D -S w. FUn-t m-dn-b t_m Uv s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv si.-hn. Cuk-t mb si.hn. l timb ]n.-fw. _jo AlvaZv sf.si. AlvaZv Ip n

2009 sabv ln.i 1388 lnpvdøv 1430 P: D A P: D BJn ]pkvxiw 81 e w 5 hcn-kwjy 150 I. H {]Xn 15 I. ÿm]nxw 1925 ap m \q m v ]n n ae-bm-f-ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn- o-i-cww D -S w 4 5 6 11 10 15 19 23 bpk-i_vzw 25 apj- p-dn v tej\w 28 Bflmhpw I_-dp-am-bp _ w lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) 30 Jnem-^Øv Ckveman ^cozv AlvaZv bp.-si. 33 {InkvXob sh p-hn-fn-iƒ v apºn apkvenwiƒ ASn-b-dhv ]d-tb- -Xpt m? A_p dnkvhm 38 Jnem-^Øv sszh-øns A\p-{K-l-t{km-Xv alvaqzv I pfw 40 Da C_v\p A_vZn Akokv A_v-Zp-d-ln-am, simsn-b-øq 42 {InkvXy anj-\-dn-am-cpss B{I-a-Whpw hmkvz-ø-a-ko-lns {]Xn-tcm-[hpw (Xp-S ) heozv AlvaZv tbip-{inkvxp Iivao-cnse _p -hn-lm-c-øn G.-Iyp. alvzn sim n-bn \ns mcp kphn-tijw tp _v si. ^nen v DYvam-\nbm Jnem-^Øv G.-Fw. apl-ωzv kenw Cukm-\_n: At±-l-an-t mƒ Pohn- n-cn- pt m? Ctßm v Xn--cn- p-h-cptam? Xn-cn- p-h-cptam? Jeo-^-Øp akolv apl-ωzv -\-_n(-k) ]q -th-z-ß-fn G.-Iyp. alvzn Ipdn- p-iƒ alm-am-cn-iƒ v apºn a\p-jys ap v hnd- p p hm Ø-Iƒ apj-nn{xw : Ckv^-lm-\nse jm akvpn-zns an\mcw No^v FUn- : apl-ωzv Aøq_v Mob : 9895308227 FUn- : G. Fw. apl-ωzv kenw Mob : 9895263384 amt\-p : AlvaZv l Mob : 9446482108 Akn. amt\-p si.-fw. AlvaZv timb k p-te-j amt\-p Fkv. apl-ωzv kenw FUn-t m-dn-b t_m Uv s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv si.-hn. Cuk-t mb si.hn. l timb ]n.-fw. _jo AlvaZv sf.si. AlvaZv Ip n hnemkw kxy-zq-x, Pn. F v. tdmuv, timgn-t m-sv. ^mivkv : 0495 2721609 e-mail: sathyadoothan@ahmadiyya.com Printed & Published by M.A. Muhammed, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Jama-at at Geethanjali Offset Press, Feroke, Calicut Edited by A. M. Muhammed Salim. Typeset, Layout & Cover Design : Victory Creations, Calicut - 1. 2009 May Regd. No. 3337/75, Postal Regn. No. KL/CT/108/2009-11. Estd. 1925 Vol. L XXXI No. 5 Licensed to post without pre-payment, Licence No : KL/PMG/NR/WPP/16/KKD/09-11 Price Rs. 15/- THE SATHYADOOTHAN MONTHLY

kxyzqx Jp -B-\n \n v A mlp ]d-bp Ah-kcw: "Hm a bans ai Cukm, ""Fs bpw Fs amxm-hn-t\bpw A m-lp-hns\ IqSmsX c v sszh-ß-fmbn kzoi-cn- pi'' F v \obmtwm P\-ß-tfmSv ]d- Xv'? At±lw ]dbpw: "\o ]cn-ip- -\m-wv. F\n v Ah- Im-i-an- mø Hcp Imcyw ]d-bpi F Xv F\n v tn -X-. Rm Aßs\ ]d- n-cp-s - n Xo -bmbpw \o AXv Adn- n-cn- pw. F n-ep- Xv \o Adn-bp- p. \n n-ep- Xv Rm Adn-bp- n-. \o ]tcm Imcyw \ -hæw Adn-hp- -h-\m- Ip- p. (5:117) \_n-h-n\w A_q-lp-ssd-d(d)-bn \n pw \nth- Z\w \_n (k) Acpfn: a\p-jy-cn sh v IqSp-X ASpØ _ -amwv a b-ans ai Cuk-bp-ambn F\n- p- -Xv. Cl- Ønepw ]c-ønepw hnhn[ `mcy-am-cn Hcp ]nxm-hn\v P\n ktlm-z-c- m-cmbn Pohn- p- -h-sc-t m-se-bmwv \_n-am. Ah-cpsS amxm- ƒ hn`n- -cm-wv. BZ iw H pw. (_pjm-cn) bp-k-i_vzw tbip a\p-jy-\mb {]hm-n-i lzvdøv an km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A) "{Iqio-I-c-Ww, ]m]-]-cn-lmcw apx-emb t]cp- I-fn kphn-ti-j-ß-fn ImWp tam kn- m w Hcn- epw hnip Jp -B AwKo-I-cn- p- n-. tbip alm- \mb Hcp {]hm-n-i-\m-sw pw A m-lp-hns {]nb-s - -h-\m-sw pw Aht\mSv kao-]-ÿ-\m-sw pw _lp-am-\y-\m-sw pw hnip Jp B kxy-s -Sp-Øp- p. F m At±lw shdpw Hcp a\-jy am{x-am-wv. tam w e`n m \njv -f- -\mb Hcp a\p-jy-\n ]m]n- I-fpsS `mcw apgp-h Ib- n-sh- -W-sa v hnip Jp -B Icp-Xp- n-. At±-lsØ ]m]-øn\v DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm- m bp n-t_m[w A\ph-Zn- p- n-. Hcp `c-w-iq-shpw Cu XXzw ]n p-s-cp- n-. (a ^q-kmøv) 4 180

apj pdn v 2009 sabv AlvaZnøm Jnem-^Øv {]h-n-\-ß-fn \nd- p -I-Øp kxyw "CkvemanI Jnem-^Øv' A m-lp-hns hmkvzm\ {]Imc-ap CS-ap-dn-bmØ Hcp XpS -bm-wv. Jnem- ^-Øn\v ]e h Æ-t`-Z-ßfpw kw`-hn- p-sh- nepw A\p-{K-lo-X-amb Hcp CkvemanI ÿm]\w F \ne v ]Xn-aq v \p m- n-e-[niw apkvenw temi-øn\v t\xrxzw \ Inb apkvenw Jnem-^Øv Ign \q m- ns BZy ZiI-ß-fn ]Sp-Xn-cn-IØn Ncn-{X-Øn \n pw Xntcm-`-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. Jnem-^-Øns {]mxn-\n[yw hln v Xp n Jnem-^Øv Du izmkw hen- p B L -Øn Xs \p_q- Øv sim v A\p-{K-lo-X-\mb hmkvzø ako-lns\ A mlp Ab- p. Jnem-^Øv Bflo-b-amb ssnx-\y-tømss ]p\xÿm-]n- -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. B Jnem-^-ØmWv Hcp \q m v Ign v Hcp h jw ]q Øn-bm- nb AlvaZnøm Jnem-^-Øv. \p_q- -Øp-ambn h dkq Xncp-ta\n (k) bpss tzl-hn-tbmkw hnizm-kn-i-fn krjvsn ]cn-{`aw \ap v ANn- y-am-wv. ÿnx{] \pw [oc-cn [oc-\p-amb lzvdøv Da (d) t]mepw ]X-dn-t mb B Ncn{X kw`hw \mw Adn- -Xm-Wv. \p_q- -Øp-sIm v A\p-{K-lo-X-\mb dkq Xncp-ta-\n(k)bpsS A]-cn-lm-cy-amb th ]msp \ni-øn-bxv ]n osv h Jnem-^ØmWv Ahn-SpsØ ]pwy icocw I_dS- p- -Xn\v apºv Xs Jnem-^Øv \ne-hn h p. A{Xbv v {]m[m-\y-ta-dn-b-xm-bn-cp- p Jnem-^Øv t\xr-xz-w. Jnem-^-Øn\v kw`-hn- p KXn-hy-Xn-bm-\-ßsf kw_- n pw h Æ-t`-Z-ßsf kw_- n pw dkq Xncp-ta\n(k) snbvx {]h-n\w G hpw {it -b-am-wv. "A mlp COn- p- nstømfw Imew \nß-fn \p_q- Øv \ne-\nev pw. ]ns Ah AXns\ Db Øpw. A\- cw A mlp COn- p Ime-tØmfw \q_q- -Øns coxn-bn-ep Jnem-^Øv \ne-\n-ev pw. ]ns AXns\ Db Øpw. A\- cw A mlp COn- p- Xv hsc tkz m-[n-]xyw \ne- \n-ev pw. ]ns Ah AXns\ FSp-Øp- -f-bp-ibpw A\- cw A mlp COn- p- Ime- -tømfw _em m-c-]q -amb `cww \ne-\nev pw ]ns Ah AXn-s\bpw FSpØv Ifbpw ]n osv \p_q- -Øns coxn-bn-ep Jnem-^Øv D m-bn-h-cpw. (anivimøv InXm-_q dnjmjv) Cu l-zokn ]d- -{]-Imcw \p_q- -Øns\ Db Ønb tijw (ap-l-ωzv \_n (k) h^-m-øv) \p_q- -Øns am -Øn-ep Jnem-^Øv Jpe^mD dm-in-z-bpss t\xr-xz-øn h p. AXn\v tijw Jnem-^- Øns Bflob ssnx-\y-øn\v KWy-amb timjww kw`-hn- p. cmpm-[n-]-xy-øn-te pw tkz m-[n- ]XyØnte pw AXv hgn-am-dn. B am -Øn Da-hn-øm, A m-kn-øm, DYvam-\nøm Jnem-^-Øp-Iƒ h p. Ahbpw Xntcm-`-hn p. Jnem-^-Øns Cu KXn-am- -ßƒ Cu sim p lzo-kn-\-\p-k-cn- m-bn-cp p F Xv A px-i-c-am-wv. DYvam\nøm Jnem-^-Øns A y-l- -Øn \p_q- Øv sim v A\p-{K-lo-X\pw dkq Xncp-ta-\n(k)bpsS injy {]hm-n-i-\p-amb lzvdøv AlvaZv(A)s\ A mlp Camw alvznbpw ako-lp-ambn A-b p. lzo-kn ]d- -{]-Imcw At±-l-Øns hntbm-km-\- cw Bflob ssnx-\y-tømss \p_q- -Øns am -Øn-ep Jnem-^Øv ]p\-ÿm-]n- -s - p. 1908 hmkvzø alvzn lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) ZnhwKX\m-b-t mƒ lzvdøv l ow \qdp-±o (d)s t\xr-xz-øn Jnem-^Øv \ne-hn h p. Ct mƒ A m-asø Jeo^ lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZns Jnem-^-Øns Iogn AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv hniz-hn-p-b-øns cmpcyybn-te v {]thin ncn p-i-bm- Wv. {]h-n-\-ßfpss km m-xv mcambn \nd- p-i-øp Cu kxyw apkvenw ktlm-z-c- m F{Xbpw thkw Xncn- -dn v A\p-{K-lo-X-amb Cu Bflob kwhn-[m\øns `mk`m p-i-fm-ipi. A mlp XpW- -s. 181 5

