apt ä nsâ ]ShpIÄ IpSpw-_-{io PnÃm anj³ ] -\w-xn«

AhXmcnI apt ä nsâ ]ShpIÄ F ]pkvxi neqss ]pxnb A\p`h]mT Ä \ÂIpIbmWv. IpSpw_{io {]hà \ fneqss IS p t]mb hgnifnâ a\ênâ ]Xnª A\p`h fpss HmÀ½IÄ Cg]ncns Sp v \ap v ap¼nâ Im«pt¼mÄ HcÀ nâ AXv PohnX hmb\ v CSw \ÂIp p. ]pkvxi mfpifnse A c ap{zifneqss am{xaã PohnXw F alm {KÙ neqssbpw \ap v [mcmfw Adnhv In«p p. Hcp ]s AXneqsS am{xta Adnhv e`n p påq. IpSpw_{io {XnXe kwls\m kwhn[m\ nsâ IognÂ GItZiw 48 e w h\nxisf DÄs mån psimv {]hà n p kwls\m kwhn[m\w C ybnse aäp kwøm\ Ä v amxri Bbns mncn pibmwv. Gjybnse Xs H mas kv{xo kwls\bmb IpSpw_{iobpsS apjap{zbmb kv{xoimàoicww Zmcn{Z\nÀamaÀÖ\w e y-an-«p-simv 16þmw hàj nsâ ssp{xbm{xbnemwv. `cw {]{InbIfnÂ ] mfnbmim\pw Bkq{XW {]{InbIfnÂ CSs]Sm\pw kv{xoiä pw IqSn Ahkcw e`n p. hosnsâ NphcpIfnÂ \n pw kv{xoiàntbbpw Nn Itfbpw kaql nsâ apjy[mcbnte v simp hcp XnÂ IpSpw_{io hln ] v sndpxã. Adnhv A[nImc nte på BZy ]SnbmW,v GXv kmlncy tfbpw Bß ss[cyt mss sndp m\pw IqSpXÂ Icpt mss kv{xo imàoicww bmymà yam m\pw kaqly ]ptcmkxnbpw cmjv{sobhpw kmwkvimcnihpamb t_m[hâ cw n\pw IpSpw_{io {]hà IÀ IqSpXÂ Icpt mss IÀ½ \ncxcmiphm\på BÀÖhw t\snbncn p p. Cu A\p`h ]pkvxi nsâ XmfpIfnÂ kv]µn p Xv A cw Nne {ia fptsbpw sndp p \nev]pifptsbpw HmÀ½IfmWv. Be mcni {]tbmk tfm ]mwvunxy {]IS\ nsâ ]ZmhenItfm CXnenÃ. ]t CXnÂ ] bmb PohnXapv. sndpsx nepw kxykôamb CSs]SepIfpw Bhn]mdp A\p`h fpw Dv. \nd In«nÃm PohnX ]pkvxi fpss hmb\ \ÂInb {]mtbmkni A\p`h nsâ Icp pv. AÀ -an-sã v Icp-Xn-t]mb Pohn-X- Ä v ]pxnb AÀ Xe Ä Is- m\mbxnsâ kwxr]vxnbpv. \ap p Npäpw Pohn p t]mcp H bnãm Hcp]mSv a\pjycpss PohnX AhØIfpsS t\à mgvnifpv. BÀÖhapÅhcmbn Hcp P\X amdp Xnsâ t\c\p`h Ä hmb\ mà mbn kaà n p XnÂ AXncä BËmZapv. XnIª A`nam\t mss Cu ]pkvxiw kaà n p p. FUntämdnbÂ t_màuv

BapJw Gjy-bnse Gähpw henb P\-Iob Iq«m-bva-bmb IpSpw-_{io AXnsâ ssp{xbm{x Bcw-`n- n«v \o 15 hàj- Ä IS- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. PmXn ax hà hà t`z-an- ÃmsX kv{xoiä Hä-sI-«mbn kaq-l- nsâ apjy-[m-c-bn-te v F n-tnà kwhn-[m-\- amwv IpSpw_{io. km¼- ni imào-i-c-ww, kmaqlni imào-i-c-ww, kv{xo imào-icww F nh e y-an«v XpS- nb Cu ZuXyw Ht«sd amä- Ä kaq-l- nâ Dm- n-bn-«p-v. Ignª \mfp-i-fnse {]hà -\- -fneqss km[m-cw kv{xoiä kaq-l- nâ ImgvN-sh amxr-im-]-c-amb {]I-S-\- fpw AXv Ah-cpsS Pohn-X- nâ hcp- nb amä- fpw A\m-hcWw sn p Cu A\p-`h kam-l-cw ]pkvxiw IpSpw-_{io {]hà -\- -fpss t\à m-gvn-bm-ip-i-bm-wv. amä- Ä B{K-ln- n-cp- -hà hnc-fn-se- m-hp- -h-cm-sw- nepw amä- Ä Xncn- -dn-ª-hà e - -W- n-\p-v. Ah-cnÂ \n pw ]cn-an-x- -fmb A\p-`-h- tf h n-«påq F nepw, Ah kaq-l- n-t\msv hnfn- p-]-d-bp- Xv kv{xoifpss imào-i-c- Whpw AXnÂ IpSpw-_{io hln ] p-am-wv. Ak-a-Xz- n-sâbpw hnth-n-\- n-sâbpw h³a-xnâsi-«p-iä AXn-Po-hn- p-hm³ Iq«m-bvabpw \ný-b-zmàvyhpw ChÀ v Bbp-[- Ä BIp- p. ]c-kv]cw ssitimà v ]nsn- p-simv \nê-lm-bcpw \ncm-ew-_-cp-am-bhsc H w tnà p-simv AbÂ q«ktlm-z-cn-amà apt m«v IpXn- p-i-bm-wv. kmaq-lyhpw km¼- n-i-hp-amb {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ adn-i-s Icp- -cmb IpSpw-_{io {]hà -IcpsS Iq«mb {]hà -\- Ä amä- nsâ ]pxn-sbm-c-²ymbw cnn- p-sa- -XnÂ XÀ -an-ã. B {]tnm-z\w Gäp-hm- m\pw Pohn-X- nâ ]IÀ p-hm\pw FÃm ktlm-z-cn-amà pw Ign-bs«. A s\ CsXmcp Ncn-{X-am-I-s«km_nÀ lpssk³. FÊv PnÃm anj³ timþ-hmàun-t\-äà IpSpw-_-{io, ] -\w-xn«

kaà Ww ax\nct] XbpsSbpw am\hnixbptsbpw kmtlmzcy kvt\l ntâbpw al\obamb ]mc¼cyw DÅ ] \wxn«pnãbnse kv{xoimàoicw {]hà \ fpss t\c\p`h fpw t\à ImgvNIfpw BWv Cu A\p`hkamlcW ]pkvxi nâ tcjs Sp nbn«påxv. PnÃbnse 54 ] mb v kn.-un.-f-êp-i-fnepw \mev \Kck` kn.un.fêpifnepw DÅ IpSpw_{io {]hà IcpsS A\p`h pdn pisf t{imuoicn psimv Hmtcm kn.un.fêvxe nepw A\p`hkamlcW ]pkvxi Ä X mdm pibpmbn. AhbnÂ \n pw sxcsªsp s «Ipsd tej\ fmwv Cu ]pkvxi nse DÅS w. IpSpw_{io {]hà \ neqss ssihcn hyànxzhnimk nsâbpw Bßss[cy nsâbpw t\«fmwv Hmtcm IpSpw_{io {]hà IÀ pw ]dbm\påxv. PohnXw hgnap«n \n ]e IpSpw_n\nIfptSbpw PohnX hnpb ntâbpw AXnPoh\ ntâbpw IYIÄ ]pkvxi nâ DÄs Sp nbncn p p. CcpÄaqSnb Hcp `qxime nâ \n pw ]pxpshfn nsâ ]ÙmhneqsS \S pt]mip HcpIq«w ktlmzcnamcpss Xo vwamb A\p`h fpss km n]{xw IqSnbmWv Cu ]pkvxiw. kaql nsâ \nc cw th«bmsepiä v hàj fmbn Ccbm s «pt]mb Hcp P\XbpsS XpSp nsâ s]m³incwamwv IpSpw_{iobneqsS ]pd phcp Xv. Ip bnse amwniy Ä Ip \o nbn«pw Xnf m³ IgnbmsX Ct mgpw Ccp«nsâ Beky nâ \n pw ]qà ambn apàn t\snbn«nã. Ime fmbn ASna zw A\p`hn InWänse XhfbpsS kzmx{ yw t]mse DÅXpsImv HmWw simmsnb kv{xoifpss CSbnte v Cd n h IpSpw_{io C v 16 hàjwsimv buh\bpàbmipt¼mä AgIpsImpw AdnhpsImpw A\p`h fpss t\àimgvniä Iv AhÄ ]IzaXnbmIp p. Zmcn{Zy \nà½màö\ n\mbn Bcw`n IpSpw_{io {]Øm\w kv{xoisf kzbw ]cym]vxxbnse n phm\mbn \S nem nb kwliyjn, ssat{imkwcw` Ä, ka{k ]²XnIfnÂ ssihcn t\«w AkqbmhlamWv. hosn\i pw ]pd papå {]iv\ fnâ CSs]«v ]cnlcn m³ Ignb hn[w kv{xosb {]m]vxbm nb Cu {]Øm\ n\v ]Icw hbv m³ asäm nã. ap¼v aäpåhcpss NphSpIÄ p ]n mse \S kv{xo v C p aäpåhsc Xsâ NphSpIÄ v ]n nâ simp hcm³ Ignsª nâ AXv XymK ntâbpw klnjvwpxbptsbpw hnpbamwv. Cu Xnf w kmaqlyamä nsâbpw hnik\ nsâbpw ]p ³hgnIfnte v Znimt_m[t mspiqsn hcp kmaqly{]hà Icmb IpSpw_n\nIfpsS IÀ½ awvue fnte v s]m³shfn w hoip Xn\pw hcpw \mfpifnâ \msnsâbmsi ka{k hnik\ nte v \bn p Xn\pw CS-bm-Is«F m-iw-kn- p- Xnt\m-sSm w IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS BZy-Im-e-{]-hÀ -\- n\v XymtKm-Öz-e-amb kw`m-h-\-iä \ÂIn-b-hÀ p- ap- nâ CXv kaà n- p- p. A\p] ]n BÀ Pn. BÀ. ]n. kn. IpSpw-_-{io, ] -\w-xn«

DÅ-S w 1. Imcp-Wy- nsâ XqhÂkv]Àiw 2. ChnsS Hcn- ncn t\cwiqsn 3. Fs Rm\m- nb {io 4. IpSpw-_{io Fsâ Dä-an{Xw 5. IpSpw-_{io Fs F m n 6. ssi m n F pw A\p-]a IpSpw-_{io 7. Fsâ IpSpw-_{io A\p-`-h- Ä 8. Fs pw HmÀ½n- m³ 9. an\àæ kvs]jyâ IpSpw-_{io 10. {ioe van IpSpw-_{io, timbn{]w 11. s]m«n v Fdnª N e 12. t\«- Ä ]qà -a-bn-eqss 13. {Kma{io \yq{sn-anivkv 14. Pohn- m-\på t{]cw iànbmwv IpSpw-_{io 15. \msnsâ kv]µ\w Adnª IpSpw-_{io 16. Ai-c-WÀ v Bew-_-ambn 17. hnj-a-l-«- Ä XcWw snbvxp. 18. IpSpw-_{io þ _mey-imew þ Hcp kphà -Imew 19. azy-jm v amäp- -Xn\v Ign-ªp. 20. kmaq-ly-{]-xn-_-ô-x-bp-ambn \½psS IpSpw-_-{io. 21. sndnb klmbw Hcp Poh³ [\y-am-bn. 22. Fsâ IpSpw-_-{io. 23. A\p-`-h-IY 24. DbÀs -gp-t Â v 25. Rm\pw Fsâ {iobpw 26. P\-\n

