BImiw {kjvsm-hns ssh`hw hnfn-t m-xp A p-x-ß-fpss Iehd-bm-Wv. {]] w Zi-e- - -W- n\v BImi KwK-Iƒ AS-ßn-b-XmsW pw Hmtcm Kme-Ivknbpw At\ Iw Zi-e w \ -{X-ßfpw tkmf hy-h-ÿ-ifpw Dƒs - -Xm-sW pw \ap v imkv{xw shfn-s -Sp-Øn- Ø kxy-am-wv. \ΩpsS tkmf-hyh-ÿ-bmb kuc-bqyw Hcp \ - {Xhpw (kq-cy ) AXn\v Np p-ap {Kl-ßfpw D]{Kl-ßfpw ASßnbXmWv. Nn ssih Imew apx hm\-tem-i-sø- p-dn v Nn n- m-\mcw-`n a\p-jy AXns AXn Ønbn \n pw a\- n-em- m-\m-cw- `n- n-cn- - p p. G-ItZiw 450 timsn h j-߃ v apºmwv kuc-bqyw Dcp-Øn-cn- Xv. C v ImWp {]]- -Øns {]mcw-`-ambn IW- m- p alm-kvt^ms\w \S- n v AXns aqt m \mtem Cc- n- m-eam-bn. {]]- -hp-ambn X n- p-t\m- ptºmƒ \ΩpsS kuc-bqyøn\v Xmc- X-tay\ Cfw {]mb-amwv. kuc-bqyw cq]-s -Sp- -Xn\v apºv s]msn-]-s-eßfpw hmxi ii-e-ß-fp-sa mw tn Akw-L-Sn-Xhpw Ahy-hÿn-X-hp-amb Hcp talm-hr-xmhÿbmbn-cp- n-cn- -Ww. At mgpw {]]- -Øn-se-hn-sStbm \ {X ߃ P-\n- p-sim pw acn psim pan-cn- p p m-hpw. AXn-t mgpw XpS-cp- p. Np pw \S- p Cu \n ΩmW kwlm-c-{]-{inb v \SphnemWv kuc-bqyw P\n- p- -Xv. GtXm _mly-i- n-bpss ^e-ambn hmx Iw Id-ßm XpSßn. B Id- -Øn hmx-i-ta-l-øn\v Hcp \n nx BIr-Xn-h-cn-Ibpw km{µx Ipd IW-߃ AXns ti{µ- `m-k-tø v Du p hcn-ibpw snbvxp. CXns ^e-ambn tkmfm- IrXn ssihcpibpw Id-ßp tal-]mfn Npcpßn IqSp-X {Zhy߃ ti{µ-`m-k-tø v Bhm-ln- s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. Id- hpw km{µ-xbpw Cu tkmfsø hºn NqSp- -Xm n Xo Øp. NqSv aq -c- t m-sn- - Un{Kn-bnse-Øn-b-t mƒ ssl{u-p-t bpw Uyq o-cn-b-ønt bpw AWp- ƒ ]c-kv]cw kwtbm-pn v loenbw D m-bn. timsm-\p-tim-sn-sim- -߃ sim v ]q Øn-bmb Cu {]{In-b v tijw B tkmfw {]Im-in p XpS-ßp-Ibpw civan-iƒ hnin-cww snøm Bcw- `n- p-ibpw snbvxp. AXmWv \ΩpsS kqcy. Pzen- p-sim- n-cp Cu BZna \ {XØns AYhm kqcys ti{µ-`m-køv \n pw `mc-ta-dnb IW߃ Zqtc v sxdn- p-t]m-bn. Ah kzx-{ -ambn kqcys _mly-`m-k- Øv \n pw Id w aqew ho pw sxdn- p-t]m-bn. kzx-{ -amb `mc-tadnb CØcw {Z-hy-ß-fmWv ]n osv tkmf-ß-fmbn amdn-bxv. kuc-bq-y-ønse G hpw _ln `mkw a\- n-em- m imkv{x-pvr- m v GXm-s ms Ign- n- p v. kqcy{]imiw FØmØ XWpØv InS- p kuc-bqy- Øns G hpw AI-se-bp {`aw hrø-øn-emwv [qa-ti-xp- ƒ ti{µo-i-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. hm \ - {X-߃ F v hnfn- -s -Sp Ch h -t mgpw BIm-iØv {]Xy- -s - Sp \o hmep Xnf-ßp kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 15

