Bathymetric and Sediment Survey of Banner Creek Reservoir, Jackson County, Kansas Kansas Biological Survey Applied Science and Technology for Reservoir Assessment (ASTRA) Program Report 2010-05 (December 2010)
This work was funded by the Kansas Water Office through the State Water Plan Fund in support of the Reservoir Sustainability Initiative.
SUMMARY On August 13 and August 21, 2009, the Kansas Biological Survey (KBS) performed a bathymetric survey of Banner Creek Reservoir in Jackson County, Kansas. The survey was carried out using acoustic echosounding apparatus linked to a global positioning system. The bathymetric survey was georeferenced to both horizontal and vertical reference datums. Sediment samples were collected from three sites within the reservoir: One sample was taken near the dam; a second at mid-lake; and a third in the upper end. Sampling was performed on August 6, 2009. Sediment samples were analyzed for particle size distributions. Summary Data: Bathymetric Survey: Date of survey: August 13 and 21, 2009 Reservoir Statistics: Elevation on survey date Area on survey date: Volume on survey date: Maximum depth: 1078.15 ft 480 acres 7395 acre-feet 36.6 ft Elevation Benchmark (if applicable) DMS location of elevation benchmark: Lat 39 27 27, Long 95 45 49 UTM Zone: 15N UTM datum: NAD83 Elevation of benchmark: 1077.93 ft. Vertical datum, all data: NAVD88 Sediment Survey: Date of sediment survey: August 6, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY...i TABLE OF CONTENTS...ii LIST OF FIGURES...iii LIST OF TABLES...iv LAKE HISTORY AND PERTINENT INFORMATION... 1 BATHYMETRIC SURVEYING PROCEDURE Pre-survey preparation:... 3 Survey procedures:... 3 Establishment of lake level on survey date:... 4 Location of lake elevation benchmark... 5 USGS gauge report... 6 Post-processing... 8 BATHYMETRIC SURVEY RESULTS Area-Volume-Elevation Tables... 11 SEDIMENT SAMPLING... 13 Procedures... 13 Results... 13 ii
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Banner Creek Reservoir.... 1 Figure 2. Location of Banner Creek Reservoir in Jackson County... 2 Figure 3. a. View of USGS benchmark site.... 5 b. Close-up view of lake elevation benchmark marker... 5 Figure 4. Bathymetric survey transects... 7 Figure 5. Reservoir depth map... 10 Figure 6. Cumulative area-elevation curve.... 13 Figure 7. Cumulative volume-elevation curve.... 13 Figure 8. Location of sediment sites in Banner Creek Reservoir... 15 Figure 9. Sediment particle size analysis... 16 Figure 10. Particle size distribution of sediment samples... 17 iii
LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Cumulative area in acres by tenth foot elevation increments... 11 Table 2. Cumulative volume in acre-feet by tenth foot elevation increments... 12 Table 3 Sediment sampling site data... 14 iv
LAKE HISTORY AND PERTINENT INFORMATION Figure 1. Banner Creek Reservoir, Jackson County, Kansas. Banner Creek Reservoir is located one and a half miles west of Holton, Kansas. Constructed during 1994-1997, Banner Creek Reservoir was built as a water supply for the city of Holton and Jackson County, as well as providing recreational opportunities for northeast Kansas. The watershed for Banner Creek Reservoir is a 12,000-acre area in which 88 percent is grass and woodland. 1
Jackson County, Kansas Wetmore Netawaka Whiting Soldier Circleville Banner Creek Reservoir Holton Denison Mayetta Delia Hoyt Ü Miles 0 1.5 3 6 Figure 2. Location of Banner Creek Reservoir in Jackson County, Kansas. 2
Reservoir Bathymetric (Depth) Surveying Procedures KBS operates a Biosonics DT-X echosounding system (www.biosonicsinc.com) with a 200 khz split-beam transducer and a 38-kHz single-beam transducer. Latitudelongitude information is provided by a global positioning system (GPS) that interfaces with the Biosonics system. ESRI s ArcGIS is used for on-lake navigation and positioning, with GPS data feeds provided by the Biosonics unit through a serial cable. Power is provided to the echosounding unit, command/navigation computer, and auxiliary monitor by means of a inverter and battery backup device that in turn draw power from the 12-volt boat battery. Pre-survey preparation: Geospatial reference data: Prior to conducting the survey, geospatial data of the