27. Hcp sndp-ssi- n-cn-tb n 28. {]oxn IpSpw-_{io 29. kvt\l IpSpw-_{io þ Hma\ 30. Fsâ A\p-`-h- Ä 31. Fsâ hfà 32. kmaq-ly-i-s- msv 33. Ccp-fnÂ\n pw shfn- - n-te v 34. ]pecn IpSpw-_{io 35. IpSpw-_-{io-bn-eqsS ]p\àp- - n-te v 36. am\-kn-i-x-ià -bnâ shfn- -amb IpSpw-_{io 37. hnj-a-l«ä Xc-Ww-sNbvXp 38. ]cn-{iaw F n-t\bpw hi- n-em mw 39. amäw amäw kàæ{x 40. kvt\l-amwv Gähpw henb {]Xn-^ew 41. Fs pw HmÀ½n- m³ 42. ImcpWy IpSpw-_{io 43. {]Xn-Iq-e-km-l-N-cys AXn-Po-hn- m³ klm-bn p 44. Fsâ A\p-`-h- Ä 45. Imcp-Wy-lkvXw

awn-b-½, AÚen IpSpw-_-{io, 6þmw hmàuv. 1. Imcp-Wy- nsâ XqhÂ kv]àiw. "AÚen " IpSpw-_{io {]hà \w Bcw-`n- Xp apxâ Bcw-`-X-e- -fnâ elp \nt -]- -fpw, amk-hcnbpw, kam-l-cn- p-ibpw AwK- -fpss _p nâ hchp sn p-ibpw, an\n-ävkp-iä FgpXn kq n- p-ibpw Hs Bbn-cp- p. IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ NÀ -IÄ thw-sa pw FÃm-hcpw NÀ -bnâ ]s -Sp- -W-sa- pw Hs hmàup sa¼à \nàt±-in- p-ibpw, B kwhn-[m-s AwK- Ä A\p-k-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp t]m n-cp Imew. A -s\-bn-cns R -fpss IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS ]cn-[n-bnâ Hcp Zpc- -kw-`hw Dmbn. ]pfn- mâ timf-\n-tbmsp tnà v h\-{]-tz-i v \Zn-tbm-c- mbn A v BZn-hmkn IpSpw-_- Ä Xma-kn- p- p-m-bn-cp- p. AhÀ ae-hm-g-bn-e-i-fpw, Cud-bn-ebpw Ip n- mcn\nà n IpSn-ep-IÄ si«n-bmwv Xma-kn- n-cp- Xv.. As m-cn- Â AXnÂ ]eà pw ae-¼\n _m[n v Ah-i-\n-ebnÂ InS- p p F v Rm³ Adn-bm³ CS-bm-bn. IpSpw- _{io AwK- -sfbpw Iq«n BZn-hmkn IpSn-ep-I-fn-se v R Ä FÃ-h-cpw-IqSn t]mbn. IpSn-ep-I-fpsS Acn-InÂ F n-b-t mä R sf hfà p \mbv Ä HmSn- p. R -fpss D - n-epå _lfw ti«v 60 þ 65 hbêv txm n- p hr²³ IpSn-en\v ]pdt v h p. R -sf-sb-ãm-h-scbpw IqSn I-t mä B hr²³ DÅn-te p hen-ªp. IpSn-en\v ap¼n-se- n-b-t mä I ImgvN Ic-f-en-bn- p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. IpSn-en\v ap¼n-embn XSn-IÄ Iq«n I n v henb Bgn Dm- n-bn-cn- p- p. 4 IpSn-ep-I-fn-embn Ip«n- Ifpw apxnà -hcpw Bgn p Npäpw XpWn-I-jvW- -fnepw ]gb Nm p-i-fnepw Npcpv InS- p- p. hmbnâ \n pw \pcbpw ]Xbpw hcn-i-bpw, Cu -IÄ Ah-bnÂ ]än nsn n- n-cn- p-ibpw sn p- p. h\- nâ \n pw ] acp- p-iä ]dn v Ac v IpSn- n«pw Hcp ia- \hpw Dm-bn-Ã. Blmcw Ign- n«v Xs Znh-k- Ä Bbn F v AhÀ ]d-ªp. Cu hnhcw hmàup sa¼sd Adn-bn- p-hm³ R Ä Xocp-am-\n- p. hmàuv sa¼à Cu hnhcw ] m-b- nâ Adn-bn- p. ] m-b p sk{i-«-dn-bpw, {]kn-uâpw, ]n.-f- v.-kn. bnâ\n- pw saun- Â kwlhpw ]ntä-zn-hkw Xs hmàuv sa¼-tdm-ssm w ]pfn- mâ timf-\n-bnâ F n, R -tfbpw Iq«n h\- n-te- p-t]m-bn. saun- Â kwlw simp-h saun- Â Inäpw hmàuv sa¼à BZn-hm-kn-IÄ p simsp- p-hm³thn hm nb ` -W-s m-xnbpw aäpw IpSpw-_-{io- mà Xe-bnÂ h pw

ssibnâ Xq n- n-sn pw h\- n-eqss \S v BZn-hmkn IpSn-en-se- n. Bsc- -mepw IpSn-enÂ Hfn- p ]pdw temi-hp-ambn bmsxmcp _Ôhpw CÃm- -Xn-\mepw Bcpw ]pdt bv v h n-ã. R -fpss ssibnâ Icp-Xn-bn-cp ` -W-s m-xn-iä Ah-cpsS ssihiw simsp- p-hm³ thnbpw R Ä ss[cyw kw`-cn v IpSn-ep-IÄ p-ån-te v Ibdn s p. ` - W-s m-xn-iä I-t mä Ip«n-I-fpsS I nse \ -{X-Xn-f w R sf AÛp-X-s -Sp- n. Blmcw Ign- -Xn\p tijw saun- Â kwlw tcmk-hn-h-c- Ä Xnc- p-ibpw AhÀ pth acp- piä \ÂIp-Ibpw snbvxp. AhÀX _vfo nwkv ]uudpw, temj\pw IpSn-ep- I-fnÂ Xfn- p-ibpw snbvxp. saun- Â kwlw R sf Hcp ZuXyw GÂ n p. Ch-cpsS tcmk-hn-h-c- Ä Xnc- p-ibpw Ipd-hn-sÃ- nâ ]n.-f- v.-kn-bnâ hnhcw Adn-bn- p-hm³ ]d-bp-ibpw snbvxp. \nà`m-ky-h-imâ Ch-cpsS tcmkw aqàon- p-sim-n-cp- p.. CXnÂ IqSp-XÂ kuicyw ]n.-f- v.-kn.-bnâ CÃm- -Xn\mÂ ] -\w-xn«p\-dâ Bip-]-{XnbnÂ Chsc F n- p-hm³ ]d-ªp. hopw hmàup sa¼sd R Ä hnhcw Adn-bn- p-ibpw sa¼à kt m-j-]qàæw Cu ZuXyw Gsä-Sp- p-ibpw snbvxp. IpSpw-_-{io-bnse Bfp-IÄ Ft m-ssm w Ds- nâ Rm³ F n\p ]n³am-d-w-sa p ]d-ªp-simv hml-\-hp-ambn ]pfn- mâ timf-\n-bnâ F n.cu tcmkn-isf h\- nâ \n pw hml-\- nâ F s\ ]pdw-tem-i-t v simp-t]m-ipw. D]-tbm-Kn- p-hm³ hkv{xw-t]m-ep-an-ã. R -fpss ssibnâ Icp-Xn-bn-cp XpWn-IÄ [cn- n pw Ahsc Xm n- n-sn pw Hcp-hn[w ]pd v F n- p. ]gb Nm v Iodn I¼v h p-si«n hr²-\mb a\p-jys\ AXnÂ InS n ]pcp-j- mà Xm n-sb-sp p hml-\- n-\-sp-s - n- p. Ip -s\-bpå Cd- - nsâ ASn-hm-c- nâ InS- p hml-\- nsâ ASp-s - n- p-hm³ FÃm-hcpw \t ]msp-s]-«p. hmàup-sa-¼-dnsâ t\xr-xz- nâ \Ã-h-cmb \m«p-im-cnâ \n pw kzcq-]n XpIbpw D]- tbm-kn v Chsc ] \w-xn«p\-dâ Bip-]-{Xn-bnÂ {]th-in- n- p. Bip-]-{X-nbnse P\- -tfbpw hml-e-hp-sams I-t mä Ahn-sS-\n pw HmSn-t m-ip-hm³ BZn-hm-kn-IÄ {ian- p. skiyp-cn-än-bpss klm-b-t mss Chsc hmàun-te v amäp-ibpw Cu hnhcw If-IvSsd Adn-bn- p-ibpw snbvxp. If-IvS-dpsS \nàt±-i-{]-imcw dm n ss{s_â Hm^o-kn-Â \n pw _Ô-s «DtZym- K-ØÀ Bip-]-{Xn-bnÂ F n. AXn-\p-tijw Bip-]-{XnbnÂ t]mim³ asn ImWn aäv BZn-hm-kn-Isf IpSpw-_-{io- -mcpss Npa-X-e-bnÂ ss{s_â Hm^o-knÂ \n pw F nb kwlw kµài\w \S- n,

ASp Znhkw ]{X- nâ ]pfn- mâ timf-\n p kao]apå BZn-hmkn IpSnep-I-fnse IZ\ IY hmbn- m³ CS-bmb R Ä v AXn-bmb Bß hnizm-khpw kt mjhpw Dmbn AXn-t\- mä R -fpss t]cp-ifpw t^mt«mbpw ]{X- nâ I- mä Fs - n-ãm A`n-am\w txm n. BZn-hm-kn-IÄ kpjw {]m]n v km[mcw coxn-bnâ F p-ibpw h\w-h-ip- nâ \n pw BZn-hmkn IpSpw-_- Ä v 30 In.{Kmw kup\y tdj\pw ]bdpw F bpw Hs A\ph-Zn- n v XpSÀam-k- -fnepw Cu BZnhmkn IpSn-ep-I-fnÂ F n- p-hm\pw R Ä p Ignªp F Bß-kw-Xr-]vXnbpw R Ä p-v. 2. ChnsS Hcp C n-cn-t\cw IqSn A½nWn G{_lmw [\{io IpSpw-_{io A^n.-\w. 83/05 \ofm- nâ]sn ae-bm-e- pg {Kma-]- m-b- nse 13-þmw hmàunse Hcp HmWw-tI-dm-aq-e-bmb \ofm- nâ]sn F Øe- mwv Rm³ Xma-kn- p- Xv. Fsâ A\p-`-h-IY hnh-cn- p-t¼mä Fsâ IpSpw-_- nsâ hnh-c- Ä IqSn \n Ä Adn-tb--Xp-v. Rm³ Hcp s] -t mkvxv kap-zm-b- nâs]«bfm-wv. AXnsâ N«- q-sp-i-fnâ HXp- n-b-po-hnxw \bn- p-t]m- p. hnhm-ln-xbpw cv Ip«n-I-fpsS amxm-hp-ambn CXnÂ Hcp ai³ hni-emw-k-\p-am-bn-cp- p. 22 hàjs Zm¼-Xy- n-\p-tijw `À mhv thàs]«v IÀ m-hnâ \n{z-{]m-]n- p. Hcp Zcn-{Z-Ip-Spw-_- nse AwK-amb Fsâ PohnXw Zpcn-X-]qÀ -am-bn-cp- p. Ipªp- sf hfà p-hm³ Rm³ ASp hosp-i-fnâ tpmen- p-t]m-bn, sndnb IpSnÂ hyh-kmb- Ä snbvxpw PohnXw XÅn-\o- n, F n«pw hn[n Fs ]n³xp-sà p thsymsn Rm³ Hcp tcmkn-bmbn lrz-b-kw-_-ô-amb Akp-Jw. AtXmsS a -fpss hnzym-`ym-khpw _p²nap-«n-em-bn. cm-as ais\ A\m-Ym-e-b- nâ hn«p. AhÀ 8 hàjw Ahs\ hnzym-`ym-kwsn- n- p. AtXm-sSm w 200 Â F\n v Hcp Hm -td-j³ \S-t -n-h- p. ]n osv tpmen v t]mip-hm³ ]äm AhØbmbn hf-sc-b-[niw IShpw h p. hosv F p ]d-bm³ H pan-ãm-bn-cp- p.-c-xn-\n-s-bnâ aq -a-is\ hnhmlw Ign- n- p. AXpw IqSn-bm-b-t mä PohnXw apt m-«p-t]m-ip-hm³ henb _p²n-ap-«m-bn. Bcpw klm-bn- p-hm³ CÃm Hcp Ah-Ø.