kxyzqx tnmzyw: Bflmhpw I_dpw XΩn-ep _ -Øns bmym y-sa- mwv? DØcw: Cu hnj-b-i-ambn dkq Xncp-ta\n (k)bpss lzokp-i-fn F mwv ]d-b-s - n- p- Xv. AsX mw Xs kxy-am- Wv. AXns {]Ir-Xnsb kw_- n v At\z-jn- m \ap v km[y-a-. CXns sb mw ASnÿm-\-Øn Bflmhpw I_dpw XΩn Hcp _ -ap-s v \mw ÿm]n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. Ah XΩn- Hcp _ -ap v F Imcyw Akw-`-hy-amb H -. {]IrXn \nb-a-ønse kw`-h- Øn \n pw AXv DZm-l-cn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. hkvxp- -fpss bmym yw Is -Øm k -i- - \mb sszhw hnhn[ coxn-iƒ kwhn-[m-\n- n- p v. NneXv ZrjvSn- Iƒ v A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hp- -Xm- Wv. Nne-Xm-Is kwth-z-t\-{µn-bß-fpss kwtbm-pnx {]h Ø-\- Øn-eqsS Adn-bm Ign-bp- -Xpam-Wv. lrzbw sim v am{xw \ap v A\p-`-hn- -dn-bm Ignbp ]e Imcy-ß-fp-ap- v. a\pjy\v \nc-h[n kwth-z-t\-{µn-b-ßfpss Ign-hp-Iƒ \ I-s - n-cn- p- p. AXn Hmtcm C{µn-bhpw hnhn[ [ Ω-ß-fn-eqsS a\pjys\ tkhn- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. A m-\n-ifmb XXz-th-Zn- Iƒ AhcpsS hni-e-amb bp n- lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) Bflmhpw I_-dp-am-bp _ w 6 bpss ASn-ÿm-\-Øn k Xpw At\z-jn- -dn-bm-sa v Icp-Xp- p. F m CsXmcp sx n- m-cw am{x-am-wv. Ncn-{X-bm-Ym yßƒ Ncn-{X-Øn \n pw am{xw kam-l-cn- mhp- -Xm-Wv. hkvxp- -fpss {]Ir-Xn-Kp-W-ßƒ icnbmb A\p-`-h-ß-fn-eqsS am{xta Xncn- -dn-bm km[n- p-i-bp- q. BK-a coxnbn a\-kn-em- m Ign-bp Imcy-ß-fn am{xta bp n am -Z i\w \ Ip-I-bp- q. Cßs\ bmym y-øn FØn-t -cm At\-I-h-gn-Ifp v. hnhn-[-ß-fmb Imcy-ß-fn Xocpam\w Iev]n- m Hcp coxnsb am{xw Ah-ew-_n- p-tºmƒ Abmƒ A]-{`w-in-X-\m-hp- p. C mcyw \ap v ssz\zn\ Pohn- Øn ]cn-nn-x-am-wv. ico-c-øn \n pw Bflm-hns th ]n-cnbepw ico-c-hp-ambn Bflm-hn- \p _ hpw bp n-sim v a\-n-em- m Ign-bp Imcy-a-. XXzimkv{X- - mcpw Nn - I- m pw {]am-z-ßƒ ] m km[y-x-bn. Bflmhpw I_dpw XΩn-ep _ w Hcp bmym yam-wv. ]t AXv \ΩpsS `uxni ZrjvSn- sim v ImWm km[y-a-. AXv Zm i-\ni ZrjvSn t tkmn-cn-`-hn- p-i-i-bp- q. tihew bp n v AXv t_m yam-hp-i-bn-. Bflm-hns AkvXn Xzw t]mepw bp n v Xocp-am-\n- m km[y-a-. Cusbmcp hnjbw Bbn-c- -W- n\v X ßƒ v hnt[-b-am-wv. ChnsS Bflm-hns AkvXn-XzsØ \n tj-[n- p \mkvxn-i-cmb Bbn c- -W- n\v XXz-im-kv{X- - mcp- v. CXv XnI pw bp n-bpss Hcp hnj-b-am-bn-cp- p-sh- n Cu hyxy-kvxm`n-{]m-b-ß-sfm- p-ap- m-bn-cn- p-i-bn- -t m. IÆns [ Ωw DZm-l-c-W-amsb-Sp- mw. FIvkvs IÆv Hcp shfpø hkvxp-hns\ ImWp- Ibpw sshbpss IÆv B sh fpø hkvxp-hns cpnn \n -bn- p-ibpw snøpi F Xv \ap v Nn n- m km[y-a-. tihe bp n v Bflm-hns AkvXn Xzw t]mepw ZrV-\n- -b-tømss Adn-bp-hm km[y-a-. AXns kz`mhsø ] ntbm AXns _ -ß-sf- p-dnt m {Kln m km[y-a-. AXns\ kw_- n pw AXns _ sø pdn pw \mw Adn- -sx mw {]hm-n-i-xz-øn s kcwnbn \n pw \mw kaml-cn- -Xm-Wv. Nne XXz- m-\niƒ Bflm-hn-s\- p-dn v Nne-sX mw Fgp-Xn-bn- p- v. ]t Ah-cpsS Cu Adn-sh mw {]hm-n-i-xz- Øns kø-bn \n pw ISw hmßn-bxm-wv. Bflm-hn\v I_- dp-ambn Hcp _ -ap- v F hkvxpx Zm i-\n-i- ZrjvSn-sIm v Is -tø- -Xm-Wv. Ifn-a-Æns Hcp Ip\-bp-ambn Bflm-hn-\p (tijw 42 ) 182

2009 sabv ^cozv AlvaZv bp.-si. Jnem-^Øv Ckveman Jnem-^-Øns hnhn[ am\-ßƒ CkvemanI {]am-w-ß-fn-eqss tej-i hni-zo-i-cn- p p apj-hpc A -]q Æhpw B[n-Im-cn-I-hp-amb t\xr-xz- Øns A`m-h-amWv C v apkvenwiƒ t\cn-sp {][m\ {]iv\w. temi-amsi C v {] p-_v[m-h-ÿbn-emwv. apkvenwiƒ {]txy-i-ambpw C v `b- -camb hnj-a-ßƒ A\p-`-hn- p-i-bm-wv. Ah s - Xnsc ssis m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Imc-W-ambpw hnip Jp -B-\nepw lzo-kp-i-fnepw AS-ßn-b am - \n t±ihpw ZrjvSm- -ßfpw Xncn- -dn-bm\p kz amb Ign-hp-tI-Sp-Im-c-W-ambpw apkvenwiƒ a msc- mfpw IqSp-X kam-[m-\hpw kpc- n-x-xz-hpambn _ -s - -h-cm-bn pw temiøv kam-[m-\-øn- \p-th n t]mcm-sp-i-bm-wv. Bflo-bhpw `uxn-i-hpamb t\ -ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-ap- m-bn pw Ah \jvsmh-ÿ-bn-em-wv. Ah-cn hnh-c-ap- -h t\xr-xz-øn\pw sfiy- Øn\pw th n D -S-ambn Bin- p- p. AXm-hs Jnem-^-Øn\p am{xta \ Im Ign-bq. F n pw kz w \ne-bn Ah-cpsS A]-{K-Y-\-hpw _p nbpw D]-tbm-Kn v Aß-s\-bp-s mcp Jnem-^-Øns km[y-x-bpss hmxn Ah sim n-b-s n-cn- -bm-wv. CXv ImcWw apl-ωzv \_n (k) v tijw {]hm- NI \ntbm-ksø \ntj-[n- p- -XvsIm- m-wv. F m Jnem-^Øv Xs {]txy-i-amb \ne-bn {]hm-n-i-xz-hp-ambn _ n- -s - n-cn- -bm-wv. Jnem-^Øv hnip Jp -B-\n "Jeo^ F Xv Hc-d_n ]Z-am-Wv. AXns A w ]n Km-an, {]Xn-\n[n Fs m-s -bm-wv. Cu ]Zw hnip Jp -B-\n \nc-h[n ÿe-ß-fn D]- 183 tbm-kn- -s - n-cn- p p. kµ `-a-\p-k-cn v CXv c phn-[-øn P\-ß-fp-ambn _ -s p InS- p- p, H m-a-xmbn s]mxp-hn Hcp P\- q- w. c m-a-xmbn a p- -h-cpss t\xm-hmb Hcp hy n. BZyw ]d h BZy-P-\-X-bpsS ]n Km-an-I-fm-bn-cn- pw. c maxv ]cm-a in- -s hy n-iƒ sszh-\n-bp- -cmb Jeo-^-am-cm-bn-cn- pw. ]ecpw IqSn-t Hcp kwl-s-\ v Jnem-^Øv imiz-xo-icn m ] ptam? "Jnem-^Øv' F -Xns A w Iq mb \nebn FSp- -W-sa pw AXns A w `cww \S- Øm th n Hcmsf Gev]n- pi F p am{xtabp- q-sh pw Nne hymjym-xm- ƒ Ah-Im-i-s -Sp- p. AXm-bXv, sszh-øns `qan-bnse hniz-kvx-\mb hy n F w. a p Nne hymjym-xm- -fpss A`n- {]m-b-øn a p hsc \bn- m Iq mb \ne-bnep DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap Hcp {Kq v BWv Nne Jp - B kq -ß-fn Jeo^ F ]Zw _lp-h-n-\- cq-]-øn D]-tbm-Kn- -s - n-cn- -bm AXns A -w hy- nsb Xn-ep-]cn P\-ß-fpsS Iq m-bvabmwv F o Iq hmzn- p- p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn kqd: A q-dn (A- ymbw 24) 56- mw hn-\-øn C{]- Imcw {]kvxm-hn- p- p. ""\nß-fn "\nß-fn \n v hniz-kn- p-ibpw k I Ω- ßƒ A\pjvTn p-ibpw snøp- -h-tcmsv, Ah v apºp- -hsc Jeo-^-am-cm- n-b-xp-t]mse Xo - bmbpw Ah-tcbpw Jeo-^-am-cm- pw.''... '... F n-cn- nepw, ta kq- -Øn Jeo-^-am F v ]cm-a in- n-cn- -bm Iq mb \ne-bn Øs 7

