- p-kvxm-bn Bcw-`n Xncpk`

05 hmeyw. HtŒm_ 2018 24 e w. 19 -sim- p- m- hnhmtl-xc ssewkn-i- _ w {Inan-\ Ip -a-s p kp{]ow-tim-s-xn. ]m]-øns in \ ti- Xp tims-xn-b, sszh-am-sw p tum. sk_-mãy t]mƒ ]d- n- p- v. ka-im-eni ]{XnI maruppacha@yahoo.com www.marupacha.com Published from Thiruvalla on 05-10-2018 MEMBER: NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA hne ` 4.00 k` sa{xm-t -X imtcm P\-d I h j \hw-_ 29 apx Xn-cp-h- : ti-c-f-øn-ep- m-b {]-f-b Zp-c- -Øn-s ]- m-øe-øn- im-tcm s^-tem-jn- v N - n-s Cu h -j-sø am ]m- -am pw I ±n-\mƒam pw sx p-]- n-bn- p v P-\-d I- -h -j \m-ep Zn-h-k-am-bn Np-cp- n. \-hw-_ tim bw: am ]m- -am pw 29 hym-gw ap-x Un-kw-_ I ±n-\mƒam pw sshzn-i - 2 Rm-b h-sc Xn-cp-h- imtcm {Ku- n sh- m-wv I- bn- p-s v k`-bpss c m-bn- m k -S-I-c-am-sW- nepw am ]m- -am pw I ±n- pw ka n-x pw sx p ] n- k`-bpss c m-bncw h jsø Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- -h -j \-S- p- -Xv. t\- cw h jsø Ncn{Xw hy -am- \m-f- m pw sa{xm- m pw sshzn-i pw ka nc-sø \-hw-_ 26 Xn- ƒ ap- p- p-sb v Imcnkva `h X-em-Wv I- -h -j \-S- ÿm]i Ub-d-IvS ^m. spbnw-kv a m- ItØm-en- p-hm Ign-bpw. tbip Xs Xnc-s -SpØ X pw Gsd sx p-iƒ D m-bn- p-s v a\- n-em- Øm \n- -bn- n-cp- -Xv. hym-gm-gv-n ssh-in- v k-`m- m k` F p ]d-bp-tºmƒ P-\-d- {]-kn-u v d-h. tpm- ]{ p «olm- m-cn Hcp-h-\mb bqzmkv kvidntbm-øm-bpss "Zpcm-flmhv' k`-bn DS-\ofw {]h- {^m kokv am ]m- -tbm, kotdm ae-_m k` F p ]d-bp- txm-a-kv I -h -j D- Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-øpw. tum. si. tºmƒ am Be-t cn ]nxmthm, kotdm ae- c k` F p th-gvn-bn a ƒ hsc D m-bn-cp am ]m- -am Ø\ \nc-x-am-bn-cp- p. kv{xoi-fpambn Ahn-ln-X- ap-c-fo-[-c-\m-wv C-{]m-h-iysØ ap-jy {]-kw-k-i. Iq- Sm-sX im-tcm s^-tem-jn- nse A-\p-{K-lo-X ssz-h-zm-k- ]d-bp-tºmƒ am oankv ]nxmthm, Hcp cq]x F p ]d-bptºmƒ Ahn-SpsØ sa{xmt\m D m-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v k` \in- p-t]m-bn- -. m-cpw hn-hn-[ ao- nw-kp-i-fn k-tμ-iw \ -Ipw. ""ssz-h-øn- sshzn-itcm A. c mw høn- m kq\-l-tzmkv ASn-h-c-bnse sa{xmt\m sx p-]- n-bm -te-bv- v a-s-ßn-h-cp-i'' (a-em- tbm I\ym-kv{Xo-bp-tStbm am{xa Xncp-k`; acn v kxy-øn- -W- n\v hnizm-kn-i-fp-ssbpw ssbpw k\y-kvx-cp-ssbpw timsn- v Fgp-Xn-bn- p v, k` hnizm-knk-`tbm B cq]-xtbm \in- p- Jn. 3:7) F- -Xm-Wv Cu h - j-sø Nn- m-hn-j-bw. ssh- I-fpsS Iq m-bva-bmwv F v. I-bn-. ImcWw k` {InkvXphns auxn-i-i-co-chpw AXn-, ]m iz-h -cn- -s - -h-cpk-`. k`-bpss c m-bncw h - \pw \oxn- pw-th n i_vzn- p- `qan-bnse ]dp-±okv BWv Xncp- Ip-t -c-ß-fn-se s]m-xp-tbm- am ]m- bpw sa{xm- mcpw ssh- K-߃ Iq-Sm-sX ]m-tã-gv-kv Zn-Icpw k\y-kvxcpw A am-bcpw F m-h-cp-apƒs -Sp- -XmWv s Xe-h {InkvXp-hp-am-Wv. ]- ssbpw i_vz-an- m-ø-h-cp-ssbpw j-sø Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- m tim -^-d -kv, kn.- -C.-Fw- k -tu-kv-iqƒ kw-bp- k`. {^m knkv am ]m- bv- - p-kvxm-bn Bcw-`n Xncpk` Ft mgpw ]cn-ip- m-flm-hn- I-bn-eqsS tbip-hn-s\-t mse am- pw I ±n-\m-f- m pw sa- i_vz-am-bn, XymK-Øns amxr- k- -S-I-c-am-sW- nepw am ]m- hm -jn-iw, h-\n-xm k-tω-f- t m, Be-t cn ]nxm-hn-t\m, \m \bn- -s -Sp- -Xm-Wv. B- kz-bw iq\y-h -cn v a p- h v A -ambn Xocp ]Xn- a- n-x pw Gsd sx p-iƒ {Xm- m pw sshzn-i pw k- \w, kw-bp- k-`m-tbm-kw F- am naokv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv-t m, GsX- nepw cq]-x-bn- tcm-]w hnt[-b-\mb ]Xn-\m-bnc-Øn-sem p hcp A -s - \m-bn-c- -W- n\v sshzn-i-cp- (ti-jw t]-pv n-h-bpw \-S- pw. 9) A t±-iob {InkvXob ]pkvx-i-taf \hw-_ 7 11 hsc apwss_ sshfw-kn-f-bn Xncp-h : temi-{]-ikvx {InkvXy _p v skt gvkv A-tkm-kn-tb-js kl-i-c-w- Øn `mc-x-ønse {InkvXy aoun-bm-bp-ssbpw {InkvXy FIvkvt]m kwl-s-\-bp-ssbpw B`n-ap-Jy-Øn thƒuv {In-kv- Xy FIvkvt]m kwl-sn- n- p- p. \hw-_ 7 apx 11 hsc apwss_-bn ssh.-fw.-kn.-f.- bnse hn yw-tidn \K-dn \S- p {InkvXy FIvkvt]m-bpsS Hcp- -߃ ]q Øn-bm-bn. anj-\dn kwl-s-\-iƒ, k`- Iƒ, Nmcn- -_nƒ Hm K-ss\-tk- j-\p-iƒ, ]ªn-tj-gvkv, hnzym- `ymk ÿm]-\-߃, am[y-a߃ XpSßn hnhn[ hn`m-k-ßfn-embn \nc-h[n Ãmfp-Iƒ {]- h Øn- pw. `mcx ss{i-kvx-h k`m-n-cn-{xw, `mcx anj-\-dn-am, ]pcm-x\ ss nƒ {]Z i\w F n-hbv v {]txyi ]h-en-b- \p-iƒ {]h Øn- pw. ]pkvx-i-ta-f-bn tziob A tz-iob \nc-h[n {]km- [-I {Kq p-iƒ ]s -Sp- pw. taftbm-s-\p-_- n v F m Znh-khpw {InkvXy ^nen-ap-iƒ {]- Z in- n- p an\n Xnb- dpw D- m-bn-cn- pw. C y anj, ]ªo-jnwKv & FUn- nwkv XpSßn-b hnj-b-ß-fn-ep skanam[y-a-߃ v ap hn[n D m-im ]msn : PÃnkv si.-sn. txmakv tim bw: k-aq-lw hniz-kn- mepw C- s - nepw {]Xn-`m-K- Øp- -h p IqSn ]d-bp- Xp tem-isø A-dn-bn- m am-[y-a-ß-ƒ- v DØc-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-s v P- Ãn-kv si.-sn. txmakv tim- -bw {]kv _n- kv-iqƒ Hm^v tp W-enkw NSßpIfn {]kw-kn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p At±-lw. hnhm-z-]-c-am-b Imcy-߃ {]kn- o-i-cn- p-tºm- \nb-ahpw [m Ωn-I-Xbpw c p hgn v ƒ c p ] -ßfpw Adn-bm AXp tiƒ- p-i-bpw hmbn- p-ibpw sn-øp Xn\v s]m-xp-p-\-߃- v A- h-im-i-ap- v. ]{X-{]- h -Ø-I p ap -hn- [nbp- m-im ]m-sn-. s]m-xp-k-aq-l-øn-s \ Imw n- m-i-ww dn-t m nw-kv. kaqlsø G hpw IqSp-X- kzm- [o-\n- p- D]m-[n-bm-Wv am[ya-߃. timsxn hn[n IpSpw-_-_- -ßsf XI pw sim n:hnhm-tl-xc ssew-kn-i- _ w {Inan-\ Ip -a- m-xm- nb kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n Ip- Spw_ km-aq-lni Pohn-X-ß-sf IqSp-X k o Whpw t i- ]q W-hp-am- p-sa Bi- -bps p sikn-_n-kn. hn[n ssewkni Acm-P-IXzw am{x-a IpSpw-_-_- -ß-fpsS XI - bv pw hnhm-l-tam-n-\-tøm-xv h [n- p- -Xn\pw hnhm-l-po-hn- X-Øn Ip p-ß-fpss `mhn A\n- n-x-xz-øn-em- p- -Xn- \pw CS \ In-tb- pw. kv{xo ]pcpj ssewkni _- -Øns ]c-a-{]-[m-\-e- yw Xs -bmb Zmº-Xy-kvt\- lhpw Ip n-iƒ p P w \evin (ti-jw t]-pv 9) (ti-jw t]-pv 9) hf Øepw F -Xns\ Ah-K- Wn- p- -XmWp tims-xn-hn-[n. kv{xobpss kzbw-\n W-bm-h- Im-i-Øn\pw hy n-kzm-x-{ y- Øn\pw Ah-Im-i-߃ p-amwv Du \evin-bn-cn- p- -Xv. {]Xy- -Øn CXv kzmk-xm - lhpw kv{xo] ImgvN- msp- Isf t{]m m-ln- n- p- -Xp-am- Wv. F m hnhm-l-sa ÿm- ]-\sø Zp _-e-s -Sp-Øp k- ao-]-\-amwp tims-xn-hn-[n-bn- \ng-en- p- -Xv. Zº-Xn-Iƒ XΩnep ]c-kv]c hniz-kvx-xbpw Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc \o p\nev p ]c-kv]c ka -W-hpamWv IpSpw-_-Øns sfiy- Øn\pw Ahn-`m-Py-Xbv pw A- Sn-ÿm-\w. Zº-Xn-Iƒ XΩn-ep kvt\- lw Ip p-ß-fpss P\-\-Ønte pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q Æ-amb c m-i Xr-Xz-Øn-te pw A- hsc \bn- p- -Xp-am-Wv. hnhm-tl-xc ssewkni _- w Ip -I-c-a- m-xm-ip-tºmƒ, {]mb-]q Øn-bmb GXp ]pcpj-\pw kv{xobpw D`-b-k-ΩX-{]- Im-cw ]pe Øp ssewkni _ w kmaq-ln-i-ambpw [m an- I-ambpw sx F [mc-wbp- m- pw. {]mb-]q Øn-bm-b-h XΩn- D`-b-k-Ω-X-{]-Im-c-ap F- m-øcw ssewkni _ -ßfpw, AXm-bXv hnhm-l-]q h-_- w, hnhm-tl-x-c-_- w, kz-h- K-cXn F nh A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am- Wv F Ahÿ ssewkni A- cm-p-i-xz-øn\p hgn-h-bv p- - Xm-Wv. a\p-jy-hw-i-øns \ne- \n-ev]n\p Xs Imc-W-amb ssewkn-i-x, hnhm-lw, IpSpw- _w F n-hsb _m[n- p \nb-a-߃ kaq-l-øn\p [m an- I-amb am K-Z i\w \evip- h-b-s - n AXp- m- p km-aq-ln-ihpw [m an-i-hp-amb {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ hep-xm-bn-cn- pw. Hcp IpSpw-_hpw kpc- n- X-a F ÿnxn-h-cp- Xv \nb-a-]-c-amb Ac- n-xm-h-ÿ- (ti-jw t]-pv 9)

2 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com FUn-t m-dn-b HtŒm_ 05 snb am tpm h Kokv amt\-pnwkv FUn- ^n n cmpp lqã No^v FUn- A Ip v Ce- q Hmh kokv FUn- DΩ F_-t\-k Hmh kokv Ub-d-Œ tum. Fw.-F-kv.kmap-h dkn-u v FUn-t gvkv Ipcym-t mkv txm -Øn Pm kn F. h Kokv Atkm-kn-tb v FUn-t gvkv jn_p ap -wim- n h Kokv amxyp Nm eokv amxyp sdpn aqtesw amxyqkv ]n. tpm tpmkv sf -c- Sn sd n tp _v tpm Pv s_ n sim p-h-s-t k_v FUn-t gvkv sp n h Kokv spbv -txm-akv amen-bn s]m Ω kmw kvs]jy dnt m t gvkv osbkv I -amw-aq- n sdpn h Kokv shæn- pfw ^n n s_ -an h Kokv PÃkv N{μ-t_mkv kmw amxyp \yqtbm v bp.si. P\-d tim -Hm Un-t\- PnPn _tdmu bp.-f.-c. P\. tim -Hm Un-t\- tpm aømbn AXn-cp- tpm. tim -Hm Un-t\- spbnwkv taa\ tim -Hm Un-t\-t gvkv a p ]osn-tb- s_ n ]m - H etlma cmp G{_lmw tam kn hf- -h w Umf v tpmbn kmw tp _v Im\U hm jni hcn-kwjy C y-bn : 150 cq] bp.-f-kv.-f. & Im\U : $ 50 Cw v : 20 ]u v Kƒ^v cmpy-߃ : 2000 cq] hcn-kwjy Ab-bvt hnemkw acp- πmt m w timwπivkv Xncp-h- - 1, tic-f. t^m : 0469-2634321 maruppacha@yahoo.com www.marupacha.com `mcy-bpss bp-am-\-\ ` Ømhv ""kv{xobpss bp-am-\-\mwv ` Øm-sh [mcw Ah-km-\n- n- m ka-b-ambn'' No^v PÃnkv Zo]Iv an{i. ""Cß-s\-bt m ] v sszh-øn {]Xymi sh n-cp hnip kv{xoiƒ Xß-sf-Øs Ae- -cn p ` Øm- - m v Iog-S-ßn-bncp- -Xv. Aßs\ kmdm A{_-lm-ans\ bp-am-\ F p hnfn p A\p-k-cn- n-cp- p...'' ]-t{xmkv olm /ss nƒ. 1 ]s{xmkv 3:5, 6 ""`mcy-am-tc, I Øm-hn\v F -t]mse kz ` Øm- - m v Iog-S-ßp-hn. {InkvXp ico-c-øns c n-xm-hmbn k`bv p Xe-bm- Ip- -Xp-t]mse ` Ømhv `mcybv p Xe-bm-Ip- p. F m k` {InkvXp-hn\v Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse `mcy-amcpw ` Øm- - m v ki-e-øn\pw Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn- -Ww''. ]usemkv olm / ss_-_nƒ. Fs^-ky 5:22 24. hnhm-tl-xc ssewkni _ w {Inan-\ Ip -am-ip C y in m-\n-b-a-ønse 497 mw hip v No^v PÃnkv Zo]Iv an{i A[y- - \mb `c-w-l-s\m _ v d±m- n. Hcm-fpsS `mcy ]c-]p-cp-j-\p-ambn ssewkni _ -Øn G s - m ]pcp-js\ t{]mkn-iyq v snømhp C y in m \nb-a-øn-se hip- mwv 497. hip- pw-{]-im-cw ]pcp-j\v am{x-amwv in e`n- p- I. CtX \nb-a-{]-imcw ]c-kv-{xo _ -Øn G s -Sp ` -Ømhns\Xnsc `mcybv v \n-b-a-\s-]sn kzoi-cn- m Ah-Im-i-an-. ""kv{xoi-fpss Bflm-`n-am\w kp{]-[m-\-am-sw pw `mcy-bpss bp-am-\-\ ` Øm-sh- p-ap \nco- -W-amWv A wk kp- {]ow-tim-sxn _ n\p Xv. hnhmltamn-\-øn\v hnhm-tl-xc _ w Hcp Imc-W-ambn ]cn-k-wn- mw. F m AXv {Inan-\ Ip- -am- m-\m-hn-. ]pcp-js\ am-{xw Ip - m-c-\m- p- Xv kv{xoi-fpss A`n-am-\-Øn\v If- -ta n- p- -Xm-Wv. CXp Xpey-X-bp Ah-Imiw ewln- p- p. ]pcp-j- \p kaq-lw Bh-iy-s -Sp- -Xpt]mse {]h Øn- -W-sa vkv{xoisf \n _- n- m-\m-hn-. ]p-cpjs\ Ip -hm-fnbpw kv{xosb Cc-bp-ambn ImWp- -Xn bp- n-bn-. ZmºXyw \ne-\n Øm ]pcp-j\pw kv{xo pw Xpey DØc-hm-Zn-Xz-ap v No^v PÃn-kns DØchn ]d-bp- p. 158 h jw ]g- -ap sf.