target lake is acquired, including georeferenced National Agricultural Imagery Project (NAIP) photography. The lake boundary is digitized as a polygon shapefile from the FSA NAIP georeferenced aerial photography obtained online from the Data Access and Service Center (DASC). Prior to the lake survey, a series of transect lines are created as a shapefile in ArcGIS for guiding the boat during the survey. Survey procedures: Calibration (Temperature and ball check): After boat launch and initialization of the Biosonics system and command computer, system parameters are set in the Biosonics Visual Acquisition software. The temperature of the lake at 1-2 meters is taken with a research-grade metric electronic thermometer. This temperature, in degrees Celsius, is input to the Biosonics Visual Acquisition software to calculate the speed of sound in water at the given temperature at the given depth. Start range, end range, ping duration, and ping interval are also set at this time. A ball check is performed using a tungsten-carbide sphere supplied by Biosonics for this purpose. The ball is lowered to a known distance (1.0 meter) below the transducer faces. The position of the ball in the water column (distance from the transducer face to the ball) is clearly visible on the echogram. The echogram distance is compared to the known distance to assure that parameters are properly set and the system is operating correctly. On-lake survey procedures: Using the GPS Extension of ArcGIS, the GPS data feed from the GPS receiver via the Biosonics echosounder, and the pre-planned transect pattern, the location of the boat on the lake in real-time is shown on the command/navigation computer screen. The transect pattern is maintained except when modified by obstructions in the lake (e.g., partially submerged trees) or shallow water and mudflats. Data are automatically logged in new files every half-hour (approximately 9000-ping files) by the Biosonics system. 3
Establishment Of Lake Level On Survey Dates: Banner Creek Reservoir: Banner Creek Reservoir is one of three reservoirs that are undergoing a research project involving a sediment baseline study. This study conducted by a group of researchers from several universities and agencies, led by the Kansas Water Office, is comparing watershed characteristics of Banner Creek Reservoir, Atchison County Lake, and Centralia City Lake. Because of this ongoing study, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has established an elevation benchmark and water surface gauging station (Figure 3a) at Banner Creek Reservoir. The USGS elevation benchmark for Banner Creek Reservoir is the east side of the lake along the dam towards the north end of the dam (Figure 3a, Figure 3b). The elevation of the surveyed benchmark monument is 1077.93 feet. The water surface elevation of Banner Creek Reservoir on August 21, 2009 was 1078.15 feet AMSL. 4
Location of Lake Elevation Benchmark: Banner Creek Lake: NAD83, Degrees Minutes Seconds. Latitude 39 27 27, Longitude 95 45 49 USGS Elevation Gauge Location Figure 3a. View of USGS elevation gauge benchmark site. Photo courtesy USGS Kansas Figure 3b. Banner Creek Lake elevation information provided by the USGS. 5
USGS Home Contact USGS Search USGS National Water Information System: Web Interface USGS Water Resources Data Category: Site Information Geographic Area: United States GO News - updated November 2010 USGS 392727095454900 BANNER C LK NR HOLTON, KS Lake Site Available data for this site SUMMARY OF ALL AVAILABLE DATA GO DESCRIPTION: Latitude 39 27'27", Longitude 95 45'49" NAD83 Jackson County, Kansas, Hydrologic Unit 10270103 Drainage area: 19.10 square miles Datum of gage: 1,040.00 feet above sea level NAVD88. AVAILABLE DATA: Data Type Begin Date End Date Count Real-time -- Previous 120 days -- Field measurements 2009-03-17 2010-11-29 18 Field/Lab water-quality samples 2009-03-17 2010-11-03 15 OPERATION: Record for this site is maintained by the USGS Kansas Water Science Center Email questions about this site to Kansas Water Science Center Water-Data Inquiries Questions about sites/data? Feedback on this web site Automated retrievals Help Data Tips Explanation of terms Subscribe for system changes News Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Title: ** USGS 392727095454900 BANNER C LK NR HOLTON, KS URL: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/nwisman? Page Contact Information: Kansas Water Data Support Team Page Last Modified: 2010-12-08 17:42:38 EST 0.2 0.2 sdww01 6