kxyzqx FSp- -W-sa v ]d-bp- Xv D]-cn-π-hhpw hnip Jp B a\-n-em- m-ø-xp-sim- p-amwv. Jp -B- \n _lp-h-n-\-ap-]-tbm-kn- -Xn-\m AXv kzbw A -am- p- -Xv F m Bfp-Ifpw F A - Øn-e-. ""Jnem-^sØ dminz's Xn-sc-bp Nne hna i-\-ßƒ p hni-zo-i-cww'' F Xs IrXn-bn auem\m tijv ap_m-d v AlvaZv kmln_v Cu {]iv\-tømsv {]Xn-I-cn- p-sim v hnip Jp -B 5 mw A ymbw 21- mw hn-\sø Nq n- m- p- p. ""aqkm "aqkm Xs P\-X-tbmSv ]d kµ `w (Hm pi), Fs P\-ta, \nß-fn {]hm-n-i- msc \n -bn- p-ibpw \nßsf cmpm- - m-cm- p-ibpw snbvxp...'' tijv ap_m-div AlvaZv hni-zo-i-cn- p p: cmpm- - mcmbpw {]hm-n-i- mcmbpw B nb Imcyw kwt_m-[\ snøp- Xv apgp-h Bfp-I-tfm- Sm-sW- nepw F m Bfp-Ifpw B hn[-øn Db Ø-s - p F AXns A w. Iq mb A - Øn snø-s -Sp hmkvzm-\-ßƒ Nne hy n-ifn \nhr-øn-bm-hp- p F m-w-nxn\ w. IqSmsX kqdxa q-dnse hmiyw Xs ta hymjym-\sø A\p-Iq-en- p- p. ""Ah "Ah Xo -bmbpw Ahsc {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm- pw, Ah v apºp- -h-cn {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm- n- b-xp-t]mse'' AXm-b-Xv, ap Im-e-ß-fn Iq mb Hcp kwl-øn\v Jnem-^-Øns DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ \evin-bn-cp- p-sh- n AtX coxn-bn Øs Ct mgpw D m-hp-sa v \ap v {]Xo- n- m-hp- - Xm-Wv. ]t, hy n-i-fm-bn-cp p Jeo-^amsc ]n p- S p-h- n-cp- -sx- n AtX k{º-zmbw Xs Ct mgpw XpS-cp-sa v \ap v a\-n-em- mambn-cp- p. "Ah {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm- n-b-xvt]mse' F hm p- Iƒ, \ - p-th n hy n Jeo-^-amsc B n-b- Xns B[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb- p-dn- p kwi-b-ßƒ Zqco- I-cn- p- p. (An exposition of some criticisms against Khilafat - i- Rashida by Moulana Sheikh Mubarak Ahmed Page 9-10 London Mosque 1979). \_n Xncp-ta-\n(-k.-A)-bpsS Nc-a-Øn-\p-tijw Jnem-^Øv F -Xns bym A w \ap v ImWn- p-x- n-cn- p p F pw auem\m tijv ap_md v AlvaZv ]d-bp- p. Iq mb Jnem-^-Ø-, adn v 8 hy n-i-fmb Jeo-^-am-cm-bn-cp p At mƒ \nb-an- -s - -Xv. sszth AXm-bn-cp- n-s - n Aßs\ kw`-hn- n- m-bn-cp- p. Cu hymjym-\sø ]n p-w-bv p i -amb as mcp hmzw A mlp kzbw Xs P\-ßsf \bn- p-hm hy n Jeo-^-amscbmWv \ntbm-kn- Xv F -XmWv. BZw \_n (A)-bp-sSbpw ZmhqZv \_n (-A)-bp-sSbpw Imcyw t\m p-i. hnip Jp -B G hpw \ \ne-bn a\-n-em- nb \_n Xncp-ta\n (k.-a.) a\-n-em- n-bxpw hymjym-\n- Xpw IqSn CtXm-sSm w tn p-i. Xs Nc-a-tijw Hcp hy n-bm-bn-cn pw Jeo^ F t]cn Adn-b-s - Sp-Isb v Xncp-ta\n (k) ]q Æ-ambpw {]Xo- n- ncp p. Xncp-\_n (k.-a) ]d p: "Hcp A_vko-\n-b ASn-a-bmWv \nß-fpss Aao (t\-xm-hv) F m t]mepw sszhw`bw ssis m p At±-lsØ tiƒ p-ibpw A\p-kcn- p-ibpw snøpi' Fs - m Hcp Imew hcm t]mip- p, F\n v tijw Pohn- n-cn p- h hep-xmb A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ ImWpw. At mƒ \nß-sfs k -cn-x-cmb Jpe-^msb (Jeo-^-am )bpw Fs bpw ]n p-s-cpi. AXn-t\m-sSm n \nev p-ibpw AXns\ apdpsi ]nsn- p-ibpw snøpi.' Xs Jeo-^-bmbn Xncp-\-_n(-k.-A.) lzvdøv A_q-_- -dn(-d)s\ \ma-\n t±iw snbvxn-cp- p-sh v \nth-z\w snø-s - n-cn- p- p. F m ]n osv sszh- Øn `c-ta-ev]n- p-sim v Xncp-ta\n AXv ]n h-en- p-i-bp- m-bn. hnip Jp -B-\n Jeo^ F v {]tbm-kn- s ]Z-Øn\v Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Iev]n A w hy n-]-c-amb t\xrxzw F p Xs -bm-sw v CXv \ap v hy -am- n-ø-cp- p. "{SÃn-jn v' F p am{xamwv Jnem-^Øv F -Xp-sIm v Xncp-\-_n(-k) hnh- n- n-cp- -sx- n Xs Nc-a-ti-j-ap- m-hp t\xr-xz-{]iv\w At±lw ]cn-k-wn- p-i-bn-s p am{x-a X\n- p-tijw Jeo-^-bmbn hcp hy nbpss t]cv \n t±-in- -W-sa Nn t]mepw Xncpta-\n(-k)-bv p- m-ip-am-bn-cp- n. Bb-Xn-\m, hnip Jp -B-\nse kqdx- -A- qdn apkvenw-iƒ v hmkvzm\w snø-s bym Jnem-^Øv Ckvemans BK-a-\-Øn\v apºp- m- 184