hnnn{x hkvxp- ƒ Xs. H pw c p-a- e w timsn FÆ-am-Wv. ]t hm \- -{X-ß-fpsS cq]-øne- B Ccp- n Ah-bpsS InS- v. Im _ Utbm-IvsskUpw Atam- Wn-bbpw sh hpw Hs IqSn Ie v Hcn\w henb a v I -Ifm-bn mwv. hm \- -{XØns intcm-`m-k-øn\v H c apx Aº Xv Intem-ao- hsc hen w D m- Ipw. Cu a p I -Iƒ Fß-s\- bmwv IØn-Pz-en- p hm \ - {X-ß-fmbn amdp- -sx v t\m mw. kq-cy\n \n v timsn- -W- n\v Intem-ao- AI-sebmsW- nepw Ahbpw kqcys\ hew hbv p- p- v. Aßs\ \oßptºmƒ B hgn ]m v t]mip at -sx- nepw \ -{X-Øns BI j-w-øn s] v Ah-bn NneXv KXn-hy-Xn-bm- \w h v kuc-bqy-øn\p nte v FØpIbpw BI jw _e-øn kqcys ASp-tØ v hs -Øp- Ibpw snøp p. Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Ah-bpsS thkx h n- pw. NqSv sim v a p-cpin sh hpw hmx- I-ß-fp-ambn _mjv]o-i-cn v Ah Nne-t mƒ H c e w Intem-ao- ssz Lyw hsc-bm-ipw. CXv s]msnbpw _mjv]hpw tn v hensbmcp hmembn- cq]s Spw. kqcy FXn Zni-bn \n ptºmƒ Cu Zo L-ta-dnb hmense s]msn-]-s-e-ßfn kqcy-{]-imiw X n sh n-xn-fßpw. CXmWv hm \ -{X-Øns Pzen- p hmen\v Imc-Ww. Nnet mƒ Ah kqcys Acn-In FØn Ah C m-xm-ipw. a v Nnet mƒ kqcys\ hew sh p AXns Zo L {`a-w-hr-ø-øn A{]-Xy- -am-ipw. kuc-bqy-øn-\- pdw \ -{X-ß-fm-Wv. kqcy-t\- mƒ he- Xpw sndp-xp-amb timsm-\p-timsn \ -{X-߃ Ah-bn ]e kqcy- m pw Np pw {Kl-߃ Id-ßp- p- m-ipw. AXn Nne-Xn-se- nepw `qan-bn-se-t mse a\p-jycpw a v Poh- Pm-e-ßfpw D m-tb- p-sa v 16 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 imkv{x- - m hniz-kn- p- p. Jp B Cu hkvxp-x-bn-te v hnc Nq p- p- v. ""Ggv BIm-i-ß-sfbpw AXp-t]mse-bp AXns `qan-sbbpw krjvsn- -h-\t{x A mlp'' (65:13) ""BIm-i-ß-fp-sSbpw `qan-bpssbpw AXp c nepw Ah hym]n- n Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw krjvsn v Ahs AS-bm-f-ß-fn s -Xm-Wv. Ah-\p-t±-in- p-tºmƒ Ahsb Hcpan v Iq m Ah Ign-hp- -h-\-s{x. (42:30) Xtam-Zzm-c-߃ IuXp-I-ap-W Øp _ln-cm- Imi {]Xn-`m-k-amWv Xt-amZzmc-߃. AYhm ªm v tlmfp-iƒ. t]cv ti m Zpcq-lX txm p-sa- nepw hmkvx-h-øn Ah \ {X ]cn- Wma N{I-Øns HSp-hn-embn cq]- s -Sp AXn-km{µ {Zhy tkmf-ßf-t{x. `oa \ -{X-ß-fpsS Fcn v Xo {Zhyw Kpcp-Xzm-I jw \n]m-x-øn\v (Degeneration) hnt[-bambn Npcp-ßp-tºm-gmWv XtamZzmc߃ D m-ip- -Xv. \ap v Duln m Ign-bp- -Xn-tesd {Zhy km{µxbpw Kpcp-Xzm-I j-whpw XtamZz-c-߃ p v. hºn Kpcp- Xzm-I jww ImcWw kz w {]Imi-sØ-t mepw {]k-cn- n- msx {]]- -Ønse Hcp AZriy km n- yambmwv Xtam-Zzm-c-߃ Ign-bp- -Xv. `qan-tb- mƒ timsn- -W- n\v asßv hcp {Zhyw apgp-h GXm\pw Intemao