Miles 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ü Figure 4. Bathymetric survey lines for Banner Creek Reservoir 7
Post-processing (Visual Bottom Typer) The Biosonics DT-X system produces data files in a proprietary DT4 file format containing acoustic and GPS data. To extract the bottom position from the acoustic data, each DT4 file is processed through the Biosonics Visual Bottom Typer (VBT) software. The processing algorithm is described as follows: The BioSonics, Inc. bottom tracker is an end_up" algorithm, in that it begins searching for the bottom echo portion of a ping from the last sample toward the first sample. The bottom tracker tracks the bottom echo by isolating the region(s) where the data exceeds a peak threshold for N consecutive samples, then drops below a surface threshold for M samples. Once a bottom echo has been identified, a bottom sampling window is used to find the next echo. The bottom echo is first isolated by user_defined threshold values that indicate (1) the lowest energy to include in the bottom echo (bottom detection threshold) and (2) the lowest energy to start looking for a bottom peak (peak threshold). The bottom detection threshold allows the user to filter out noise caused by a low data acquisition threshold. The peak threshold prevents the algorithm from identifying the small energy echoes (due to fish, sediment or plant life) as a bottom echo. (Biosonics Visual Bottom Typer User s Manual, Version 1.10, p. 70). Data is output as a comma-delimited (*.csv) text file. A set number of qualifying pings are averaged to produce a single report (for example, the output for ping 31 {when pings per report is 20} is the average of all values for pings 12-31). Standard analysis procedure for all 2008 and later data is to use the average of 7 pings to produce one output value. All raw *.csv files are merged into one master *.csv file using the shareware program File Append and Split Tool (FAST) by Boxer Software (Ver. 1.0, 2006). Post-processing (Excel) The master *.csv file created by the FAST utility is imported into Microsoft Excel. Excess header lines are deleted (each input CSV file has its own header), and the header file is edited to change the column headers #Ping to Ping and E1 to E11, characters that are not ingestable by ArcGIS. Entries with depth values of zero (0) are deleted, as are any entries with depth values less than the start range of the data acquisition parameter (typically 0.49 meters or less) (indicating areas where the water was too shallow to record a depth reading). In Excel, depth adjustments are made. A new field Adj_Depth is created. The value for AdjDepth is calculated as AdjDepth = Depth + (Transducer Face Depth), where the Transducer Face Depth represents the depth of the transducer face below water level in meters (Typically, this value is 0.5 meters). Four values are computed in Excel: DepthM, DepthFt, ElevM and ElevFt, where: 8
DepthM = Adj_Depth DepthFt = Adj_Depth * 3.28084 These water depths are RELATIVE water depths that can vary from day-to-day based on the elevation of the water surface. In order to normalize all depth measurements to an absolute reference, water depths must be subtracted from an established value for the elevation of the water surface at the time of the bathymetric survey. Determination of water surface elevation has been described in an earlier section on establishment of lake levels. To set depths relative to lake elevation, another field is added to the attribute table of the point shapefile, ElevM. The value for this attribute is then computed as Depth_ElevM = (Elevation of the Water Surface in meters above sea level) - Adj_Depth. Elevation of the water surface in feet above sea level is also computed by converting ElevM to elevation in feet (ElevM * 3.28084). Particularly for multi-day surveys, ADJ_DEPTH, Depth_M, and Depth_Ft should NOT be used for further analysis or interpolation. If water depth is desired, it should be produced by