2009 sabv bncp AtX ASn-ÿm-\-Øn Xs -bm-wv. AXmbXv, hnizm-kn-i-fpss Xnc-s -Sp- -s t\xm-hns\ ti{µo-i-cn- p-sim- p- h Xs. Jnem-^Øpw {]hm-n-i-xzhpw Jnem-^Øv F Bibw hnip Jp -B Iptd- qsn hni-zo-i-cn- p- p. lzvdøv an km _iodp-±o alvaqzv AlvaZv (d) Xs _rl-ømb hnip Jp -B hymjym-\-øn Ipdn- Xv ImWpI. hnip Jp -B aq p-hn-[-øn-ep Jnem-^- Øp-Iƒ hnh-cn- n-cn- p- p. {]hm-n-i- m-cmb Jeo-^-am DZm: BZw(-A) ZmhqZv (A). BZ-(A)an-s\- p-dn v A mlp hnip Jp -B- \n ]d-bp p: "Rm `qan-bn Hcp {]Xn-\n-[nsb \nb-an- m t]mip-i-bm-wv.' (hn. Jp -B 2:31) ZmhqZn(-A)-s\- pdn v A mlp ]d-bp p: "ZmhqtZ, \mw \ns `qan-bn {]Xn-\n-[n-bm- n-bn-cn- p- p.' (hn. Jp -B 38:27). ("Nne blq-z- m Zmho-Zns\ Hcp cmpm-hm-bn- mwv Icp-Xp- Xv; Hcp {]hm-n-i-\m-bn- -. F m shfn-]msp {KŸw \evi-s A m-lp-hns Hcp ZqX- \m-bn-cp p At±-l-sa v hnip Jp -B hfsc hy -ambn {]kvxm-hn- p- p.' ]{Xm-[n-].) 2. Jeo-^-am-cmb {]hm-n-i- m as mcp henb {]hm-n-is Jeo-^-am DZm: aqkm-\_n (A)-bpsS Jeo-^-am-cmb C{km-tben {]hm-n-i- m. Ah-sc- p-dn p hnip Jp -B ]dbp- p. ""\n -b-ambpw "\n -b-ambpw \mw XudmØv Cd- n-bn-cn- p- p. AXn am -Z i-\hpw {]Im-ihpw D mbn-cp- p. AX-\p-k-cn v (A- m-lp-h-nt\m-sv) A\pk-cWw ]pe Øp {]hm-n-i- m blq-z- m p- th n hn[n Iev]n- m-dp- m-bn-cp- p. (hn-ip Jp -B 5:45) 3. Hcp {]hm-n-is {]hm-n-i- m-c- mø Jeo-^-am `uxn-im-[n-im-c-ßƒ D -htcm C m-ø-htcm Bb Znhy- m\w kn n- -h (d- m-\n-øo ), \nba-im-kv{x-]-fin-x- m F n-h-cm-w-h. \nb-a-ßsf 185 kq n- p-ibpw kwc n ep-am-w-h-cpss ZuXyw ""AX-\p-k-cn v "AX-\p-k-cn v \tωm-s-\p-k-cww ]pe Øp- Ibpw blq-z- m p-th n hn[n Iev]n- p-ibpw snøm-dp- m-bn-cp- p. Znhy- m\w kn n- -hcpw \nb-a- - m-cpw. ImcWw A- m-lp-hns {KŸkwc- Ww Ah v Gev]n- -s ncp- p. Ah AXns ta t\m- - m-cp-am-bn-cp- p (hn. Jp -B 5:45) aq mw hn`m-k-øn s]sp- -h-cmwv Jpe-^msb dmin-zo (k- -cn-x-cmb Jeo-^-am ). Fs - m Ah {]hm-n-i- m-cm-bn-cp- n-. ]t, \_n-xn-cpta-\n(-k)- vtijw apkvenwi-fpss Jeo-^-am-cmbncp p. `c-wm-[-n-im-cn-ifpw Xncp-\-_n(-k)-bpsS ]n Km-an-I-fp-amb Ah-cpsS Jnem-^-Øn-s\- p-dn- p [mc-wsb Bcpw tnmzyw snbvxn. Cu kp{]- [m\ Imcy-Øn \_n(-k) a\-n-em- n-b-xp-t]mse bmwv Ahcpw a\-n-em nbxv. Jnem-^Øpw {]hm-n-i-xz-hp-ambn ASn-ÿm-\-]- chpw At`-Zy-hpamb _ w Ds v ta hymjym- \-Øn \n v hy -am-wv. P\-ß-fpsS t\xm- - mcmb Jeo-^-am-sc- p-dn v Jp -B ]d-bp-tºmƒ Jeo- ^-am v {]hm-n-i- m-cp-ambn B -cn-i-ambn _ - ap-s v \ap v ImWm Ign-bpw. Ah H p-in kzbw {]hm-n-i- m-cmbncn pw As - n Ah v apºp {]hm-n-i- m-cpss tkh-i- m-cm-bn-cn- pw. BZysØ Imcy-Øn Jeo-^-bmbn {]Jym-]n- p- Xv {]hm-n-i Xs -bm-bn-cn- pw. Xß-tf- mƒ alm- m-cmb {]hm-n-i- m-cpss Ime-Sn- m-sp-iƒ ]n p- S-cp B {]hm-n-i mcmb Jeo-^-am Bcm-sW v Jp -B-\n \n pw hy -am-ipw. Xßƒ Db Øn- n-sn- m\pw kwc- n- m\pw ]cn-{i-an- p A ym- ]\w AYhm ico-aøv D -X-\mb Hcp {]hm-n-i- \n \n pw Ah p e_v[-am-b-xm-bn-cn- pw. XßfpsS ]q -Km-an-bmb {]hm-n-is ico-a-øp-ambp Ah-cpsS _ w CXv {]Xn^en- n- p p. {]hm-n-i- m-c- mø -J-eo-^-am-cpsS DZm-l-cWw aqkho ico-a-øn \ap p ImWm Ign-bpw. aqkm-\-_n(-a)sb XpS p-h tpmjzm At±-l- Øns Jeo-^-bm-bn-cp- p. AXp-t]mse tbiphns\ ]n Xp-S p-h ]t{xmkv At±-l-Øns Jeo-^bm-bn-cp- p. (tijw 18 ) 9

kxyzqx A_q dnkvhm {InkvXob sh p-hn-fn-iƒ v apºn apkvenwiƒ ASn-b-dhv ]d-tb- -Xpt m? BIm-ihpw `qanbpw ]nf p-t]m-ip p ISpØ in m-wv sszh-øn\v ]p{x-\ps hnizmkw F v Jp -B ]d-bp p. tbip sszh-]p-{x-\m-sw v ÿm]n- m {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ D -bn- p F m A px IrXy-ß-fnepw At±l-Øns BIm-i-hm-k-Ønepw ]p\cmk-a-\-ønepw t\cnb hyxym-k-øn apkvenwifpw hniz- kn- p- p. ]ns -sb-ßs\ {InkvXp-a-XsØ Ah v {]Xn-tcm-[n- m-\mhpw ssz s ZhØns GIXzw ÿm]n- m hºn XymK-ßƒ hcn alm-\mb Hcp {]hm-n-i- \mwv tbip. hnip Jp -B B alm-flm-hns \nkvxp-e-amb Znhy-Zu-XysØ kvacn- p-ibpw At±l-Øns A{]-Im-in-X-amb Pohn-X-Øn-te pw Pohn- X-k-tµ-i-Øn-te pw shfn w hoip-ibpw snøp- p. ]t tbip-hns A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-sW v Ah-Imi-s -Sp {In kvxym-\n-i-fm-is tbip-hnt -sx v ]d v {]N-cn- n- p- hnizm-k-ßƒ tbip ]d-bm- ØXpw tbip-hns A ym-]-\-ßƒ v IS-I-hn-cp- -hp-am-wv. tbip sszh-øns ]p{x-\m-sw CXnlmk ]cn-thjw \ In Abp- n-i-x-bp-tsbpw A -hn-izm-k-ß-fp-tsbpw ]n _-e-tømss sxm s]m- p-am-dp- -Øn Ah {]N-cn- n- p ap nimkv{xw A -km-c-iq-\y-amb Pev]-\-ß-f- msx as m- p-a. \n `m-ky-i-c-sa v ]d-bs {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS tbip-hns\ kw_- n Cu \nc -I-hn-izm-kßsf Jfin- mt\m A -h-ømb coxn-bn adp- ]Sn ]d-bmt\m Jp -Bs A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb `qcn- ] w apkvenw ]fin-x- m pw km[y-am-ip- n-. apkvenw ]fin-x- m-cpss Cu _e-lo-\x a\- -nem- nb {InkvXob kphn-ti-j-i- m timgn-t m v h v G{]n c mw-hm-c-øn {Iqio-I-cWw Dbn sø-gp-t v kz m-tcm-lww F o hnjb-ß-fn Hcp kwhmzw \S-Øm apkvenw ]-fin-x- msc sh p-hn-fn- - p-ibpw CkvemanI hnizm-k-ßsf \nin-x-ambn hna in- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p- p. "\qdp lbmøv' F Ah-cpsS {In kvxob {]NmcW {]kn- o-i-c-w-ønepw Cu sh p-hnfn Bh Øn- n-cn- p p (2009 P\p- -am v) {InkvXob sh p-hn-fn-isf apkvenwiƒ F p-sim v `b- p p? {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ tbip-hns\ sszh-]p-{x-\mbn hniz-kn- p- Xv At±lw ImWn 36 A px IrXyßƒ sim mwv. emk-dns ]p\-cp- m-\w, hn[-hbpss acn ]p{x\v Poh \ In-bXv, kv] i-\-am- {X-bn IpjvTtcmKw amdn-bxv, sh ]mfiv amdnb-xv, A \v ImgvN In n-bxv, c -{km-h-im-cnsb kpj-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xv... Aßs\ t]mip Znhym p- X-ßƒ. IqSmsX tbip-hns ]nxr-c-ln-x-amb P\\w, k t m-]cn AXn-i-b-ß-fpsS aip-s-nm Ømbn 2000- tømfw h jam-bp tbip-hns BIm-i-hm-kw, Ah-km-\-Im-eØv temisø hos -Sp- m-\p Xncn- p-h-chpw!!! A-ßs\ Aam-\p-jn-I-X-bp-tSbpw Znhym p X-ß-fp-tSbpw tlmj-bm-{x-bmbn {InkvXym- \n-iƒ tbip-hns PohnXw sim m-s-s -Sp- p hnnn-{x-sa v ]d-bs tbipsh sszh-]p-{x-\m-sw v ÿm]n- m {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ sxfnhmbn D -bn- p Cu A p-x-ir-xy-ß-fn-se mw apkvenw ]fin- 10 186