hymkw hcp tkmf- Øn ti{µo-i-cn- m D m-ip Ahÿ k n v t\m p-i. X n-\n-anøw Df-hm-Ip AXn-i- -amb Kpcp-Xzm-I j-w-amwv ChbpsS {]txy-i-x. bmsxmcp hn[ hnin-c-whpw {]Im-ihpw Cu BI jw hebw t`zn v ]pdøv hcp- n-. am{x-a kao-]-ÿ-amb hkvxp- ƒ F mw Xs AXn-te v sn v ]Xn- p-ibpw snøp- p. AXp-sIm- mwv Xmtam-Zzm-c-߃ F v t] howxv. {]Imiw {]kcn n- m-ø-xv ImcWw AXn-i Zqc-Z in\n D]- tbm-kn- mepw XtamZzmcsØ Is - Øm Ign-bn-. hm\ \nco -I {]]- -Ønse Ccp- n AZriy hkvxp- sf txsn \S- -th, {]] w \ndsb FÆ-a Xtam-Zzmc-߃ hn\y-kn- n- -s - n-cn- p- p-sh A p-x-i-c-amb hkvxpx Xncn- -dnbp-i-bp- m-bn. Hcp km[m-cw \ - {X-Øns ]cn-wm-a-øns Ahkm\ k n-bn-emwv AXv ªm v tlmfmbn Xocp- -Xv. AXm-bXv \ -{X-Øns AWp-Xm-]ob {]h Ø-\-߃ \ne- p-ibpw Kpcp- Xzm-I jww ta ssi t\sp-ibpw snøp-tºmƒ hºn Kpcp-Xzm-I j- W-Øm {Zhy \n]m-x-øn\v hnt[- b-ambn {Zhyw Xo Øpw \mam-h-tij-ambn BI jw i n-am{xw \ne-\n p p. CXmWv ªm v tlmƒ. {]] w Dƒs m- p {Zhy- Øns knwl-`m-khpw \ap v A]- cn-nn-xhpw AZriy-hp-amb cq]-øn Ftßm ad v InS- p- p. AXpt]mse Xs -bmwv hn m-\-hpw. Kp]vX-amb AXv a\p-jys Xo{h-{ia-Øn sszth-nvo-tbmss Is - Øp-I-bmWv snøp- Xv. AXp-hsc ad v InS cl-ky-߃ shfns Sp-tºmƒ \mw Adn-bmsX sszh- Øn\v kvtxm{xw snm n-t m-hp- p. \_n Icnw (k) Acpƒ snøp- p: ""BcmtWm hn m-\-øns ]mx-bn k -cn- p- Xv A mlp Ah v kz K-Øn-te- p hgn Ffp- -am ns msp- pw. hn m\ At\z-jn-bpsS {]hr-øn-bn k t m-j-`-cn-x-cmb amem-j-am Ah-cp ss Nnd-Ip-Iƒ Ah v hncn v sim SpØv BIm-i-ß-fnepw `qan-bn-ep- hcpw Pe-Øn hkn- p a y-ß fpw hn m-\n v th n sszh-øn s ] s]mdp- -ens\ txspw.'' (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Xn an-zn)

bm{xm-hn-h-cww ]Sn mdns\ e yw sh v Hcp ] Ww Hcp-ßp p aplωzv Da F v. G. e -\n sh v \S AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns A tz-iob ktω-f-\-øn ]s -SpØ tej-i Pam-A-Øns BtKmf {]h Ø-\-߃ hnh-cn- p- p. cp ImeØv kqcy-\-kvx-an- m H Ø km{am-py-øns Bÿm- \-am-bn-cp p e. timtfm Wnb-enk-Øns Ah-km-\-tØmsS {_n ojv km{ampyw AXns kz w cmpym-xn Øn-bn-te v Npcp-ßn. ]Sn- m-dn-s bpw Ing- ns bpw kwk-a-ÿm\w F -dn-b-s -Sp e ] -Ww {]hm-kn-i-fmb tem I t\xm- - m-cpss A tz-iob ti{µhpw IqSn-bm-Wv. e ] Ww kqcy-\-kvx-an- mø as mcp km{am- Py-Øns ti{µ-am-hp-i-bm-wv. `qanbpss timwp-i-tfmfap 176 cmpyß-fn hym]n p InS- p AlvaZnøm apkvenw P-am-AØv C v \nb-{ n- -s -Sp- Xv {]hmk ti{µamb e -\n \n m-wv. 1984 Jeo-^-Øp akolv \mem-a ]m n-ÿm-\n \n pw e -\nte v lnpv-døv snbvxv h Xp apx Pam-A-Øns e \nse hm jni ktω-f-\-߃ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns A tz-iob ktωf-\-ß-fmbn amdp-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Jeo- ^-Øp akolv A m-a an km akvdq AlvaZns (A-øZ-lp) t\xr-xz-øn 37- -m-a-xv bp. si AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns BtKmf Camw Jeo-^-Øp akolv an km akvdq AlvaZv kmln-_ns\ (A-ø-Z-lp) e -\n sh v tej-i kµ in- -t mƒ. AlvaZnøm ktω-f-\-amwv Pqembv Ah-km-\-hm-c-Øn \S- -Xv. lpkq Xncpa\ v Jeo-^-bm-b-Xn\v tijw \S- p I n ktω-f-\- Øn Xs B alm-flm-hns khn[w ]qip-hm\pw Icw-{K-ln- phm\pw IqSn- mgvn \S-Øm\pw A m-lp-hns alømb A\p-{K-l- Øm Cu tej-i\v A-h-kcw e`n- p-i-bp- m-bn. 2003 Pqembv 23- mw XobXn cmhnse ]Øv awn v a{zm-kn \n pw {ioe- hnam\w hgn Rm bm{x ]pd-s - p. 11 awn v simfwtºmbnse-øn. Ahn-sS \n v D v H c awn v ]pd-s p bp. si. kabw cm{xn 8 awn v (C- y kabw cm{xn 12. 30-\v) e -\nse lnxvtdm hnam-\-øm-h-f-øn-se-øn. AhnsS Fs ktlm-zco ` Øm kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 17

hpw ktlm-z-cnbpw acp-a- fpw kzoi- cn- m- -s\-øn-bn-cp- p. A p-cm{xn ku-ømfn-ep Ah-cp-sS ho n Xma-kn v ]nt p Pam-A-Øns G m-s-\p-k-cn v Sn t^m Un-ep Ckvemam-_m-Zn-te v ]pd-s -Sp-Ibpw Hcp awn- q-dn-\iw AhnsS FØnt -cp-ibpw snbvxp Ckvemam-_mZv e -\n \n pw 64 In. an. ZqcØv ÿnxn-sn-øp Sn t^m Un Ckvemam-_mZv F v \ma-i-cww snø-s 25 G hnim-e-amb kvyew lkvdøv Jeo-^-Øp akolv \mem-as lnpvd-øn\p tijw hmßn-b-xm-wv. Pam-A- Øns Nne Hm^o-kp-Ifpw A d Jow F t]cn F m kwhn-[m-\- ß-fp-ap B[p-\nI {] pw Nne \mkn am p Xmak kui-cyßfp si ns kap- -b-ßfpw AhnsS-bp- v. bp.-si. Pam-A-Øns hm jni ktω-f-\-ßfpw AhnsS sh p Xs -bmwv \S- p-h-cp- -Xv. CXv bp. si. Pam-A-Øns ap- Øn Ggmw hm jni ktω-f-\-amsw- nepw 1984 se lnpvd-øn-\ptijw A mw Jeo-^-Øp akolns km n[yw \nanøw Cu ktω-f\w Hcp A m-cm-jv{s cq]w ssisim pibp- m-bn. Ign h jw 78 cmpy-ß-fn \n mbn 19,000 {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmWp ]s -Sp-Øncp- -sx- n Cu h jw 81 cmpy-ßfn \n mbn 25,000 Øn ]cw {]- Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ ]s -Sp-Øp. Aßs\ Hmtcm h j hpw AwK-kwJy h n- p-h-cn-i-bmwv. Pqembv 25- mw XobXn apx 27- mw XobXn hsc \S hm jni ktω-f-\-øns dnt m p Ign e w kxy-zq-x-\n {]kn- o-i-cn- ncp- p. C t\-j-\ X_veoKv X _n-bøv skan-\m P km kmem-\-tbm-s-\p-_- n v 18 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 2003 Pqembv 24- mw XobXn cmhnse 9. 