subtracting Elev_M or Elev_Ft from the reference elevation used for interpolation purposes (for federal reservoirs, the elevation of the water surface on the day that the aerial photography from which the lake perimeter polygon was digitized). Post-processing (ArcGIS): Ingest to ArcGIS is accomplished by using the Tools Add XY Data option. The projection information is specified at this time (WGS84). Point files are displayed as Event files, and are then exported as a shapefile (filename convention: ALLPOINTS_WGS84.shp). The pointfile is then reprojected to the UTM coordinate system of the appropriate zone (14 or 15) (filename convention ALLPOINTS_UTM.shp). Raster interpolation of the point data is performed using the same input data and the Topo to Raster option within the 3D Extension of ArcGIS. The elevation of the reservoir on the date of aerial photography used to create the perimeter/shoreline shapefile was used as the water surface elevation in all interpolations from point data to raster data. Contour line files are derived from the raster interpolation files using the ArcGIS command under 3D Analyst Raster Surface Contour. Area-elevation-volume tables are derived using an ArcGIS extension custom written for and available from the ASTRA Program. Summarized, the extension calculates the area and volume of the reservoir at 1/10-foot elevation increments from the raster data for a series of water surfaces beginning at the lowest elevation recorded and progressing upward in 1/10-foot elevation increments to the reference water surface. Cumulative volume is also computed in acre-feet. 9
Depth in Feet 0-5 5.01-10 10.01-15 15.01-20 20.01-25 25.01-30 30.01-35 35.01-40 5 ft Contours Miles 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ü Figure 5. Water depth based on August 21, 2009 bathymetric surveys for Banner Creek Reservoir. Depths are based on a pool elevation of 1078.15 ft. 10
Table 1 Cumulative area in acres by tenth foot elevation increments Elevation (ft NGVD) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1042 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1043 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 1044 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 1045 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1046 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 1047 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 1048 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 58 1049 59 60 61 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 1050 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 1051 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 87 88 89 1052 90 91 92 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 1053 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 1054 108 110 111 112 113 114 115 117 118 119 1055 120 122 123 125 126 127 129 130 132 133 1056 134 136 137 138 140 142 143 145 147 148 1057 150 151 153 155 157 158 160 162 163 165 1058 167 168 170 171 173 175 176 178 179 181 1059 182 183 185 186 187 189 190 191 193 194 1060 196 197 199 200 201 203 204 205 206 208 1061 209 210 211 213 214 216 217 218 220 221 1062 222 224 226 227 228 230 231 232 234 235 1063 236 238 239 240 242 243 245 246 247 248 1064 250 251 252 253 255 256 257 258 259 261 1065 262 263 265 266 267 269 270 272 274 276 1066 277 279 281 283 286 287 289 291 292 294 1067 295 297 298 300 301 302 304 305 307 308 1068 309 311 312 313 314 316 317 318 319 321 1069 322 323 324 325 327 328 329 330 332 333 1070 335 336 338 339 341 343 344 346 347 348 1071 350 351 353 355 357 358 360 362 363 365 1072 367 368 370 371 373 374 376 377 379 381 1073 382 383 385 387 388 390 391 393 394 396 1074 398 399 401 403 405 407 408 410 412 414 1075 416 418 420 422 424 426 428 429 431 433 1076 435 436 438 440 442 443 445 447 449 451 1077 453 455 457 459 461 463 465 468 471 473 1078 476 480 11