2009 sabv X- mcpw hniz-kn- p- p. AXn IqSp-X-embn At±lw ] nsb krjvsn- p-sh pw apkvenwiƒ hniz-kn- p p. Jp B\nI hncp- hpw in n A[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb ss{ikvxh hnizm-k-ßƒ Gsd- psd hyxym-k-an- msx hniz-kn- p apkvenwiƒ v Fßs\ {InkvXob sh p-hn-fn-isf t\cn-sm-\m-hpw. Ah-cpsS ta Fßs\ hnpbw ÿm]n- m-\mhpw? {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn- p- Xv t]mse-bp bmsxmcp A p-x-{]-h Øn-Ifpw tbip {]h Øn- -Xmbn Jp -B-\n \nt m a p CkvemanI {]am- W-ß-fn \nt m sxfn-bn- m km[y- -a-s v AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv sh p-hn-fn- p- p. {]hm-n-it{i-jvt-\mb dkq Xncp-ta-\n (-k) v t]mepw sszhw \ ImØ sszhn-i-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ C{kmtb tkm{x-øn\p am{x-ambn Ab- -s Hcp {]hm- N-I-\mb tbip-hn\v \ In F -Xn\v Jp -B-\n \n pw bmsxmcp sxfnhpw e`n- p- -X-. Be- mcnim -Ønepw D]-am-cq-]-Øn-epw {]h-n-\-`m-jbnepw ]d Imcy-ßƒ ÿqe-_p- n-i-fmb Aev]- m-\n-iƒ A -cm -ØnseSpØv hymjym-\n- p-sh-t -bp- q. tbip-hns ]nxr-c-lnx P\\w a\pjy-\nse Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp {]Xyp ]mz\ {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. tbip-hns amxm-hmb lzvdøv a bw _ohn-bn am{x-a AXy-]q -amb Cu {]Xn- `mkw kw`-hn- -Xv. a p kv{xoi-fnepw A]q -ambn CØcw ]nxr-c-lnx P\\ßƒ \S- m-dp-s v B[p-\nI ssph-imkv{xw sxfn-hp-iƒ \ Ip p. CXns\ kw_- n v hn. Jp -B-\n kqn-\-i-fp- v. {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ v Hcp-]mSv \ KpW-ß-fps v ]d Jp -B Ah-cpsS sszh-imkv{xsø kw_- n v Cßs\ ]d-bp- p: Ah-cpsS ({In-kvXym-\n-I-fp-sS) hmbn \n v ]pd-s -Sp hm v Kpcp-X-c-am-bXmWv I -a- msx Ah ]d-bp- n-.' (18:6) "]c-a-im-cp-wn-i-\mb A mlp Hcp ]p{xs\ kzoi-cn- n-cn- p- p F v Ah ]d-bp- p. Xo -bmbpw \nßƒ Hcp `b- c \njn IrXyw snbvxn-cn- p- p. AXn-\m BIm-i-ßƒ s]m n Iodp-Ibpw `qan ]nf p-t]m- Ip-Ibpw ] -X-ßƒ XI p-ho-gp-ibpw snbvtx- mw. (19:89-91) tbip-hns sszh-]p-{x-xzøn\v B[m-c-ambn {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn- p At±l-Øns A p-x-ir-xy-ß-fnepw BIm-i-hm-k- 187 Ønepw t\cnb hi-t`-z-tømss apkvenwifpw hnizkn- p p F Xv Kuc-h-ta-dnb hnj-b-am-wv. ASn-ÿm\ hnj-b-ß-fn kwhm-z-an "Ckvemw kwhmzw' F ]pkvx-i-øn (Cu ]pkvx-isø ] n ]n osv hnh-cn- mw) {InkvXym-\n- Iƒ ]d-bp p: "Ahs (tb-ip-hn-s ) I\y-Im-P- \\w kz mtcm-lww ho pw hchpw F mw Hcp km[m-cw {]hm-n-i-t\- mƒ D]cn-bmbn Ahs\ \nkvxpey ]pcp-j-\m n Xo p- p. Ah tihew Hcp {]hm-n-i am{x-am-sw- p apkvenw hnizm-k-tø- mƒ D]-cn-bmbn Cu D]- tz-i-ß-sf mw Ah hmkvx-h-øn sszh-]p- {X-\m-sW {InkvXob hnizm-ksø ]n m-ßp- I-bmWv snøp- -Xv. (Ckvemw kwhmzw t]. 192) ]ns -sb-ßs\ Cu simsnb in hnizm-ksø apkvenwiƒ v {]Xn-tcm-[n- m-\mhpw? Fw.-Fw. AIv_ kmln-_ns\ t]mse-bp ke^o ]fin-x- mcpw tbiphns A p-x-ir-xyßƒ, BIm-im-tcm-lWw, c mw h-chv apx-emb Imcyß-fn {InkvXob hnizm-k-ßƒ Xs sh p- ]p-e Øp- -h-cm-wv. AXp-sIm v Cu hnj-b-ßfn At±-lsØ t]mse-bp ]fin-x- m v {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-ambn hmz-{]-xn-hm-ztam kwhmztam C. ss nƒ hmiy-ßƒ a\x-]mtw ]Tn v A{]- [m\ hnj-b-ß-fn kwhm-z-sa t]cn appm-lnzv ]fin-x- m \S-Øp Cu tãpv tjmiƒ ISpØ in n A[n-jvTn-X-amb {InkvXob hnizm-k-ß-fpambn Hcn- epw G p-ap- p- n- F v apkvenw kwhm- Z- m a\-n-em-t - -Xp- v. AXp-sIm mwv ticf-ønse Fw.-Fw. AIv_-dn-t bpw t_mwt_-bnse k o \mbn- n-t bpw BNm-cy\pw `ph-\-{]-ikvx- \mb apkvenw kwhm-z-hn-z-kvz-\p-am-bn-cp Z n-wm- {^n- -bnse AlvaZv ZoZmØv, ]fin-x- m-cmb {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-ambn t\cn- p kwhm-z-øn Alv aznøm {]ÿm\ ÿm]-i-cmb hmkvzø alvzn lzvdøv AlvaZn (A)s hmz-ap-j-ßƒ v ]n n A`bw txsn-b-xv. ImcWw AP-ø-amb hnip Jp - B-\n-e-[njvTnX-am-bn-cp p lzvdøv AlvaZn(A)s hmz-ßƒ. Nn m-io-e-cmb apkvenw ktlm-z-c- m CXv kw_- n v \njv]- -amb hnnn- -\-ßƒ \S-tØ- -Xp- v. AlvaZv ZoZmØpw tpmjv aivtum-h-ep-am- bp "Ckvemw kwhmzw' 1981 BKkvXv amk-øn Z- n-wm-{^n- -bnse 11

kxyzqx Z _-\n "{InkvXp {Iqin- -s - pthm?' F hnjbsø B[m-c-am- n- Hcp kwhmzw \S- p-i-bp- mbn. temi-hym-]-i-amb {]Nm-c-am-bn-cp p B kwhm- Z-Øn\v e`n- -Xv. Z n-wm-{^n- -bnse Z _ ti{µam n {]h Øn- p hniz-{]-i-kvx-\mb Ckvemw ax- -]-fin-x\pw AXn-hn-Z-Kv[-\mb kwhm-z-a Ω- \pw C y hwi-p-\p-amb AlvaZv ZoZmØpw {]K kphn-ti-j-{]-h Ø-I-\mb tpmjv aivtumhepw XΩn-em-bn-cp p kwhmzw 'Islam Debate' F t]cn-e-dn-b-s -Sp B kw-hm-z-øns ]q Æ-cq]w aivtum-h-ens BapJ- p-dn-t m-sp-iqsn {]kn- o-icn- n- p- v. at -cn-bnse {InkvXob {]Nm-cW ti{µamb "a Ikp _nimd' "Ckvemw kwhmzw' F t]cn AXns ae-bmf ]cn-`m-jbpw {]kn- o-i-cn- n- p- v. Cu kwhm-z-øn-emwv AlvaZv ZoZmØv AlvaZnøm hmz- -ßƒ Ah-X-cn- n v {InkvXob hmzßsf hnp-b-i-c-ambn {]Xn-tcm-[n- p- -Xv. {IqioI-cWhpw Dbn sø-gp-t pw: kwhm-z-ønse ti{µ-_nµp tbip-hns Ipcn-ip-a-c-Whpw Dbn sø- -gpt pw kz m-tcm-l-whpw {InkvXp-a-X-Ønse aqe {]am-w-ß-fmwv. Cu hnj-b-ß-fn-emwv apjyambpw Ckvemap-am-bp hntbm-pn pw. ]utemkv At]m-kvX-e ]d-bp p: {InkvXp Dbn n- -s - n- n-s - n Rß-fpsS {]kwkw hy w \nß- fpss hnizm-khpw hy w (1 simdn 15-17) hmkvx-h-øn ss nƒ ]gb \nb-a-øn "Ipcn-in Xd v sim -s -Sp- -h sszh-øm i]n- -s - -h (B-h Ø\w 21:23)F {]am-w-a- \p-k-cn v tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in sim v i]vx-\msw v hcp-øn-øo p-i-bm-bn-cp p blq-zcpss Dt±-iw. blq-z-cpss Cu IpSn-e-X-{ -Øn \n pw sszhw At±-lsØ c n p F mwv Jp -B ]dbp- -Xv. adn v ]utemkv ]d-bp- Xv t]mse tbip Ipcn-in Xd- p-sim- -s p F v ]d-bp-tºmƒ At±lsØ i]vx-\m- n-xo m blq-zn-iƒ \S-Ønb KqV-{iaw hnp-bn p F- mwv \mw a\-n-em-t - - Xv. Cu k ev]w ss n-fn\pw tbip-hns kxy- Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cm-Wv. ]ueq-km-is tbip Pohn- n-cp Ime-a-{Xbpw tbiphns\bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw t{zmln hy n-bm-wv. {Ko v tdma antøm-f-pnbn AKm[ ]fin-x-\mb ]utem-kv. tdma {`aw ]nsn-s] v "iu ' F Xs blqz \maw Dt]- n v 12 "]ueqkv' F tdma \maw kzoi-cn- bm-fmwv. ]n osv At±lw -tdma ]uc-xz-hpsa-sp-øp. BZn ]m] k ev]w, {Iqio-I-cWw, Dbn sø-gp-t v, kz m-tcm-lww F o {InkvXob hnizm-k-ßƒ ]ueq-kmwv ans\-s -Sp-ØXv. AXp-sIm p Xs sszh-a-l-xz-øn\pw a\p-jy-bp- n pw \nc- mø CXn-lmk kzm[o-\-ßƒ AXn-se mw ImWmw. tbip-hns\ Ft mgpw kvxpxn p ]d hnip Jp -B At±-lsØ kw_- n p ]d txm ]ueqkv ]d txm GXmWv kxy-sa v {InkvXym- \n-ifpw Nn n- -s. {InkvXp k a\pjy-cp-tsbpw ]m]w hln v Ipcn-in acn- p-sh pw acn- - -Xn-\p-tijw Dbn søgp-t - p-sh- p-ap ss{i kvx-h-cpss Cu ti{µ-hnizm-k-x-xzsø hnip Jp -B ]mss \ncm-i-cn- p- p. {InkvXp Ipcn-in ]ovn-x-\m-sb- nepw Ipcnin sh v At±lw acn- n- n-. At±lw Ipcn-in t_m[-c-ln-x-\m-hp-ibpw acn- -Xm-sW v a p- -h [cn- p-i-bp-amwv snbvx-xv. CXmWv Jp -Bs kq va hpw Jfin-X-hp-amb {]Jym-]\w. Ad_n ]Z-tIm-i-hpw, hymi-c-w-hpw, {]tbm-k-km-[p-x-bpsa mw A\n-tj-[y-amw-hn[w CXn\v km yw \nev p- p. Jp -B AXv hnh-cn- p- p: {Iqio-I-cWw : Jp -B hmzsø ss nƒ icn-sh- p p "A m-lp-hns ZqX-\mb akolp Ck_v\p a b-ans\ Xo -bmbpw Rßƒ h[n- n-cn- p p F v Ah ]d-bp- Xv... hmkvx-h-øn At±- lsø Ah h[n- n- n {Iqin p sim n- p-an. t\sc adn v At±lw Ah v ({Iq-in- -s Hcp- h-s\-t]m-se) kzr-io-i-cn- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-b-xv. X kw-_- -ambn `n m-`n-{]m-b- m-cm-b-h A m-cy-øn kwi-b-øn Xs -bm-wv. DulsØ ]n ]- p-i-b- msx Ah v AXn-s\- n bmsxm-c-dn-hp-an. Ah At±-lsØ Dd- mbpw h[n- n- n (4:158) tbip-hns {Iqio-I-cW hnj-b-øn {Inkv Xym-\n-I-fpsS \ne-]msv hmkvx-h-hn-cp- -am-sw v {]Jym-]n- p-sim v Jp -B ]d-bp- p. At±-lsØ Ah v h[n- m-t\m, {Iqin v sim mt\m km[n- n- n-. (ham JX-eplp ham-k-e-_q-lp) Ipcn-in t_m[-c-ln-x-\mb tbiphns\ acn- -h-s\-t]mse Ah v kzr-io-i-cn- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-bxv (h-em- 188