-]n.kn 497 mw hip v d±m- n-b-txmss hnhm-tl-xc ssewkni _ w Ip -I-c-a- m-xm-bn. Cu \S-]Sn IpSpw- _-_- -Øns ]hn-{x-xbpw si p-d- p-an- m-xm- p-sa v ss{ikvxh k`-iƒ Bi- -s -Sp- p. kzh K-cXn Ip -Ir-Xy-a- m-xm- n-b-xn-t\- mƒ At\I asßv ]m iz-^-e-߃ krjvsn- p- -Xm-bn-cn pw Cu hn[n-sb p ax-kw-l-s-\-iƒ ]d-bp- p. apø-emjv hne- nb kp{]ow timsxn \S-]Sn Hcp hn`m-ksø \ncm-i-s -Sp-Øn. kv{xoi-fpss i_- cn-ae {]th-i-\-hp-ambn h hn[nbpw CtXm-sSm w tn Øp Nn- nt -Xm-Wv. kv{xoxpey-h-im-i-øn\p th n-hm-zn- p s^an-\n-ãp-i-fpss kac t]mcm- Øns hnp-b-ambn hn[nsb hne-bn-cp-øp- -h-cp- v. timsxn hn[n-bpss ] m-ø-e-øn ax-hn-izm-k-ßfpw P\-Iob apt - -ßfpw hcpw Ime-ß-fn kpoh N -bm-ipw. timsxn hn[n-i-sf- n hni-i-e\w snøp-tºmƒ tum. sk-_m-ãy- t]mƒ ]d- Xp {it -b-amwv. ""\ΩpsS Ip hpw in bpw \-ΩpsS ]o\ timum-wv. hy n-bpss hogvn-bn \n p- m-ip hy- n-]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-XzsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-bmwv {Inan-\ eo- K knãw {]h Øn- p- -Xv. ]m]hpw Ip hpw hyxy-kvx-am-wv. ]m- ]-Øn-\p in sszhw \ Ip-tºmƒ Ip -Øn-\p in timsxn \ Ip- p. ]m]w hnnm-cw snø-s -Sp- Xv sszh-øns tims-xn-bnem-wv.'' apø-emjv {]th-i\w ap ow kap-zm-b-øn-t -Xm-Wv. GXp {]mb- Øn-epap kv{xoiƒ v i_-cn-ae Nhn- m-sa- Xv sslμ-h-cpss BNm-c-ß-fp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-Wv. F m sf.-]n.kn 497 mw hip- n F m kaq-l-ßfpw Dƒs -Sp- p. ss{ikvxh kaq-l-amwv CtX- n G hpw Bi- -s -Sp- -Xv. C y ]o\ timuv atx-xc XXzß-fn A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. GXp-a-X-Øn s] -h pw AXp XpeyX \ Ip- p. ax \ntj-[n-iƒ pw Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ pw \ne- ]m-sp-iƒ pw kwc- Ww simsp- p- p. C y `c-w-l-s-\-bpss A -k-ø XXz-ß-f-. a\p-jym-h-im-i-ß-fm-wv. axm-[n-jvtn-x-a axhn-cp- -hp-a-. C y Hcp axm-[n-]-xy-cm-py-a-. AXp-sIm- p Xs ax kaq-l-ß-fpss hnizm-k-ßsf Xmtem-en- m ] nsb ph-cn-. ]e axm-nm-c-ß-fnepw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fnepw A\p-Iq-e-amb \ne]msv D m- m {]bm-k-ap- v. sp n-s v kaq-l-øns Hcp Xcw {`m mbn pw \ap v NnIn- n- m-\m-hmsx t]mip- Xv AXp-sIm- m-wv. \c-_-enbpw kxnbpw \nbaw sim v \ntcm-[n- m-\m-bn. F{Xtbm A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw A -hn-izm-k-ßfpw `mc-x-øn C pw \ne-\nev p- p. \thm-ym\ apt - -ß-fmWv \msns\ am nsbsp-øxp Xs. a\pjysc Xpey-cmbn ImWm \ap v t{]cw \ In-b-Xv, hntzi anj- \dn {]ÿm-\-ß-fm-wv. kv{xokaxz hmzn-iƒ AXp Adn-bmsX t]mi-cp-xv. kv{xo kzmx-{ y-øns BZym- -c-߃ ]d p X Xv Ah-cm-Wv. ape- -c-øn\p \nipxn simspø \msm-wn-xv. tn Ø-ebnse \tßen F Iogmf kv{xobmwv kh W `c-w-iq-s-øns C y `c-w-l-s-\-bpss A -k-ø XXz-ß-f-. a\pjym-h-im-i-ß-fm-wv. axm-[n-jvtn-x-a ax-hn-cp- -hp-a-. C y Hcp axm-[n-]-xy-cm-py-a-. AXp-sIm- p Xs ax kaq-l-ß-fpss hnizm-k-ßsf Xmtem-en- m ] nsb ph-cn-. ]e axm-nm-c-ß-fnepw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfnepw A\p-Iq-e-amb \ne]msv D m- m {]bm-k-ap- v. sp n-s v kaq-l-øns Hcp Xcw {`m m-bn pw \ap v NnIn- n- m-\m-hmsx t]mip- Xv AXp-sIm- m-wv. \c-_-enbpw kxnbpw \nbaw sim v \ntcm-[n- m-\m-bn. F{Xtbm A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw A -hn-izm-kßfpw `mc-x-øn C pw \ne-\n-ev p- p. Xn -bvs -Xn-sc-bp BZysØ c -km- n. ape- cw tnmzn p h A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ v hmg-bn-e-bn kz w ape-to-zn p simspøp {]Xn-tj-[n- p. Nm m elf Ncn-{X-Ønse kph Wm- ym-b-am-bxpw \thm-ym\ \mb-i aqe-am-wv. \thm- m\ \mb-i-cmbn Icp-Xp ]ecpw \msns kh W-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øns bpw BNm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw kwc- -I-cm-bn-cp- p. Iogm-f- m-cpss PohnXw Zpc ]q Æ-am- nbhcmwv ]e-cpw. kztz-im-`n-am\n cma-ir-jvw-]n- sb kh Æ ] -hm-zn-bmtb \njv] -a-xn-iƒ hne-bn-cp-øp- p- q. tum. cm[m-ir-jvw AXn\p ]d-bp Hcp sxfnhv CXm-Wv: ""1902 sk]v w-_ Ah-km\w ticf ]{XnI F hmcn-i-bn-segp-xnb Hcp tej-\-øn {io ]fl-\m` kzman t {X-Ønse ss]- p- \n D -h-øn hnf-s -SpØp A\p-K-an- p \mb kv{xoi-fpss A-c-bv p-ta \ -am-bn-cn- Ww F N -sø- n Cß-s\-bmWv Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. kv{xoiƒ axn-e-iøv iothen pc-bn sh v hnf-s - SpØv \S- p-tºm-sg mw amdnsw ad-bv msx \S p sim s F p shbv mw. Fs - m axn-en-\-iøv sszh-`- n-bn apgp-in-b-hcmbn lnμp-a-xsø A\p-k-cn- p GXm\pw PmXn- m am{x-ta-bp- q. F m th, Bdm v F o Ah-k-c-ß-fn ]Sn- mtd \S- ap- X- hfsc Zqcw Ccp-h-iØpw Xnßn-\n-ev p lo\ PmXn- m-sc v K-Wn- -s p hcp Nm - m, Cug-h, ]pe-b, ]d-b, apl-ω-zn-b F n-h-cpss apºn IqSn Im m-f-\mcn-isft mse t]mip- -Xn \ockhpw hyk-\-hp-ap- v. AXm-bXv k- h Æ am{x-ap- n-søv ad-bv mø amdp-ambn \S- p- -Xn sx n-. A- h Æ-cpsS apºn-eqss Aßs\ \S- p- -Xv icn-b-. Fs mcp hnnn-{xamb kzm-nm-c-t_m[w!'' Hcp \q m- p ]n n- t m-tg pw ticf kaqlw F{X-am-dn-bn-cn- p- p. \thm-ym- \ \mb-i-tcmspw timsxn-i-tfm-spw \μn ]d-bmw. Hmtcm ax kaq-l-ßsfbpw ip o-i-cn- m timsxn CSs]-S-ep-Iƒ Bh-iy-ambn hcp- p. ax-x-xz-ßfpw \nb-a-ßfpw ]e-t mgpw tn p t]mi-w-sa- n-. Bhiy-sa- n \nb-a-߃ ]cn-jvi-cn- - Ww. a\p-jy-\- bpw ka-xz-hp-am-bn-cn- Ww e yw. kv{xo kzmx-{ y-ap-t - -߃ F mw Xs ss{ikvxh XXz-ßtfmSp IS-s - n-cn- p- p. tdmam- mcpw blq-z- mcpw kv{xosb \n h- Nn- p- -Xp-t]mseb {InkvXym-\nXzw kv{xosb ImWp- -Xv. kv{xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xpey-\o-Xn-bmWv ss{ikvxh kn m- -Øn. ]u-semkv olm- simcn- pim-tcmsp ]d-bp Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv: ""kv{xotbm ]pcp-js txp- m-ip- p. ]pcp-j kv{xobn \n - t m kv{xo ]pcp-j-\n \n t{x D m-b-xv. ]pcp-j kv{xobv m-bn- kv{xo ]pcp-j-\m-bn- s{x krjvsn- -s - -Xv. F m I Øm-hn ]p-cp-js\ IqSmsX kv{xobp-an-, kv{xosb IqSmsX ]pcp-j-\p-an-. kv{xo ]pcp-j-\n \n p D m-b-xp-t]mse ]pcp-j\pw kv{xoap-jm- n-cw Df-hm-Ip- p. F m ki-e-øn\pw sszhw Imc-W-`q-X.'' IpSpw-_- -Øn kv{xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xpey-cm-sW v s]u-temkv olm ]d-bp- n-. ""GXp ]pcp-j-t bpw Xe {InkvXp; kv{xo-bpss Xe ]pcp-j, {InkvXp-hns Xe sszhw''. sszhw {InkvXp ]pc-p-j kv{xo CXmWv {Iaw. s]u-temkv Fs^-ky-tcmSp Cu _ -Øns {Iaw IrXy-ambn ]d-bp- -Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""`mcy-am-tc, I Øm-hn\p F -t]mse kz- w ` Øm- - m v Iog-S-ßp-hn. {InkvXp ico-c-øns c n-xmhmbn k`bv p Xe-bm-Ip- -Xp-t]mse ` Ømhv `mcybv v Xe-bm-Ip- p. F m k` {InkvXphn\p Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse `m-cyamcpw ki-e-øn\pw Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn-t -Ww. ` Øm- - m-sc, {Inkv-Xphpw k`sb kvt\ln- -Xp-t]mse \nß-fpss `mcy- msc kvt\ln- n-... ` Øm- mcpw Xß-fpsS `mcy-amsc kz w ico-c-ß-sf-t mse kvt\ln-t - -Xm-Ip- p. `mcysb kvt\ln- p- -h X -Øm kvt\ln- p- p... AXp \nanøw a\p-jy A -s\bpw AΩ-sbbpw hn p `mcy-tbmsp ] n-t -cpw. Ccp-hcpw Hcp tzl-ambn Xocpw. `mcytbm ` Øm-hns\ `b-s -ts- -Xm-Ip- p''. `mcym-` Xr-_- -Øns KmVX shfn-s -Sp-Øp XmWv Cu Iev- ]-\. Ccp-hcpw Hcp-tZlw! {InkvXp k`sb kvt\ln- -Xp-t]mse Poh simspøpw kvt\ln- p- p. C{X-am{Xw kvt\ln- p ]pcpj\p Iog-S-ßp-Ibpw `b-s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- Xv kvss{xw-x-bmwv kv{xoxz-øns al-xz-am-wv. kv{xobv p-th- Xv Icp-Xepw Xtem-Sep-am-Wv. B kvt\l N{I-hm-f-Øn sszh-km- n-[y-ap- v. {InkvXp-hns a\- p- v. Cu Iq m-bva-bn kv{xobpss bp-am-\-\mwv ]pcp-j. icocw sim- pw a\ p sim pw Ahƒ B{K-ln- p- Xpw AXp Xs -bm-bn-cn- mw. \oxn-]o-t-øns apºn `mcy-bpss bp-am-\-\- m-bn-cn mw ` Øm-hv. Icp-Wbp-sSbpw Icp-X-en-t bpw Iq mbvabmbn IpSpw_w amdp-tºmƒ AhnsS kvt\l- Øns Pze-\hpw A\p-k-c-W-Øns ssien-i-fp-ta-bp- p.

3 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com Ih -tãm-dn ss_-_nƒ: ssz-h-øn-s ]p-kvx-iw HtŒm_ 05 ]-g-b-\n-b-aw tam-si ap-jm- -cw ssz-hw a-\p-jy-h - -tøm- Sp sn-bv-x D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv; tb-ip ap-jm- -cw ssz-hw a-\pjy-h - -tøm-sp sn-bv-x D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv, ]p-xn-b-\n-b-aw. ]- g-b-\n-b-a-øn \ym-b-{]-am-w-hpw ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-øn kphn-ti-j-hp-am-wv ti-{μ-hn-j-b-߃. ]-g-b-\n-b-aw A-Sn-ÿm- \-hpw ]p-xn-b-\n-b-aw ta - -Wn-bp-am-Wv. ]-g-b-xp \n-g-epw ]p-xn-b-xp s]m-cp-fp-am-wv. Np-cp- -Øn ]-d- m ]-gb-\n-b-aw {]m-cw-`-hpw ]p-xn-b \n-b-aw ]-cy-h-km-\-hp-am-wv. ss nƒ cq-]-s - -sxßs\? tum. k\ojv sndn-bm 2000 h -j-߃ sim- p hn-`n- ÿ-e-ßfn-en-cp- v 40 hy-xy-kv-x F-gp-Øp-Im-cm F- gp-x-s - {K-Ÿ-sa-{X ss_-_nƒ. Zm-ho-Zpw i- tem-tam-\pw, cm-pm- - m-cm-bn-cp- p.6 Zm-\n-tbepw, s\-l-aym-hpw `-c-w-x-{ -Rv-P- m-cm-bn-cp- p. F-{km ]p-tcm-ln-x-\m-bn-cp- p. an-{k-boan-se k-i-e- m-\-øn-epw \n-]p-w-\-bm cm- P-Ip-am-c-\m-bn-cp- p tam-si. K-am-en-tb-en-s injy-\m-bn \ym-b-{]-am-w-øn A-Km-[- m-\w k-ºm-zn- hy- n-bm-bn-cp- p ]u-tem-kv. B- tam-kv B- n-s-b-\m-bn-cp- p. ]-s{xm-kv, bm-t m- _v, tbm-l- m F- n-h hn-zym-hn-lo-\-cm-b ap- p-h-cpw a-øm-bn Np- - m-c-\pw B-bn-cp- p. eq-s m-kv kp-hn-ti-j-øn-s -bpw, A-s m. {]- hr-øn-i-fp-ss-bpw c-n-bn-xm-hm-b ep-s m-kv ssh-zy-\m-bn-cp- p. tbm-ip-h hn-iz-kv-x-\m-b ]- S-bm-fn-bm-bn-cp- p. sb-i-øm-hp, bn-sc-aym-hp, sbsl-kv-t Xp-S-ßn-b-h {]-hm-n-i- m-cpw, i- ap-th, {]-h-nm-i-\pw ]p-tcm-ln-x-\p-am-bn-cp- p. ss_-_nƒ c-nn- -s - ÿ-e-߃ {]-[m-\-ambn ko-\m-bn a-cp-`q-an-bpw A-td-_y-bn-se Ip- p-ip-sf ]m-e-kv-xo-\n-se a-e-i-fpw ]- -W-ßfpw ssz-hm-e-b-øn-s {]m-im-c-hpw t] -jy-bpss X-e-ÿm-\-am-b iq-i-\pw _m-_n-tem-wn-se ti-_m \-Zo-X-S-hpw tdm-an-se I -Øp-d- p-iss{ikvxh hnizm-k-øns B[mcw Xs hnip en- Jn-X-ß-fm-Wv. sszhw a\p-jytcm-sp kwkm-cn- p- -Xmb am- y-a-am-bn- pw, a\p-jy\p sszhsø Adn-bp-hm-\p am y-aam-bn pw sszh-\n-iz-kvx-amb Cu GI-{KŸw h Øn- p- p. _p n-]-c-hpw, bp n-]-chpw, ÿnc-hp-am-bp Hcp Bibw sszh-\n-iz-kvxhpw, A{]-am-Zn- Xzhpw, A_- -cm-ln-xy-hp-ap Cu {KŸ-Øn-emWv ZrV-s - ncn-t - -Xv. ss nƒ F ]Zw ss nƒ F ]Zw "_n- _vtfmkv' (Biblos) "_n_v entbm- ' (Biblion) F o c p {Ko v ]Z-ß-fn \n p-amwv IS- p-h- n- p- -Xv. A m-e-ßfn Fgp-Xp-hm-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp _n_vfmkv (Biblos) AYhm ]m n-dkv (Papyrus) F hm n \n p-amwv apifn D -cn Ccp-]-Z-ßfpw Dcp- Øn-cn- n- p- Xv. ss nƒ tihew Hcp {KŸ-a-. F m bym {KŸw F -h-im-is -Sp-hm tbmky-x-bp GI- {KŸw ss nƒ am{x-am-wv. (The Bible is not merely a book, however it is the book) Cu \maw ss n-fns sfiyx (unity) sbbpw k tδm-xvir-jvsx (Preeminance) sbbpw Hcp-t]mse Nq n- m-wn- p- p. ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pxnb \nb-ahpw 66 ]pkvx-i-߃ AS-ßn-bn- p hnip ss n-fns\ s]m-xpsh c p `mk-ß-fm-bn- mwv hn`-pn- n- p- -Xv. ]g-b-\nbaw (Old Testament) ]pxnb \nbaw (New Testament). \nbaw F -Xp-sIm- -am- p- Xv Ccp hy n-iƒ XΩn-ep DS- ºSn (Covenant) sb m-wv. ]gb-\n-b-a-øn- Cu bmym yw IqSp-X hy -am-ip- p- v. B- Zm-apw sszh-hp-am-bp DS-º-Sn, A{_-lm-an-t\mSp snbvx DS-º- Sn... Cßs\ \nc-h[n DS-º-Sn-Ifm kº- -amwv ]g-b-\n-b-aw. Xncp-h-Ømg ka-bøp k- μ t`m-nn-x-ambn ""]pxnb \nbaw'' (1 simcn- y 11:25) F hnti-jww I Ømhp D]-tbm- Kn- p- p. B ]pxnb \nb-a- Øns ip{iq-j-i-cmwv sszh- Zm-k- m (H.t\m 1 simcn- y 11:25; 2 simcn- y 3:6) c mw \q m- ns A ytøm-sp IqSn ]g-b-\n-baw, ]p-xnb\nbaw F o \ma-߃ Dd- n- -s - p. aq mw \q m- ns Bcw-`-Im-e-b-f-hn Pohn- ncp Hdn-P (Origen) F k- `m-]n-xmhp sszhni Xncp-sh-gp- Øp-I-fmb ]gb ]pxnb \nb-aß-ƒ'' F p Xs Fgp-Øp-Ifn- ]-cm-a -in- n- p- v. bn-{kmtb- P-\-X-bp-sS sx-c-s -Sp- pw A-\- -c N-cn-{X-hp-am-Wv ]- g-b-\n-b-a-øn-se {]-Xn-]m-Zy hnj-b-sa- n I -Øm-hm-b tb-ip- {In-kv-Xp aq-ew \n -Δ-ln- -s - ]m-]-cn-lm-c-hpw A-Xn-t\m-Sp _- -s - hn-j-b-ß-fp-am-wv ]p-xnb \n-b-a-øn-se {]-Xn-]m-Zy hn-jbw. ]-g-b-\n-b-aw tam-si ap-jm- cw ssz-hw a-\p-jy-h - -tøm-sp sn-bv -X D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv; tb-ip ap-jm- -cw ssz-hw a-\p-jy-h - -tøm-sp sn-bv -X D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv. ]p-xn-b-\n-baw. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn \ym-b-{]-am- W-hpw ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-øn kp-hnti-j-hp-am-wv ti-{μ-hn-j-b-߃. ]-g-b-\n-b-aw A-Sn-ÿm-\-hpw ]p-xnb-\n-b-aw ta - -Wn-bp-am-Wv. ]-gb-xp \n-g-epw ]p-xn-b-xp s]m-cp-fpam-wv. Np-cp- -Øn ]-d- m ]- g-b-\n-b-aw {]m-cw-`-hpw ]p-xn-b \nb-aw ]-cy-h-km-\-hp-am-wv. ]g-b-\n-baw F{_mb ss n-fn ]gb-\n-b-asø 3 Xc-Øn-emWv hn`-pn- n- p- Xv a.txmdm. (tam-si-bpss ] - {K-Ÿ-߃): Dev]-Øn, ]pd- msp, tehym, kwjym, Bh Ø\w b \_ow ({]-hm-n-i-]p-kvx- I-߃): {]hm-ni ]pkvx-i-ßsf ho pw c mbn Xcw Xncn- n- p- v. (i) \_ow dntjm\ow (ap {]- ss nƒ Fgp-Xnb Ime-L- hpw cn-bn-xm- fpw e-øo hƒ-tk- v ss_-_n-fn-se co-xn-bm-wv a-e-bm-fw ss_-_n-fn A-h-ew-_n- n-cn- p- -Xv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a ]p-xn-b \n-b-a {K-Ÿ-߃ D- -S-Ø-n hy-xy-kv-x-ß-fm-sw- p txm- ntb- m-sa- n-epw ti-{μo-ir-x-am-b B-i-b-kap- -bw C-h-bn-se- mw Im-Wmw. {In-kv-Xp, \m- Y-\pw c- -I-\p-am-sW- p- Im-gv-N- m-sp, Cu {KŸ-ß-fp-sS-sb- mw A- -[m-c-bm-wv. Cu A- -[m-c-bp-ss {]-Im-i-\w am-{x-am-wp Hm-tcm {K-Ÿ-hpw. h-nm-i- m ): tbmiph; \ymbm- [n-]- m, iap-th-ens ]pkvx- I-߃, cmpm- - m-cpss ]pkvx- I-߃ (ii) \_ow AL-tdm\ow (]n- -{]-h-nm-i- m ): sbi-øm-hp, bn-sc-aym-hp, sbl-kvt, tlm-iyb apx aemjn hscbp- 12 sndnb {]hm-ni ]pkvx-i-߃. (c) si-øq-_o (F-gp-Øp- Im ): k- o -Ø-\-߃, k-zr-ihm-iy-߃, C-tøm-_v, D-Ø-a-Ko- Xw, cq-øv, hn-em-]-߃, k-`m- {]-kw-kn, F-tÿ (sa-kn-t m- fpw, G-Im- -am-b ]-tflm-kv Zzo-]pw H-s B- bn-cp- p. Cu a-l-øm-b {K-Ÿ-Øn-se {K-Ÿßƒ Hm-tcm-tcm Im-e-b-f-hp-I-fn-se B-h-iy-Øn- p th- n F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW- n-epw G-Xp-Im-etØ- pw a-xn-bm-b-xm-wv. H- mw i-x-i-øn-se b-lq-z-\pw ]p-d-pm-xn- pw A-h F-{]-Im-cw B- h-iy-am-bn-cp-t m A-{]-Im-cw C- -sø Cw- ojp-im-c-\pw a-e-bm-fn- pw A-h B-h-iy-am-bncn- p- p. ]p-cm-x-\ ss{i-kv-x-h D-]-tZ-i-Øn- \pw B-Nm-c-Øn- pw G-I-{]-am-W {K-Ÿ-hpw C- Xp X-s. Cu-bp-d-h-bn \n- v k-` I-gn- A-t\-I i-xm-_v-z-ß-fm-bn Po-h-P-ew Ip-Sn- psim- n-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Cu bp-k-øn-s A- h-km-\w h-sc-bpw A-hƒ A-Xp Xp-S - p snbv-xp-sim- n-cn- pw. k-`-bp-ss sx- p-iƒ- p- im-k-\-bpw k-i-e Zp-cp-]-tZ-i-߃-s -Xn-cm-b kw-c- -W-hpw Cu {]-am-w {K-Ÿ-Øn Im- Wmw. th-z-im-kv-{x kn- m- -߃ h-cn-i-bpw, t]m-ip-i-bpw sn-øpw. F- m Xn-cp-h-N-\w A- {]-am-zn-ø-am-bn A-_- -c-ln-x-am-bn F-t - pw \n-e-\n-ev- pw. Øv) Zm-\n-tb F-{km s\-laym-hp, Zn-\-hr-Øm- -߃ (F- {_m-b ss_-_n-fn-se H-Sp-hn-esØ ]p-kv-x-iw Zn-\-hr-Øm- ß-fm-Wv) F-{_m-b ss_-_n-fn 24 ]pkv-x-i-ß-fm-wp- -Xv. \-Ωp-sS ]- g-b \n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- 39 ]pkv-x-i-ß-fn ]-e ]p-kv-x-i-ßfpw A-h-cp-sS H- m-bn- m-wp Im- Wp- -Xv. H- pw c- pw i-ap-then-s ]p-kv-x-i-߃ A-S-ßn-b i-ap-th, cm-pm- - m, Zn-\-hr- Øm- -߃ H-cp ]p-kv-x-iw, F- {km-bpw s\-l-aym-hpw tn - p H-cp ]p-kv-x-iw, tlm-si-b ap-x- a-em-jn h-sc-bp- 12 sn-dnb {]-h-n-\-߃ A-S-ßn-b H-cp ]p-kv-x-iw F- n-h-bm-w-xv. F- {_m-b A- -c-am-e-bp-am-bn s]mcp-ø-s -Sp-Øn ]-g-b-\n-b-a-sø 22 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fm-bn tpm-kn-^kv X-cw-Xn-cn- n- p- v. (cq-øv \ybm-[n-]- m-tcm-spw hn-em-]-߃ bn-sc-aym-hn-t\m-spw tn -Øn-cn- p- p.) ]pxn-b-\n-baw ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn B-sI 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fm-wp- -Xv. C-hsb kp-hn-ti-j-߃, N-cn-{Xw, te-j-\-߃ F- n-ß-s\ sam- Ø-Øn aq- m-bn X-cw Xn-cn- mw. D- -S- -Øn-s A-Sn-ÿm- \-Øn N-cn-{Xw, {]-h-n-\w F- n-ß-s\-bpw X-cw-Xn-cn- m-hp- - Xm-Wv. ""kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn _o- P-am-bn Im-Wp- -Xv {]-h -Øn-Ifp-sS ]p-kv-x-i-øn N-cn-{X-ambn sh-fn-s -Sp-I-bpw, te-j-\-ßfn D-]-tZ-i-am-bn am-dp-i-bpw sh-fn- m-sp ]p-kv-x-i-øn D-]- am-\-cq-t]-w sx-fn- p \n - p- I-bpw sn-øp- p.''b-si 8 t]- cm-wv Cu 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fp-ss F-gp-Øp-Im. C-h-cn eq-t mskm-gn-si F- m-h-cpw b-lq-z- mcm-wv. Im-e- -W- -\p-k-cn- v Xm-sg-h-cpw {]-Im-c-am-Wv A-h F- gp-xn-b-sx- p th-z-im-kv-{x-]- fin-x- m A-`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. bm-t m-_v, a -s m-kv, K-em- Xy, 1,2, sx- -tem-\n-iy, 1,2 sim-cn- y, tdm-a, a-øm-bn, eqs m-kv, F-s^-ky, sim-semky, ^n-se-tam, ^n-en- n-b, 1,2, ]-s{xm-kv, A-s m-kv-x-e {]- hr-øn-iƒ, F-{_m-b, bq-zm 1 Xn-sam-sY-tbm-kv, Xo-sØm-kv, 2 Xn-sam-sY-tbm-kv, tbm-l- m-s kp-hn-ti-j-hpw aq- p te-j-\-ßfpw sh-fn- m-spw F.-Un. 40 \pw 100 \pw a-s y-bp- A-c i-xm- _v-z-øn-\p- n-em-wv C-h-sb- msa-gp-xn-b-xv. F-gp-Xn-b {I-a-Øne- C- p \mw A-h-sb ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- -Xv. ]-e ]pcm-x-\ ]-cn-`m-j-i-fn-epw {K-Ÿti-J-c-ß-fn-epw kp-hn-ti-j-߃, A-s m. {]-hr-øn-i-fp-ss ]ptijw t]-pv 8

4 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com Ih -tãm-dn ss_-_nƒ: ssz-h-øn-s ]p-kvx-iw HtŒm_ 05 ]-g-b-\n-a-øn-se 39 ]p-kv-x- I-߃ ssz-h-\n-iz-ko-b-ß-fmsw- p \n- -bn- p kzo-i-cn- n- p- -Xv. B Im-e-sØ `- - mcm-wv. F-s - p D-]m-[n-I-fp-]- tbm-kn- m-wv Cu ]p-kv-x-i-ßfp-ss Im-t\m-\n-I kz-`m-hw \n - Æ-bn- -sx- p ap-gp-h-\m-bn \-ap- -dn- p-iq-sm. A- m-e-sø ssz-h-`- - m \n-jv-i -j-tbmss ]-cn-tim-[n- p kzo-i-cn- n- p- h-bm-wv Cu 39 ]p-kv-x-i-߃. \-Ωp-sS I -Øm-hn-s Im-e-Øp \n-e-hn-ep- m-bn-cp- Cu ]p-kv- X-I-߃ I -Øm-hpw A-s m-kv- X-e- m-cpw Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fm-bn kzo-i-cn- n-cp- -Xp-sIm- v \-ap- n-xn-s\ tnm-zyw Iq-Sm-sX X- s kzo-i-cn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn-se 39 ]p-kv- X-I-ß-sf- - n ta - m-wn- an- -hm-dpw F- m Im-cy-ß-fpw ]p- Xn-b \n-b-a-øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i߃- pw _m-[-i-am-wv. ss_- _n-fn-se ]p-kv-x-i-߃ ssz-hmflm-hn-s \n-tbm-k-øm F-gp- X-s - -h-bpw \-Ωp-sS hn-izm-k- Øn-\pw A-\p-jvTm-\-߃- pw sx- n- m-ø A-Sn-ÿm-\ {]-am-whp-am-sw- v B-Zy \q- m- n X- s k-` Aw-Ko-I-cn- p. ]u-temkn-s F-gp-Øp-Iƒ Xn-cp-sh-gp- Øp-I-fm-sW- v ]-s{xm-kn-s te-j-\-øn k-a - n- p ]-d- n- p- v. (2 ]-s{xm-kv 3:15,16). A-Xp-t]m-se X-s ]p-xn-b \nb-a-øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fpw B-Zy-Im-e-ß-fn X-s k-`-ifpw ]n-xm- - m-cpw ssz-h-øn-s A-cp-f- m-sp-i-fm-bn kzo-i-cn- p. c- pw aq- pw \q- m- p-i-fn Pohn- n-cp- th-z-im-kv-{xn-i-fpw k- `m-]n-xm- - m-cpw ]p-xn-b \n-ba-øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fn \n- pw X-ß-fp-sS D-]-tZ-i-߃- m- [m-c-am-bn A-\-h-[n `m-k-߃ D- -cn- n- p- v. A-{]-Im-cw ]n-xm- - m D- -cn- F- m th-z-`m- K-ß-fpw H-cp-an- p tn - p- ]- w ]p-xn-b \n-b-aw H-t m-ss `q-an-bn \n- p A-{]-Xy- -ambm-epw \-ap- p ]p-xn-b \n-b-a- Øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fpw ]ns -bpw ]n-xm- - m-cp-ss F-gp- Øp-I-fn A-h-ti-jn- pw F- p ]-d-bp- -Xv. F- p-sh- m ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn-se k-i-e-`m- K-ß-fpw ]n-xm- - m-cp-ss F-gp- Øp-I-fn A-h-ti-jn- pw F- m-wv ]-d-bp- -Xv. F- p-sh- m ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn-se k- I-e `m-k-ß-fpw ]n-xm- - m-cp-ss F-gp-Øp-I-fn Hm-tcm L- -Ønse B-h-iyw A-\p-k-cn- p A- Sn-ÿm-\ {]-am-w-ß-fm-bn D- cn- n- p-s - p km-cw. A-\-h-[n ]p-kv-x-i-߃ X- -s -Sp-I-bpw A-h-bp-sS Iq-ºmc-ß-fp-sS a-t y \n- v 66 ]p-kv- X-I-ß-fpw kz- a-ln-a \n-an- Øw, ]-c-k-lm-b-sam- pw Iq-SmsX A-h-bp-sS C- -sø \n-kv- Xp-e-am-b ÿm-\w ssi-h-cn- p- I-bp-am-Wv D- m-bn- p- -Xv. ""knwl-øn-\p kw-c- -Ww \ -Iphm \n-߃ B-cpw _- -s -ts- -Xn- m, A-Xn-s\ Iq- n \n- pw A-gn- p-hn- m kz-b-kw-c- -Ww A-Xp X-s \n -Δ-ln- p-sim- pw.'' F- p ss_-_nƒ kw-ln-x-sb- - n H-cn- kv-] - P {]-kv-xm-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. ss_-_nƒ C- -sø \n-e I-cÿ-am- n-b-xv A-Xn-s kz-`m-hn- I tbm-ky-x-iƒ sim- p am-{xam-wv. Imt\m F ]Zw Imt\m F ]Zw "Ims\lv' (Kaneh) F F{_mb [mxp-hn \n pw Dcp-Øn-cn Imt\m (Kanon) F {Ko p ss_-_n-fn-s B-[n-Im-cnIX hm n \n p- -hn- -Xm-Wv. 1. B -cn-im w Imt\m F ]Z-Øns B -cn-im w "HmS-t m ', "RmßW' Fs m-s -bm-wv. c -Øn Cu hm p D]- tbm-k-øn-en-cp- p. (1) Bim-cnam D]-tbm-Kn- p Af-hp-tIm- (2) Af p Xn -s -Sp-Ønb hkvxp (H. t\m. sbl-kvt 40:3, 42:16) 2. em -WnI coxn em -WnI coxn-bn "hyhÿ' "am\-zwvuw' F o A - -ß-fn D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. (H. t\m. Kem-Xy 6:16) 3. kmln-xy-øn kmln-xy-øn Hsc-gp-Øp- Im-cs IrXn-Isf "Abm-fpsS Imt\m ' F p ]d- p-h- ncp- p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn tπt m-bpss Imt\m F p ]d- m tπt m Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn AwKo-Icn- -s {KŸ-ß-fpsS Hcp ] ni F w. 4. sszh-imskv{x {]mtbm-kni coxn hnizm-k-øns {]amww F \ne-bn Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-IfpsS A[n-Im-c-hp-ambn _ -s - n-cn- p Hcp {]tbm-k-amwv Imt\m. hnizm-k-øns am\- Zfiw F \ne-bn Hdn-P (F.Un.84-284) Cu ]Zw D]-tbm- K-n p F m sszhni sh-fn- m- Sp-I-fpsS ] ni F Bi-b- Øn Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ v Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn- Xv Ae-Ivkm- { n-bm-bnse _nj- m-bn-cp AØ-t\-jykv (F.Un-.296-373) BWv. \njym kp -l-tzm-kn (F.Un.325) kxy-hn-izm-ksø Imt\m F t]cn hy-h-lcn p. ]n osv Iu kn-ep-i-fpss Xocp-am-\-Øn\p Im-t\m- F t] h p. Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fpsS Imt\m F p ]d-bp- -Xn-\m Dt±-in- p- Xv Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Ifmbn AwKo-I-cn- -s - n-cn- p {KŸ-ß-fpsS ] n-i-sb- m-wv.'' A-\-h-[n ]p-kv-x-i-߃ X- -s -Sp-I-bpw A- h-bp-ss Iq-ºm-c-ß-fp-sS a-t y \n- v 66 ]pkv-x-i-ß-fpw kz- a-ln-a \n-an-øw, ]-c-k-lmb-sam- pw Iq-Sm-sX A-h-bp-sS C- -sø \nkv-xp-e-am-b ÿm-\w ssi-h-cn- p-i-bp-am-wv D- m-bn- p- -Xv. ""knw-l-øn-\p kw-c- -Ww \ - Ip-hm \n-߃ B-cpw _- -s -ts- -Xn- m, A-Xn-s\ Iq- n \n- pw A-gn- p-hn- m kz-bkw-c- -Ww A-Xp X-s \n -Δ-ln- p-sim- pw.'' F- p ss_-_nƒ kw-ln-x-sb- - n H-cn- kv- ] -P {]-kv-xm-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. ss_-_nƒ C- -sø \n-e I-c-ÿ-am- n-b-xv A-Xn-s kz- `m-hn-i tbm-ky-x-iƒ sim- p am-{x-am-wv. Imt\m-\nIw \n Æ-bn- p- -Xn AS-ßn-bn-cn- p ASn-ÿm\ Imcy-߃ 1. Hcp At m-kvx-et\m k- l-im-cntbm Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-tWm? 2. D -S- w. Xncp-sh-gp- Ømbn KWn- -Ø Bflob kz`mhw AXn-\pt m? 3. km Δ-{Xn-I-ambn AwKo- I-cn- -s -Sp- pt m? 4. Bfl \niz-kvxx B- fl \nth-i-ambn Fgp-Xn-b-XmtWm F p- -Xn\p Fs - nepw sxfnhp B ]pkvx-i-ønep-t m? Hcp ]pkvxiw Imt\m-\n-IamtWm F -Xns {][m\ sxfnhp B {KŸw Bfl-\n-iz-kvXamtWm F -Xm-Wv. (2 XnsamsY-tbmkv 3:16, 17)b sszhm-fl- \n-iz-kvx-ß-fmb tcj-i-sf mw Xncp-sh-gp-ØmWv. sszh-h-n-\- Øns A[n-Imcw Ah-bv p- v. B -cni km y-øns A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Hcp {K- Ÿw Bfl-\n-iz-kvXhpw XZzmcm Imt\m-\n-I-hp-ambn AwKo-I-cn- -s -Sp- Xp k`-bpss Imem- Im-e-ß-fn-ep km y-s]mcpøw AXns\ Dd- n- p- p. ]g-b-\n-ba Imt\m ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn Dƒs - n-cn- p ]pkvx-i-߃ GsX- mamwv? s{]m -à p k`-iƒ (\- ho-irx k`-iƒ) blq-z- m-cpss hnip {KŸ-Øn ImWp 39 ]pkvx-i-ß-sf-bmwp ]g-b- \n-b-a-ambn AwKo-I-cn- n- p- -Xv. F m tdma ImØm-en- -k- `- s{s nse kp -l-tzm-kn\p (F.Un.1546) tijw, txm_n-øv, PpUn-Øv, item-tams hn- m-\w, kndm- ns ]p{x-\mb tb-ip-hns hn m\w, _mcp v 1,2, a m-_n-b, Ftÿdn-s -bpw Zm\n-tb-en-s bpw ]cnin-jvsw F o ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Im-t\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-ß-fmbn Aw-Ko-I-cn- p. F m Ncn-{X- ]-c-ambpw A[n-Im-c-]-c-hp-am-bp- ]T-\w. A-s m-{in^m ]pkvx-i-߃ hnip Xncp-sh-gp- Øn-t\m-Sp Dƒs -Sp-Øp-hm ]m- Sn- m-ø-xm-sw p sxfn-bn- n- p- -Xm-Wv. As m-{in^m ]p-kvx- I-ß-sf ]q Æ-ambpw X n- f-bp-i-b Chn-SpsØ DZy-iyw. Ah sszh-\n-iz-k-\o-b-am-b {K- Ÿ-ß-f F bmym- - yw sh-fn-s -Sp-ØpI am{x-am-wv snøp- -Xv. aemjn {]h-n-\-øn-\pw aøm-bn kphn-ti-j-øn- pw CS-bn \S Ncn{Xkw`-h-߃ ]e A-s m-{in^m ]p-kvx-ißfpw tc-j-s -Sp-Øp- p- v. Cu ]p-kvx-i-߃ Fgp-Xn-bXv _n.- kn. 400 \pw _n.kn. 1 \pw C-Sbv p- \ni-_vz-h j-ß-fn-em- Wv. F o-kn-bm-ãn- -kpw _mcp- pw HgnsI _m n-bp- {KŸß-sf mw A m-x \ma-i-ßfmb {KŸ-ß-f-s{X. F p-sim- v A-s m-{in-^ Aw-Ko-I-cn- p- n "As m-{in^' F ]Zw ad- p-sh- pi F A -ap "As m-{in]vt m' F hm n \n p-amwv IS- p-h- n- p- -Xv. ae-bm-f-øn Ch Kp]vX-{K-Ÿßƒ F -dn-b-s -Sp- p.- 14 F{km : tbmin-bm-hns `c- W-Im-e-Øp- mb blq-z-bpss ]cm-p-bhpw hogvnbpw sbcp-ite-an\p t\cn \mihpw _m_ntem-wnb ASn-a-Xzhpw ASn-a-Xz- Øn \n p {]hm-kn-i-fpss as-ßn-h-chpw F{km-bpsS {]h - Ø-\-hp-amWv CXnse {][m\ {]Xn-]mZy hnj-b-߃. F{km II: {]Imi kmln-xy- Øn Dƒs -Sp-Øm-hp, Cu ]pkvx-i-øn hnh-cn- n-cn- p- Xv _m_n-temwy {]hm-k- Øn-en-cp v F{kmbv p e`n Ggp Z i-\-ß-fm-wv. i H mw Z i\w BZy-]m- ]hpw Xn F {]iv\hpw ii (3:1 5:20) c mw Z i\w : Poh-t\m-Sncn- p hcp-ssbpw acn- -h-cpssbpw `mhn (5:21 6:34) iii aq mw Z i\w ain-lm-bpw A y-\ymbhn[nbpw (6:35-9:25) iv \memw Z i\w hne]n- p kv{xo (9:26-10:5) v A mw Z i\w IS-en \n pw Igp-I (11,12 A) vi Bdmw Z i\w B{I-a-W- Im-cn-bmb ainlm (13- mw A ym-bw) vii Ggmw Z i\w apƒ -S - n \ns mcp i_vzw (14- mw A ym-bw) a m-_n-b : a m-_y-bp- ß-fp-ambn _ -s Ncn{X ]pkvx-i-am-wn-xv. blqzm Pm-XnbpsS Ncn{Xw cnn- p- -Xn\p tpmkn-^-kn\pw {]kvxpx {KŸw klm-b-i-c-am-bn-cp- p. a m-_n-b : H mw a m- _n-b-cn \n pw XnI pw hy- Xy-kvXX ]pe Øp Cu ]pkvxiw AXn-i-tbm- n-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-sf-s m p \nd- - Xpw Ncn-{X-aqeyw Ipd- -Xp-amb H m-wv. 2. As m-{in^m ]g-b-\n-ba Imt\m-\n Dƒs -Sp-Øm-Ø- Xns Imc-W-߃ ]e As m-{in^m ]pkvx-iß-fp-ssbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-sc- - ntbm cnn- -s Ime-sØ- pdnt m Fgp-Xnb aqe-`m-jsb kw_- nt m H pw hy - ambn tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- n-. a. F{_mb Imt\m-\n As m-{in^m Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn- n Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-tfmSv H pw tn p-hm ]msn F v blq- Z- m-tcmsp sszh-øns I- ev]\ hfsc hy -am-wv. ""Rm- \nß-tfmsp Iev]n- p hn- \-tømsp Iq p-itbm AXn \n p Ipd- p-itbm snø-cpxv'' (B-h Ø\w 4:2) ""Ahs hn- \-ß-tfmSp \o H pw Iq -cpxv; Ah \ns hnkvx-cn- n p \o I -\m-ip-h CS-h-c-cp-Xv.'' (k- Zr-iy-hm-Iy-߃ 30:6) tijw t]-pv 8

- 2018 5 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com Ih -tãm-dn ss_-_nƒ: ssz-h-øn-s ]p-kvx-iw HtŒm_ 05 ]pxnb\nba Imt\m ss{ikv-x-h hn-izm-k-øns aq-em-[m-cw ]p-xn-b \n-b-a {K- Ÿ-ß-fm-Wv. B {K-Ÿ-ß-fn B-hn-jv- -cn- n-cn- p- -Xv ssz-h \n-iz-kv-x-am-b k-xy-ß-fm-sw- pw F- m ss{i-kv-x-h k-`-ifpw hn-iz-k-kn- p- p. B-Zn-a \q- m- p-i-fn kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-ssbpw te-j-\-ß-fp-ss-bpw aq-e-ir- Xn-Iƒ A-h e-`n- ÿm-\-ßfn H-c-aq-ey \n-t -]-am-bn I- cp-xn-t m- n-cp- p. Nn-e-t mƒ A-h am-dn-am-dn hm-bn- p- -Xn-\p hn-hn-[ k-`-i-fn F-Øn- p-sim- Sp- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. (simsem-ky 4:16) Xp-S - p Iq-Sp- X tim- n-iƒ F-gp-Xn D- m- p-i-bpw {]-N-c-W-Øn-\m-bn ]- e ÿ-e-ß-fn A-b- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. F- m ]p-xn-b-\n-ba F-gp-Øp-I-tfm-sSm- w th-sdbpw ]-e Ir-Xn-Iƒ {]-Nm-c-Øn h- p. B-Zn-a \q- m- n X-s {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\ ti-{μ-am- n [mcm-fw c-n-\-iƒ D- m-bn-cp- p. Cu c-n-\-i-fn \n-s - mw hy- Xy-kv-X-am-bn ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a {K- Ÿ-ß-sf ss{i-kv-x-h hn-izm-k- Øn-\m-[m-c-am-b ssz-h-\n-iz-kv-x {K-Ÿ-ß-fm-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn- p- - Xv G-I-tZ-iw 4 mw \q- m-t m-sp Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. _ - -_m-kn-s te- J-\-߃, C-t -jy-kn-s te-j- \-߃ (F-Un98-11). t]m-fn-im - n-s ^n-en- y - p- te-j-\- ߃ A-s m-kv-x-e- m-cp-ss ]T- \-߃ (Didache) sl am-kns CS-b (The Shephered of Hermans) ap-x-em-b h-f-sc-b-[n- Iw {K-Ÿ-߃ tb-ip-hn-s Pohn-X-sØ-bpw ]T-\-ß-sf-bpw ti- {μo-i-cn- p H- pw c- pw \q- m- p-i-fn c-nn- -s - n- p- v. C- h-sb- mw B-Zn-a-{In-kv-Xym-\n- Iƒ A-h-cp-sS Po-hn-X-sØ {Iao-I-cn- p- -Xn-\p- B-[m-c-{K- Ÿ-ß-fm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- p t]m- p. c- mw \q- m- m-b-t m-tg- pw tb-ip-{in-kv-xp-hn-s hy- n-xz-sø-bpw D-]-tZ-i-ß-sfbpw kw-_- n- p- Iq-Sp-X hym-jym-\-ß-fpw hn-i-zo-i-c-wß-fpw F-gp-X-s - n-cp- p. am-{xa- Cu Im-e-L- -Øn am - jy F- Zp-cp-]-tZ-jv-Sm-hp G- jym ssa-\-dn \n- pw tdm-ante- p h- v sx- m-b D-]-tZ-i߃ ]Tn- n- p Xp-S-ßn. ]-g-b- \n-b-a ssz-hw Xn- {]-h -Øn- p- -h-\pw bp- -{]n-b-\pw A-`n- {]m-b ÿn-c-x C- m-ø-h-\pw B-sW- v am -jy ]Tn- n- p. ""tb-ip h- -Xv Cu tem-i-øns A-[n-Im-cn-bm-b, Cu tem- Iw \n -Ωn- ]-g-b-\n-b-a ssz-h- Øn-s A-\o-Xn-I-s-f-bpw {Iq-c- X-I-sf-bpw C- m-xm- m-\m-wv. tb-ip ]n-xm-hn \n- m-wp h- -Xv. B ]n-xm-hv ]-g-b-\n-b-a ssz-h-øn-\pw D-]-cn-ÿn-X-\m- Wv.'' ss{i-kv-x-h th-z-]p-kv-x-iw ap-gp-h am -jy kzo-i-cn- msx A-t±-lw X-s ]p-xn-b \nb-a {K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sS H-cp Im-t\m X-øm-dm- n. ]-e {K-Ÿ-ß-sf-bpw hn- p-i-f- p sim- m-wv C- bmƒ Im-t\m Xn- -s -Sp-Øn-b- Xv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-hp-am-bn _- -ambp- -h-sbm-s am- n eq-t mkn-s kp-hn-ti-j-hpw ]u-temkn-s te-j-\-ß-fpw am-{xw Dƒs m- p- -Xm-bn-cp- p C-t±-l- Øn-s Im-t\m. A-h-bn X- s -bpw ]-g-b-\n-b-a ]-cm-a -i߃ am- n- -f- p. ]-g-b-\n-b-a ssz-hw tb-ip-{inkv-xp-hn-s ]n-xm-hm-sw- v B- i-bw h-cp- F- m hm-n-i-ßfpw X-s ss_-_n-fn \n- pw \o- n. tb-ip-hn-s kp-hn-ti-j- Øn b-lq-z- m Ip-Øn-Øn-cp- Ø-ep-Iƒ \-S-Øn-sb- p am - jy I-cp-Xn. A-Xp i-cn-bm- m- \-s{x ]u-tem-kv hn-fn- -s - - Xpw. F- m ]u-sem-kn-s i- F{_mb tej-\w AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v ]Sn- m-d k`- mcpw shfn- msv ]pkvxiw AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v Ing- k`- mcpw hfsc Xma-kn- p. Ing pw ]Sn- mdpw k`-i-fn s]mxp-te-j-\-ß-fn NneXp Imt\m-\n-Iambn kzoi-cn- p- - Xn\v hf-sc- mew th n-h- p. ]pxnb\nba ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss ] ni Dƒs m- p G hpw {]mno-\-amb tcjm-i-ieamwv adm-t m-dn-b tcjm ii-ew. Cu tcjbpss Bcw-`-hpw, Ahkm-\hpw \jvs-s - n-cn- p- p. samøw 85 hcn-i-fp- v. a s mkv kphn-ti-jsø ]cm-a in- p-sim- p Hcp hmn-i-øns a y-øn-emwv XpS- w. Cu kw-k-xn-iƒ H-cp i-cn-bm-b Im-t\m cq-]-h-ev- -c-w-øn-\v k-xy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ- v t{]-c-w \-ev-in. am -jy-s Im-t\m-s\-Xn-sc hn-ip- -th-z-]p-kv-x-i Im-t\m ' F- m-sw- p \n -Δ-Nn- F-gp- Øp-Im-c-\m-Wv sf-td-\n-b-kv (Iraneus). At±-l-Øns ]pxnb\nba Imt\m-\n \mep kphn-ti-j-߃, As m-kvxe {]- hr-øn-iƒ, tdma, H pw c pw simcn- y, Kem-Xy, Fs^ky, ^nen- n-b, simsem- y-, H pw c pw sx -tem-\n-iy-, H pw c pw Xnsam-sY-tbmkv, XotØm-kv, H v ]s{xm-kv, tbml- m, shfn- msv F nh Dƒs -Sp- p. bqtk-_n-bkv (Eusebious) F {InkvXob Ncn-{X-Im-cs tcjif-\p-k-cn v kphn-ti-j-߃, {]hr-øn-i-fpss ]pkvx-iw, ]utem-kns ]Xn-aq p tej- \-߃, ]s{xm-kns 1- mw te- J\w, tbml- ms H mw te- J-\w F o ]pkvx-i-߃ B- fl-\n-iz-kvxhpw X n-\n-anøw c mw \q m- ns a y-øn kzoi-cn- -s -Sp- -Xp-ambn a\- n-em- mw. PÃn am n-b, tsjy, sx Øp- y, Ae-Ivkm- { n-bm-bnse s a v, Hdn-P apx-emb k`m-]n-xm- - mcpw CXns\ Dd- n- p- p. ]pxnb \nba ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss ] ni Dƒs m- p G - hpw {]mno-\-amb tcjm-i-ie- -am- Wv adm-t m-dn-b tcjm ii-ew. Cu tcj-bpss Bcw-`-hpw, Ahkm-\hpw \jvs-s - n-cn- p- p. samøw 85 hcn-i-fp- v. a -s mkv kphn-ti-jsø ]cm-a in- psim- p Hcp hmn-i-øns a y-øn-emwv XpS- w. ]pxnb \n-ba ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss t]cp-iƒ, Ah-bpsS As m-kvx-en-tim- -hw, I Ør-Xzw, bmym- yw F n-h-sb- n Cu tcj N snøp- p. kphn-ti-j-߃ p tijw As m-kvxe {]hr-øn- Iƒ, ]usem-kns 13 tej-\-߃, H pw c pw tbml- m-s - bpw, bqz-bp-ssbpw tej-\-߃, tbml- m-s -bpw, ]s{xm-kn-s - bpw, shfn- msv IrXn-Iƒ F nh-sb- p-dn p ]d-bp- p. F{_mb -te-j-\w, bmt m-_n-s tej- \w, ]s{xm-kns te-j-\w F- n-hsb kw_- n p Cu tcjbn bmsxm pw Im-Wp- n-. hn m-\-{k-ÿsø ] n-i-bn Dƒs -SpØnbn p- v. "sl Ωmkns CS-b ' ] n-i-fn hmbn- p-hm sim m-hp {KŸam-sW- pw, F- m- Imt\m-\n- I-a-s pw Dd- n p ]d-bp- p. H- Sp-hn-embn XyPn-t {KŸ-ßsf- p-dn pw {]kvxm-hn- p- p. {Xp- ƒ A-t±-l-Øn-s te-j- \-ß-sf h-f-s m-sn- p. eq-t m-kns kp-hn-ti-jw t]m-epw ]q - Æ-am-bpw am -j Aw-Ko-I-cn- n-. tb-ip-hn-s P-\-\-hr-Øm- ߃, tbm-l- m kv-\m-]-i-s ip-{iq-j, tb-ip-hn-s kv-\m-\w, hw-im-h-en, ]-co- C-h a-\-]q - Δ-sam-gn-hm- n. am -jy-s kp-hnti-jw B-cw-`n- p- -Xv ""Xns_ -øm-kv'' ko-sk-dn-s hm-gv- N-bp-sS 15- mw B- n s]m- ntbm-kv ]o-em-søm-kn-s Im-e- Øp tb-ip K-eo-e-bn-se H-cp ]- -W-am-b I-^- - -lq-an h- p kn-\-tkm-kn ]Tn- n- p.'' F- nß-s\-bm-wv. ]u-sem-kn-s te- J-\-ß-fn C-S-b-te-J-\-ß-fpw F-{_m-b-te-J-\-hpw D-t]- n- p. K-em-Xy-te-J-\w B-Zyw tn - Øp. F-s^-ky-te-J-\-Øn-\v e- shm-zn-iym te-j-\-sa- v t]-cn- p. ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-sø, kp-hn-ti-jw, A-s m-kv-x-e F- p c- m-bn X-cw Xn-cn- p. Xm-s\-gp-Xn-b ""B- -dn-sø-k-kpw'' Iq-Sn-tN -Øp. tijw t]-pv 10 ]pxnb\nba Imt\m\pw Iu kn-ep-ifpw BZysØ \mep \q m- p-i-fn 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw ]m mxy k`-i-tfm, ]uckvxy k`-itfm Hcp-t]mse kzoicn- n-cp- n F p \mw I p Ign- p. As m-kvx-eni {KŸßƒ F \ma-øn \nc-h[n {KŸ-߃ A m-e-øp- mbn-cp- -Xp-sIm v icn-bmb {KŸ-߃ Xs bpw kzoi-cn- p- -Xn\v Ime-Xm-akw t\cn- p. ]pxnb \nba Imt\m Xn -s - Sp-Øm BZy Iu kn IqSn-bXp Xs 4 mw \q m- n-em- Wv. ]s At m-tg pw an ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp- I-fmbn k`-bn kzoi-cn- p-i-gn- n-cp- p. Imt\ms\ kw_- n- p BZy Iu kn 363- IqSnb ethm-zn ym Iu kn-em-wv. Imt\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-߃ am{xta Bcm-[- \-bn hmbn- mhp F {]tabw Cu Iu kn-en h v ÿnco-i-cn- p. 397- ImtØ-Pn sh pw. 419- lnt m-bn h pw AK-Ãns A y- -X-bn IqSnb Iu kn-ep-i-fn 27 {KŸ-߃ am{x-amwv ]pxnb \nba Imt\m-\n Dƒs - ncp- Xv F kxysø ]n Xm-ßp-I-bmWv D m-b-xv. Iu kn-ep-i-fn Imt\m-\n-I-XzsØ Ipdn- p A`n-{]mbw am{x-am-wv \S- n-cp- -Xv. tum. F^v. F^v. {_qkv k`m Iu knep-i-sf- n C{]-Imcw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. ""Hcp Iu kn-en-s bpw A[n-Im-c-]q Δ-amb hnfw-_-c-øm-e Imt\m {KŸ-߃ C{X-sb v Xocp-am-\n- -s - -Xv,. 397- Im tø-pnse kns\uv Imt\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-߃ 27 F v Xn -s -Sp-Øn-b-t mƒ B ]pkvx-i-߃ v AXp-hsc C m- Xn-cp Hc-[n-Im-chpw D m-bn-. Ah Imt\m-\n-I-ambn AwKo- I-cn- -s - n-cp- -Xns\ ÿnco-i-cn am{xsa snbvxn- p- q. 4 mw \q m- nse k`m-]n-xm-hmb AØ-t\-jykv Fgp-Xnb Fgp-Øp-I-fn ]pxnb \nba Imt\m-\nI {KŸßƒ 27 FÆamWv F v ka n ncn- p p. ]m mxy ]uckvxy k`-ifn ]pxnb \nba Imt\ms hyh-ÿm-]-\-hpw, AwKo-I-c- Whpw F.-Un. 4 mw \q m- n-ep-ap- m-bn. ]uc-kvxy-cpss CSbn 27 ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss Imt\ms \n Æn-Xhpw A n-a-ahp-amb hm p \mw ImWp- Xv F.- -.Un. 367 AØ-t\-jykv Fgp-Xnb 39- mw s]klm tej-\-øn-em-wv. ] na k`-bn Im tøpv Iu kn-en-emwv (A.D. 347) ]pxnb \nba Imt\m\v A n-a-amb AwKo-Imcw \evin-b-xv. CtX-Im-eØv At\Iw eøo Fgp-Øp-Imcpw CtX ]pxnb \nab Imt\ms\- p-dn v Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn \mw ImWp- p. kvs]bn-\nse {]nkn nb, Kmfn, AIzn-en-bm-bnse dq^n-\-kv, DØc B{^n- -bnse AK-Ãn, tdmanse _nj- mb C -sk v H m-a XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv Ah-cn Nne. GXm v Ime-b-fhn eshm-zn- y-im p tej\w F t]cn (simsem 4:16 s\ A\p-I-cn- v) Hcmƒ Hcp tej\w Fgp-Xn-bp- m- n. 4 mw \q m- ns A y-tømsp IqSn ]uc-kvxy-k-`-i-fnepw, ]m mxy k`-i-fnepw CXv {]Nm-c-Øn FØn-bn-cp- p. 787- se c mw \njy Iu kn CXp Imt\m-\n-I-a F p P\-߃ p ap -dn-bn p \evin. 15- mw \q m- n t mepw P Ω ]pxnb \nb-a-øn CXv ImWm-am-bn-cp- p. 16- mw \q m- n CXv Xntcm-`-hn- p. shfn- msv ]pkvxiw C m-bn-cp- p. 63- se ssmfn-tum-hnse ktω-f\w shfn- msp ]pkvxiw kzoicn- m-ø-hsc aps- n-s m- p Hcp hnfw-_cw {]Jym-]n- p. 5 mw \m m- n\v tijw 16- mw \q m- p-hsc Imt\m kw_- n- p. CXn IqSp-X-em-sbm pw kw`-hn- n-. 1441- bppn \mem-a ]m m AK-Ãn-t\m-kns Imt\m H p-iqsn ÿnco- I-cn- p. 16- mw \q m- n Imt\m kw_- n- p. Nne A`n-{]mb hyxym-k-߃ D m-bn. ]c-am-[n-imcw k`-bv m-sw v tdma ItØm-en- -cpw. A m thz-]p-kvx-i-øn-\m-sw v \ho-i-cw t\xm- fpw hmzn- p-hm XpS-ßn. CXv Imt\ms\ kv] in p Nne {]iv\-߃ v hgn sxfn-bn- p. Cdm-kvakv ]fin-x {]kn- -s -Sp-Ønb ]pxnb \nb-a-øn F{_m-bte-J\w ]utem-kn-t -X-s pw bmt m_v Fgp-Xnb tej- \-Øns Imt\m-\n-IXzw kwi-bn-t - -Xm-sW pw ]d- n- p- v. am n eqy-dns Imt\m-\n bmt m-_v, bqzm, shfn- msv F o ]pkvx-i-߃ v ÿm\-an- m-bn-cp- p. bmt m- _ns tej\w Hcp ""ssht m (hay) tej\w'' BsW- mbn-cp p eqy-dns A`n-{]m-bw. shfn- msv ]pkvxiw As mkvx-en-i-tam, {]h-n-\n-isam Bbn Ct±lw KWn- n-. as mcp \ho-i-cw {]ap-j-\mb kznwkvfn (1484-1531) 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw sszh-\n-iz-kvx-ambn kzoi-cn- p. \ho-i-cw ImesØ G hpw henb thz-im-kv{x- -\mb tpm Im hn (John Calvin) tbml- ms 2,3 tej-\-߃, shfn- msv ]pkvxiw Ch-sb- p-dn v H pw ]d-bp- n-. t{kjn-bkv F ]fin-x 2 ]s{xm-kv, 2,3 tbml- m bqzm C{Xbpw AwKo-I-cn- n-. F nepw shfn- m-sv, tbml- m\m hnc-nn-x-ambn AwKo-I-cn- n-cp- p. tdma ItØm-en- -cpss s{s v Iu kn (1546) ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Imt\m-\n-I-ambn {]Jym-]n- p. F m AtXm-sSm w As m-{in^m ]pkvx-i߃ ]g-b-\n-ba Imt\m-t\mSv tn p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. A pap-x C p-h-scbpw Cu hnj-b-øn hyxn-bm\w kw`-hn- n- n-. CXp-h-sc-bp ]T-\-Øn Imt\ms hf -bn 3 Imcy߃ \mw {i n- p-i-gn- p. a H -sbm hmiy-߃ D -cn BZysØ Fgp-Øp-Im sszh-h-n-\-ambn Ahsb D -cn- p.

6 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com Ih -tãm-dn hnizm-k-øns t\ hgn HtŒm_ 05

7 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com hm -ØIƒ HtŒm_ 05 H -em-t m: ]-Xn-t\m-gm-a-Xv t\m -Øv A-ta-cn- sf.]n.- kn Ip-Spw-_ kw-k-aw 2019 Pqsse 25 28 h-sc ^v-tem-dn-ubn-se H -em-t m ]- -W-Øn \-S- pw. tem-i hn-t\m-z k- m-cn- Iƒ G- -hpw Iq-Sp-X C- - s -Sp- -Xp-am-b hn-iz-hn-jym-xam-b Un-kv-\n thƒ-uv- -ko thƒ-uv Xow ]m - p-iƒ- v k-ao-]-ap- U-_nƒ {So ln - tlm- k-ap- -b-am-wv tim -{^ -kn-\m-bn Xn-cs -Sp-Øn-cn- p- -Xv. ^m-an-en tim -{^ -kns tz-io-b `m-c-hm-ln-i-fm-bn ]m-ã B -d-wn tdm- n (snsf.]n.kn IpSpw_kwKaw ^vtemdnubn {]f-b-s -SpXn : kn.-c.-fw. {][m\ t{]m{km-ap-iƒ Dt]- n p Xn-cp-h- : ti-c-f-øn-ep- m-b {]- f-b-s -Sp-Xn aq-ew Zp-cn-X-a-\p-`-hn- p- -h-sc k-lm-bn- p-i F- Xm -]-cy-tøm-ss kn.-c.-fw. Xm-e- p ]-cn-tim-[-\ Dƒ-s -ssbp- t{]m-{km-ap-iƒ D-t]- n p. ]-I-cw A-Xn-\p Nn-e-hm-Ip- Xp-I k-`-bp-ss Zp-cn-Xm-izm-k ^- `q m dopn-b I h j\v A\p-{K-l-k-am]vXn P-bv-tKm : sf. ]n. kn. `q- m do-pn-b aq- m-a-xv hm -jn-i I -h -j sk-]v- w-_ 13-16 h-sc `q- m A-Xn -Øn ]- -Wam-b P-bv-tKm-Wn-\p k-ao-]-ap- H-cp B-Zn-hm-kn {Km-a-am-b a-[p- _-Km-\n \-S- p. {]-Y-a cm-{xnbn dn-po-b {]-kn-u v ]m- à A-e-Iv-kv sh- n- I h -j {]m - n- v ssz-h-i-cß-fn k-a - n- p. do-pn-b sk-{i- -dn ]m-ã t_m-_n am-xyq-kv k-tω-f-\-øn- \v A- y- -X h-ln- p. ]m-ã tam -kn ]n. am-xyp ssz-h-h-n- ]n-ssh-]n-f bp-f-c do-pn-b sa-km ss_-_nƒ Izn-kv jm -P: G-gv du- p-i-fn \n-d- p \n- B-Imw- -bpw B- th-i-hpw ]n-ssh-]n-f bp-f-c do-pn-b sa-km ss_-_nƒ-izn-kv {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se A-hn-kv-a-c- Wo-b-am- n. sk-]v- w-_ 15\v jm -P h -jn- v sk -d-dn \- S- {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se-bn a- t\m-pv D-Ω (sf-]n-kn h -jn- v sk -d - jm -P) tp-xm-hn- b -am ), kn.fw. G-{_-lmw (sk-{i- -dn), tpm -k G- {_-lmw ({S-j-dm ), ^n -en h -Ko-kv (bq-øv tim -Un-t\- ), kn-ã sp- n am-xyq (te- Uo-kv tim -Un-t\- ) F- nh Xn-c-s -Sp- -s - p. F- m hym-gm-gv-n-i-fn-epw ssh-in- v 9-10 h-sc {]-txy-i {]m - -\-bv- m-bn th -Xn-cn- n- p- v. 16054725249 F- t^m \-º-dn-eq-sS 790379 F- B-Iv-k-kv tim-uv \ -In {]m - -\m sse-\n {]-thin- m-hp- -Xm-sW- v `m-c-hmln-iƒ A-dn-bn- p. www.ipcfamily conference.org n-eq-ss A -l-cm-b-h - p \ - Im sk-, do-pn-b I-Ω- n-iƒ- p ti-{μ-`m-c-hm-ln-iƒ \n -t±-iw \ -In. C-X-\p-k-cn- v Hm-W-hm-c Iymw-]p-Iƒ, Xm-e- p ]-cn-tim-[-\-iƒ Xp-S-ßn-bp- t{]m-{km-ap-iƒ sk-, do-pnb I-Ω- n-iƒ C-{]m-h-iyw d- ±p sn-bv-xn-cp- p. ]n.ssh.]n.f Xn-cp-h- sk hm -jn-i k-tω-f-\w Xn-cp-h- : ]n.ssh.]n.f Xn-cp-h- sk hm -jn-i k-tω-f-\w 23 Rm-b-dm-gv-N \-S- p. s\-_p B-Ω- q-cn-s A-[y- -X-bn I-hn-bq im-tew lm-fn h- v \-S- p. ap h -j-sø Xm-e- v ]-cn-tim-[-\ hn-p-bn-iƒ- p- k-ωm-\ hn-x-c-w-hpw, H- mw ÿm-\w t\-sn-b k-`-bv- p- t{sm-^n A-Pp A-e-Iv-kv {]-b sk k-`-bv- v \ -In. A-Pn I- p-, ]m-ã -am-cm-b, tpm-kv txm-a-kv, txm-a-kv tpm -Pv, tdmbv B -Wn F- n-h {]-kw-kn- p. Im-Øn-cp- p tbm-k-øn ]m- à _m-_p X-e-h-Sn A-[y- - ]n.ssh.]n.f Xn-cp-h- sk hm -jn-i k-tω-f-\-øn ]n.ssh.]n.f. kwÿm-\ {]-knu v A-Pp A-e-Iv-kv {]-kw-kn- p p X h-ln- p. ]m-ã a-t\m-pv dm- n ip-{iq-jn- p. ]-cn-]m-sn- p _n-_n B-a- q, Pn -k Nmt m, Pn-_n Xp-S-ßn ]n.ssh-.]n.f `m-c-hm-ln-iƒ t\-xr-xzw \ -In.. \p-f-f t{sm-^n-bpw H-cp e- w cq- ]-bpw I-c-ÿ-am- n. F-en-k-_- Øv h -Ko-kv (sf-]n-kn A- sse ), a-t\m-pv G-{_-lmw, \m- -kn a-t\m-pv (sf-]n-kn h -jn- v sk -d -jm -P), tpm si t]mƒ (sf-]n-kn A-_p-Zm-_n) F- n-h b-ym-{i-aw c- p ap-x- A- p h-sc ÿm-\-߃ t\- Sn. ]m-ã a-t\m-pv am-xyp dm- n, ]m-ã ª-k ]n._n. su -ln F- n-h Izn-kv am-kv-t -gv-kv B- bn-cp- p. aƒ- n- nƒ tnm-bv-kv, ]mv Hm, dm-]n-uv ^-b, _-, ]-kn, en-hn-mv Hm Zn F-Uv- Pv, dn-th-gv-kv Izn-kv F- o G-gp du- p-i-fm-wv D- m-bn-cp- -Xv. ]n-ssh-]n-f bp-f-c do-pn- sa-km ss_-_nƒ-izn-kv {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se hnp-bniƒ b {]-kn-u v ]m-ã ]n Fw μn-bpw ]-d- p. tpm-_n tpmim-ap-th D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-bv-x, sª- txm-wn- m-d, tdm- {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se-bn jn-_p _n kmw F- n-h t\-xr-xzw ap- w-im- n tbm-k \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ \ -In. \n-b-{ n- p. ]m-ã ssk-a {I-ao-Ir-X-am-b Xn-cp-h-N-\ Nm-t m Izn-kv am-kv-t -gv-kn-s\ ]T-\-hpw [ym-\-hpw e- y-am- n ]-cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn. ]m-ã-dp-am-cmb K -kow ]n. tpm, cm-p ns hn-hn-[ du- p-i-fn-em-bn \-S-Øn-b sa-km ss_-_nƒ Izn- G-{_-lmw, A-e-Iv-kv G-{_- A- q-dn-e-[n-iw t]-cm-wv ]-s - lmw, ssj-t\m-pv ss\-\m, imap-th Fw. txm-a-kv, Un-ep am-bpw \-S-Øn-b sa-km ss_- Sp-Ø-Xv. Nn- -tbm-spw, {I-ao-Ir-X- tpm, ssk-a Nm-t m, {_- _nƒ Izn- n-\v hn-izm-k k-aq-l- Z