Cu kml-n-cy- nâ Bbn-cp p 2005 Â ] m-b v Xnc-sª-Sp v hcp- Xv P\-Iobm-kq-{XW ]²-Xn-bnÂ Hcp hosn\v At] \ÂIn-bn«v F\n p In«n-bnÃ. aäv B\p-Iqey- Ä H pwxs In«n-bn-cp- p-an-ã. CXn-\mÂ FÃm-h-scbpw h p-thm-«n-\p-th-n. kxy- nâ Rm³ Ahsc A[n-t -]n- p-hn-«p. Hcp Øm\mÀ n A m-axv XhW ho«nâ h - t mä Rm³ At±-l- n-t\msv Fsâ kml-ncyw Im«n-s m-sp- p. klm-bn mw F v hm v X p. F m-bmepw Ce- ³ Ignªv B Øm\mÀ n Xs Pbn- p-ibpw sa¼dm-b-xn-\p-tijw Fs h v ImWp-Ibpw hfsc kl-xm-]-]qàæw kwkm-cn- p-ibpw klm-bn mw F p hm p-x-cnibpw snbvxp. A s\ Ccn- p kml-n-cy- n-emwv R Ä Hcp IpSpw-_{io bqwnäv cq]o-i-cn- p-ibpw R -fpss sa¼à AS- -apå Bfp-IÄ cq]o-i-c-w-th-f-bnâ F p-ibpw Fs B bqwn-änsâ {]kn-uâv B p-hm³ {ian- p. At mä Rm³ ]dªp Rm³ Hcp tcmkn-bmwv Gsd \mä F\n p Pohn-X-anÃ tumivsà t]mepw Gdn-bmÂ 6 amkw F mwv ]d-ª-xv. F mâ Fs \nà_-ô-]qàæw BØm\w Gev]n- p-ibpw A½m- ½bv v Hcp ]Xn-\ v hàjw Hcp Ipg- hpw Dm-InÃ F v sa¼à Xam-i-bmbn ]d-bp-i-bpw snbvxp. acp- p-i-fpss ]pd- m-bmepw 7 hàj- Ä ]n n«p PohnXw \o n. IpSpw-_-{iobpsS {]hà \- nâ Rm³ IqSp-XÂ {i²n- p. BZy-\m-fp-I-fnÂ {Xn]väv AS- m³ km[n- msx _p²n-ap-«n-bn-«p-v. F -s\-bmwv bqwn-änsâ {]hà \w simp-t]m-ti-xv F -dn-bn- Ã. \m«p-im-cnâ \n pw ]e Ip p-hm- p-iä tiät --Xmbn h n-«p-v. Hcp Hm^o-knÂ sn mâ F mwv ]d-tb-xv Imcy- Ä F -s\-bmwv Fs m pw Adn-hn-Ãm-bn-cp- p. IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS {]hà -\w-aqew s{sbn-\nw-kp-iä e`n p {]hà -\- -sf- p-dn v ]Tn p hcp-am-\-amà w hà²n- n- p-hm³ {ian- p. aäp-å-hà pw Imcy- Ä ]d-ªp-sim-sp- p. Hcp thzn-bnâ sn mâ \mep hm v kwkm-cn- p-hm³ ]Tn- p. ho«nâ tcmkn-bmbn Ccp F\n v Hcp ]pxnb DWÀÆv e`n- -Xp-t]m-se-bmbn Hcp ]t Fsâ tcmkw Fs hn«p-t]m-b-xp-t]mse Hcp txm Â F\n v A\p-`-h-s -«p. {ItaW IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ \n pw F.Un.-F-kv. {]kn-uâv Øm\-t p h p AXp-aqew Hcp hmàuv apgp-h\pw {]hà n- p-hm³ Ah-k-cw-In«n IpSpw-_-{io-bp-ambn BZyw {]hà n- -t mä ]cn-l-kn- hà henb XmXm-]-cy-t mss kwkm-cn- p-ibpw kl-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Hcp \Ãt]cpw Hcp Øm\-hpw-e-`n- p-i-bp-m-bn. AXnÂ kzbw A`n-am-\n \nan-j- Ä Dm-bn-«p-v. Ct mä Hcp IpSpw-_{io bqwn-änsâ sk{i-«dn F.Un.-F-kv. {]kn-uâv kn.un.-fkv. sa¼à sxmgn-ep-d- nsâ taämbpw {]hà n- p- p. IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ tnà -Xn-\ptijw Hmtcm hyàn-i-fp-tsbpw hnj-a- Ä At\ym\yw NÀ sn p-hm\pw ]cn-lmcw ImWp-hm\pw \Ã hm p-iä ]d-bp-hm\pw DÅ Hcp Iq«mbva kvt\lhpw kl-i-c-whpw ]c-kv]-c-apå hnizm-khpw Ch-sbÃmw A\p-`-hn- p-t¼m-gpå kt mjw ]d-ªn-cn- phm³ ]äm- -Xm-Wv. CXn-\pÅ AÀlX F\n v F mwv F p-t]mepw Nn n- p-t]m-bn-«p-v. Hcp ]t CXmbncn pw Fsâ {]mw-hm-bp-hns\ \ne-\nà p- Xv F v Rm³ a\-ên-em- p- p. AsÃ- nâ acww Ft Fs simp-t]m-tbs\ F v Rm³ hniz-kn- p- p.

sxmgn-ep-d p ]²-Xn-bnÂ \n pw In«p thx\w Fsâ IpSpw-_- nsâ Zmcn{Zyw XpS- p-\o- n. ai\v tem FSp v Hcp Pohn-X-amÀ w XpS- n. ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Fsâ IpSpw- _- nsâ IS- Ä XoÀ p BZy-\m-fp-I-fnÂ. {Xn^väv AS- p-hm³ _p²n-ap-«nb Rm³ Cu C\- nâ 8000 nâ]cw cq]-bp-v. Xs -bp-aã _m nâ 10000 cq] \nt ]w Dv. CXn-s\Ãmw ImcWw IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS {]hà \w aqe-am-wv. AXnÂ hf-sc-b-[niw kt m-jhpw A`n-am-\-ap-v. sxmgn-ep-d v {]hà n-ø-e v IqSp {]hà -IÀ \ÂIp A\p-`-h- Ä ]d-bm- Xn-cn- p-hm³ Ign-bn-Ã.-]-e-X-c- nepw kz`m-h- n-epå BÄ m-c-wtãm? Chsc Ip«n-tbm- Pn- n- p-sim-p-t]m-ipi Hcp ]msp-x-s -bm-bn-cp- p. BZy-\m-fp-I-fnÂ F mâ Rm³ hg- p- ]-d-ªpw, \Ã-hm- p-iä simpw Ahsc H n- n- p. AhÀ F\n- p-iqsnbpå Blm-cw-hsc-sIm-p-h- p-x-cpw. ]e-t mgpw Rm³ simp-h- n-«på Blmcw Xncn- p-sim-p-t]m-ti kml- N-cy-am-bn-cp- p. AhÀ F\n v Hcp A½-bp-sSbpw tn n-bp-ssbpw Øm\w X p Ft - mä {]mb-apå hyàn-i-fnâ \n p-t]m-epw, AXv A\p-`-hn- p-t¼mä a\-ên-\p-m-ip kpjw H p thsd-x-s -bm-wv. A s\ Ccn- p-t¼mä Ipsd- mew ap¼v Cu {]hà - \ fnâ GÀs -«p-cp-s - nâ F p kt mjw Bbn-cp p F v a\êv B{K-ln- n-«p-v. s]mxp-p-\- -fpss CS-bnÂ \n pw AwKo-Im-chpw kvt\lhpw e`n- p Ah-k-c- nepw Nne-cpsS CS-s]-Sepw a\-êns\ hãmsx thz-\n- n- n-«p-v. AhÀ v IpSpw-_hpw kaq-lhpw c -s]-sp- -Xn-epÅ Akqb Ft Rm³ AXns\ ImWp- p-åq. CXv Ipd- p- IoSn DbÀ -bnâ F n-t cpw F v Adn-hp-Å-h-cmWv AXn-\p-]n- nâ. {]Xn-I-cn-t -n-s v {]Xn-I-cn- p-hm\pw AwKo-I-cn-t -Xv AwKo-I-cn- p-hm\pw DÅ iàn kv{xoim-ào-i-c-w- nâ \n pw e`n- n-«p-v. ASp- -f-bnâ Ccp- -hà Ac- -t v Cd n Ah-cpsS Ignhpw iànbpw sxfnbn- p. IpSpw-_- nâ kam-[m-\hpw kt m-jhpw F n Fs -t mse Bbn-c- -W- n\v Afp-IÄ v IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS {]hà \w PohnXw \ne-\nà m³ Ign-ªn-«p-v. AXn-\mÂ Hcp Ime pw IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS {]hà \w Xf-cmsX apt m-t«v am{xw t]mis«f v kàtæ-iz-c-\mb sszh-t msv {]mà n- p- p. Fs ac-w- nâ \n v Pohn-X- n-te v ssi]n-sn v DbÀ nb IpSpw-_-{io-{]-Øm-\- n\v hfà - mbn F#v#sd sndnb Cu A\p-`-h- p-dn v kaà n- p- p. F v A½nWn G{_lmw

3. Fs Rm³ B nb {io Rm³ knôp-emâ, Fsâ IpSpw-_{io XpS- n-bxv 2000 nemwv A p-ap-xâ Rm³ Fsâ bqwn-änsâ sk{i-«-dn-bm-bn-cp- p. Fsâ {Kq nâ R Ä FÃm-hcpw hfsc kvt\l-t m-sm-bn-cp p Ign-ªn-cp- -Xv. IpSpw-_{io cq]o-i-cn v 6 amkw Ign-ª-t mä Fsâ kwl- ns\ t{kup snbvxp. BZys ent -Pvtem FSp v R Ä s\âirjn snbvxp. AXp-h-scbpw I- nsâ hc-¼nât]mepw snãm Rm³ Irjn-sN- p- -Xn\v ap n-«n-d- n. `mkyw F -ÃmsX F p-]-d-bm³ A v IpäqÀ {Kma-]- m-b- nâ Gähpw \Ã Irjn R -fp-ts-xm-bn-cp- p. R f fpss t^mt«m ]{X- nâ h p. CXv Fsâ IpSpw-_-{io-Po-hn-X- nse ad- m³ ]äm A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp- p. ]n osv Nn w H n\v IÀj-Isc BZ-cn- p NS- nâsh v Fw.-FÂ.-F.-Fs s]m ms AWn-bn- p. ]n osv Rm³ F.-Un.-F-kv. sâ {]kn-uâm-bn. C s\ F.-Un.-F-kv.-F. {]hà n v hcsh B{i-b-Kp-W-t`m-àm- sf Xnc-sª-Sp- p hnhcw snbàt]-gvk Adn-bn- -X-\p-kcn v Gähpw AÀl-X-s «BfpI-sf-Xs AXnÂ DÄs -Sp- m³ km[n- p. C m-e-a- {Xbpw IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ Rm³ {]hà n- p XnÂ Fsâ `À mhv F\n v A\p-Iq-e-ambn-cp- p. A s\ Rm³ ]n osv kn.-un.-f-kv. snbàs]-gvk-wmbn aâk-cn- p-ibpw sfiy-iwvtt\ sxc-sª-sp- p-ibpw snbvxp. AtXm-Sp-IqSn F\n v GXv tìpnepw cphm- p-]-d-bp-hm³ IqSp-XÂ Dt -P\w e`n- p-ibpw snbvxp. Hcp-]mSp kv{xoisf IpSpw- _-{io-bn-te v simp-h-cm\pw km[n- p. kv{xoi-fmb R Ä 3 hàj-ambn ASp- n v HmW- -, {InkvXp-akv N F nh \S n AXnÂ \n pw hcp-am\w Is- p-hm³ km[n- p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Fsâ hmàunâ B{i-b-Ip-Spw-_- nâs]«hcp am\-kn-i-tcm-kn-bmb A½nWn F hyàn v tdj³imàun-ãm Xn-\mÂ Acnbpw FÃm-am-khpw simsp- p t]mj-im-lm-c-inäpw Rm³ t\cn«v simp-sim-sp- p- p. FÃm-am-khpw Fs {]Xo n v B hyàn Ccn- pw. Cu km[\w AhnsS F n v Ign-bp-t¼mÄ Ft m Hcp kwxr]vxn F\n v A\p-`-h-s -Sp- p. CXv Fsâ Pohn-X- nse ad- m³]-äm A\p-`-h- -fm-wv. A s\ 3 hàjw IS- p-t]m-bn. cm-as Xh-Wbpw Fsâ hmàunse \Ã-hcmb Fsâ IpSpw-_{io {]hà -IÀ Fs kn.-un.-f-kv. Bbn Xnc-sª-Sp- p-i-bpw, ]ns bpw snbàs]-gvk-wm-ip-ibpw snbvxp. cmw-x-hw snbàt]-gvk-wm-b-t mä Fsâ IpSp-_{io {]hà -IÀ FÃm hmàunepw Fs A\p-tam-Zn- p NS v \S- n. shdpsx Hcp hm n-eã A\p-tam-Zn- -Xv. t\m«p-am-e-i-fpw, kmcniä, Npcn-Zm-dp-IÄ, s]m m- S, s_m -IÄ, ame-iä CsXÃmw Fsâ {]hà -I-cpsS kt m-jw-simv F\n v D]-lmc-am-bn- - p. CsXÃmw Fsâ IpSpw-_-{io-bnse ad- m³ ]äm A\p-`-h-am-Wv. Fsâ FÃm Bh-iy- Ä pw Rm³ IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ \n mwv cq]m ]en-i v FSp- p- -Xv. Ct mä c-c-e w cm]q Fsâ IpSpw-_-{iobv v e`y-am- p-hm³ F\n v km[n- p. AXp-]- tbm-kn v R Ä _nkn-\êv \S- p- p. C{Xbpw \mfpw `À m-hnsâ t]m -änâ \n pw ss]k FSp- p-sim-n-cp R Ä v kz -am-bn«v cq]m ssiimcyw sn m-\på `mkyw H Xv IpSpw-_-{io-sImp am{x-am-wv. Hcp ]msp IpSpw-_{io {Kq p-iä v BSp-h-fÀ -en-