2009 sabv In ip n-l- e-lpw) ss n-fns kq va-hmb\-bn \n pw Jp - Bs Cu hmz-øn\v \nc-h[n sxfn-hp-iƒ \ap v e`n- pw. tbip-hns\ hnnm-cw snbvx ]oem-tømkv tbip-hn bmsxmcp Ip hpw ImWmØ \oxn-am- \m-bn-cp- p. At±-l-Øns ` -bmb `mcy I Hcp kz]v\-z i-\-øns AS-ÿm-\-Øn tbip-hns\ in n- -cp-sx v hnnm-c-w-th-f-bn Bsf ]d- b v DW Øn-bn-cp- p. Znh-k-ß-tfmfw Ipcn-in Xd- -s v \c-in v acn- p in -bmwv {Iqio-I-cWw. Atcm-K-Zr-V-Km-{X\pw bphm-hp-amb tbip-hm-is tihew aq p awn- q am{x-amwv Ipcn-in InS- -Xv. IqsS-bp- m-bn-cp c v I - mtcbpw Ipcnin \n pw XmgvØn-b-t mƒ Ah acn- n-cp- n-. tbip-hn\v am{xw in-jy- m ho v (a-b- p-a-cp- v) \ In-bn-cp- p. AXn-\m tbip t_m[cln-x\mbncp- p. sshzy-\mb tbip-hns clky injy \nt m-z-akv tbip-hns\ A\p-K-an- n-cp- p. Ipcnin ab-ßn- n-s tbip acn- pthm F -dn-bm tdma ]S-bmfn ]m iz-øn Ip w-sim v IpØnb-t mƒ c hpw sh hpw Xp n- p-h p. acn ico-c-øn \n pw c hpw sh hpw Xp n- p-hcptam? {Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v t\xrxzw \ Inb tdma ]S-bm-fn-I-fpsS Xe-h ixm-[n-] tbip-hns A\p-`m-hn-bm-bn-cp- p. I d Bdp-t] v \n mhp- -XmWv. AhnsS Bdp dmø aodbpw AInepw D m-bn-cp- p. CXv Xw NnIn- n- m-\p Huj- [-amwv. arx-tzl kwkvi-c-w-øn- p- -X-. ta ]- d sx mw ss nƒ hnh-c-w-ß-fm-wv. Ahkm\w I -d-bnse NnIn- v tijw t_m[-c-ln-x- \mb tbip t_m[-øn-te v Xncn- p-h- p. CXmWv kw`-hn- -Xv. Npcp- -Øn tbip Ipcn-in t_m[- c-ln-x-\m-hp-i-bmwv snbvxxv F Jp -Bs {]kvxm-h-\ v A\p-Iq-e-ambn C\n-bp-sa-{Xtbm sxfnhp-iƒ ss n-fn \n p-xs ka n- m-\m-hpw. auem\m auzq-zn-bpss Bƒam-dm kn m- w {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ kwib-ønepw Ahy- X-bnep-am-sW v ]d v {Iqio-I-cW kw`-h-øns bmym y-ß-fn-te v shfn w hoinb hnip Jp - Bs kxysø Xa-kvI-cn- p coxn-bn auem\m auzq-zn-sb-t]m-se-bp ]fin-x- m-cpss \nc Iamb hnh-c-w-ßƒ FSp-Øp-Im n {In 189 kvxob ]fin-x- m Jp -B-t\bpw Ckveman-t\bpw ]cn-l-kn- p- Xv thz-\m-p-\-i-am-wv. Ipcn-in {Iqin- -s - Xv tbip-h F pw AXn\v ]Icw tbiphns\ t]mse txm n as m-cm-fm-sw pw tbiphns\ A mlp BIm-i-tØ- p-b Øn F p-amwv auem\m auzq-zn-bpw a p apkvenw ]fin-x- mcpw hmzn- p- -Xv. "Ckvemw kwhmzw' F ]pkvx-i-øn simspø auzqzn kmln-_ns Hcp- -cwn C{]-Imc-am-Wv. "AXn-\p-tijw Xm C n- p-tºmse F pw snøp-hm Ign-hp sszhw tbip-hns\ {Iqio-I-c-W-Øn \n v hnsp-hn- p-ibpw X - te v Db Øp-Ibpw snbvxp. AXn-\p-tijw {Iqin- -s GtXm Hcp-h {InkvXp-hn\v {]Xn- ]-I-c-ambn Fß-s\tbm GtXm \ne-bn {Iqin- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-bxv' (Moududi, the meaning of the Quran P. 390) Ckvemw kwhmzw t]. 187. sszh-øn\v F pw snøm Ignbpw F -Xn- \m tbip-hns\ c n- m tbiphn\v ]Icw as m-cmƒ v tbip-hns cq]w \ In B cq]w am nb Bsf {Iqin- m sszhw ] -Xn-sbm-cp n F Xv sszh-øn\v A]-Io Øn-I-c-am-Wv. Ip w snømø Hcmƒ v Ip m-tcm-]n-xs cq]w \ In Abmƒ {Iqin- -s - p F v ]d-bp-tºmƒ Bƒamdm- w, h -\, sime-]m-xiw F o A]-cm-[-ßƒ ssz-h-øns Ic-ß-fm krjvsn- -s p F m- W w. k -i- -\mb sszh-øns Ign-hp-Iƒ CØcw {Inan-\ Ip -ßƒ snøm-\p- -XmtWm? Cu Bƒam-dm kn m w \oxo-i-cn- m {]hm-n- I-\mb tbip-hns cq]w \ In-bXv H n-s m-spø bqzm-kn- m-bn-cp psh v Nne apkvenw ]fin-x- m -A-`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. GXm-bmepw Cu Bƒam-dm w sszhal-xz-øn\v tn -X-. Cu hn[w, hyhÿm]n-x-amb {]] \nb-aw XInSw adn v P\-ßfn Bi-b- p-g- -ap- m n sszhw \oxn \S-Øp p F v ]d-bp- Xv ITn-\-amb sszh-zq-j-whpw Aev]- Xz-hp-a- msx as - m-wv? Cu A]-lm-ky-amb Bƒam-dm kn m- -hp-ambn Fßs\ apkvenw ]fin-x- m v {InkvXp-a-XsØ t\cn-sm-\mhpw? hnip Jp -Bs ASn-ÿm-\-Øn {InkvXphns\ kw_- n A_- -hn-izm-k-ßsf A\n-tj- [y-amw-hæw Xncp-Øp-Ibpw {InkvXob hna i-\- ßƒs -Xnsc B -Sn- p-ibpw snøp AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv Bi-b-k-a-c-cw-KØv {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Hcp t]sn-kz-]v\-amwv "Ckvemw 13