Ão-^ tpm-jzm F- n-h Øn \n- pw \- {]-Xn-I-c-Wam-Wv e-`n- -sx- v do-pn-b sk- k-ωm-\-zm-\w \n -h-ln- p. sp k am-ω kzm-k-x-hpw, ]m- {I- -dn jn-_p ap- w-im- n A- à im-ap-th tpm -k \- dn-bn- p. `q- m do-pn-b hm -jn-i I -h -j-\n dn-po-b {]-kn-u v ]m-ã A-e-Iv-kv sh- n- {]m - n- v D-Zv-LmS-\w sn-øp p \w ip-{iq-jn- p. Xp-S - p- cm- {Xn-I-fn ]m-ã ^n- n im-apth (\yq-tbm - v), ]m-ã hn- tpm-k-^v (sf. ]n. kn. P-\-d ssh-kv {]-kn-u v) F- n-h ssz-h-h-n-\-øn \n- v ip-{iq-jn- p. do-pn-b ssh-kv {]- kn-u v ]m-ã _n- n am-xyqkv, tpm-bn v sk-{i- -dn ]m-ã k-t m-jv tem-lm F- n-h cm-{xn-tbm-k-ß-fn A- y- -X h-ln- p. sh- n-bm-gv-n cm-hn-se \-S- ip-{iq-j-i- m-cp-ss k-tω-f-\-øn- \v ]m-ã t_m-_n am-xyq-kv t\- Xr-Xzw \-ev-in. ]m-tã-gv-kv A-e- Iv-kv sh- n-, ^n- n im-apth, tam -kn ]n. am-xyp F- n-h {]-kw-kn- p. i-\n-bm-gv-n cm-hn-se \-S- bp-h-p-\ k-tωf-\-øn-\v do-pn-b ]n. ssh. ]n. F. `m-c-hm-ln-iƒ t\-xr-xzw \- ev-in. ]m-tã-gv-kv A-e-Iv-kv sh- n-, ^n- n im-ap-th F- nh ip-{iq-jn- p. Rm-b-dm-gv-N cm-hn-se \-S- kw-bp- B-cm-[-\-bv- v ]m-ã t_m-_n am-xyq-kv t\-xr-xzw \- ev-in. ]m-tã-gv-kv hn- tpmk-^v, ^n- n im-ap-th F- nh h-n-\w ip-{iq-jn- p. ko-\nb an-\n-ã ]m-ã ]n. Fw. am- Xyq-kv, ]m-ã A-e-Iv-kv sh- n- F- n-h I -Ør-ta-i-bv- v t\-xr-xzw \-ev-in. dn-po-b-s hn-hn-[ k-`-i-fn \n- v h- ptn - 1,300 t] B-cm-[-\-bn ]-s -Sp-Øp. cm-{xn-tbm-k-ß-fn tz-i-\n-hm-kn-iƒ Dƒ-s -ss G- I-tZ-iw c- m-bn-c-tøm-fw B-fp- Iƒ kw-_- n- v A-\p-{K-lw {]m-]n- p. Cu tbm-k-߃ ap-jm- -cw \n-c-h-[n-t] c- -bp-ss A-\p-`h-Øn-te- v h-cp- -Xn-\pw kv-\m- \-P-e-Øn-te-bv- v \-S-Ø-s -Sp- -Xn-\pw C-S-bm-bn. do-pn-b Izb Km-\-ip-{iq-j-Iƒ- v t\-xr- Xzw \ -In. kn.f-kv.f-kv. km-ln-xy-hm-c-hpw ]p-kv-x-tim- -h-hpw Xn-cp-h- : ss{i-kv-x-h km-ln- Xy-k-an-Xn-bp-sS km-ln-xy-hmc-hpw ]p-kv-x-tim- -h-hpw \- hw-_ 1 ap-x 10 h-sc Xn-cph- kn.f-kv.f-kn \-S- pw. H-tŒm-_ 31\v kn.fkv.f-kv. sn-b -am s{]m-^. Fw. txm-a-kv am-xyp B-[y- w h-ln- p- k-tω-f-\- Øn txm-a-kv am Xo-tØmkv F- n-kv-tim- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w \n -h-ln- pw. ]-Øv ]p-xn-b ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fp-ss {]-Im-i-\- hpw th-zn-bn \-S- pw. an-i- {]-km-[-i-cp-ss Cu-Sp- ]pkv-x-i-߃ B-I -j-i-am-b hn-e- p-d-hn hn-ev-]-\-bv- v {I-ao-I-cn- n- p- v. cm-hn-se 9 ap- X ssh-in- v 6h-sc-bm-Wv ]pkv-x-tim- -hw. t^m : 0469 2630389

8 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com HtŒm_ 05 ss nƒ: cq-]-s - -sxßs\? 3 mw t]-pv Xp-S kv-x-iw, s]m-xp-te-j-\-߃, s]m-sem-kn-s te-j-\-߃, shfn- m-sp F- co-xn-bn-em-wp tn - Øn-cn- p- -Xv. F- m e-øo hƒ-tk- v ss_-_n-fn-se co-xn-bm- Wv a-e-bm-fw ss_-_n-fn A-hew-_n- n-cn- p- -Xv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a ]p-xn-b \n-b-a {K-Ÿ-߃ D- -S- Ø-n hy-xy-kv-x-ß-fm-sw- p txm- n-tb- m-sa- n-epw ti-{μo- Ir-X-am-b B-i-b-k-ap- -bw C-hbn-se- mw Im-Wmw. {In-kv-Xp, \m- Y-\pw c- -I-\p-am-sW- p- Imgv-N- m-sp, Cu {KŸ-ß-fp-sS-sb- mw A- -[m-c-bm-wv. Cu A- -[m-c-bp-ss {]-Im-i-\w am-{xam-wp Hm-tcm {K-Ÿ-hpw. ss n-fnse `mj-iƒ ]-g-b \n-b-aw F-{_m-b `mj-bn-epw ]p-xn-b \n-b-aw {Ko- p `m-j-bn-ep-am-wv F-gp-X-s - -sx- n-epw a- p `m-j-i-fp-ss kzm-[o- \-hpw ss_-_n-fn Zr-iy-am-Wv. 1. F-{_m-b-`m-j F-{_m-b-`m-j F-s m-cp \maw ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn-se-ßpw Im- Wp- n-s - n-epw b-lq-zm `m-j F- pw (H.-t\m. 2 cm-pm- - m 18:26,28; sb-i-øm-hp 36:11; s\-laym-hp 13:24), I-\m -`m-j F- pw (-H.-t\m. sb-i-øm-hp. 19-18) ]-gb-\n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- p. ]- s ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-øn F-{_mb `m-j F- \m-aw tc-j-s -Sp- Øn-bn- p- v. (sh-fn-]m-sp 9:11; 16:16). s^m-bv-\n-jy A- -c-ame-bn \n- pw cq-]w {]m-]n- F- {_m-b A- -c-am-e 22 A- -cß-fp- -Xpw A-d-_n A-cm-ay `mj-i-sf-t m-se h-e-øp \n- pw F-gp-Xn-Øp-S-ßp- -Xp-am-Wv. kz-c-nn- -ß-fn- m-ø Cu `mj-bn _n.-kn. 9 mw \q- m-t m- Sp Iq-Sn 4 hy-rv-p-\-߃ kz-c-ßfm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- p Xp-S-ßn-sb- nepw F.-Un. 600 \pw 800 \pw a- y h-kn- n-cp- a-t m-dn-i-fm-wv hnkv-xr-x-am-b kz-c-nn- -ß-fpw, D- m-c-w-co-xn-i-fpw hy-h-ÿm-\w sn-bv-x-xv. (C- pw A-Xp X-s Xp-S - p sim- n-cn- p- p) _m- _n-tem-wn-b A-Sn-a-Xz-Øn-\p tijw A-cm-ay `m-j H- mw ÿm-\w I-c-ÿ-am- p-i-bpw F-{_m-b `mj sh-dpw H-cp kw-ÿm-\ `m-j F- \n-e-bn X- -s -Sp-I-bpw sn-bv-xp. F- m ]n- o-sp Cu `m-j a-x-`m-j-bm-bn-øo - -s - p. A-Xm-Wv "d- n-bm-\n-iv F-{_mb' F- -dn-b-s -Sp- -Xv. 2. {Ko- p-`m-j b-lq-z- m ]-e Im-e-L- -ßfm-bn tem-i-øn-s hn-`n- `m- K-ß-fn-te- p Ip-Sn-tb-dn- m - p- I-bp- m-bn. B Im-e-L- -Øn hn-hn-[ hn- m-\-im-j-i-fn-te- v hm-xn-em-bn h -Øn- n-cp- {Ko- p `m-j-bn-te- v A-h B- I -jn-x-cm-ip-i-bpw X- q-ew {Ko- p kmw-kv- m-cn-i kzm-[o-\-xbn-em-hp-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. {In-kv-Xphn-s Im-e-Øp ]m-e-kv-xo-\n-se `-c-w-`m-j e-øo-\m-bn-cp-s - nepw {Ko- p `m-j-bv- p ]m-e-kv- Xo-\n-ep- m-bn-cp- -{X-bpw kzm- [o-\w e-øo-\p e-`n- n-cp- n-. an- -hm-dpw `m-j-i-fp-ss-bpw hn-im-k ]-cn-wm-a Z-i-I-ß-fn km-ln-xy-`m-j-bpw kw-km-c-`m-jbpw X-Ωn hn-s-hp- m-ip-i km- [m-c-w-am-wv. ]-s kw-km-c-`mj-bn km-ln-xyw c-nn- p- -Xn- \p- F-Xn - p-iƒ kw-km-c-`mj km-ln-xy-`m-j-bm-bn-øo-cptºmƒ kz-bw am-dp- p. {Ko- p `m-j-bp-ss H-cp ]-cn-wm-a-l- -Ønem-Wp ]p-xn-b\n-b-aw cq-]w sim- p- -Xv. {Ko- n-se {]-[m-\ kmln-xy-ir-xn-i-sf- mw _n.-kn. 3 mw \q- m- n-\p ap-ºp F-gp-Xs - -h-bm-wv. 3 mw \q- m- n-\p ti-jw {Ko- p kw-km-c-`m-j- km-ln-xy-`m-j-bn \n- p th - Xn-cn-bp-I-bpw hy-xy-kv-x-am-b B- i-b {]-X-e-߃ Dƒ-s m- p-ibpw sn-bv-xp. sim-bn-t\ {Ko- v (Koinegreek) F m-bn-cp p Cu ]pø `mjm-ap-jsø hnfn- pt]m- -Xv. ]pxn-b-\n-baw Fgp-Xs - Xv simbnt\ `mjm ssienbn-em-wv. ]s AXp ]q Æ- am- -bpw kwkm-c-`m-j-bm-sw p ]d-bpi km y-a-. H mw \q m- n ]m n-d-kn (Papyrus) F- gp-x-s - n-cp kmln-txy-xc tc- J-I-fn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp `mj- I- -fn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp `m-jbpw kam-\-ß-fm-sw v AtUmƒ^v UoUvams Kth-j-W-߃ sxfn-bn- n- p- v. kphn-ti-jß-ƒ km[m-cw kw`m-j-wssi-en-bn-emwv Fgp-X-s - -Xv. ]u-temkv kmln-xy-ssi-en- pw kw`m-jw ssien pw a-t ybmwv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. F{_mb tej-\hpw ]s{xm-kns 1 mw tej-\hpw kmln-xyssi-en-bn-emwv cnn- -s - -Xv. A sø {Ko p-`m-j-bmwv ]pxn-b-\n-ba cn-\-bv p-]-tbm- Kn- -sx- nepw F{_m-b-`m-jbnse ]Z-ßfpw LS-\m-co-Xnbpw ]pxnb \nba cn-\bv p]tbm- Kn- p. A ]-txmfw eøo ]Zßfpw A{X-tØmfw Acm-ay-]- Z-ßfpw {Ko ns ]pdw-n AWn v ]pxn-b-\n-ba Fgp- Øp-I-fn {]th-in- n- p- v. 3. Acm-ay-`mj ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn H-cp ÿ- e-\m-a-hpw (D-ev-]-Øn. 31:47 C-Xm- Wv ss_-_n-fn-se B-Zy A-cmay ]-Zw). {]-hm-n-i-{k-ÿ-ß-fn H-cp hm-iy-hpw (bn-sc-aym-hp 10:11) F-gp-Øp-I-fn c- p {]m-[m-\ya -ln- p- `m-k-ß-fpw (Zm-\ntb 24:7:28, F-{km. 4:8 6:18; 7:12-26) A-cm-ay-`m-j-bn-em-Wp F-gp- X-s - n-cn- p- -Xv. ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a- Øn-epw A-t\-I A-cm-ay-]-Z-߃ Zr-iy-am-Wv. tb-ip-{in-kv-xp D- ]-tbm-kn- "X-eo-Ym-Iq-an' (a - s m-kv 5:41; "F-^-Ym' (a -s mkv 7:34), "F-tem-lo F-tem-lo e-ω i- - m-\o' (a -s m-kv 15:34) F- n-h A-cm-ay ]-Z-ß-fm- Wv. ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- a- p A-cm-ay ]-Z-߃ "A- m' (a -s m-kv 14:36) "am-dm-\m-ym' (1 sim-cn- y 16:22) "am-tam ', "tkm-ev-tkm-ym', "sk- -Ym' "am - Øm', "txm-am-kv', "A- -ev-zm-am' F- n-h-b-s{x. `m-j-i-fp-ss kzm-[o-\w ap-ºp I- -Xp-t]m-se ss_- _nƒ F-gp-X-s - -Xv F-{_m-b t{k- A-cm-ay `m-j-i-fn-em-sw- n-epw a- p `m-j-i-fp-ss kzm-[o- \-hpw ss_-_n-fn {]-I-S-am-Wv. ^-d-thm tbm-tk-^n-\p \ -In-b "km-]v-\-øv ]-t\-lv' (D-ev-]-Øn 41:45) F- \m-a-hpw "tbm-tk-^n-\p ap-ºn ap- p-ip- Øp-hn ' F- -Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn- "A-_v-td- v' F- ]-Z-hpw Cu- Pn-]v-jy `m-j-bn-ep- -h-bm-wv. ]n-sn- -s - sb-cp-i-te-an-se D- Zym-K-ÿ- m A-»q cm-pm-hns Zq-X- m-tcm-sp A-cmw `m-jbn-em-wp kw-km-cn- -Xv. (2 cm-pm- - m 18:26) "t_ -Øv-i- ' (Zm-\n-tb 1:7) "X - m ' "d- _v-km-cn-kv' "d-_v im-t ' (2 cm-pm- - m 18:17) F- n-h _m- _n-tem-\y A- o-dn-b ]-Z-ßfm-Wv. F-{km. 8:36; F-tÿ 3:12 F- n-hn-s-ß-fn cm-pm-hn-s "kw-ÿm-\m-]-xn-am ' "kw-ÿm- \-Øn-se tz-im-[n-]-xn' F- n-ßs\ `m-jm- -cw sn-bv-xn-cn- p- "km-{xm-]pw' {]-[m-\-tz-im-[n-]- m, \ym-bm-[n-]- m, `-fim-c hn-nm-c-i- m, a-{ n-am (Zm-\ntb 3:2) F- n-h-sc- p-dn- p- ]-Z-ß-fpw t] -jy `m-j-bn-em- Wv F-gp-X-s - n-cn- p- -Xv. 4 mw t]-pv Xp-S b. F{_mb ]fin-x- mcpw d n-amcpw As m-{in-^msb AwKo-I-cn- n- n-. ]gb \nba ]fin-x- mcpw As m-{in^m {KŸ-߃ \ hæw Kth-jWw \SØn-sb- nepw Ah D]-tbm-Kn- n-. ^ntebpw Ah-cpsS Fgp-Øp-I-fn A-s m-{in^mbn \n pw H- pw Xs D -cn- n- n-. ]gb\nba Imt\m-\n 22 ]pkvx- I-߃ am{x-ta-bp- p-sh v tpmkn-^kv kv]jvs-ambn ]dbp- p. Imt\m-\n-I Xncp-sh-gp- Øp-I-fmb 24 ]kvx-i-߃ p ]pdsa thsd GXp {KŸhpw `h-\-øn-te p sim p-h-cp- h Ipg w sim p-h-cp- p.'' F v blqzm ]mc-º-cy-øn ]d-bp- p. A n-_md ]d-bp- Xv "_mly-{k-ÿ-߃ hmbn- p- -h p hcp-hm-\n-cn- p temi-øn ] n ' F m-wv. c. I Øm-hmb tbip-{inkvxphpw As m-kvx-e- mcpw Cu {KŸ-߃ D]-tbm-Kn- n- n-. I Øm-hmb tbip-{in-kvxp As m-{in-^m-bn \n pw Hcp hmiyw t]mepw D -cn- -Xm-bn ]pxnb \nb-a-øn bm-sxm-cp sxfn-hp-an-. As m-kvx-e-\mb ]utemkv {Ko p kmln-xy-ir- Xn-I-fn \n pw D -cn- n- p-s - nepw As m-{in^m {K-Ÿ-ßfn \n p H pw Xs FSp- Øn- n-. (H. t\m {]hr-øn-iƒ 5 mw t]-pv Xp-S b. sftd-\n-b-kv, Hdn-P ap- X-emb ]nxm- - m hmz-{]-xn- hm-z-øn-te s -ts- n-h- -h-cm- Wv. X n-\n-anøw Ah-cpsS D- -c-wn-i-fpss A[n-Im-c-kz-`mhw sxfn-bn-t - n-h- p. ]s Hcp k`-bp-ssbpw Iu kn-ent bpw Xocp-am-\-߃ Ah D -cn- p-i-bp- m-bn-. c. Iu kn-ep-iƒ Xocp-am- \w snbvxxv Ign- -Im-eØv Pohn- n-cp- -h-cpw, AXm-Xp-Im-eß-fn D m-bn-cp- -h-cp-amb ]fin-x- m-cmbncp- -hcpw k`m t\xm- -fpss A`n-{]mb shfn- -Øn-emWv Cu \ne-bn-emwv Imt\m-\n-Ihpw A m-øxpw G- Xm-sW v Xcw-Xn-cn- m km[n- -Xv. ]pcm-x\ ssisø-gpøp {]- Xn-I-fmb ssk\m- n- kv, høn- m-\kv (Vaticanus) C-h \m-emw \q- m- p ap-x-ep- -Xpw 27 ]p-kv- X-I-ß-sf-bpw Dƒ-s m- p- -Xpss_-_n-fn-s B-[n-Im-cnIX 17:28; XosØmkv 1:12, 1 simcn- y 15:33) d.bzna k`m-]n-xm- - m As m-{in-^sb Xncp-sh-gp- Ømbn AwKo-I-cn- n-cp- n sk v sptdmw Xs e-øo- ]cn-`m-j-bn As m-{in^m ]pkvx-i-߃ Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn-cps - nepw Ah AIm-t\m-\n-Isa p {]Jym-]n- p. kndn, B- Zn-bm-b-h CXns\ Xncp-sh-gp- Øm-bn AwKo-I-cn- n-cp-s - nepw F{_mb thz-]p-kvx-i-øns `mk-ambn AwKo-I-cn- n-. ante-tømkv (k- ZvZnknse _nj- v) Xøm-dm- nb Imt\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-]- n-i-bn A-s m-{in- ^ ]pkvx-i-ß-sfm pw Dƒs - n-cp- n-. eshm-zniym Iu knepw (A.D. 363) Imt\m-\nI {KŸ-ß-f- msx as mcp {K-Ÿhpw k`-bn hmbn- phm ]msn F p kv]jvs-am- n. e. \ho-icw I Øm- ƒ As m-{in-^sb Xncp-sh-gp- Ømbn AwKo-I-cn- n-. \ho-i-cwi Øm- -fmbn Adn-b-s -Sp hn n-^v, am n eqy, Im hn F n-h-cpss ap{zm-hmiyw Xs Sola Scriptura (Xncp-sh-gpØp am{xw) F m-bncp p. eodm-bnse \o-t m-fmkv As m-{in^m ]p-kvx-i-ßsf AImt\m-\nI {K-Ÿ-ß-fn-emWp Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. hn n- ^ns ss_-_n-ƒ ]cn-`m-j-bn F{_mb Xncp-sh-gpØp am{xta am-wv. 2 ]-t{xm-kv, 2,3 tbm-l- m, bq-zm, sh-fn- m-sv C-{X-bpw ]p-kv-x-i-߃ kp-dn-bm-\n ]-cn- `m-j-i-fn tn -Ø-Xv B-dmw i- X-I-Øn-em-Wv. F- p-sim-w-sm-wv 27 {K-Ÿßƒ am-{xw sx-c-s -Sp-Øv ssz-h-\n-iz-kv-x {K-Ÿ-ß-fm-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn- -Xv F- tnm-zyw \ym-b-am-bpw D-Zn-t - mw. Cu {K- Ÿ-߃ A-s m-kv-x-en-i ]m-c- º-cy-Øn -s - -h-bm-wv F- - Xm-Wv H-cp Im-c-Ww. eq-s mkpw, a -s m-kpw A-s m-kv-xe- m B-bn-cp- n-s - n t]mepw A-h ]-s{xm-kn \n- pw, ]u-sem-kn \n- pw t\-cn- v {Inkv-Xp-hn-s\- p-dn- pw {In-kv-Xp-hns a-c-w-ti-jw \-S- kw-`-hß-sf- p-dn- pw A-dn-hp t\-sn-bh-cm-bn-cp- p. X- q-ew A-h-scbpw A-s m-kv-x-en-i ]m-c-º-cy- Øn-s `m-k-am-bn Im-W-Ww F- m-wv k-`m-]n-xm- - m I-cp- tn Øn- p- q. shãv an\n-ã I s^-j- \n C{]-Imcw tcj-s -Sp-Ønbn-cn- p- p. ""s]mxpsh As m- {In^m F p hnfn- p {KŸß-ƒ sszh \nizkvxa m-bvibm Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fpsS Imt\ms `mk-a-. AXp-sIm p Ahbv p k`-bn A[n-Im-c-an-. CXc am\p-jni tcj-iƒ p- ]cn Ahsb AwKo-I-cn- p-i-tbm D]-tbm-Kn- p-itbm Acp-Xv.'' f. sszh-\n-izm-ko-b-amsw v As m-{in^ Ah-Im-is -Sp- n Hcp ]pkvxiw Imt\m-\n-IamtWm F -Xns {][m\ sxfnhp B {KŸw Bfl \nizkvx-amtwm F XmWv. ""btlmh Acp-fn-s bvxp'' ""sszhw Iev]n p'' F n-ßs\ \ymb-{]- amw ]pkvx-ß-fn am{xw Fgp- q-tdmfw {]mhiyw tcjs -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. F m CXpt]m-se-bp B -cni sxfn-hp- Iƒ As m-{in^m {KŸ-ß-fn Cs p am{x-a XßfpsS hm p-i-fm-sw p tcj-s -Sp- Øn-bn-cn- p-i-bpw snøp- p. DZm: ""AXp-sIm p Rm\pw IY ChnsS Ah-km-\n- n- mw. CXp \ mbn ]d p ^en- ns - n CXp Xs -bmwv Rm Bin- -Xv. CXp th {X \ m-bn- n-s - n F\n p CXp am{xsa Ignbq'' (2 a m- _n-b-cpss Ah-km\ `mkw) ]pxnb\nba Imt\m\pw Iu kn-ep-ifpw Xn-bn-cp- -Xv. a-s m-cp Im-c-Ww Cu {K-Ÿ-߃ an- B-Zn-a-k- `-I-fn-epw B-[n-Im-cn-I-am-bn kzo- I-cn- -s - p F- -Xm-Wv. G-Xmbm-epw Im-t\m cq-]-h-ev- -c- Ww G-sX- n-epw H-cp a-\p-jys -tbm, Iu -kn-en-s -tbm Hu-tZym-Kn-I {]-Jym-]-\-a-. hnhn-[ {K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sS tbm-ky-x-bpw sf-iy-hpw A-h-bp-sS B- -cn-i i- n-hn-ti-j-øn-s ]-cn-wn-x- ^-e-am-wv. Nn-e {K-Ÿ-߃ Aw- Ko-I-cn- -s -Sp-hm Xm-a-kw t\- cn-s - n-epw A-Xn-\m A-h-bpsS B-fl-\n-iz-kv-X-bv- v tim- w h-cn-i-tbm sn-øp- n-. Im-t\ms h-f - -bn ssz-h-]-cn-]m-e- \w hy- -am-bn Im-Wp-hm I- gn-bpw. hym-p-{k-ÿ-ß-fn \n- p ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-{k-ÿ-ß-sf th - Xn-cn- v Iq- n-t - m C-S-bm-b- Xv ssz-hn-i \-S-Øn- p X-s -bmbn-cp- p F- p \n- w-i-bw ]- dbmw.

9 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com HtŒm_ 05 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S D m-bn- p-s v a\- n-em- p-hm Ignbpw. tbip Xs Xnc-s -SpØ ]{ - p «olm- m-cn Hcp-h-\mb bqzmkv kvidn-tbm-øm-bpss "Zpcm-flmhv' k`bn DS-\ofw {]h Ø\ \nc-x-am-bn-cp- p. kv{xoi-fpambn Ahn-ln-X-th-gvN-bn- a ƒ hsc D m-bn-cp am ]m- am D m-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v k` \in- p-t]m-bn- -s{x ImcWw tbip-{inkvxp ]t{xm-km-ip ]md-ta BWv Ahsf Dd- n p \n Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. sim n cq]-x-bpss sa{xm-\m-bn-cp X p- ]nxm-hn\v hnizm-k-ønepw k- m- n-i-x-bnepw h hogvn \ΩpsS apºn- DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Imt\m \nb-a-{]- Imcw At±lw in n- -s - p, F m sim n cq]x At m-`y-ambn AXn-i- -ambn {InkvXp-hm-Ip ASn-Ø-d-bn hf p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- p. hnizm-ksøbpw [m Ωn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn v am - ]m HutZym-Kn-I-ambn ]Tn- n- p-tºmƒ am{x-ap sx m-hcw k`-bnse F m tae-[n-im-cn-i-fp-ssbpw ]Tn- n- -en D-s - v Icp-X-cp-tX. k`-bn Bcm-bmepw Xm ƒ Gs - Sp-Øn- p {hx-ß-tfmsv Ahn-iz-kvXX ]pe Øn-bm AXp k`-bpss If- -ambn Xocp-sa v am{x-a AXv k`bpss i n-sbbpw A`n-tj-I-sØbpw bn- n- pw. ss{ikvx-h-cpss CS-bn-ep hnhm-l-tam-n-\hpw th ]n-cn-b-epw, Zº-Xn- I-ƒ Znhy-AƒØm-c-bn tbip-hns km n-[y-øn H n v BPo-h-\m w ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln v Pohn- p-sim- msa- p {hx-hm-kvzm\ ewl-\-am-wv. A- Xpw k`sb _e-lo-\-am- p- p-sh v CØ-cp-W-Øn Hm -Ww. sszh-øm sxc-s -Sp- -s Zmho-Zv, kmhqƒ, tbip-hns injy-\mb bq-zmkv F n-h I Ømhv \ Inb A- `n-tjiw \jvs-s -Sp-Øn-b-h-cpsS DZm-lc-W-ß-fm-Wv. s]æmi, s]m m-i, azymi F o aq p Zpcm-i-Iƒ sshzn- 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S bp- m- pw. [m Ωn-I-X-bn A-[n-jvTn- X-amb \nb-a-amwv DØ-a-amb \nb-aw. \nb-ahpw [m an-i-xbpw c ph-gn p \oßp- Xv Btcm-Ky-I-c-a-. \nb-a-øns ]cn-c- -bn- mø [m- -an-i-xbpw [m an-i-x-bpss ASn-Ø-d-bn- mø \nb-a-ßfpw kaq-l-øn\p sx mb ktμ-i-amwv \evip- -Xv. kzx-{ ssew-kn-i-xbpw ssewkn-i-søm-gnepw am\yhpw kzoim-cy-hp-am-sw hmz-ønte p \bn- p- -XmWv sf]nkn 497 hip v d±m- n-s m- p tims-xn-hn-[n. timsxn {]Xo- n- pw-t]m-se, Cu hn[n kv{xobpss A kv Db Øp-tamsb- Xp kwi-bm-kv]-z-am-wv. bym - Øn, kv{xoifpw Ip n-ifpw IqSp-X Ac- n-x-amb Hcp kmaq-lni kml-ncy-øn-te p X n-hn-s-s -Sp-I-bmIpw D m-hp-i. k` sa{xm-t -X Isc am-{x-a A am-b-scbpw t\cmb am K-Øn \n v hyxn-n-en- n- p p F- t m- p-i. ""temiw apgp-h t\snbmepw \n-s Bflmhv \in- m F p ^ew'' F- tbip-hns hn\w A ta- \n-iƒ am-{x-a k`-bnse sshzn-icpw sshzni t{ijvt-amcpw A\p-Zn\w [ym\nt - -Xm-Wv. ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn-te v Xncn- p-t]m-hpi F høn- m Iu kn-ens B- lzm\w Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn- am{xw HXpßn \n p- -X-. ""k-`-bpss ]mc-º-cy-øn-te v Xncn- p-t\m- n-bm k`-bpss `uxn-i-im-cy-߃ ssiimcyw snbvxn-cp- Xv ]ptcm-ln-x-tcm ]ptcm-lnx t{ijvt- mtcm Bbn-cp- n-, ]ns tbm A am-b Bbn-cp p (A-. 6:1 7). k`m- [n-im-cn-iƒ k`-bpss kº-øns DS-aÿ-cm-ImsX shdpw Zmk-cm-bn-cn- -W-sa- mwv BZy am ]m- -bmb ]t{xmkv Xs ]d-bp- -Xv. ""Hm-tcm-cp-Ø\pw X\n p In nb Zm\sØ sszh-øns hnhn[ Zm\-ß-fpsS DØ-a-\mb Imcy-ÿs\ \ne-bn as - m-h pw th n D]- tbm-kn- -s.'' am ]m- -bpss HutZym-KnI \maw tkh-i-cpss tkh-i F m-sw- n k`-bnse a -[n-im-cn-itfm! k`-bnse A[n-Imcw `cn- p-hm-\n kvt\l-øneqss tkh\w A\p-jvTn- p-hm-\p- - XmWv. k`m-[n-im-cn-iƒ Bcm-bn-cn- -Wsa pw A[n-Imcw Fßs\ ssiimcyw snø-w-sa pw ssz-h-h-n\w hfsc hy - ambn ]Tn- n- p- p- v. hnpm-xo-b-cp-ss-ta Ah-cpsS cmpm- am- B[n-]Xyw ASnt ]n- p- p. Xß-fp-sS-ta A[n-Im-cap- -hsc Ah D]-Im-cn-I-fmbn IW- m- p-ibpw snøp- p. F m, \n߃ Aß-s\-bm-bn-cn- -cp-xv. \nß-fn G hpw hen-b-h G- hpw sndn-b-h-s\-t m-sebpw A[n-Im-c-ap- -h ip{iq-j-i-s\-t msebpw Bbn-cn- -Ww.'' ^m. Pbnwkv a m- ]d- p. \nb-ahpw [m Ωn-I-Xbpw c p hgn v am[y-a-߃ v ap hn[n... 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S tims-xn-bn-en-cn- p \ymbm-[n-]cpw a- \p-jy-cm-wv. am[y-a-ß-fn XpS- -bmbn ImWp- Xpw tiƒ p- Xpw hmbn- p- Xpw kzm`m-hn-i-ambn Ah-cpsS a\- knepw ap hn-[n v CS-bm- -s -Smw. ap hn-[n-tbmss tikv ssiimcyw sntø n h m, Ah-cpsS a\-kn cq]-s - p-t]mb [mc-w-iƒ \S-]-Sn-I-fn {]Xn-^-en- pw. am[y-a-kzm-[o-\-øn \n p tamn\w t\sn tims-xn-bn-en-cp A]q hw \ymbm-[n-]-cn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp p ap ]v apwss_ sslt m-s-xn-bn tkh-\-a-\pjvtn- n-cp- PÃokv tsm. At±lw Hcp ]{Xhpw hmbn- n-cp- n-. ImcWw ]{X-hm Ø-Iƒ tikns \S-]Sn ]m m-xy-cm-py-ß-fn \n p \nba-߃ AtX-]Sn C y-bn-te p ]I - Øp-tºmƒ Ahn-S-ß-fn-ep kmaq-lni kpc- m-kw-hn-[m-\-߃ ChnsSbn F- Xp ad- -cp-xv. sf]nkn 497 mw hip v ]q W-ambpw d±m- p- -Xn\p ]Icw enwkk-a-xz-øn\pw kv{xobpss A -kn\pw hncp- -amb {]kvxpx hip v DNn-X-amb coxn-bn hymjym-\nt m t`z-kxn snbvtxm enwk-k-a-xzhpw kv{xobpss A- kpw Db Øn- n-sn- p- -Xn-\m-bn-cp p tim-sxn {ian-t - -Xv. timsxn hn[n-bpss shfn- -Øn Zm- º-Xy-_- -Øns hnip- nbpw IpSpw-_- Øns `{Z-Xbpw Ip n-i-fpss kpc- n-x- Xzhpw kmaq-ly-po-hn-x-ønse [m an-i- Xbpw Dd- p-h-cp-øp- -Xn\v Bh-iy-amb \nb-a-\n amww \S-Øp- -Xn-s\- p-dn v _ -s - -h Nn n- -W-sa pw sikn- _nkn ]{X- p-dn- n Bh-iy-s - p. \n v]- -Xsb kzm[o-\n- -cp-sx v At±-l-Øn\p \n _- -ap- m-bn-cp- p. F m, temi-hp-ambn _ -an- m-sx, hmb-\-bn- msx Hcp \ymbm-[n-]\p Pohn- pi ZpjvI-c-am-sW- Xpw hnkva-cn- p- n : PÃokv si.-sn. txmakv ]d- p. A t±-iob {InkvXob ]pkvx-i-taf 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S \m-dp-ifpw taf-bpss `mk-ambn \S- pw. snb am tum. kn.-hn. hs-h-\, sk{i- dn A Ip v Ce- q, I ho-\ dh. kn.-]n. tam\mbn XpS-ßn-b-h t\- XrXzw \ Ipw. Ãmƒ _p nßv Bcw-`n- p. IqSp-X hnh-c-߃ v _ -s -SpI 947126182, 9446513555. BHUTAN TOURS (2NIGHTS) Paro-Thimphu. FROM KOCHI/INDIA(AIRPORT) Contact :8075173895. tourselijah@gmail.com hne 95/