eqss hcp-am\w Is- p-hm³ km[-c- p. R Ä v kz -am-bn«v _m v A uv Dm-b-Xpt]mepw IpSpw-_{io H p-sim-p-am-{x-am-wv. Rm³ Cu cwk v h -Xp-sImv Hcp-]mSv \Ã BfpIfpambn ASp- n-s-]-g-im³ km[n- p. sxmgn-en-s- -fnâ kv{xoiä A\p-`-hn- p {]iv\- Ä, Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb {]iv\- Ä Ch NÀ sn p kv{xobpw sxmgn-epw, kv{xobpw Btcm-Ky-hpw apx-emb {]kn-²o-i-c-w- Ä ImWp-hm\pw Ah ]Tn- p-hm\pw ]än-bxv IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ AwK-am-b-Xp-sIm-p-am-{X-am-Wv. kv{xoi-fpss D -a-\- n-\p-thn {]hà n- p IpSpw-_-{io-t]mse ià-amb Hcp kwl-s\ thtd CÃ. AXn-\mÂ \½psS IpSpw-_{io {]Ø-B\w IqSp-XÂ {]hà -\- p-ambn ap³t]m«v t]mip-hm-\pw, Cu {]Øm-\- n-te v Hcp]mSp kv{xoisf qsn tnà p-hm-\pw, aäp-å-hà v {]tbm-p\w Dm-I- - -co-xn-bnâ \½psS {]hà -\- Ä ià-am- p-hm³ Cuiz-c³ A\p-{K-ln- s«f v F v Biw-kn- p-simv \nà p- p. knô-p-emâ kn.-un.-f-kv. snbàt]-gvk- IpäqÀ {Kma-]- m-b v 4. IpSpw-_{io Fsâ Dä-an{Xw Fsâ t]cv A¼n-fn.-Un. \mbà ] -\w-xn«\k-c-k` 20-þmw hmàunse Znhy IpSp- _{io AbÂIq-«mw-K-hpw, Znhy _mkv bqwn-änse Hcp AwKhpw IqSn-bm-Wv. Rm³ AbÂIq-«mw-K-am-bn«v Hcp hàjw am{xta Bbn-«p-Åp. Cu Hcp hàj- n-\n-s-bnâ Fsâ-bpw, Fsâ H -apå 12 t]cp-tsbpw PohnX nsâ KXn amän-a-dn- p- -Xn-\pw, hfà -bpss ]S-hp-IÄ Xmp- -Xn\pw IpSpw-_{io \n-an- -am-bxpw Rm³ Fsâ A\p-`-h- nâ Ipdn- p- p. Aev]-kz-ev]w kmaq-lni {]hà -\-hp-ambn Ignªp IqSn-bn-cp Hcp ho«-½-bmbn-cp p Rm³. \me p hàj- Ä p ap¼v P\-an-{X-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy- nâ sìuv t{]mpivsv \S- nem p _mkv \nà½m-w- nsâ ]cn-io-e-\- nâ Rm³ ]s -Sp- p-i-bpw, B ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-sn-bnâ \n pw F\n p txm n Fsâ Npäp-h-«- på \me v kv{xoisf DÄs -Sp n AhÀ v _mkv Dm- p- -hn[w ]Tn- n v sndnb txmxnâ Hcp kwcw`w XpS- m-sa v. A s\ Fsâ t\xr-xz- nâ Ip¼-g-bnÂ Hcp dqw hms-i-bvs -Sp v XpWn k n-iä \nà½n v XpS- n. Bcw-`-L-«- nâ R sf klm-bn- p-hm³ Bcpw Dm-bn-cp- n-ã. IS-IÄtXmdpw HmÀU-dp-IÄ p-thn Ibdn Cd- n. Rm\pÄs -ss-bpå 10 kv{xoiä v amkw 500 cq] hoxw-t]mepw hcp-am\w In«m Ah-Ø. A -s\-bn-cp- -

t m-gmwv Rm³ Adn-ªXv IpSpw-_{io AbÂ q-«- nâ AwK-am-bn-s mv kzbw sxmgnen\v At]- n- mâ Ipd-s ms Fsâ kwcw`w ap³t]m«v simp-t]m-im-sa- v. Rm³ Fsâ bqwnän-epå AwK- -sf-bpw, Fsâ hosn\p kao-]-apå Nne kv{xoi-tfbpw DÄs -Sp- n-s mv Hcp AbÂ q«w cq]o-i-cn- p Imcyw Btem-Nn- p-ibpw, R -fpss XmÂ]cyw kn.-un.-f-knâ Adn-bn- p-i-bpw, Bb-Xnsâ `mk-ambn R Ä v Ignª hàjw Znhy IpSpw-_{io F t]cnâ AbÂ q«w cq]o-i-cn v Xcp- Ibpw snbvxp. B hàjw Xs Rm³ DÄs ss A p-t]à GOT, EDP, Skill XpS- nb kzbw sxmgn-en-\på ]cn-io-e-\- nâ ]s -Sp- p-ibpw 5 e w cq] Im\dm _m nâ \n pw tem C\- nâ e`n- p-ibpw snbvxp. 1,75,000/þ cq] k_vknun C\- nâ kn.-un.-f-knâ \n pw R -fpss Znhy bqwnän\v e`n- p-ibpw snbvxp. IpSpw-_{io kwcw-`-ambn Znhy _mkv bqwnäv amdn-b-xn-\p-tijw R -fpss hfà AXn-th-K- n-embn-cp- p. IpSpw-_{io apjm- ncw R Ä v HmÀU-dp-IÄ e`n v XpS- n. ] -\w-xn-«-bnse FÃm Pqh-e-dn-I-fnepw Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pb-e van knâ nsâ FÃm imj- I-fn-te pw Bh-iy-amb _mkp-iä \nà½n p \ÂIn. ]Xps ]Xps R -fpss Øm]\w {]i-kvxn-bn-te v IpXn- m\pw XpS n amkw 500/þ cq] hcp-am\w FSp- phm³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp R -fpss PohnX \ne-hm-c- nâ amäw h p XpS- n. C v R Ä v snbvxp XoÀ p-hm³ Ign-bm Xc- n-epå HmÀU-dp-IÄ BWv e`n p-sim-ncn p- -Xv. thäuv ae-bmfn Atkm-kn-tb-jsâ Bh-iy-{]-Imcw, PÀ½-\n, P m³, knwk- qà F o hntz-i-cm-py- -fn-te p t]mepw R -fpss _mkp-iä Ib-äp-aXn sn -s -Sp- p.f{x HmÀU-dp-IÄ e`n- mepw IrXy-k-a-b p Xs R Ä _mkp-iä \nà½n p \ÂIp- p. bqwnäv AwK- Ä Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hmtcm Xc- n-epå bqwn-t^m-an-emwv tpmen sn p- Xv. D -`- -W- n-\p-tijw Ac-a-Wn- qà t\cw bqwnäv AwK- Ä H p- IqSn {]hà \ hnj-b- Ä NÀ sn p- p. sship-t cw tbmk, kõwkv XpS- nb BtcmKy {]hà -\- fpw \S- p p. C v R -fpss bqwnäv AwK- Ä IpSpw-_-{io, P\{io, SBT, IOB, STED P\- an{x cma-ir-jvw-an-j³ XpS- nb Øm]-\- Äs m-s bpw _mkv \nà½m-w- n-\m-h-iyamb ]cnioe\w \ÂIn-h-cp- p.iqsmsx R -fpss em` hnln-x- nâ \n pw FÃm-hÀjhpw, ]mhw ]n-sn Ip«n-IÄ pw A«- msn t]mse-bpå BZn-hmkn timf-\n-i-fnepw kup\y _mkv hnx-cww \S n hcp- p. Ct mä R Ä ^nj-dokv Un mà«p-saânsâ Bh-iy-{]-Imcw ]Xn-\m-bncw _mkv \nà½n v \ÂIp ]Wn- p-c-bn-em-wv.c v Rm³ ]pd-tim«v Xncnªp t\m p-t¼mä Fsâbpw, Fsâ H -ap-å-hcp-tsbpw Pohn-X- nâ kt m-j- nsâ Hcp ]q mew hncn-bn- Xv IpSpw-_{io F {]Øm\w H p am{x-am-wv. R Ä Cu {]Øm-\-t m-sv, CXnsâ {]hà -I-tcmSv F pw IS-s -«n-cn- p- p.

5. IpSpw-_{io Fs F m n? \sãmcp IpSpw-_n\n BIm³ Ign-ª-XmWv IpSp-w_-{io-bnÂ h -Xn-\p-tijw F\n- p-mb amäw. ImcWw Ipdª hcp-am-\- nepw Hcp IpSpw_w F s\ apt m«p simpt]m-im-sa- på ]mtw IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ \n mwv DÄs m-åp-hm³ Ign-ª-Xv. km[mc- W- m-cmb Fs -t m-epå BfpIÄ v Bß-hn-izm-khpw {]Xo- bpw hà²n- n- p-hm³ IpSpw-_{io aptj\ Ign-ªp. H m-as t\«w k¼m-zy-ioew hfà p-hm³ Ignªp F p-å-xm-wv. kv{xoim-ào-i-c-w- nsâ A :k Gsä-Sp v F{X-t mfw Hcp kv{xo v {]hà n- p-hm³ Ign-bp-sa v ]Tn- n- Xv IpSpw-_-{io-bm-Wv. ASp- -f-bnâ HXp- n- q-sn-bn-cp-, CXv aäpåhsc A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- p-hm³ asn- n-cp-,h n\pw Hcp Bß-hn-izmkw txm m-xncp Ime-b-f-hnÂ IpSp-_{io Iq«m-bva-bn-eqsS AsXms t\sn-sb-sp- p-hm³ km[n- p. hà²n ] m-fn at\m-`mhw e`n- p-hm³ Ign-ªp. aäp-å-h-cpss Zp:J nâ ] p-tncp-hm\pw klm-bn- m-\p-apå a\êv t\sm³ Ign-ªp. kaq-l- nse Zpjn {]hà -\- Äs -Xnsc i_vz-ap-bà p-hm³ th Icp v ]I-À- Xv IpSpw-_-{io-bm-Wv. kà mà, kà m-cn-xc Øm]-\- -fnâ t]sn-iq-smsx Ib-dn-s -Ãp-hmÂ {]m]vx-cm- n-bxv IpSpw-_- {io-bm-wv. Hcp Ime v t]sn-kz-]v\-am-bn-cp _m v, ] m-b v B^o-kp-IÄ, hntã-pm- ^o-kp-iä, Xmeq m^okp-iä, t]meokv tìj³ Chn-sSsbms t]sn-iq-smsx Ib-dns v Imcy- Ä km[n-s -Sp- p-hm³ IpSpw-_{io \ÂInb t\«w FSp- p-]-d-bmx h. F.-än.-Fw. ImÀUv km[m-cw P\- Ä v Ah-Im-i-ambn In«n-bXv IpSpw-_{io aptj-\- btã? Iq«m-bva-_Ôw Du«n-bp-d- n- p-hm³ ]Tn- n- Xv IpSpw-_-{io-bm-Wv. ASp- -Sp `h-\- -fnâ Xma-kn- ncp ]c-kv]-c-_-ô-an-ãm-xn-cp IpSpw-_- Ä C v Hmtcm `h-\- n-sebpw Ah-Ø-IÄ kzbw a\-ên-em n X k-a-b v th klm-b- Ä \ÂIp-hm³ km[n- p- Xv IpSpw-_{io aptj\-bm-wv. Bbn-ctam cm-bn-ctam thw-sa- nâ ASp ho«nse ]n m-¼p-d v t]mbn Im p-\nât KXn-tISv C n-ã. timsn-iä hmbv] simsp- p-hm\pw hm p-hm-\pw -{]m-]vx-cm- nb t\«w A]m-c-atÃ? DtZymKØ ta[m-hnxzw X«n-s -dn- n- p-hm³ Cu {]hà -\- Ä simv km[n- p. IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS BZys aoänwkv IqSp-hm³ ] m-b- n-se- nb A\p-`hw Rs\m-cn- epw ad- n-ã. kn.-un.-f-kv. snbàt]-gvk-wmbn Øm\-taäv Rm\pw kn.-un.-f-kv.-im-cpw- IqSn BZyw aoänwkv IqSp-hm³ F nb ] m-b- nâ R Ä v Hcp Ccn- n-shpw In«nbn-Ã. Iptd-t\-cs Im n-cn- n-\p-tijw e`n Øe- nâ Ccp v Ak-l-\o-b-amb NqSv \nan w ] m-b- nse ^m³ C«-t mä Dmb Xnàm-\p-`hw Hcn- hpw ad- m³ ]än- Ã. F mâ C s Ah-Øtbm? ]e-t mgpw ] m-b- m-^o-knsâ ]pds sì nâ Ccp v aoänwkv IqSn ]ncn-ªp-t]m-bn-«p-v. ]t Ahn-sS-sbm pw Xf-cp-hm³ CS-h-cp- msx ]pxn-sbmcp Znim-t_m-[-t mss Cu Iq-«mbva simp \S- p-hm³ km[n- p. Hmtcm Øe- pw-t]mbn Hcp-]mSv A\p-`-h- Ä tiä p-hm³ km[n- p. Bß-l-Xy-bn-