Table 2 Cumulative volume in acre-feet by tenth foot elevation increments Elevation (ft NGVD) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1043 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1044 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 1045 16 17 19 20 22 24 26 28 31 33 1046 36 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 63 1047 66 70 74 78 81 86 90 94 98 103 1048 108 112 117 122 128 133 138 144 149 155 1049 161 167 173 179 185 192 198 205 212 219 1050 226 233 240 247 255 262 270 278 286 294 1051 302 310 318 326 335 343 352 361 369 378 1052 387 396 405 415 424 433 443 452 462 472 1053 481 491 501 511 522 532 542 553 563 574 1054 585 596 607 618 629 640 652 663 675 687 1055 699 711 723 736 748 761 774 787 800 813 1056 826 840 854 867 881 895 910 924 939 953 1057 968 983 998 1014 1029 1045 1061 1077 1093 1110 1058 1127 1143 1160 1177 1195 1212 1229 1247 1265 1283 1059 1301 1319 1338 1356 1375 1394 1413 1432 1451 1470 1060 1490 1510 1529 1549 1569 1590 1610 1630 1651 1672 1061 1693 1713 1735 1756 1777 1799 1820 1842 1864 1886 1062 1908 1930 1953 1976 1998 2021 2044 2068 2091 2114 1063 2138 2162 2186 2210 2234 2258 2282 2307 2331 2356 1064 2381 2406 2431 2457 2482 2508 2533 2559 2585 2611 1065 2637 2663 2690 2716 2743 2770 2797 2824 2851 2879 1066 2906 2934 2962 2991 3019 3048 3077 3106 3135 3164 1067 3194 3223 3253 3283 3313 3343 3373 3404 3435 3465 1068 3496 3527 3558 3590 3621 3652 3684 3716 3748 3780 1069 3812 3844 3877 3909 3942 3974 4007 4040 4073 4107 1070 4140 4174 4207 4241 4275 4309 4344 4378 4413 4448 1071 4483 4518 4553 4589 4624 4660 4696 4732 4768 4805 1072 4841 4878 4915 4952 4989 5027 5064 5102 5140 5178 1073 5216 5254 5293 5331 5370 5409 5448 5488 5527 5566 1074 5606 5646 5686 5726 5767 5807 5848 5889 5930 5972 1075 6013 6055 6097 6139 6181 6224 6267 6310 6353 6396 1076 6439 6483 6527 6571 6615 6659 6703 6748 6793 6838 1077 6883 6929 6974 7020 7066 7112 7159 7205 7252 7300 1078 7347 7395 12
500 450 400 Cumulative Area (acres) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1042 1044 1046 1048 1050 1052 1054 1056 1058 1060 1062 1064 1066 1068 1070 1072 1074 1076 Elevation (feet) Figure 6. Cumulative area-elevation curve 4500 4000 3500 Cumulative Volume (acre-feet) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1042 1044 1046 1048 1050 1052 1054 1056 1058 1060 1062 1064 1066 1068 1070 1072 1074 1076 Elevation (feet) Figure 7. Cumulative volume-elevation curve 13
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PROCEDURES Sediment samples were collected from three sites within the reservoir using a Wildco drop-corer (Wildlife Supply Company, Buffalo, NY). One sample is taken near the dam; a second at mid-lake; and a third in the upper end/transitional area. Sampling was performed on the same day as the bathymetric survey, following completion of the survey. As the drop-corer samples only the upper sediment, the entire sample in each case was collected and sealed in a sampling container. The samples were then shipped to the Kansas State University Soil Testing Laboratory (Manhattan, KS), for texture analysis. No bulk density sampling or analysis was performed for Lake Shawnee. SEDIMENT SAMPLING RESULTS: Sampling sites were distributed across the length of the reservoir (Figure 8). Silt percentages were highest at the inflow end (BC-1, 60%), decreasing to 28% at the dam end (Table 3; Figure 9; Figure 10). Table 3 Banner Creek Lake Sediment Sampling Site Data CODE UTMX UTMY %Sand % Silt % Clay BC-1 259476.8253 4370138.053 8 60 32 BC-2 259779.6898 4370076.36 6 56 38 BC-3 260471.3032 4370160.708 4 46 50 BC-4 260495.7652 4370110.993 BC-5 260948.0323 4370420.296 4 36 60 BC-6 261226.7253 4370896.685 10 38 52 BC-7 261788.2177 4370853.293 6 38 56 BC-8 261953.4854 4371281.963 14 28 58 Coordinates are Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), NAD83, Zone 15 North Note: No particle size analysis was conducted for BC-4. 14
!. BC- 8 BC- 6!. BC- 7!. BC- 5!. BC- 1!. BC- 2!. BC- 3!. BC- 4!. Miles 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ü Figure 8. Location of sediment samples in Banner Creek Reservoir 15
Banner Creek Reservoir 2010 Sediment Particle Size Analysis 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 BC-4 BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 Sample Site CLAY SILT SAND Figure 9. Sediment particle size analysis. 16
BC- 8 BC- 6 BC- 7 BC- 3 BC- 5 BC- 1 BC- 2!. BC- 4 Miles 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ü Figure 10. Particle size distribution of sediment samples in Banner Creek Reservoir. Note: No particle size analysis was conducted for BC-4. 17