kxyzqx kwhmzw' tcj-s -Sp-Øp- p. "Ad_n hm p-i-fpss bym hymjym\w GXm-sW v Xßƒ v an -hmdpw I p-]n-sn- phm Ign- n- p v F mwv Al-Ω-Zob {]ÿm- \- m-cpss Ah-Im-i-hm-Zw. taev]-d thz-`m-kßpss hymjym-\-øn ]mc-ºcy apkvenw Nn m- K-Xnsb \nc-kn- pi am{x-a-. {InkvXob hnizm- køns ASn-Ø-dsb Xs XI p D{K-amb Hcp {]lcw G n- p-hm-\mwv Ah e yw sh n-cn- p- Xv (Ckvemw kwhmzw t]. 199) tbip Ipcnin acn- n- n-s pw t_m[-c-ln-x- \mbn acn- -h-s\-t mse kzr-io-i-cn- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-b-sx- p-ap A\n-tj-[yhpw A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-hpamb Jp -Bs ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep Alva-Zn-I-fpsS hmzw Ah-ew-_-am- n-bmwv temi-{]-i-kvx-\mb AlvaZv ZoZmØv {InkvXym-\n-I-fpambn G p-ap- n-b-xv. ZoZmØv Hcn- epw AlvaZn apkvenw Bbn-cp- n F Imcyw {]txyiw Hm -Ww. Zo-ZmØv AlvaZnøm hmz-ap-j-ßƒ Ah-X-cn- n- m c -s - Sn F v a\-n-em- nb {InkvXob kphn-ti-j-i- m, {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-tSbpw `qcn-] apkvenwi-fptsbpw sfiy-cq-]-ap ax-hn-izm-k-ßƒ s Xnsc AlvaZn-I-fpsS hmz-ßƒ Db Øn-s m- mwv ZoZmØv {InkvXym-\n-Isf t\cn-sp- -sx v ]d v ZoZm-Øns\ apkvenwiƒ n-s-bn H -s -Sp-Øm {ian- p Xv ImWp-I. "{InkvXym-\n-Iƒ pw' apkv enwiƒ pw th n, IzmZn-bm\n kn m- -ßƒ hf Øn- s m p hcp-hm-\mwv ZoZmØv {ian- p- Xv F Xv hy -am-wv. ZoZm-Øns elp-tej ]cn- tim-[n- m Xs hmz-ap-j-ßƒ {][m-\-ambpw Kpemw AlvaZns {KŸ-Øn \n pw ISw FSp- ØtXm A m-ø-] w IzmZn-bm\n Fgp-Øp-Imsc A\p-I-cn- txm BsW v a\-n-em- m-hp- -XmWv (Ckvemw kwhmzw 205) apkvenw-i-fnse 72 I n-ifpw AlvaZn-Isf Im^n-dm- n-bn- p- v. G hpw ck-i-c-am-bn- p- Xv Ah v ]n pw {]Jym-]n- p-sim- p {InkvXym- \n-i-fpss \ne-]m-smwv. AlvaZn-Isf Im^n-dm- n-b- Xns KpWw G hpw \ mbn A\p-`-hn- p- Xv Ckvemw hna i-i-cmb {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-Wt m. ImcWw hna i-i v Hcn- epw Xe Db Øm Ign-bmØ A\ntj[y-amb Jp -B-\nI hmz-ßƒ 14 D -bn- p AlvaZn-Isf Im^n-dp-I-fm-sW v ap{z- IpØn AI n \n Øn-bm apkvenw ]fin-x- msc ssiimcyw snøm Ffp- -am-wv. AXp-sIm mwv AlvaZn-Iƒ Im^n-dp-I-fm-sW Imcyw apkvenw Isf DW Øp- -Xv. Ah ]d-bp p: "Ckvemanse Al-Ω-Zoøm hn`m-k- m bym apkvenw hnizm-k-øn\v shfn-bn BsW- mwv _lp-`q-cn-] w apkvenwifpw hnizkn- p- -Xv. CXn-\p-Im-cWw Ah-cpsS D]-tZ-i-ßf-C ]expw apkvenw hnizm-k-øn\v A\p-]q-c- I-am-sW v txm psa- nepw bym-ÿn-xni apkvenw hnizm-km-n-c-ßƒ v Ah FXn-cmWv. {InkvXob hnizm-k-øn-s\-xn-cmbn Ckvemans\ A\p-Iq-en- p D]-tZ-ißfn-emWv {][m-\-s hnxym-k-ßƒ (Ckvemw kwhmzw t]. 204) tbip-hn\v F v kw`-hn p? sszh-t{]-jn-x-\mb tbip sszh-øn\v th n `o`- -amb ]ov-\-ßfpw \nµm-i-c-amb ` -\- ßfpw hºn XymK-ßfpw G p-hm-ßnb alm-\mb Hcp {]hm-n-i-\m-wv. sszh-]p-{x F XnI pw hymp-amb k -ev]-a hmkvx-h-øn At±-lsØ al-xz-]-z-hn-bn-te- p-b Øp- -Xv. adn v a\p-jy-\mb At± lw kl-\-tøm-ssbpw ÿncnnø-x-tbmsspw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn alm-xym-kßfmwv sszh-øn\v Hcp ssp-h-]p-{x-\p v F hnizmkw Abp- n-ihpw ip -t`m-jvip-am-wv. Ipcniv kw`-h-øn \n pw sszh-k-lm-b-øm c -s At±lw NnXdn sxdn v hnzq-c-x-bn hnkvar-x-cmbn Ign-bp blq- Z-tKm-{X-ßsf txsn ^e-kvxo-\n \n pw Ing- Zn n-te v k cn p. ss nƒ hn-\-ßƒ Xs CXn\v km n-bm-wv. C{km-tb Krl-Ønse ImWmsX t]mb BSp-I-fpsS ASp- Xs sn p-ho (a-ømbn 10:6) C{km-tb Krl-Ønse ImWmsX t]mb BSp-I-fpsS ASp- -te- - msx Rm Ab- -s - n- n (a-ømbn 15:24) Cu sxmgp- Øn \n - mø thsd BSp-Ifpw F\n- p- v. Ah Fs i_vzw tiƒ pw (tbm-l- m 10:16) \jvs-s blqz tkm{x-ß-fn Xs sszhni ZuXyw t{]jww snbvx-xn-\p-tijw C y-bnse Iivao-cn sh v At±-lw hnp-b-{io-em-fn-x-\m-bn Ime-KXn {]m]n- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. A\n-tj-[y-hpw AtX-k-abw A{]-Im-inX hpamb kxy-am-wnxv. (tijw 18 ) 190

2009 sabv alvaqzv, I pfw Jnem-^Øv sszh-øns A\p-{K-l-t{km-Xv am Jnem-^Øv sszhw \ Ip ]mcn-txm-jn-i-am-wv. AXn- mbn Nne \n_- -\-Iƒ ]q Øn-bm-t - -Xp v am\h IpesØ k m -]m-xbn-te- m-\-bn- p- -Xn-\mWv sszhw Xs hcn-jvt-zq-x- msc temi-tø- -b- p- -Xv. Ae-wL- \o-b-amb sszho-i-\n-b-a-øns `mk-am-ip p {]hm-n-i-\n-tbm-kw. AY-hm- B-flob Poh-P-e-Øns A`m-h-Øm tnx-\-b a\p-jycm-insb DZvK- -Xn-bpsS tkm]m-\- Øn-se-Øn- p- -Xn-\p G m- Sp- m- pi F Xv Xs \S- -]-Sn- {I-a-ambn sszhw hnfw-_-c-s -Sp- Øp p: ""Ch v "Ch v aptº ]q n- I-cn A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw hgn-]n- g- p-t]m-bn- p- v. Xo -bmbpw Ah-cn Pm{K-X-s -Sp-Øp- -hsc ({]-hm-n-i- m-sc) \mw Ab- n- p- ap- v.'' (hn.-jp. 37:72,73) ""At mƒ "At mƒ ]q n-i-cn A\p- h Øn- -s \S-]-Sn-{I-a-a- msx a p-h- Xpw Ah {]Xo- n- p- I-bmtWm? A m-lp-hns \S- ]-Sn-{I-a-Øn\v bmsxmcp t`z-k- Xnbpw \o Is -Øp-I-bn-. A m-lp-hns \S-]-Snbv v bmsxmcp am hpw \o Is -Øp- -Xp-a-,'' (35:44) `qan-bn sszh- Øns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw Ahs GI-Xm-hn-emkw {]tlm-jn- p- h-cp-amwv {]hm-n-i- m. ""\nßƒ A m-lp-hns\ Bcm-[n- p-i, Zpx»- n-isf h Pn- pi (F ktµi-hp-am-bn) F m kap-zm-b-ønepw \mw {]hm-n-i- msc \ntbm-kn- n- p- v.'' (16:37) ""Rm\- msx Hcp Bcm-[y-\p-an ; AXn-\m Fs Bcm-[n- pi F v Znhy-t_m[\w \evin sim - msx Hcp ZqXs\bpw \n\ v apºv \mw Ab- n- n-.'' (21:26) {]hm-n-i m sszhhn-izmk-øn-te v P\-ßsf Wn- p-ibpw hnizm-ksø Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS klm-b- Øm Icp-Øp- Xpw kwi-bm-xo- X-hp-amb \ne-bn ÿm]n- p-d- n- p-ibpw snøp- p. a\p-jy\v sfln-i-po-hn-x-øn A`n-ap-Jo-Icn-t n hcp _lp-ap-j-{]-iv\- ß-fn kp_ hpw Ip -a- -Xpamb ho W-K-Xn-bp- m- n, Ahs Pohn-X-Øn\v icn-bmb Znim-t_m[w \evip- Xv {]hm-n- I- m-cm-wv. k t m-]-cn, a\p-jymflm-hns ]hn-{xo-i-c-w-am-wv Ah-cpsS ZuXy-a Ωw. Np-cp- - Øn, sszh-zq-x- m aptj\ Poh-Ømb Hc-hÿ temiøv kwpm-x-am-ip- p. {]hm-n-i-xz-co-xn-bn-ep Jeo-^-am {]hm-n-i- m-sc-øp-s v \nehn hcp Jnem-^Øv hyhÿn-xnbpw sszh-øns A\p-{Kl-t{km-X-p-I-fn s]sp- p. {] hm-n-i- m-cpss KpW-K-W-ßƒ kzmb-ø-am- p-ibpw Ah-cpsS {]Xn-cq-]-sa-t mww \ne-sim- p- Ibpw snøp- -h-cmwv Jeo-^-am. tihew \_n-am-cpss ZuXy-]q Øo-I-c-W-am-Wv, Ah-cpsS {]mxn- \n-[y-øn hcp Jeo-^am-cpsSbpw I Ø-hyw. sszh-zq-x- m, `qan-bn hnøp-]m-inb B bym Xu-lo-Zns hym]-\ hpw Ah XpS-ßn-sh Znhy-]- -Xn-I-fpsS ]q Øo-I-c-Whpw Jeo-^-am-cn-eqsSbmWv bmym - y- 191 15