te v Imeq- n-bn-cp ISw-ho-«p-hm³ hgn-bn-ãm hà v amà w ImWn- p-sim-sp v Bßhnizmk nte v hfà n-sb-sp- p-hm³ km[n- p. Iq«mb {]hà -\- Ä p-thn k_vknun B\p-Iq-ey- Ä t\sn-sb-sp- p-hm³ km[n- p. t_m[h-xv -cw IvfmÊpIÄ \S- n... kqk³ amxyq, [\ym IpSpw-_-{io, sskeâv hmen, 6. ssi m- m-bv -F pw A\p-]a IpSpw-_-{io, hmàuv 17 Fsâ t]cv Hma\ kt m-jv, IpSpw-_n-\n, aq p a Ä, cmwpw Hcp s] pw. Iogv hmbv]qcv Øe-hm-kn, `À mhpw ASp- på BÄX-s, an{i-hn-hn-xà. an{i-hn-hm-ln-xsc kw_-ôn- på {]iv\- Ä FÃmw Xs F\n- p-ap-m-bn-cp- p. ]W- n\v _p²n-ap-«v, aäp- {]-iv\- Ä FÃmw Xs Rm³ A\p-`-hn- p. 2002 sk]väw-_à amk-amwv Rm³ IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ AwK-am-Ip- -Xv. BZy-sams `À m-hn\v hosn-t\msv D -c-hm-zn-xz-ap-m-bn-cp- p. a Ä aq p-t]à Bb-t m-tg pw azy- ]m\w Ie-i-em-bn. IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ tnà -Xn\v tijw R Ä sndnb txmxnâ I -hsw XpS- n. GsX- nepw Hcp AwK- nsâ `h-\- nâsh v ]e-lm-c- Ä, A mà, Acn-s m-sn, ]p«p-s]m-sn, CÍ-en-s msn F nh \nà½n v aq p-t]à IqSn hnx-cww \S- n. henb em`w H pw Dm-bncp nã F nepw Ipd- p-\mä _nkn-\êv \S- n. ]n osv Rm³ te_à C³Uy-bpsS suh-e-]vsaâv Hm^o-k-dmbn cp-hàj-t mfw {]hà n- p. Ip«n-IÄ hfà ph-cp-t mdpw snehpw hà²n- p. Ip«n-IÄ v an -hmdpw Akp-J-ambn Bip-]-{Xn-bnÂ AUvan-äm-bn-cn pw. Btcm-sS- nepw \qdv cq] ISw hm n-bmâ XncnsI simsp- m³ Ignbm Ah-Ø. ISw Xcm³ kaqlw asn- p. BZys Ip«n s] m-b-xn-\mâ GsXm-c-½tbbpwt]mse Fsâ a\êpw ]nsn- p-sim-n-cp- p. FÃmw Rm³ Cu{i-\nÂ AÀ n- p. Cuiz-c³ ]W-ambn \ap v Xcn-Ã-tÃm. \½Ä {]hà n- m-etã ]Ww e`n- q. A -s\-bn-cns Hcp kp{]-`m-x- nâ A s aã- Ån IpSpw-_{io snbàt]- gvk {ioa-xn. A½p-Ip- «n tkma³ Fs t^mwnâ (ho -«nâ t^mwn-ã, ASp- på ho«nse t^mwnâ) hnfn- p. Hma\ cmhnse IpSpw-_{io Hm^o-knÂhcWw F p ]dªp Ip«n-IÄ v t]mj-im-lmcw Dm- p- -Xnsâ s{sbn-\nwkv simã v t]miww \n -fpss AbÂ q-«- nâ Xmev]-cy-ap-Å-h-tcmSpw ]d-bww F p ]d-ªp. Rm³ IpSpw-_-{iobpsS sk{i-«dn F \ne-bnâ AbÂ q-«- nâ ]d-ªp. IqsS Fsâ `À m-hn-t\mspw

]d-ªp. Rm³ s]mbvt mt«f p tnmzn- p. A v Fsâ Cf-b-a-I\v \mep hbêv Bbn-«n-Ã. Fsâ ho«nâ a -fmbn Rm³ am{x-ta-bp-åq. ktlm-z-c- -fnã Fsâ AÑ³ acn- n«v A v cp-hàjw BIp- -tx-bp-åq. Ipªp- sf Gev]n- n«v t]mim³ Bcp-an-Ã. `À mhv ]dªp HcmgvN Xma-kn- på s{sbn-\nw-kns\m pw t]mi F v. AXp-sImv BZys _m v aã- -Ån-bnÂ \n pw t]mb-t mä RB³ t]mbn-ã. aã- Ån snbàt]-gvk {ioa-xn. A½p- p«n tkma-\p-ambn IpSpw-_{io hgn-bpå _Ô-aÃ F\n- p-m-bn-cp- -Xv. tn n-bpss tn«sâ aiä kviqä, timtfpv Xe- nâ Gähpw ASp Iq«p-Imcn Bbn-cp- p. Cu s{sbn-\nwkv t]mbmâ `mhn-bnâ {]tbm-p\w Dm-Ip-sa v tn n ap³iq«n Iv A½p-Ip«n tn nbpw A s R fpss hmàuv F.-Un.-Fkv. sa¼à {ioa-xn. eoem½ cmp\pw IqSn Fsâ `h-\- nâ h v `À m-hn-t\msv \nà_- Ôn v ]d-ªp. F p IjvSw kln- m-sw- nepw kt mjv Hma-\sb s{sbn-\nw-kn\v hnsww F p ]d-ªp. A s\ 2006-þÂ Hcp kp{]-`mxw s]m«n-hn-cn-bm³ XpS- n-b-t mä Xs -R- Ä \mep-t]à, Rm³, knôp tam\n- ³, iymaf iin-[-c³, kpzài³ F n-hà aã- -Ån-bnÂ F p-ibpw A½p- p«n tn nbpw H v simãw Icp-\m-K- -f-a-fn-bnâ Xgh F Øe v ]Xn-s\m- -c-tbmss s{sbn-\nwkv skâ-dnâ F p-ibpw snbvxp. B \nanjw HmÀ p-t¼mä F pw Rm³ sszh-t msv \µn ]d-bpw. IqsS Fs AXn\p t{]cn- n A½p- p«n tn n pw eoem½ cmp-\pw. s{sbn-\nwkv Ignªv h -Xn-\p-tijw Rm³ tiä m A]-hm-Z- -fn-ã. FÃmw \Ã-Xn\v F v Rm³ hniz-kn- p. 2006 Â Xs R Ä temwn-\mbpw bqwnäv XpS- p- - Xn\v Øe- n-\mbpw IpSpw-_{io Hm^okpw ] m-b pw _m p-ifpw Ib-dn-bn-d- n. F n\pw IqsS A s ] -\w-xn«ipspw-_{io Un.-Fw.-kn. ]ß-Ip-amÀ kmdpw A½p- p«n tn nbpw Dm-bn-cp- p. ]ß-Ip-amÀ kmd-csâ CS-s]-SÂ aqew aã- Ån bqwn-b³ _m nâ \n pw \mep e n \mâ]-xn-\m-bncw cq]w Hcp e w cq] k_vkn-un-tbm-sp- IqSn A\p-h-Zn- p. Ahn-sSbpw {]iv\w Xocp- n-ã. R Ä v s{]mu- ³ bqwnäv XpS- m³ A\ptbm-Py-amb Øew e`n- n-ã. ] m-b- nse {]kn-uâv {io.-ip-cp-hnf tpmàöv, hmàuv sa¼àamà, snbàt]-gvk, NmÀÖv Hm^q-kÀ F n-hà IqSn simã v simbn-tem I¼-\n-bnÂ \n pw s{]mu- ³ saj-\-dn-i-fpw HmÀUÀ snbvxp. HSp-hnÂ aã- Ån ] m-b v {]kn-uâv Ipcp-hnf tpmàönsâ (t_ -_n- p- «n mb³) `Ko-cY {]bxv\w aqew Iogv hmbv]q-cpå IÃp-dp-¼nÂ X¼n- m-bsâ si«nsw R Ä v {]hà n- p-hm³ e`n- p. A s ] m-b v `cw kan-xn-bn-epå kmdm½ amxyp. sdpn kmap-thâ, si.-pn. km_p, Fen-k-t_ v F n-hà R Ä v ]qà ]n³xp-w-tb-in-b-h-cm-wv.

2007 s^{_p-hcn 8þmw XobXn R Ä 10 t]à tnà v Hcp \yq{sn-anivkv bqwnäv A\p-{Kl & txpêv \yq{sn-an-ivkv bqwn-äv-þ-un.-fw.-kn. ]ß-Ip-amÀ kmà A\p-{K-ln v BioÀh-Zn v \ÂInb t]cv A\p-{K-l, txpkv H mbn tnà v A\p-{Kl & txpkv \yq{sn-anivkv bqwn-änsâ HutZym-KnI DXvLm-S\w \S- p-i-bmwv A v. AwK- Ä FÃmw bqwn-t^m-anâ kmcnbpw tim«pw sxm nbpw [cn v BËm-Z-`-cn-X-cmbn cmhnse Xs F n-t À p. tpmk^v Fw. ]pxp-tècn Fw.-FÂ.-F.. AUz.-P-b-hÀ½, ] m-b v {]kn- Uâv Ipcp-hnf tpmàöv, Un.-Fw.-kn.-]-ß-Ip-amÀ, IpSpw-_{io snbàt]-gvk A½p- p«n tkma³, NmÀÖv Hm^o-kÀ cmpo-hv, sa¼àam-cmb kpn txh-tcm-«v, si.-pn. km_p, F nh-scãmw k n-ln-x-cm-bn-cp p B Znhy aplqà - n-\v. AXn-\p-tijw aq p-hàj-t mfw aã- -Ån-bnÂ IpSpw-_{io {]hà \w Imcy- a-a-ãm-bn-cp- p. ]n o-sp-h Un.-Fw.-kn. {io cma-n-{µ³ kmà, Un.-Fw.-kn.-Pn. apcp-i³ kmà F n-h-cpss {ia-^-e-ambn IpSpw-_{io hopw kpo-h-ambn {]hà n- p- p. Ct m-gs snbàt]-gvk IrjvW½ tn n FÃm Imcy- n\pw R -tfm-ssm- -ap-v. IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ \n pw `h-\-{io-hgn \mâ -Xn-\mbncw cq] F\n v e`n- p. AXnÂ ]Xn-\m-bncw cq] XncnsI AS- p. B kabw CS-Xp-] a{ -k` `h-\{io tem Fgp-Xn- -Ån, AXv F\n v D]-Im-c-am-bn. C v R Ä \Ã coxn-bnâ aã- Ån ] m-b- nâ, aã- Ån t»m nâ Xs Gähpw \ mbn {]hà n- p Hcp IpSpw-_{io {]Øm-\-am-Wv. ] -\w-xn«pnã-bnâ 9 \yq{sn-anivkv bqwn-äp-iä Dv. A`n-am-\n- - - -h-cp-am-\hpw R Ä v e`n- p- p. C v F\n v thh-em-xn-bn-ã. Fsâ aq -a-i³ Ct mä _n.timw cmw hàjw ]Tn- p- p. Hcp ai³ Bdmw mênepw ]Tn- p- p. `À m-hnsâ D -c-hm-zn-xz-an-ãm-bva-bnâ Bß-l- Xy phsc {ian- -h-fmwv Rm³. B Fs C{X-bp-am- nb IpSpw-_{io {]Øm\w Fs kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw Cuizc Xpey-am-Wv. Cuiz-c³ F\n v ImWn- p-x Cu amà w F{Xw hà n- mepw axn-h-cn-ã. F\n p am{x-aã Fsâ IqsS s{sbn-\nwkv h knôp tam\n- ³, iymaf iin-[-c³ F n-hcpw R -fpss bqwn-änâ Dv. {]hà \ ka-b v ] p-t]à Dm-bn-cp bqwn-änâ \n pw HcmÄ KÄ^nÂ t]mb-xn-\mâ H³]-Xp-t]sc Ct mä DÅq. Cu hàjw IpSpw-_{io aptj\ ] m-b- nâ \n pw cp-e w cq]-bpss saj-\-dn- IÄ R -fpss bqwn-än\v e`n- p. Ct m-gs ] m-b v {]kn-uâv Fen-k-t_ v tp _v R -fpss kpp A½m½ F p Imcy- n\pw R -fpss H -ap-v. B kvt\lw, imk\w R Ä A\p-`-hn v Adn-bp- p. C p Rm³ A`n-am-\n- p- p. IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ AwK-am-b-Xn-\v, \µn-bp-v. IpSpw-_-{iobnev AwK-am-Im³ t{]cn- n- -h-tcm-sv, ktlm-z-cn-am-tc, \½psS Ign-hp-Isf {]I-Sn- n- phm³ \½psS kl-i-c-ws kaq-l- n\v a\-ên-em n simsp- p-hm³ IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ

{]hà n- q. \mw kv{xqiä Hä-b-Ã, A_-e-b-Ã, ASp- f Npa-cp-IÄ p-ånâ am{xw Xf- nsm\påxã kv{xo P. {]hà n- q... IpSpw-_-{io-bn-eqsS sxmgn-ep-iä sn q... \mw Db-cpw, hmt\m-fw...\mw t\spw, Nn n- p- -sx- pw, IpSpw-_{io hf-c-s«...-axv ac-am-bn, h³hr- -am-bn, ]qhn-ss«... a[p-c-apå ^e- Ä Dm-h-s«...-B-iw-kIÄ. Hma\ kt mjv 7. Fsâ IpSpw-_{io A\p`-h- Ä tpmtamä, ]c- -\mâ, ]pxp- -S. NnämÀ ] m-b- nse h mäp-]pg F IpSn-tbä {Kma- nâ P\n p hfà Rm³ h m-äp-]p-g-bnepw ] -\w-xn«pnã-bn-ep-ambn hnzym-`ymkw ]qà o-i-cn- p. s]mxphnâ P\-hmkw Ipdª h\-ta-j-e-bm-bn-cp- -Xn-\mÂ kmaq-ln-i-amb ]ptcm-kxn Ahn-sSbn-Ãm-bn-cp- p. AXp-sImv Xs kmaq-lni CS-s]-S-ep-IÄt m- k- -²-{]-hÀ -\-ta-j-e- I-fntem DÄs -Sp-hm³ Ah-kcw e`n- n-ã. F mâ dm n s]cp-\msv {Kma ] m-b- nte v hnhm-ln-x-bmbn h -t mä Xs IpSpw-_{io bqwn-änâ AwK-am-Im³ Ah-kcw e`n- p. Pohn- nsâ hnhn[ awvu-e- -fn-te- på hmxm-b\w Xpd- -s -Sp-I-bm-bn-cp p Ahn-sS. AÑ-tâbpw A½bptSbpw ]cn-n-c-w- nâ hfà v kzm{ib ImgvN- m-sp-iä CÃmsX Ah-cpsS snã- p-«n-bmbn hfà F\n v s]msp- s\ IpSpw-_n-\nbm-b-t mä Dmb ]cn-{`aw kzm`m-hn-i-ambn Dm-Im-hp- -Xm-Wv. F mâ Krl-{]-thiw \S- n-b-xp- Xs IpSpw-_-{io-bn-te- m-b-xn-\mâ F\n v sxãpw ]cn-{`aw CÃm-bn-cp- p. km[m-c-w- m-cmb sxmgn-emgn hà - nsâ kvt\l ]nc-em-f-\- -fnâ Fsâ Bß hnizmkw Zn\w- {]Xn hà²n p h p. IpSpw-_-{io-bp-ambn _Ô-s «IvfmÊp-I-fnepw {]mtz-in-i-ambn \S- p IvfmÊp-I-fnepw \nc- cw ]s -Sp- p-hm³ah-kcw e`n- -Xp-sImv IqSp-XÂ ]Tn- phm\pw Adn-bp-hm\pw km[n- p. CXp hfsc s]«- p-xs Cu {]Øm-\- nsâ t\xr-\nc-bnâ F p- -Xn\v tlxp-hm-bn. ipnnxz ]cn]m-e\w Xosc CÃm-Xn-cp FtÌäv IzmÀt«-gvkn-em-bn-cp p Xma-kw. sxmgnâ taj-e-bnâ]-wn-sb-sp- p ho«-½-am-cm-bn-cp p A[n-I-hpw F -Xn-\mÂ AhÀ p-xs ipno-i-cw {]hà -\- -fnâ GÀs -Sm³ Ign-ªncp- n-ã.f mâ Npäp- ]m-sp-apå aq p IpSpw-_-{io-bn-tebpw AwK- -fpss kwbpà tbmkw hnfn p tnà v ]cn-kc ipnn-xz-s - p-dn v NÀ sn p-ibpw XpSÀ på {]hà -\- Ä v Hcp amà tcj X m-dm- p-ibpw snbvxp. C m-cy- Ä FtÌäp amt\-pvsaâp-ambn kw-km-cn- -t mä ASn-b- n-c-ambn AhÀ Agp- p-nm-ep-i-fpss ]p\cp-²m-cww \S n X p. CXv

hr n-bpå ]cn-kcw F Bi-b- n\v IqSp-XÂ klm-b-i-am-bn. Rm³ F n-t À IpSpw_w ]ptcm-k-a\ Bi-b- m-cm-bn-cp- -Xn-\mÂ IpSpw-_{io {]hà -\- n-\p-thn F{X kabw sne-h-gn- mepw bmsxmcp FXnÀ pw CÃmsX ]cn-]qà ]n pw \ÂIn hcp- p. CXv Gsä-Sp- p {]hà -\- -fnâ BßmÀ -X-tbmsS CS-s]-Sp- Xn\pw ]qà o-i-cn- p- -Xn\pw klmb-i-am-ip- p. IpSpw-_{io {]hà -\- n-eqss tihew km¼- ni {Ib-hn-{Ibw am{x-aã Adn-hnsâ k¼m-z\hpw hnxcwhpw \S-t -Xp-s {]hà -\m-\p-`-h- n-eqss F\n v t_m²y-s -«p. AXp-sImv Xs sxm«-sp- på s]cpa sse{_-d-dn-bnâ \n pw ]pkvx-i- Ä sxc-sª-sp v ]Tn- p- -txm-ssm w kl IpSpw-_{io AwK- -tfbpw hmb-\-bn-eqssadn-hnsâ temi-t v ssi]n-sn- p-bà m³ Ign-bp p F Xv A\p-`-h-ambn Rm³ Icp-Xp- p. Ggp hàjw ap¼v Rm³ s]cp-\m-snsâ acp-a-i-fmbn F n-b-t m-gpå Ah-Ø-bÃ C v R -fpss {]tzi vv DÅ-Xv. kmaqlnihpw km¼- n-ihpw kmwkvim-cn-ihpw hnzym-`ym-k-]-c-hp-am-b- h³ap-t -ä-amwv AhnsS Dm-bn-«p-Å-Xv. Ipdª Imes {]hà -\w-simv IpSpw-_{io sk{i-«-dn, sa¼à F o \ne-i-fn-sems Fs F n- Xv IpSpw-_{io {]hà -\-am-sw- -Im-cy- nâ cp ] -an-ã. Fs Rm\m- nb Fsâ kl-{]-hà -Isc Ft m-ssm w apt dm³ klm-bn Cu IpSpw-_{io F alm {]kvym-\-t m-spå AssI-X-h-amb \µn AÀ n- p-sim- Åp p. Fsâ IpSpw-_{io A\p-`-h- Ä kaà n- p- p. 8. Fs pw HmÀ½n- m³ Fsâ A\p-`hw kviqä ]T\w Ignªv \n ka-b v X Â bqwn-änsâ Hcp \oxn KmÀU³knÂ tpmen In«n. 2 hàj- mew tpmen v t]mbn. tpmen th F v h v \nev p-t¼mä Fsâ hnhmlw Ign-ªp. ho«p-im-cpss FXnÀ v Dm-bn-cp- n«pw R Ä Hcp-an v Pohn- m³ Xocp-am-\n v hnhm-ln-x-cm-bn. AXn-\p-tijw ho«-½bmbn HXp n ho«n-\p-ånâ Ign-bp-t¼m-gmWv IpSpw-_-{io-sb- än Adn-ª-Xv. ]ns AXnÂ HcwKw Bbn {]hà n- v- C-t mä F.-Un.-F-kv. Bbn {]hà n- p- p. IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ h - Xn-\p-tijw sndp k¼m-zy- fpw \Ã BÄ -mcp-ambn CS-s]-Sm\pw s]mxp-th-zn-bnâ \n v kwkm-cn- m\pw kaq-l- nâ Cd n {]hà n- p-hm\pw FÃmw Ign-ªn-«p-v. ]ns IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS Hcp tbmk- nâ ]s -Sp v Xncn- p-h-cp-t¼mä F\n v hfsc hnjaw Xcp Hc-\p-`hw Dm-bn. ] -\w-xn«s]t{smä ]¼n\p kao]w _kv Im p \nâ p-t¼mä 18 hb-êpå Hcp s] Ip-«nsb HcmÄ Ib-dn-]n-Sn- p-ibpw, B Bfns\ Ac Intem-ao-äÀ HmSn- n«v ]nsn v t]meo-kn\v ssiam-dp-ibpw snbvx kw`hw AXv Fsâ Pohn-X- nâ ad- m³ ]äm Hcp kw`-ham Wv. CXn-s\ms F\n v ss[cyw ]IÀ v In«n-bXv IpSpw-_{io hgn-bm-sw v \µn-]qàæw Rm³ HmÀ p- p.

IpSpw-_{io CÃm-bn-cp- - nâ CXn-s\m pw F\n v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- n-ã F v F\n v Adn-bmw. C\nbpw IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ {]hà n v \Ã \Ã {]hà -\-hp-ambn apt m«v t]mip-hm³ km[n- m³ Ign-b-Wta F {]mà -\-tbmss \nà p- p. hn\-b-]qàæw, APn-X. kn.-un.-f-kv. sa¼à, 9þmw hmàuv. 9. an\àæ kvs]jyâ IpSpw-_-{io. Ipf-\S kn.-un.-f-kv-þâ kà mcnsâ AwKo-Im-c- n\p hnt[-b-ambn imcocn-i-þ-am-\-kni shãp-hn-fn-iä A\p-`-hn- p- -h-cpss c n-xm- -fpss AbÂ q-«-amb an\àæ IpSpw-_-{io-bnse Hcw-K-amb im ½ So -dnsâ A\p-`-h- Ä. Rm³ Ipf-\S ] m-b- nse 16-þmw hmàumb sr«qà BØm-\-ambn {]hà n- p an\àæ kvs]jyâ IpSpw_-{io-bpsS t{ib-ên-\p-thn aäp IpSpw-_{io AwK- -fpambn kl-i-cn v {]hà n- p- -Xn-\mÂ F\n v am\-kn-i-ambn hf-sc-b-[niw kt mjw Dv. R -fpss IpSpw-_-{io-bnse Hmtcm AwK- n\pw ImÀjn-I-cw-K pw kmwkvim-cni cwk pw hf-sc-b-[niw DbÀ -bp-m-bn. ]pxnb ]pxnb kà mà D -c-hp-ifpw AXnÂ A\p-im-kn- p \nb-a-mvmfpw a\-ên-em n Ah-Im-i Ä t\sn-sb-sp- p Xn\vIpSpw-_-{io-bpsS Iq«mbva FÃm AwK- Ä pw D]-I-cn- p. Ip«n-I-fpsS hnzym-`ym-kw, BtcmKy kwc- -Ww, sxmgn-e-h-k-c- MvMÄ F o Imcy- -fnâ Hcp icn-bmb D cw \ÂIp-hm³ R -fpss Iq«m-bva-sImv IpSpw-_-{io-bnse Hmtcm AwK- n\pw Ign-hp-m-bn. FÃm AwK- -fnepw tzio-b-k-¼m-zyioew hfà p. Hmtcm AwK- n-sâbpw Bh-iy- Ä kaq-l- nsâ Bh-iy-ambn Iv {]hà n- p-hm³ Ign-ªp. ]n³xp-wbpw t{]mõm-l-\-hp-ap-s- nâ GX-h-i-X-IÄ A\p- `-hn- p- -hcpw DWÀ p {]hà n- p-sa v IpSpw-_{io {]hà -\w-simv a\-ên-em-bn. C v an\àæ IpSpw-_-{io-bnse AwK- Ä tkm v, \nà½m-ww, X Â, timgn hfà Â, aõy-ir-jn, ] - -dn-t m«w XpS- n-b-h-bn-seãmw sshzkv²yw t\sn kzbw sxmgnâ snbvxp Zmcn-{Zy-\nÀ½mÀÖ\w sn m³ {ian- p- p. Ipf-\S ] m-b- w-k- fpw aäp IpSpw-_{io AwK- fpw an\àæ kvs]jyâ IpSpw-_-{io-bp-ambn hf-sc-b-[niw kl-i-cn v {]hà n- p- p. im -½, an\àæ kvs]jyâ IpSpw-_-{io.

10. {ioe van IpSpw-_-{io, timbn{]w ] -\w-xn«pnã-bnâ Xncp-hÃm Xmeq- nâ timbn{]w {Kma-]- m-b- nâ 12-þmw hmàunâ 2001-þm-amv Pq amkw 27-þmw XobXn R -fpss AbÂ q«w "{ioe van h\nx kzbw klmb kwlw" F t]cnâ cq]-h-xv -cn- p. timbn{]w 12-þmw hmàuv, timbn{]w apdn-bnâs]«abâ mcpw kam-\-nn- m-k-xn- m-cp-amb h\n-x-iä p am{x-ap-å-xmwv Cu kwl-s-\. kv{xoi-fpss ka-{k-amb hni-k\w, kmaqln-i-amb Ah-t_m[w krjvsn v s]mxp- Im-cy- -fnâ CS-s]-Sm³ kv{xoisf {]m]vx-cm- p-i, \nt ] ]²-Xn-I-fnÂ\n pw e`n- p XpIbpw aän-\- -fnâ \n p e`n- p k¼mzy- fpw AwK- Ä v klm-b-i-am- Ip coxn-bnâ hmbv]-iä A\p-h-Zn- p-i, kxy-k-ôhpw ]c-kv]c hnizm-k- n-e-[n-jvtn- X-hp-amb kaq-ls si«n- -Sp- p-i, kwl- Ä n-s-bnse {]iv\- Ä NÀ -sn- p-ibpw ]cn-lm-c- Ä ImWp-Ibpw sn p-i, kwl- nsâ Npa-X-e-bnepw AÃm-sXbpw Dev]m-Z-\- -a-amb ]²-Xn-IÄ GsäSp- p-ibpw kzbw-sxm-gnâ ]²-Xn-IÄ pw aäpw hmbv]-iä e`yam- p-ibpw sn p-i, hmbv]-i-fnâ \n pw e`n- p ]en-ibpw CX-c-ta-J-e-I-fnÂ \n pw e`n- p km¼- ni t\«- -fpw, k_v-knun, {Kmâv XpS- nb C\- -fnâ \n pw e`n- p XpI-IÄ simv kwlw \S- p IpSnÂ hyh-km-bw, X Â, ]pâir-jn, ]ip-hfà Â XpS- nb taj-e-i-fnâ \n pw e`n- p BZm-bhpw AwK- Ä v hoxn p \ÂIpI F n-h-bmwv kwl- nsâ Dt±-i-e- y- Ä. timbn{]w {Kma-]- m-b v IpSpw-_{io I½yq-Wnän Uh-e- vsaâv skmssk-än-bnâ 2003-þÂ R -fpss AbÂ q«w cpn-ìà sn p-ibpw KPM/CDS/27/03 F cpn-ìà \¼cnÂ R -fpss AbÂ q«w {]hà \w Bcw-`n- p-ibpw ]pãmsv ] m_v \mj-wâ _m nâ A uv Bcw-`n- p-ibpw snbvxp. ChnsS \n pw 1,60,000/þ cq] hmbv]-bm-bn e`n- p-ibpw snbvxp. IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ AwK-am-Ip- -Xp-hsc R Ä v bmsxm-cp-hn-[- amb {]hà -\- fpw Dm-bn-cp- n-ã. AwK-am-b-tXm-Sp-IqSn sndn-b-txm-xn-epå hcp-am\w ]ip-h-fà Â, ]pâirjn XpS- n-b-h-bnâ \n pw In«p-I-bp-m-bn. In«nb XpI ]eni klnxw _m nâ Xncn- -S-bv p-ibpw snbvxp. XpSÀ v R -fpss Gähpw ASp ] - \w-xn«pnãm kl-i-cw _m nsâ {_m mb Ico-e-ap v _m nâ A uv XpS- p-ibpw 3,00,000-bþ cq] _m nâ \n pw e`n- p-ibpw snbvxp. CXnsâ {Kmâmbn IpSpw-_-{iobnÂ \n pw 5,000-/þ cq] e`n- p. 26 AwK- -fpå R -fpss AbÂ q«w hfsc \Ã coxn-bnâx-s -bmwv apt m«p t]mip- -Xv. Ignª 10 hàj- m-ew-simv Hcp-]mSv amä- Ä R -fpss IpSpw-_- fnâ Dm- p-hm³ Ign-ªp. R -fpss kwl- nse AwK-amb tcj {]k- ³ C v hmàuv sa¼-dmbn {]hà n- p- p. CsXmcp A`n-am-\-ambn R Ä ImWp- p. AXp-t]mse cm[m-awn