30 apx 5.30 hsc aq mw C t\- j-\ X_veoKv, X _n-b-øv skan- \m \S- p. snb am auem\m AØm-D appo_v kmln-_n-s A y- -X-bn \S {]mcw` ktω-f-\-øn bp. si, P Ω-\n, Ab em v, audo-jy-kv, bp. Fkv. F, ate-jy, tlmf v F o Pam- AØp-I-fn \n p {]Xn-\n-[n- Iƒ Xß-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-߃ tcjs -Sp-Øp-I-bp- m-bn. D -`- -W-Øn-\p-tijw tum. Ico-ap- mlv kmln_v dnkvhnbpss A y- -X-bn \S c m-asø skj-\n Kbm-\m, tkºn-b, s_\n, t\m th, kzn vk em v F o Pam-A-Øp-I-fn \n p {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ {]kw-kn- p. {]kvxpx {]kw-k-ß-fn \n pw A`n-{]mb {]I-S-\-ß-fn \n pw BtKmfm-Snÿm-\-Øn \S- p-h-cp Pam-A- Øns D z-ehpw hnp-b-i-c-hpw Bb AXn-a-l-Ømb {]h Ø-\-ßfpsS GI-tZi cq]w {]I-S-am-bn-cp- p. A- m-cmjv{s Xe-Øn {]Nmc- W, in W cwk-ß-fn D mb ]ptcm-k-xn-i-sf- p-dn p Ah-tem- I\w \S-Øp-Ibpw CXp-kw-_- n `mhn ]cn-]m-sn-ifpw skan-\m-dn Bkq-{XWw snø-s -Sp-I-bp- mbn. Jeo-^-Øp akolp -am-bp IqSn- mgvn a\pjy Pohn-X-Øn Fs pw A\p-kva-c-Wo-bhpw A\ Lhpw Bb Nne \nan-j-ß-fp- v. Ah-s\- t mgpw AXv Ab-hn-d- n-s m v B\-µhpw kwxr-]vxnas-bp- Xv kl-p-am-wv. temi-øp timsn- -W- mb AlvaZn-I-fn Hmtcm Bfp-sSbpw lrz-b-øn AXy w _lp-am-\m-z-c-ß-tfmss IpSn-sIm- p- Bflob t\xm-hmb lkvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv Jeo- -^ Øp akolv A m-a-\p-am-bp- Cu tej-is IqSn- mgvn Pohn-X- Øn Fs pw Ahn-kva-c-Wobamb A\ L \nan-j-ß-fm-bn-cp- p. ktω-f-\-øn ]s -SpØ Ccp-]-Øøm-bn-c-Øn ]cw AlvaZn-Isf X\n pw Iq- mbpw IqSn- mgvn \S- ØpI F Xv AXy w {]bm-k-ic-amb Imcy-am- -sw- nepw AXn- nhnss G s -Sp-Øn-bn-cp kwhn- [m\w kvxpxy l-am-bn-cp- p. hn\ox p IqSn- mgvn p A\p-h-Zn- -s - -Xv BKÃv H mw XobXn sh n-bmgvn sship-t cw 6.30 mbn-cp- p. Cu hn\ox Zmk Xs F msa m-amb bp-am-\s Xncp-k- n-[n-bn sn -t mƒ lpkq Xncp-a-\ v kpkvtachz- \\mbn kkvt\lw Fgp-t - p-\n p lkvx-zm\w \ In Ccn- m ]d p. \mw Fw. Sn. F. bntem t^m t m-bntem ImWp- -Xn-ep-]cn lpkqdns apjm-c-hnµw hfsctbsd tim`bpw Bflob txp pw sszhn I {]Im-ihpw \nd- -Xm-bn-cp- p. lpkq tic-f-ønse {]h Ø-\- ßsf pdn v hni-z-ambn At\z-jn- -dn- p. 98% km -cxbp ticf-øn AlvaZn-Iƒ 100% km -ccm-sw pw ss_aøp snøp Hmtcm Bfpw AlvaZn-ø-Øn-s\- pdn v Iqe- p-j-ambn ]Tn pw kmln- Xy-߃ ]mcm-bww snbvxp-amwv Pam-A-Øn tncp- -sx pw AXn- mbn ticf