10 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com [ym\w HtŒm_ 05 F.-sF. tpm p-ip n aigeorgekutty@gmail.com 9496597766 5 mw t]-pv Xp-S Nn-e ]p-cm-x-\ ssi-sb-gp- Øp {]-Xn-I-fn A-Im-t\m-\n-I {K-Ÿ-ß-fpw Im-W-s -Sp- -Xn-\v {]-txy-i Im-c-W-ap- v. ssi-sbgp-øp {]-Xn-bn Im-t\m-\n-I {K- Ÿ-ß-fp-sS Iq- -Øn Im-W-s - -Xp sim- v Im-t\m-\n-I-am-bn-cn- -W-sa- v I-cp-Xp- -Xn A - -an-. ko-\m-bn en-jn-x-ß-fn _ - -_m-kn-s te-j-\-hpw sl -Ωm-kn-s C-S-b-\pw D- v. A-e-Iv-km-{ n-b- en-jn-x-ßfn s -a v F.-Un. 95 t\m-s-sp- n- v sim-cn- y-k-`-bv-s -gp-xn-b te-j-\-hpw _n.-kn. H- mw \q- m- n-se b-lq-z-io -Ø-\-k- b-am-b ""i-tem-tam-s k- o -Ø- \-ß-fpw'' D- v. ssz-hn-i A-[n- Im-c-hpw, Im-t\m-\n-I-Xz-hpw C- m-ø ]-e ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fpw hniz-m-kn-i-fp-ss Po-hn-X-Øn-\v D- tø-p-\w \-ev-ip-hm-\m-bn ho- n sh- p hm-bn- p-hm A-\ph-Zn- -s - n- p- v. B-Zy \q- m- p- I-fn A-h-bp-sS I-ssø-gp-Øp {]-Xn-I-fm-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-t - nh- -Xv. H-cp I-sø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn X- s X-øm-dm- p-hm am-k-ßfpw, A-[n-Iw Nn-e-hpw th- n-h- p. X- q-ew F- m Ip-Spw-_m-K߃- pw A-h-bp-sS {]-Xn In- p-i km- y-am-bn-cp- n-. ]-I-cw ]- n-i-fn-se s]m-xp k-tω-f-\- ß-fn h- v A-h-sb hm-bn- ptiƒ- n- p-i-bm-wv sn-bv-xp h- -Xv. C- m-c-w-øm-em-wv Xn-cpsh-gp-Øp-I-fp-sS I-sø-gp-Øp {]- Xn-I-fn Im-t\m-\n-I {K-Ÿ-ßtfm-sSm- w Nn-e A-Im-t\m-\n-I {K-Ÿ-ß-fpw Dƒ-s - p-t]m-b-xv. F.-Un. 190 t\m-s-sp-øv, A-t ym- Iy-bv- -Sp-Øp- H-cp ]- n-bn ]-s{xm-kn-s kp-hn-ti-jw hmbn- p-h- p. H-Sp-hn-em-Wv A- {]m-hn-\p- -Xp-t]m-se F- \n- v Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ D- m-bn-cps - n...zq-c-øv k- -cn- v a- cp-`q-an-bn ]m - p-am-bn-cp- p, sim-sp- m- n -\n- pw s]-cp- m- n -\n- pw _- -s - v Rm- H- cp k-t -X-Øn-te- v Hm-Sn-t m- Ip-am-bn-cp- p -(k- o.55:6 8). h- en-b {]-Xn-k- n-i-fn-eq-ss I-S- p-t]m-b Zm-ho-Zv Ip-dn- h-cn-ifm-wn-h. B-]-Øp-I-fn -\n- pw i-{xp- -fn -\n- pw c- s -Sm-\p- hm-k-\-bpw ]-cn-{ia-hpw H-c-f-hn F- m- Po-h-Pme-߃- pw kz-x-kn- -am-wv. ]- n-i-sf-t m-se ]-d- p-i F- -Xv a-\p-jy-\n \q- m- p-ifm-bn Pz-en- p-\n- n-cp- tam-lam-wv. C-cp-]-Xmw-\q- m- n hnam-\-߃ I- p-]n-sn- -txm-ss A-Xv km-[n- p. am-{x-a-, a-\pjy-cm-in F- m-cw-k-øpw hn-kva-b-i-c-am-b ]p-tcm-k-xn ssi-hcn- p. ]- n-i-tf- mƒ th-k- Øn ]-d- v a- v `q-j-wv-u-ßfn-epw _-ln-cm-im-i-øpw N-{μ- \n-epw-h-sc sn- n-d-ßp- -Xpw Xn-cn-s -Øp- -Xpw km-[m-c-wkw-`-h-am-bn. A-Xp-t]m-se-Xs -, P-em-i-b-Øn-eq-sS Du-fn-bn- p-t]m-ip- a- y-ß-sf-t m-se I-S-en-s B-g-ß-fn- k- -cn- p- A- -hm-ln-\n-iƒ \n - Ωn- v A-h-sb c-l-ky-am-bn hn-\ykn- v ]-e cm-py-ß-fpw, k-ap-{z-ßsf X-ß-fp-sS Ip-Ø-I-bm- p- p. {]-Xn-Iq-e-Øn-s \-Sphn -\n- v c- -s -Sp-hm Nn-d-Ip- Iƒ- m-bn B-in- Zm-ho-Zp-X-s a-s m-cn- ]-d-bp- p: Rm b- tlm-h-sb i-c-w-am- n-bn-cn- p- p. ]- n-i-tf, \n-ß-fp-ss ] -Δ- Cc-Ifpw th - mcpw! B-]-Øp-I-fn -\n- pw i-{xp- -fn -\n- pw c- -s -Sm-\p- hm-k-\- bpw ]-cn-{i-a-hpw H-c-f-hn F- m- Po-h-Pm-e-߃- pw kz-x-kn- -am- Wv. ]- n-i-sf-t m-se ]-d- p-i F- -Xv a-\p-jy-\n \q- m- p-i-fmbn Pz-en- p-\n- n-cp- tam-l-am-wv. C-cp-]-Xmw-\q- m- n hn-am-\- ߃ I- p-]n-sn- -txm-ss A-Xv km-[n- p. am-{x-a-, a-\p-jy-cm-in F- m-cw-k-øpw hn-kv-a-b-i-c-am-b ]p-tcm-k-xn ssi-h-cn- p. X-Øn-te- v ]-d- p-t]m-ip-hn F- v \n-߃ F-t m-sv ]-d-bp- - Xv F-ß-s\? C-Xm Zp-jv-S- m lr-z-b-]-c-am - n-i-sf C-cp- -Øv F-tø- -Xn-\v hn- p-ip-e- v A-kv- {Xw Rm-Wn-t sxm-sp- p- p (k- o.11:1 2). kp-c- n-x-ÿm-\- sa- v A-h I-cp-Xn-b ] -Δ-X-ßfn th- - m H-fn- n-cn- p- p- v F- m-wv Zm-ho-Zv Nq- n- m- p- -Xv. C- -sø k-aq-l-øn kz- -sa- v I-cp-Xn-b kp-c- n-x- ] -Δ-X-ß-fn ]n- n- o- -s -Sp- C-c-I-fp-sS \n-e-hn-fn s]m-xpa-\- m- n-sb sr- n- p- p. -Nnd-Iv D- -Xn-\m am-{xw H-cp ]- t ym- y-bn-se _n-j- v A-Xv H- cp ]m-j-fi Ir-Xn-bm-sW- p I- p-]n-sn- v X-S- -Xv. B k-`-bnse hm-b-\- m-cpw, tiƒ-hn- mcpw Cu {K-Ÿw ]-s{xm-kv A- s m-kv-x-e-s F-gp-Øm-bn-cp- psh- v B-flm - -am-bn hn-iz-kn- n-cp- p. 1. k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss km y-߃ k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss Fgp- Øp-I-fn ]pxnb\nba hmiy߃ D -cn- n-cn- p- -Xn \n v Hmtcmtcm ka-b-øp Imt\ms hf Fß-s\-bmbn-cp p F v \ap v {Kln- m- \m-ipw. ]pxnb \nbaw Xncp-shgp-Ømbn D -cn- n-cn- p B- ZysØ k`m-]n-xmhv _ -_mkm-sw v tum. F lmcn_v ]d-bp- p. k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss km ysø Xmsg hcpw {]Imcw kwt -]n- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. a. c mw ixiw i. tdmanse s a v (Clement of Rome): F{_mb, 1 simcn- y, tdma, aømbn, BZn-bmb {KŸ-ß-fn H v D -cn- p- p. ii. At ym- y-bnse Ct - jykv (Ignatious of Antioch) aømbn-bpss kphn-tijhpw ]usem-kns tej- \-ß-fpw. iii t]mfn- m v (Polycarp): aøm-bn-bpss kphn-ti-jw, ]usem-kns tej-\-߃, 1 ]s{xm-kv, 1 tbml- m. iv sl Ωm-kns CS-b (Shepherd of Hermmas) : bmt m-_ns tej\w v _ -_mkv (Barnabas): aøm-bn-bpss kphn-tijw viii PÃn am n-b (Justing n- kp-c- n-x-bm-bn-cn- -W-sa- n-. ]-Xn-bn-cp- v A-sº-øp- th- - m-cp- v. B-Im-i-Øn-eq-sS ]-d- p- {]m-hn-s\ h-f-sc D-b-c- Øn ]-d- p- I-gp-I t\m- an-sp- -Xpw ]m- p-h- v A-Xns -ta Iq -Ø \-J-߃ B-gv- Øn dm- p- -Xp-am-b Zr-iy-߃ B-\n-a πm-\- v t]m-e-sø Nm- \-ep-i-fn kw-t{]-j-ww sn-ømdp- v. D-b-c-ß-fn-ep- th- - mcpw, Xm-sg ]-Xn-bn-cn- p- th- - m-cpw ]- n-i-fp-ss kp-c- n-x- ]pxnb\nba Imt\m Martyr): \mep kphn-ti-j߃, As m-kvxe {]hr- Øn-Iƒ, ]usem-kns an tej-\-ß-fpw. vii sftd-\n-bkv (Iranious) : \mep kphn-ti-j-߃, A- s m. {]hr-øn-bpss ]pkvx- Iw, ]usem-kns tej-\- ߃, s]m-xp-te-j-\-ß-fn an -Xpw, shfn- msv ]pkvx- Iw, ^nte-tam-, tbml- ms aq mw tej-\w Chsbm-gn-sI-bp F m ]p-xnb\nb-a-{k-ÿ-ßfpw Ct±-l- Øn\v ]cn-nn-x-am-bn-cp- p. b. aq mw ixiw i sx Øp- y (Tertullian) ^nte-tam, bmt m-_v, tbml- ms c pw aq pw tej-\-߃ Ch-sbm-gnsI as m ]pkvx-i-ß-fn ii \n pw D -cn- p- p. Hdn-P (Origen) aq mw ix-i-ønse G - hpw henb hnzzm Bbn-cp- p Hdn-P. Ct±-l-Øn-s ]pxnb \nba ] ni Xm-sg hcpw {]Im-c-am-bn-cp p. \mep kphn-i-j-߃. A-s mkvxe {]hr-øn-iƒ, ]usem-kns ]Xn-aq p te- J-\-߃. 1 ]s{xm-kv, 1 tbml- m, shfn- msv C-hsb F m ss{ikvx-hcpw Aw- Ko-I-cn- p p F p ]-d- tijw At±lw Xp-Scp p. ""2 ]s{xm-kv, 2 Dw 3 Dw tbml- m, bmt m-_v, bqzm, _ -_m-kns kphn-tijw, sl -Ωm-kn-s CSb, UnUm-t, F-{_m-b kphn-tijw F n-hsb Nne- kwi-bn- p- p. F.- Un. aq mw \q m- nse k`- Xz-Øn-\v `o-j-wn-bm-ip- p. ]-d- m tam-ln- a-\pjy-\v A-Xv km-[y-am-b-t mƒ t_mw-_ -hn-am-\-ß-fpw an-sskep-i-fp-sa- mw \n -Ωn- p. k-ap-{z- Øn-s A-Sn-Ø- n-eq-ss H-fn- v k- -cn- p- A- -hm-ln-\n-ifn B-W-hm-bp-[-߃ L-Sn- n- v B-{I-a-W-`o-j-Wn-bp-am-bn a- v cm-py-߃- p-k-ao-]w ]-Xp-ßn- n-s- p- p. am-\-h-cm-in-bp-ss ]ptcm-k-xn- pw \- -bv- p-am-bn a-\pjy hn-i-kn- n-s -Sp-Ø \q-x-\- km-t -Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fm-b C -s\- pw a- pw C- v \-sω kz-ÿ-x-tb- m-tf-sd A-kz-ÿ-X-I-fn-te- t{x \-bn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. A-h th- - m-c-s I-øn-se A-kv- {X-ß-ƒ-t]m-se-bm-bn A-t\-Iw \n-c-]-cm-[n-i-sf {Iq-c-am-bn B-{Ian- v ap-dn-th-ev-]n- p-i-bpw h-i-hcp-øp-i-bpw sn-øp- p. b-ym - kz-ÿ-x- e-`n- p- -Xv Nn-d-Ip- Iƒ In- p-tºm-g-, \mw ssz-hsø i-c-w-am- p-tºm-gm-wv. Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ ]-d- p- -Xn- \v am-{x-ap- -X-. ap- -Iƒ -hn-cn- v ]- n- p- p-߃ ]p-d- Øp-h-c-W-sa- n X- - - n-bpss Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ \n-c- -c-am-bn A- Xn-t hn-cn- p-]n-sn-t - -Xp- v. A-Xm-b-Xv, Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ kv-t\- l-øn-s -bpw hm- -ey-øn-s - bpw kw-c- -W-Øn-s -bpw ÿm- \w-iq-ss-bm-w.v i-{xp-km- n- yw Xn-cn- -dn-bp- A-Ω- n-fn Nn-et mƒ A-]m-b-kq-N-\ \-ev-in Ip- p-ß-sf X-s Nn-d-I-Sn-bn-te- v H-fn- n- v c- n- p- p. \o F- \n- v a-d-hn-s-am-ip- p. \o F-s I-jv-S-Øn -\n- v kq- n- pw; c- -bp-ss D- m-k-tlm-jw-sim- v \o F-s Np- n-s m- pw -F- v Zm-ho-Zv ]m-sp- p (k- o.32:7). c- mw tem-i-a-lm-bp- bpss \ne]msv bqtk-_nbkv Xs k`m-n-cn-{x-øn- kwt -]n- n- p- v. A-t±lw AwKo-IrX ]p-kvx-iß-ƒ (Homologomena) k- nkv {KŸ-߃ (Antilegomena) hymp-{k-ÿ߃ (Pseuepigraphical) F n-ßs\ th Xn-cn- p- p. AwKo-IrX ]pkvx-iß-fmbn \mep ]pkvx-i߃, As m. {]hr-øn-iƒ, ]usem-kns tej-\-߃, 1 ]s{xm-kv, 1 tbml- m, shfn- msv F nhbpw k n- KvZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fmbn F{_mb v Fgp-Xnb tej-\w, bmt m_v, bqzm, 2 ]s{xmkv, 2 Dw 3 Dw tbml- m F n-hbpw hymp-{k-ÿ-ßfmbn ]usem-kns \S-]- Sn-Iƒ, CS-b, ]s{xm-kns shfn- m-sv, _ -_mkns kphntijw, Un- tum- -t, F{_mb kphntijw F n-hbpw At±lw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. (i) \memw ixiw i ssik-cn-bm-bnse bqtk- _n-b-kv, Ct±lw Hdn-Pns Imt\m AwKo-I-cn- p. ii AØ-t\-jykv (Athanasius) ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse 27 ]pkvxißsf Dt±-in v Imt\m-\nI {KŸ-ß-sf v BZy-ambn hnfn- Xv Ct±-lam-Wv. 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Imt\m-\nIsa v Ct±lw hniz-kn- n-cp- p. iii sptdmw (Jerome) hmƒtk v (Vulgate) F -dnb-s -Sp em n thz-]pkvxiw Ct±lw ]cn-`m-js -Sp-Øn-bXmWv. C sø -Øn P -Ω ]- m-f-sø `-b- v sam-wm-t m F- sndn-b cm-py-øn-te- v ]p-cp-j- m-cpw kv-{xo-i-fpw H-cp Ip- nbpw Dƒ-s -ss 90 b-lq-z- m A-`-b-Øn-\m-bn Hm-Sn-s - p. F- m B cm-pyw A- v A- h-sc kw-c- n- m X-øm-dm- Im-sX \m-kn-i-ƒ- v ssi-amdp-i-bm-bn-cp- p. C-t mƒ, 70- -]-cw h -j-߃- p-ti-jw 2015 Hm-K-Ãv 27- -\v sam-wmt m-bp-ss A-[n-]-\m-b B - _ - v c- m-a cm-p-ip-am-c X-߃ A- v sn-bv-x-xv sim- Sn-b A-]-cm-[-am-bn-cp- p-sh- v Ip- -k-ω-xw \-S-Øn. F- m, c- mw tem-i-a-lm-bp- -Øn P -Ω-\n-tbm-sSm- w \n- _ƒ-tk-dn-b-bm-i-s, X- ß-fp-sS {]-P-I-fm-b Pq-X- msc tim -k -t{s-j Iym- ºn-te- v hn- p-sim-sp- m-sx kw-c- n- p- -Xn-\m-bn 1941- se Hm- -td-j _m -_-tdmk-bn -\n- v (d-jy-sb B-{Ian- p- -Xn-\p- tim-up-`mj) hn- p-\n- p. A-h-cp-sS B kv-t\-l- n-d-ip-iƒ B cm-pysø Pq-X- m - v c- -bm-bn. bn-{km-tb ]-d-tb- -Xv F- s - m, a-\p-jy \-tωm-sv F-Xn -Ø-t mƒ b-tlm-h \- Ωp-sS ]- -Øv C- m-bn-cp-s - n A-h \-sω Po-h-t\msS hn-gp-ßn- -f-bp-am-bn-cp- p...\-sω A-h-cp-sS ]- n-\v C-c-bm-bn sim-sp- m-bv-i-bm b-tlm-h hm-gv-ø-s -Sp-am-dm-Is. th- - m-cp-ss I-Wn-bn - \n- v ]- n-sb- -t]m-se I- Wn-s]m- n \mw h-gp-xn-t m- ncn- p- p(k- o.124). iv 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Ct±lw Imt\m-\n-I-ambn kzoi-cn- ncp- p. F{_m-b-te-J\w Imt\m-\n-I-amb ]Sn- md k`-i-fn AwKo-I-cnt - p Bhiyw Ct±lw Nq n- m-wn- p. Ing- k`-i-fn Imt\m-\n- Isa v kzoi-cn hnh-chpw FSpØp ]d-bp- p. AK-Ãn-t\mkv (Agustin) eøo ]nxm- - m-cn A{K-K-Wy-\mb Ct±lw 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Imt\m-\n-Isa v AwKo-I-cn- n-cp- p. Chsc IqSmsX thsdbpw ]nxm- - m Cu hnj-bsø kw_- n v Fgp-Xp-Ibpw ]dbp-ibpw snbvxn- p- v. k`m-t\- Xm- - mcpw ]fin-x- m-cp-am-bncp Ch ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse kie ]pkvx-i-ß-fp-ssbpw Imt\m-\n-I-Xz-Øn A`n-{]mb sfiy-ap- -h-c- m-bn-cp- p-sh- nepw Ah-cpsS ImeØp Hcp Imt\m hf {]m]n- p-sim- n-cp- p F -Xn\v Ch km- n-i-fm-wv. Nne {KŸ-ßsf X -c-ln-x-ß-fmbn AwKo-I-cn- p-ibpw a p NneXv hfsc hmz- {]-Xn-hm-Z-߃ pw A`n-{]mb hyxym-k-߃ pw tijw {Ita- W am{xw AwKo-I-cn- p-i-bmwv snbvxn- p- -Xv. F{_mb tej- \w AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v ]Sn- m-d k`- mcpw (Western Churches) shfn- msv ]pkvxiw AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v Ing- k`- mcpw (Eastern Churches) hfsc Xma-kn- p. Ing pw ]Sn- mdpw k`-i-fn s]mxp-te- J-\-ß-fn NneXp Imt\m-\n-Iambn kzoi-cn- p- -Xn\v hf-sc- mew th n-h- p.

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