F AwKw 2010-þ11-þse Gähpw \Ã IÀj-IÀ på "IÀj-I{io" AhmÀUn\v AÀlX t\sn. asäm-cw-k-amb iymaf taml-\³ Hcp an\n Ubdn ^mw \S n IpSpw-_- nsâ hcpam\w IpSpw-_mw-K- -sf- qsn DÄs -Sp n hcp-am-\-ap-m- p- p. CXp-Iq-SmsX aq c G - tdmfw hcp ]m«`qan Gsä-Sp v ]pâirjn \S- n-h-cp- p. CXn\v \_m-unsâ klm-bhpw In«n. C pw \Ã coxn-bnâ CXv apt m«p t]mip- p. GI-tZiw 12 AwK- Ä ]ip-h-fà Â XpSÀ p simp t]mip p. 10 AwK- Ä ]pâir-jn, ] - dn Irjn F nh \S- p- p. _m n-bp-å-hà X Â, tkm p \nà½m-ww, XpS- nbh sn p- p. Ct mä FÃm-hÀ pw Ønc-amb hcp-am\w t\sn-sim-sp- p- -Xn\v IpSpw-_{io klm-bn- p. CXv R -fpss hnp-b-ambn R Ä ImWp- p. AXp-t]mse Cu hàjw \Ã coxn-bnâ kwl- nsâ taât\m-«- nâ HmWmtLmj ]cn-]msn \S- p-hm³ R Ä p Ign-ªp. ]s Sp FÃmhÀ pw ImWn-IÄ pw ]mbk hnx-cww \S n h¼n hnp-b-am n amäp-hm³ Ign-ªp. CsXm-c-`n-am-\-ambn R Ä ImWp- p. CXnsâ sne-hp-iä kwl- nsâ em`- nâ \n pw aps- p-hm\pw Ign-ªp. Ct mä kwl- n\v 2,10,000/þ cq] \nt -]-ap-v. 2,17,000/þ cq] hmbv]-bmbn AwK- Ä p \ÂIn. hmbv] FSp AwK- Ä IrXy-ambn apxepw ]en-ibpw Xncn- -S-bv p- -Xp-sImv _m nâ \n pw hmbv] A\p-h-Zn p In«p- -Xn\v Hcp _p²n-ap«pw CÃ. hmbv] Gä-hpwth-K- nâ In«p- -Xn\pw R Ä v km[n- p- p-v. \Ã coxn-bnâ {]hà n- p- -Xn-\mÂ 'alnfm an{x" F t]cnâ 15 AwK- Ä v 25,000/þ cq] hoxw hmbv] A\p-h-Zn p In«n. ImÀUv Irjn hnúm-\-ti-{µ- nâ \n pw Iq Irjn, hmg-irjn F -hbv på ]cnio-e\w R -fpss AbÂ q«- n\v In«n. ] m-b- nâ \n pw timgn, BSv, ]ip F nhbpw R -fpss AwK- Ä v In«n. IqSmsX IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ \n pw tx\o hfà en\v ]cn-io-e\w In«n. Ch-sbÃmw \Ã-co-Xn-bnÂ ]cn-]m-en p simp-t]m-ip- -Xn\pw AwK- Ä v hcp-am-\-ap-m- p- -Xn-\pw kwl- n\p Ign-ªp. XpSÀ pw \Ã coxn-bnâ ]pxnb kwcw-`- Ä XpS- p- -Xn\pw Iq«mb {]hà -\- n\pw R Ä Xocp-am\w FSp- n-«p-v. CXn-\mbn IpSpw-_{io PnÃm anjsâ klmbw R Ä v In«p-sa Dd- -hn-izmkw R Ä p-v. \Ã coxn-bnâ {]hà n- p R -fpss AbÂ q«w hcpw Xe-ap-dbv pw DX-Ip Xc nâ AXnsâ {]hà \w simp-t]m-ip- -Xn-\mbn R Ä Hmtcm-cp- cpw {]b-xv\n- pw. tim`-\-amb Hcp `mhn-bv mbn R Ä Im n-cn- p- p. F v {ioe van IpSpw-_{io AbÂ q-«- n-\p-th-n, Djm cmtp-{µ³, {]kn-uâv. tcj {]k- ³, sk{i-«-dn.

11. s]m«n-s -dnª N e Fsâ t]cv kp[m clp. Rm³ IpäqÀ {Kma-]- m-b v Ggmw hmàunâ apån- md ae-ho-«nâ Xma-kn- p- p. Rm³ Cu tzi p h n«v 23 hàj-am-ip- p. Rm³ 12 hàjambn IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ AwK-am-bn-«v. Fsâ BZy \mfp-iä ]d-ªmâ azy-]m-\n-bmb `À m-hnâ \n pw am\-kn-i-ambpw imco-cn-i-ambpw simsnb ]ou-\- Ä A\p-`-hn hàj- -fm-bn-cp- p. A -s\-bn-cn-s. 1999 Â ] -\w-xn«pnã-bnâ BZy-ambn IpSpw-_{io cq]o-i-cn- t mä R -fpss Cu {]tz-i v Hcw-K-am-Im³ As -\n pw Hc-h-kcw In«n. \nc- -c-amb ]ou-\- n-\n-s-bnâ 12 BgvN-bnÂ Hcn- Â am{xta F\n v AbÂ q-«- nâ ]s -Sp- phm³ km[n- n-cp- p-åp. F\n v ho«nâ \n pw ]pd- n-d- p kabw hfsc Ipd-hv. Ft mgpw `À m-hnsâ azy-]m\ Imsem ti«på `b-t m-ss-bpå Ccn- v. B Hc-h-ØbnÂ F\n v Ft msp Xs shdp- m-bn. Rm³ am\-ko-i-ambn XIÀ p. Pohn-X- nâ \ncm-i-b-ãmsx asäm- pw sszhw Xcp- n-ã-tãm. Rm³ Cuiz-c-\n-Ãm-sb p ad- m³ {ian p XpS- n. At mgpw ]o-u\w IqSp-t¼mÄ Cuiz-cs\ hnfn- pw. ImcWw F\n v hnhml Pohn-X- nâ sszhw Zm\w X cp a Ä. HcmWpw Hcp s] pw. Pohn- p-s - nâ Ah-tcm-sSm- w. AsÃ- nâ Ah-scm- n v ac-ww. A -s\-bn-cns 2000-þmw amnâ `À m-hnâ \n pw `À r-ho-«p-im-cnâ \n p-apå ]ou\w IqSn. C{X-bp-am-bn«pw ChÄ t]mip- n-ãtãm F tnmzyw. F\n- -dn-bmw. Rm³ Ipªp- sf C«n-«p-t]m-bmÂ F\n v \sãmcp `À m-hns\ In«pw. ]t Fsâ a Ä v P w \ÂInb AÑs\ In«- n-ã. A s\ ]ou\w IqSn h -t mä 5 enäà as Fsâ Xe hgn Hgn- p. PohnXw Ah-km-\n- n- p-hm³ At mä \Ã-h-cmb Fsâ AbÂ mà \m«p-imà FÃm-hcpw Fs c n- p. hopw Hcp ]p\àp- w. AXnÂ Rm³ Fsâ sszh-t msp ]d-ªp. sszh-ta, F\n v C\nbpw Hcp Pohn-X-ap-s- nâ Fsâ `À mhpw a -fpsam- n v kt m-j-i-c-amb Pohn-Xw. Rm³ Fsâ N -e-si-«p-iä Hmtcm- mbn s]m«n- p-hm³ XpS- n. kzbw Hcm-ßss[cyw F\n-s -hn-spt m ssih-cn- p-hm³ XpS- n. Rm³ ]Xnsb Fsâ AbÂ q«t]m nsâ F w Iq«p-hm³ XpS- n. {]iv\ Ä IqSp-hm\pw XpS- n. Rm³ ]XdmsX ]nsn p \nâ p-hm³ XpS- n. am\-kni ]n³xpw Fs a\-kn-em- p-hm³ FÃmw F\n v thp-thmfw \ÂIp- p-m-bn-cp- p. AbÂ q-«- nâ h v F\n v `ojwn D]-{Zhw FÃmw kln- p. HSp-hnÂ Rm³ ]d-ªp. t]mimsx ho«nâ Ccp- mepw kam-[m-\-an-ã. t]mbm-ep-an-ã. F nâ C\nbpw t]mbn«p Xs -_m n Imcyw. A -s\-bn-cns 2002 apxâ FÃm BgvNbpw IpSpw-_-{iobv p t]mbn XpS- n. 2003 Â sk{i-«dn Øm\- t bv v t]cp \nàt±-in- p. At mä t]m p-h-c-hnsâ _p²n-ap-«p-iä aäp-å-hsc A`n-aq- Jo-I-cn- p-hm-\må asn. Rm³ thm-sb p ]d-ªp. A -s\-bn-cns 2004 Â sk{i-«dn

Øm\ v Bfn-Ã. \nà_ôw IqSn. `b-t mss Rm³ k½-xn- p. ]Xnsb s]mxp kaq-l- nâ Cd- m\pw FÃm-h-tcbpw ]cn-n-b-s -Sm\pw XpS- n. A v ] m-b- nâ t]m n\v F\n v ho«nâ \n pw A\p-h-Zn kabw 1 awn- qà. Fsâ {]nb ktlm-z-c- sf As sâ ]pxnb Pohn-X- n-sâ XpS- -am-sw v Rm³ Adn-ªn-cp- n-ã. henb Hcp amä- nsâ XpS- w. 7 hàjw AbÂ q«sk{i-«-dn. 3 hàjw F.-Un.-F-kv. sk{i-«-dn. 3 hàjw sxmgn-ep-d- p-ta-äv. 4 hàj-ambn Bim hà À. As -\n v 1 awn- qà A\p-h-Zn Fsâ hfsc tami-am-bn-cp `À mhv Cs -\n pw a Ä pw hfsc \Ã-h-\mbn sszhw R Ä p Xncn- p-x- p. Cs sâ `À m-hn-sâbpw a -fp-ssbpw Acn-InÂ \n v AXn-cmhnse hosp-hn-«n-d- p F\n v kôym-hn-f p I n- p ka-b- n\v A p an\näp ap³]p-am-{x-amwv an Znh-khpw ho«nâ hcp-hm³ ]äp- -Xv. Cs sâ ka-b- n\v AXnÀ hc-¼p-i-fn-ã. AXn- s\ A\- hpw hnim-e-hp-ambn ISÂt]mse Hgp-Ip- p. BZy bm{xbnâ tzi p ]ecpw tnmzn- p-am-bn-cp- p. F pw Fhn-sSbm Hcp n t]mip- -Xv. Hmt«mbnÂ Fhn-sS-t m-bn«m hcp- -Xv. At mä Rm³ ]d-bp adp-]-sn. `À mhpw a fpw Adn-ªmWp t]mip- -Xv. kmcn-bp-sp- på k mcw hà²n- -t mä kwi-b - p-ambn tnmzn- -h-tcmsv Hä-hm- nâ Fsâ adp-]-sn. Fsâ Igp- nâ Xmen-sI-«nb `À m-hn-sâbpw, a -fp-ssbpw k½-x-t mss \m«n-epå `À m- - msc kµàin- p-hm³ t]mip- p. kplr- p- Ä,kaq-lw C mà pw Rm³ k -cn- p- Xv Fhn-sb v Adn-b-. FÃmhÀ pw Adnbmw Fsâ bm{x. Rm³ Fsâ F«p hàjs sszàly-ta-dnb bm{x-bnâ At\I PnÃ-I-fnÂ hfsc hyxy-kvx- -fmb aoänw-kp-iä, s{sbn-\nw-kp-iä, s]mxp-]-cn-]m-sn- IÄ Ch-bn-sem-s bpw ]s -Sp- p-hm³ sszhw F\n- -h-kcw X p. CsXÃmw F\n v X Xv IpSpw-_-{io-bm-Wv. AtXm-sSm w IjvS-X-bnepw {]bm-k- nepw azy-]m-\w, tcmkn-ifmbn \ncm-ew-_-cmbn InS- -bnâ InS- p- -hà AXp-t]mse At\-IÀ Ahsc kµàin- p-hm³ sszhw F\n p Xs Cu Ah-kcw Rm³ Ign-bp- {X F m-emhpw hn[w ]cam-h[n {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp n \sãmcp `mcy-bm-bn. Fsâ a -fpss \Ã A½-bm-bn, Rm³ Fsâ tzi v IpSpw-_{io {]hà -I-bm-bn, Bim {]hà -I-bmbn {]hà n- p- p. Cs s Cu Rm\m n XoÀ Xv Fsâ IpSpw-_-{io-bm-Wv. Rm³ sshin-h-cp-t¼mä Fsâ `À mhv Fs Ifn-bm- n. Fsâ a -tfmsp ]dbpw Hcm-gvNs sne-hn-\p-åxv simp-h-cp- p-v. hm ]nåmsc I\w-IqSn Xebv p `mc-am. \ap p Xe-bnÂ \n pw ]nsn p ]nsn p Xm p shbv mw. Rm³ At mä Nncn- pw-simv {]Xn-I-c-W- n\p \nâ msx ]Xnsb \S p \o pw. C -gnª ] m-b v Xnc-sª-Sp- nâ Rm³ _n.-sp.-]n.-bpss Øm\mÀ n-bmbn aõcn p. shdpw \mep a Np-h-cp-IÄ p-ånâ \n pw Cs s Rm\m n F\n v Cu amäw Dm- n. F\n v PohnXw A\p-`-h- nâ IqSn ]Tn- n- p-x Fsâ IpSpw-_-{io-tbm- SpÅ \µnbpw IS- mspw F{X-]-d-ªmepw F\n v amxn-bm-hn-ã. AXp-t]m-se-Xs F\n v Ft mgpw FÃm ]n³xp-wbpw \ÂIp kn.-un.-f-kv. snbàt]-gvk, ]n.-f- v.- Un. saun- Â Hm^o-kÀ DÄs -Sp Ìm^v. Fsâ IpSpw-_{io {]hà -IÀ. kl-{]-