Pam-AØv {]kn- o-icw cwkøv snøp tkh-\-ß-sf- p-dn v lpkq Xncp-a-\- ns\ Adnbn- p-ibpw ticf Pam-AØn \n pw ]pd-s -Sp kxy-zq-x, an\m-c-øv, kxyan-{xw, A- q, A ljv F o ]{X-am-kn-IIƒ Aev]w hni-zo-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iqsn lpkq-dns k n-[n-bn ka n- p-i-bp-ap m-bn. Cubp- -h F{X-Im-e-ambn ap_- n-kmbn {]- h Øn- p- -sx v lpkq Bcm- -t mƒ sslz-cm-_m-zv, t_mw-s_, a{zmkv F o Pam-A-Øp-Ifn tkh-\-a-\p-jvtn v Ct mƒ 13 h j ambn tic-f-øn {]h Øn- p-h-cn- I-bm-sW pw A m-lp-hns A\p-

{K-l-Øm 1961 a{zk AlvaZnøbn \n pw hnzym-`ymkw ]q Ønbm- nb-xn-\p-tijw 42 h j-ßfmbn ap_- nkv C Nm mbn {]h Øn v hcn-i-bm-sw pw khn- \bw Adn-bn p. lpkq Aø-Z-lp- mlp hf-sc-b-[niw kvt\l-`m-htømss Cubp- -h-s\ \n n-ta-j- \mbn ho n- p-sim- n-cp- p. ticf-ønse {]h - -Ø\-ß-sf- p-dn- -dnbn- -t m-ƒ amim-a- m-lv, _lpxv Jp_v F o {]iwkm hn-\-߃ D -cn- p-i-bp- m-bn. Ahkm-\w, lpkq-dp-samøv t^mt m FSp p- Ibpw Cu hn\o-xs\ Benw-K\w snbvx-\p-{k-ln- p-i-bp-ap- m-bn. Fs Pohn-X-Øn Fs pw kvac-wo-b-amb A\ L-\n-an-j-ßfm-bn-cp p Cu IqSn- mgvn. anjy-\-dn-am-cpss tbmkw lpkq-dp-am-bp Cu IqSn- mgvn p Xte v AXm-bXv Pqembv 31 mw XobXn sship-t cw 4. 30 awn v temi-øns hnhn[ `mkß-fn \n p k n-ln-x-cmb ap_- nkvamcpss Hcp {]txy-i-tbmkw lkvdøv Aaodp apavan\o Xncp-a-\- ns A\p-Kr-loX A y- -X-bn \S- p. BZy-am-bn lpkq F m ap_- nkv amscbpw {]txyiw {]txyiw ]cn-n-b-s p XZ-h-k-c-Øn 95 ap_- n-kvam k n-ln-x-cm-bn-cp- p. lpkq Xncpa-\- ns tnmzy-øn-\p-ø-c-ambn tic-f-øn 50 Pam-A-Øp-I-fps pw Hmtcm Pam-AØpw kzbw [\XymKw snbvxp akvpnzp \n Ωn- p-i-bp- m-sb pw Cu hn-\o-x Adn-bn- p. Ah-km-\-ambn lpkq snbvx {lkz {]kw-k-øn \h AlvaZn-I-fpsS in WsØbpw kwc- -W-sØbpw Ipdn v am - \n t±iw \ In. \h AlvaZn-Isf imjm kwl-s-\-i-fp-ambn kwtbm-pn- n- p-ibpw Ahsc [\-Xym-KcwKØv ] p-tn p-ibpw sntø- p Bh-iysØ pdn v DW Øp-I-bp- m-bn. AtX {]Imcw imjm kwl-s-\-iƒ \S-Øp Zo\o- ]-co- -I-fn F m-hscbpw ]s - Sp- n-t Imcy-sØ- p-dn v Du n- -d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. bp. si. bn AlvaZnøØns XpS w C y p ]pdøv hntz-iøv BZyambn 1913 lkvdøv Jeo-^-Øp akolv H- m-as Ime-ØmWv Cw - n lkvdøv ap^vøn apl-ωzv kmznjv kmln_v aptj\ PamAØv ÿm]n-x-am-b-xv. bp. si. AlvaZnøm an-jy\p th n 1920 BKÃv amk-øn sx p ]Sn- md e -\n D kuøv ^o Un Htc- \new hmßn. 1920 HIvtSm-_ 24- mw XobXn lkvdøv apkvenlv auduzv (d) akvpn-zn-\mbn inem-ÿm-]\w \S- Øn. 1926 HIvtSm-_-dn akvpnzp DZvLm-S\w snø-s - p. e -\n H m-a-xmbn ÿm-]n-xamb Cu akv Pn-Zns t]cv ss_øp ^kv F m-sw- nepw s]mxp-hn e tamkv v F t]cn-em-w-dn-b-s -Sp- -Xv. Cu akvpn-zn-t\m-s-\p-_- n v hnim-e-amb alvaqzv lmfpw hnhn[ \nkm-d-øp-i-fpss Hm^o-kp-Ifpw ÿnxn-sn-øp- p. lkvdøv Jeo-^-Øp akolv \mem-as lnpvd-øn-\p-tijw ChnsS AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv AwKkw-Jy-bnepw as m hn[-ønepw ]ptcm-k-an- p-sim- n-cp- -Xns ^eambn e akvpn-zn \n pw 64 In. an. ZqcØv Sn t^m Un 25 G \new hmßp-ibpw AXn\p Ckvemam_mZv F p \ma-i-cww snø-s -Sp-I-bp-ap m-bn. Ign h jw Cu ÿe-tøm-s- -\p-_- n v 7 G \new IqSn hmßp-i-bpw snbvxp. ss_øp ^pøplv e ]- -W-Øns {]m {]tzi-amb am S F ÿeøv A p-h j-߃ p apºv 5 G 20 sk p hnim-e-amb `qanbpw si n- S-ßfpw hne p hmßn. A-Xn-ep- F m si n-s-ßfpw B[p-\nI coxnbn k o-i-cn- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. IqSmsX A m-lp-hn-s al-ømb A\p-{K-l-Øm AXn-hn-im-ehpw {]uv Kw`o-chpw at\m-l-chpamb Hcp akvpnzv AhnsS \n Ωn- pibpw AXn\p ss_-øp ^pøplv F p \ma-i-cww snø-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. ]{X-am-kn-I-Iƒ Cu akvpn-zns\ Britain's Largest Mosque F mwv hnti-jn- n- n-cn- p- -Xv. akvpn-zns c p \ne-si- n-s-øns Xmsg \ne-bnepw hnim-e-amb lmfp- v. Aßs\ aq p lmfp-i-fn-epambn 5000 t] v \a-kvi-cn- p-hm- \p- F m k o-i-c-w-ß-fp-ap- v. Cu akvpn-zn-t\m-s-\p-_- n v tim ^-d kv lmƒ, HmUn-t m-dnbw, sse{_-dn, e Jm\, hnhn[ \nkm-d-øp-i-fpss Hm^o-kp-Iƒ, imjm kwl-s-\-iƒ p {]txy Iw {]txyiw Hm^o-kp-Iƒ F nh D v. 25 ao Db-c-Øn BI j- Wo-b-amb an\m-cø \n Ωm-W- Øns Ah-km\ L -Øn-em-Wv. akvpn-zns Xd hnkvxo Æw c mbncw NXp-c{i ao AXm-bXv 21, 800 N. ASnbm-Wv. ChnsS-Øs bmwv Fw. Sn. F ÃpUn-tbmhpw {] pw ÿm]n- -s -Sp -Xv. Cu akvpn-zn-s bpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_- n F m kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-ssbpw DZvLm-S\ alm-alw 2003 HIvtSm-_ 5 mw XobXn \S- p-i-bm-wv. {_n - \nse CkvemanI Ncn-{X-Øn Ahnkva-c-Wo-b-ambn amdp- Cu kpzn\w kap-nnxw BtLm-jn- m C im- A- mlv AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv Hcp- -߃ ]q Øn-bm- n-h-cp- p. Ct mƒ bp. si. bn akvpnzp ^k, Ckvemam-_mZv, ss_øp ^pøplv F o ti{µ-߃ IqSm sx Xmsg- -d-bp ]{ p {]tz-iß-fn akvpnzpw anjy lukpw (tijw t]pv 29 ) kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 19