hà -I-cmb Bim-hÀ ÀamÀ Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bnÂ ]e PnÃ-I-fn-embn {]hà n- p Fs Adn-bp FÃm-hÀ pw thn IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS \ma- nâ Rm³ \n Ä p ap³]nâ kaà n- p- p. F v kvt\l-t mss kp[m clp apån- -d-a-e-bnâ, shkväv HmX-d. 12. t\«- Ä ]qà n-a-bn-eqss Hcp kviqä A²ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp Rm³ 2001 sabv amk- nâ kàæo-knâ \n pw ]ncnªp. tpmen-bn-cp Ime-b-f-hnÂ hfsc kwxr-]vxn-tbmss Zn\- Ä XÅn-\o- n-bn-cp- p. Hc-²ym-]n-I-bmb F\n v kmaq-ly-{]-hà -\- nâ hfsc XmXv]-cy-am-bn-cp- p. `mky-sa p ]d-bs«ipspw-_{io Fs mcp {]Øm\w DS-se-Sp- p-ibpw AXn-eqsS Fsâ B{K-l-]qÀ n-h-cp- p-hm³ Ign-bp-sa pw Rm³ hniz-kn- p. 2003 Â A msn ] m-b- p-x-e- nâ Hcp IpSpw-_{io cq]w-sim-åp-ibpw AXnsâ hym]vxn hmàuv Xe- nâ F p-ibpw snbvxp. A s\ ]cn-k-c- på GXm\pw kv{xoi-fpss Xmev]-cy-{]-Imcw R Ä Hcp IpSpw-_{io cq]o-i-cn- p. ]qà na F t]cpw \ÂIn. C m-e-a-{xbpw Cu IpSpw-_-{io-bnÂ {]hà n- p- p. BgvN-bnÂ Hcn- Â Hcp ho«nâ H p-tn-cp-ibpw Adn-hpÅ Imcy- Ä kwkm-cn- p-ibpw ]Xn-hm- n. A s\ C v kv{xoisf kaq-l- nsâ apjy-[m-c-bnâ F n- p-hm³ Ign-ªp. kv{xoi-àn-simv Hcp-]mSv \Ã Imcy- Ä sn m³ Ign-bp-sa v a\-ên-em- m³ Ign-ªp. DZm-l-c-W-ambn R -fpss {]tz-i v Bcw-`n- m³ X m-dmbn F nb Hcp azy-jm v Hcp Znh-kw-sImv kv{xoiä am{xw Iq«mb ]cn-{i-aw-simv am{xw Ahn-sS-\n pw si«p-si-«n- p. h³ t]meokv k m-l- n-\p-t]mepw AhnsS H pw sn m³ Ign-ªn-Ã. AXmWv kv{xoi-àn. ASp- -fn-bnâ am{xw HXp- n- -gn-ªn-cp Fsâ ktlm-z-cn-amà v Hcp Iq«m-bva-sImv hfsc iàn-bmàön- m³ Ign-ªp. F\n v AXn-tesd kt m-j-am-wv. IpSpw-_mw-K- -fpss hosp-i-fnâ \S- p GXp-Im-cy- -fnepw hen- -s -dp- -an-ãmsx ] psim-åm³ Fsâ ktlm-z-cn-amà v Ign-bp- p. R Ä IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS IognÂ I -hsw \S- n-bn-cp- p. \Ã coxn-bnâ Iq Irjn \S- n-bn-cp- p. CsXÃmw IpSpw-_-{io-sIm-pÅ Hcp t\«-ambn IW- m- p- p.

Ct mä Cu Iq«mbva R -fpss Hcp Poh-hmbp Bbn- m-wp- p. [mcmfw IpSpw-_- Ä v Bizm-k-ambn ImWp Cu {]Øm\w \mä p-\mä DbÀ -bnâ F -s«. Rm³ A msn {Kma-]- m-b v 11-þmw hmàunse kn.-un.-f-kv. sa¼-dpw ]qà na IpSpw-_{io bqwnäv sk{i-«-dn-bp-amwv. im ½ si.-si. 13. {Kma{io \yq{s-nanivkv bqwn-änsâ DÛhw Cc-hn-t]-cqÀ {Kma ] m-b v 4 e w cq]bpw ku v ae-_mà {KmaoW _m nsâ 3.5 e w cq] hmbv]bpw KpW-t`màym hnlnxw 50,000/-þ cq]-bpw tnà v BsI 8 e w cq]m apxâap-s- n-bmwv Cu sndp-ins hyh-kmb kwcw`w Bcw-`n- n-«p-å- Xv. GXmv \mâ]-txmfw IpSpw-_{io {]hà -I-cmb At]- -I-cnÂ \n pw Fkv.-F-kv.- FÂ.kn ]mêm-b-h-cpw, 35 hb-ên\v Xmsg DÅ-h-cp-am-b-hsc \mev {Kq p-i-fm n 20 AwK- sf Xnc-sª-Sp- p. PnÃm-an-j³ timþ-hmàun-t\-äà {io.-cm-a-n{µsâ \nàt±-i-{]-imcw ] fw Ipc-¼m-e-bnÂ {]hà n- p \yq{sn-anivkv bqwn-änâ ]cn-io-e\w e`n- p. timbn{]w CDPO {ioa-xn. ambm-e- van, timbn{]w t»m nsâ Bdp ] m-b- p-i-fnse AwK³\m-Sn-I-fnÂ t]mj-im-lmcw hnx-cww sn p-hm-\på Ah-Imiw Xcp-Ibpw snbvxp. AXn³{]-Imcw {Kma{io \yq{sn-anivkv F v t]cv \ÂIn. {Kma-]- m-b v `c-wk-an-xnbpw bqwnäv AwK- fpw IqSn \ qà h\nxm tamuâ alnfm kampw si«nsw hms-i-bvs -Sp v {]hà \w Bcw-`n-bv p-hm³ Xocp-am-\n- p. D-XvLm-S\w 2008 HmIvtSm-_À 19-þmw XobXn \S hà i_-f-amb NS- -fnâ {io. amxyp Sn.- txm-akv Fw.-FÂ.-F. DXvLm-S\ IÀ½w \nàh-ln- p. kzo v Hm IÀLw {ioa-xn. kn.-fkv. kppmx Fw.-]n. \nàæ-ln- p. tpmk^v Fw.-]p-Xp-tÈcn Fw.-FÂ.-F., Cc-hn-t]-cqÀ {Kma- ]- m-b v {]kn-uâv {ioa-xn. Po\m txma-kv, kn]n.-fw. PnÃm sk{i-«dn {io. AUz.-sI.- A-\- -tkm-]³, hmàuv sa¼à ia-co. AUz. cmpohv F³ aäp ] m-b v sa¼-àamà hn.-c.-h. {io. _m_p, kn.-un.-f-kv. snbàt]-gvk {ioa-xn. ktcm-pn\n cmp³ F n-hà Biw-IÄ Adn-bn- p. FÃm ] m-b- n-sebpw si.-un.-f-kv. kq À sshkàamà, AwK³hmSn {]hà -IÀ IpSpw-_{io {]hà -IÀ F n-hà ]s -Sp- p. {]hà \w \nàt±-im-\p-k-cww DÅ \ne-hmcw \ne-\nà n Dev]m-Zn- n- p t]mj-im-lmcw timbn{]w t»m n\v Iogn-epÅ Bdp ] m-b- p-i-fnse 135 AwK³hm-Sn-I-fnÂ hnx-

cww sn p- p. cmhnse 9.30 apxâ sship-t cw 5.30 hsc tpmen sn p- p. BZy-Im-e- -fnâ 100 cq] thx\ ASn-Øm-\- nâ FÃm amkhpw i¼fw FSp- p- p. 2011 apxâ Iuam-c-{]m-b- mà, KÀ`n-Wn-IÄ, ape-bq-«p A½-amÀ F n-hà v \ÂIp t]mj-imlmcw hnx-cww snbvxp-h-cp- p. kn.-un.-]n.-h., kq{]-ssh-kà F n-h-cpss CS-s]-S-ep-IfnÂsh v _nãp-iä AXm-Xp-amkw IrXy-ambn amdn-in-«p- -Xn\v {]txyiw \µn tcj-s -Sp- p- p. 2010 Â PnÃm anjsâ ip]mài {]Imcw F^v.-kn.-sF. bpss tkmx¼v e`n- p- p-v. \Ã coxn-bnâ Cu bqwnäv {]hà n- p-h-cp- -Xnsâ {][m\ LSIw bqwnäv AwK- -fpss Iq«m-bva-bm-Wv. 2012 sabv amkw apxâ Aar-X- nsâ hne 40/- Â \n v 50/ cq] B n. klm-b-[\w Øm]-\- n\v e`n- p hcp-am-\- nâ \n v Kh saâv kviqfnâ D -`- -W- n\pw tcmkn-iä v NnIn-Õ-bp-ambn [\-k-lmbw sn m-dp-v. IpSpw-_{io ]Ým- ew 2008 Â Bcw-`n bqwn-änsâ {]hà \ hnpbw AwK- -fpss BßmÀ hpw sfiy-t m-ss-bp-apå ITn\ {]b-xv\-am-sw v ]d-bp-t¼m-gpw, Ip#p-Sw-_{io Xe- nâ {]hà n v h -XnÂsh v Bß hnizm-k--amwv {][m-\-sa v R Ä kvacn- p- p. bqwn-än-\p-m-bn-cp hmbv] XoÀ p- -Xn\pw ]pxnb DXv]- - -fn-te v {]hà -\hpw hn]-w-\hpw hym]n- n- p- -Xn\pw km[n- Xv A -S- -t m-sp-iq-snb km¼- ni {Iao-I-c- W-am-Wv. AXn-\pÅ Adnhpw ]cn-n-bhpw e`n- Xv IpSpw-_{io {]hà -\- -fn-eq-ss-bm- Wv.Ct mä sa -am-b-h-cp-am-\- n-te v F p-hm\pw AXn-eqsS IpSpw UvP-änsâ `mk-am-ip-hm\pw R Ä v km[n- p- p. km¼- ni imàn-i-c-w- n-eqss ]Z-hnbpw Bß-hn-izm-khpw ssih-cn-bv p-hm- \på {iaw Hmtcm IpSpw-_{io {]hà -IÀ pw Dm-I-W-sa- mwv R Ä v A`yÀ nbv p-hm-\p-å-xv. hcpw-ime e y- Ä Bcw`w apxâ hmsi si«n-s- nâ {]hà n- p-h-cp R -fpss bqwn-än\v kz am-sbmcp si«nsw F B{Klw k^-e-am- p-i-bm-wv. IpSpw-_{io {]hà -\- -fnâ CSs]-Sp-Ibpw kv{xoisf kwl-sn- n- p- -Xn\v t\xrxzw \ÂInbpw cmpy k`m AwKw-h-scbmb {ioa-xn. Sn.-F³. koa A\p-h-Zn p X Ggv e w cq]-tbm-ssm w hnhn[ Xt±i kzbw `cw Øm]-\- -fpss ^pw tnà v Cu km¼- ni hàjw Xs R fpss si- «nsw ]Wn ]qà n-bm- m-sa p Icp-Xp- p. DXv - - nsâ hnx-c-w- n\v Hcp hml\w Bh-iy-ambn hcp- p. AXnsâ ss{uhnwkv ]Tn- p- -Xn\v R Ä {ian- z-cp- p. Dev]- -