tej\w {ioirjvwt\m {iocm-at\m BcmWv ap Kman? - - II s{]m^. cp{z-tzhv imkv{xn IuXp-I-I-c-amb ]pcm-w-i-y-isf ASn-ÿm-\-am n sim v {ioir-jvw-\mwv {iocm-a-t\- m-ƒ aptº Pohn- n-cp alm-flmhv F v tej-i ka n- p- p. jvw cma\v apºmwv Pohn- ncp- Xv F v sxfn-bn- m Ir ]pcmwiyi-fn-te v Xncn-bmw. 1. a\p-hns ]nxm-hmb sshh-kz-xa-\p -ÿm-]n kqcy-hw-i-øn-emwv cma P\n- -Xv. a\p-hns\ kw_- n v `mk-h-x-øn \mw hmbn- p- p. IrjvW ` -\mb kxy-{h-x F v t]cmb cmp jn (E-jn-bmb cmpm-hv) sshh-kz-xs ai-\mb a\p-hmbn Ah-X-cn- p- p. CXv a\phns c mw Ah-Xm-c-ambn IW- m- -s -Sp- p. ]t CXv ]p\-c-h-xmc- -ambn IW- m-t - -Xn-. hmkvzø akolv lkvdøv AlvaZv hnh-cn- Xv t]mse c mw hchv F Xv apºp h ax-]p-cp-js ÿqem-imc-tøm-ss-bp ]p\ P-\-\tam Bflo-b-amb ]c-imb {]th-i-\tam A. ]q Kman-bpsS PohnX ZuXy- Øn\v kam-\-ambtxm klm-b-i-c-ambtxm Bb Znhy-Zu-Xy-ß-fp-ambn hcp- ]n Km-an-bpsS ZuXy-sØbmWv c mw hchv F -XvsIm v hnh- n- -s -Sp- -Xv. 20 kxyzqx sk]v w-_ 2003 (2). a\p-hns `mcy-bpss t]cv {i F m-bn-cp- p. Ah v ]Øv ]p{x- m-cp- m-bn-cp- p. C zm-ip, \rk, icym-x, ZnjvT, [rjvs, Icq-j, ]rj{[, \`m-k, Irjy, Ihn Cu ]Øv ]p{x sc hnh-cn- p ]pcmw-ß-fn Xmsg ]dbpw hn[w Hcp IYbpw hnhcn- p- p v. a\p-hn\v BZyw k m-\-ß-fn- mbn-cp- p. k m\ em`-øn\p th n At±lw {]m n p Xs an{x-ßtfmspw {]m n- m th n At]- n- p. Ah-km\w a\p-hn\v k m \ e_v[nbp m-bn. AsXmcp s] Ip- n-bm-bn-cp- p a\p-hns Bfl an{x-ambn-cp- p. hkn-jvt. a\p At±-l-tØmSv ]d p "Rm Hcp ]p{x-\p-th- n-bm-bn-cp p {]m n- - Xv. ]t F\n v e`n- Xv Hcp ]p{xn-sb-bmwv Rm Ct m ƒt# F mwv sntø- Xv?' hkn-jvt At±-l-tØmSv IrjvW s\ [ym\n- m D]-tZ-in- p. AXn s ^eambn IrjvW {]km-zn- p-ibpw a\p-hn\v e`n s] Ip- n-bpss enwkw am n kzyp-av\ F v t]cp B Ip- n-bmhpibpw snbvxp. bphm-hm-b-t mƒ kzypav\ \mbm- n-\mbn Hcp ae-bn-te v t]mbn. inh-\m im]-{k-kvx-amb ] -X-am-bn-cp p AXv. kzypav\ Ahn-sS-sb-Øn-b-t mƒ ho pw enwkw amdn kv{xobmbnøo p. tkmas (N-{µ ) ]p{x-\mb _p[ Cu I\y-Isb I p Ah {]W-b-_- -cmbn. Ah v ]pcq-chkv F v t]cmb Hcp ]p{x P\n- p-ibpw N{µ-hw-i-Øn\v XpS- -an- Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. a\p ho pw Irjv Ws\ kao-]n- p. k -S-ap-W Øn p. Hmtcm amk-øns Ah-km- \-Ønepw Xs k m-\sø BWm n am n {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn- p. ]t kwxr-]vx-\m-imø a\p IrjvW [ym\w XpS p. Ahkm\w ]Øv ]p{x- m-cm A\p-Krlo-X-\m-bn. 3. a\p-hns ]Øv ]p{x- m-cn Hcmƒ ]rj-{[ Bbn-cp- p.