kxyzqx am-ip- -Xv. AYhm \_n-am-cn `cta-ev]n- -s - n-cp AtX I Øhy-ßƒ Xs -bmwv Jeo-^- m \S- n-em- p- -Xv. Ah \_n-amcpss BflobssNX-\yw kaq-l- Øn kpo-h-ambn \ne-\n-dp- Øp ZznXob Znhy-i- n-bmwv Jnem-^-Øv. {]h-n\ km m mcw lzvdøv BZw (A)s Imew apx {]mh Øn-I-ambn h Jnem-^Øv hyh-ÿnxn Ckvem-anep-ap- m-ip- -Xms-W v {]txy Iw kphn-tijw \evi-s - n- p- v. lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx-^m(-k)bbp-ss t{ijvt-k-ap-zm-b-øn\v e`yam-ip Znhym-\p-{K-l-ß-fn-sem- mwv Jnem-^-sØ- -B-flob ÿm]-\w. Bflo-bm-\p-{K-l-ßfpsS h mø Dd-h-sb-t mww \ne-sim- p kpoh ax-amb Ckv eman Cu Bflob ÿm]-\- Øns km n- yw AXns kxy-x- p ZrjvSm w IqSn-bm- Ip- p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hntbm-k-sø-øp-s v lzvdøv A_q-_- (d) lzvdøv Da (d) lzvdøv Dkvam (d) lzvdøv Aen (d) F n-h bym-{iaw Ckv emani Jnem-^Øv ]Z-hn-bn Ah-tcm-[n-X-cm-bn. k m K-\n-jvTcmb Cu \mep Jeo-^- m-cpss Ime-L w Ckvemanse kph Æ- Im-e-am-bncp- p. sszh-k-lmbw e`n- n-cp Ah Ckvemans X\na temiøv \ne-\n Øp-I-bp- m-bn. Aßs\ Ckvemw tem IØv hym]n- m-\n-s-bm-bn. "Jpe ^m D d-in-zo-ßƒ' F v ]d-bp B \mep Jeo-^- m v tijw Jnem-^-Øns kz X \jvss Sp- Ibpw AXn\v sshieyw kw`-hn- p-i-bp-am-bn-cp- p. F m hnhn[ cq]-am- -ßƒ v tijw 16 hmkvzø alvzo-a-kolv aptj\ ho pw \p_p- -Øns am-xri bnep bym CkvemanI Jnem-^Øv \ne-hn h p. CXv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n snbvx hy - amb {]h-n-\-øns ]q Øo-IcWw IqSn-bm-Wv. Cu {]h-n\w anivimøv InØm-_p cn-jm-_n ImWmw. Jnem-^Øv hmkvzm-\hpw AXns al-xzhpw hnip Jp -B-\n Jnem-^-Øns\ Ipdn v {]Xn- ]m-zn- p "BbsØ CkvXn-Jv em-^v' F m Imcy-ß-fp-apƒsIm- n-cn- p- p. kqdm- -\q-dnse {] kvxpx hn\w C{]-Im-c-am-Wv: ""\nß-fn "\nß-fn \n v hniz-kn- p-i bpw k I Ω-ßƒ A\p-jvTn- p-ibpw snøp- -h-tcm-sv, Ah v apºp- -hsc Jeo-^- mcm- nb Xpt]mse Xo - bmbpw Ah-sc bpw `qan-bn J e o -- - ^ -- - m -- - c m -- - p -- - I b p w Ah mbn Ah Xr]vXn-s axsø Ah v {]_-e-s -Sp- Øn-s m-sp- p-ibpw Ah-cpsS `b-øn-\p-tijw c bpw kam- [m-\hpw Ah v ]Icw \evip- Ibpw snøp- -Xm-sW v A mlp hmkvzm\w snbvxn-cn- p- p. Ah Fs am{xw Bcm-[n- p -Xm-Wv. Ft msv as m- n-s\bpw Ah ] p- tn p-i-bn-. AXn-\p-tijw Bsc- nepw \ntj-[n- p-i-bm- sw- n Ah Xs -bmwv [n m-cn-iƒ.'' (24:56) ta Jp -B-\nI hn-\- Øn \n v Xmsg- -d-bp Imcyßƒ a\-n-em-ip p A m-lp-hns hmkvzm-\hpw ]mcn-txm-jn-ihpw: Jnem-^Øv Hcp hmkvzm-\hpw ]mcn-txm-jn-i-hp-am-wv. Xm\n-jvSs -Sp Hcp Imcyw as m-cmƒ snbvxm kt m-j-{]-i-s-\-sat mww AXn\v Fs - nepw ]mcn-txm-jniw \evipi F Xv s]mxpsh a\p-jy-{]-ir-x-am-wv. F m k -i- -\mb sszhw apkvenwi-fn Cuam\pw k I Ω-ß-fp-ap- -h-tcm-sv, Ah v Jnem-^Øv \ Ip- -Xm-sW v hmkvzm\w snbvxn-cn- p- p. kaq lw Cuam-\p- -hcpw k I Ωn- I-fp-am-Ip-tºmƒ Xs hmkvzm\w A mlp Ah-cn ]q Øn-bm- p- Ibpw ]mcn-txm-jn- -aimbn Jnem- ^Øv \evip-ibpw snøp- p. k m-[n-\m-y-\mb A mlp \ev Ip ]mcn-txm-jn-i-am-b-xn-\m Jnem-^Øv al- -Xz-]q Æhpw {]u V-hp-amb Bflob ÿm]-\-amsw- -Xn ktµ-l-an-. hnizmkhpw k I Ωhpw: ssz-ho-i -hm-kvzm\w hnizm-k hpw k I Ωß-fp-ap- -h-tcm-sm- Wv. hnizm-khpw k I Ω-ßfpw apkvenw PamA-Øn \n pw A\yw h p-t]m-ip Hcp Ime sø Ipdn v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Zo L-Z i\w snbvxn- p- v. hn. Jp -B tihew en]n-bnepw Ckvemw AXns \ma-ønepw Ah-ti-jn- p \ne-bn `bm-\- I-amb A[-x-]-X-\-am-bn-cn pw kw`-hn- p-i. \_n(-k) {]h-nn- p: ""Fs "Fs P\-X-bn \ -h BZy- Im-eØpw Ah-km-\-Im-eØpw D -h-cm-wv. BZy-Im-esØ P\- ß-fn A m-lp-hns {]hm-n- I Xs -bp- m-bn-cn- pw. Ah- km-\-im-esø P\-ß-fn Cuk-_v\p-a -b-apw. AXn-\n-S-bnep- -h h{i-x-bp- -h-cm-bn- cn pw'' (I kp DΩm ) Cuam Im Øn-Im-\- -{X- 192

tømfw Db p-t]m-ip-tºmƒ AYhm hnizm-khpw I Ω-ßfpw \in v Bfl-kØ tnm p t]mip kml-ncyw "ssjsd DΩ- Øn ' kwpmx-am-ip-tºmƒ hm KvZØ alvzo akolv aptj\ ASnbp-d hnizm-khpw I Ω-]-c-amb ssnx-\yhpw hn m-\-sh a bpw ho pw temiøv \ne-\m- p- -Xm-sW pw {]hn-\-ß-fn \n v kphn-zn-x-am-ip- p- v. At±lsØ XpS v \p_q- -Øns amxr-i-bn-ep bym Ckvem ani Jnem-^-Øn\v \mµn Ipdn- s -Sp- -Xp-am-Wv. hy -amb Cu {]h-n-\-ß-fpss shfn- -Øn Jnem-^Øv kw_- -amb ssz hoi hmkvzm\w hniz-kn- p-ibpw k I Ω-ß-f-\p-jvTn- p-ibpw snøp- -htcmsmsw Imcyw Nn m l-am-wv. Znhy-kw-hn-[m- \sø hne-a-xn-t - Xpw sszho- I-am K-Z i\w hgn hyxn-cn- -am- -s bym Xulo-Zn ASnbp-d- p-\n t - Xpw Jnem-^- Øns ÿmbn-bmb- \n-e-\n-ev]n\v A\p-t] Wo-b-amWv. Jeo-^-bpsS ]n n Znhy- lkvxw {]hm-n-i- m v tijw \nehn hcp Jnem-^-sØ Znhyÿm-]-\sØ hnizmkn kaq-l- Øn \ne-\n-dp-øp- Xv sszh-amsw v Ah Du n- -d- n-cn- p- p. {]hm-n-i- m-cm kap- -cn- s hnizm-kn-iƒ aptj\ F-gpt ]n -s -Sp Jeo-^-bpsS ]n n Xmßmbn \n p- Xpw ]n p-wbpw klm-bhpw \evinsim- n-cn- p- Xpw Znhy-l-kvX-am- Ip- p. Jeo-^-bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\- ß-fn \n pw Cu bmym yw t_m y-am-ip- -Xm-Wv. Jnem-^Øv kwÿm-]\-øn\v th n Atlm- 193 cm{xw ]cn-{i-an p ]cm-p-b-s `uxn-i-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fpss Ah-ÿ- Iƒ hnfn- -dn-bn- p- Xv Jnem- ^Øv a\p-jy-ir-x-amb kwhn-[m- \-a-s v Xs -bm-wv. apkvenw kaq-l-ønepw Znhym-\p-{K-l-ßƒ ap kap-zm-b-ß-fn Jnem-^- Øns A\p-{K-loXw kwhn-[m \w \ne-\n- n-cp- p. F m lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx-^m(-k)- bpss D Ir-jvS-k-ap-Zmbw ]q kap-zm-b-ß-tf- m-fp-]cn Znhym-\p- {K-l-ßƒ v ]m{xo-`q-x-cm-ip- -Xm- Wv. Bflm-bo-\p-{K-l-ß-fpsS `mksa-t mww Jnem-^Øv hyh-ÿn- Xnbpw Ah-cn-ep- m-ip- -Xm-sW v hnip Jp -B ]d-bp- p. Zo\n v {]_-ex a\p-jysc F m-hn[ A - Im-c-ß-fn \n pw tamnn- n v kwkvir-x-nn-øcpw sszh-{]-_p- -cp-am- p- -Xn-\p-th n BK-X-cm- Ip {]hm-n-i- m, Znhy-am K- Z i-\-{]-imcw P\-ßsf \bn- p- -h-cm-ip- p. {]hm-n-i- m-cpss hntbm-km-\- cw Ah-cpsS ]n p- S -bn hcp Jeo-^-am-cm-Wv. (Jn-em-^Øv Aem an lm-pn- p- p- -Øv) Cu ZuXyw ]q Æ-X-bnse-Øn- p- -Xv. sszho-i-a-x- Øns kz -Xbpw X\n-abpw \ne- \n Øp-hm `c-ta-ev]n- -s - -hcmwv Jeo-^-am. X n-anøw AhcpsS Bflo-b-\m-b-I-Xz-Øn Zo\n v i nbpw {]_-e-xbpw e`n- p-ibpw snøp- p. kam-[m\ ti{µw `bm-\-ihpw k o Æ-hp-amb Ah-ÿ-Iƒ kwpm-x-am-ip-tºmƒ AXn \n v tamn-\-ap- m-ip kwhn-[m\w IqSn-bmWv Jnem-^- 2009 sabv Øv. {]hm-n-i- m-cpss th ]m-sns\-øp-s v hnizm-kn-i-fn-ep- m- Ip hn{`m- nbpw A\n- n-xm-hÿbpw Jeo-^sb Fgp-t -ev]n- p- -Xn-eqsS kam-[m-\-ambn ]cn- W-an- p- p. AtX-{]-Imcw hnizmkn-iƒ v t\cn-ts n hcp `b- m-sn-s bpw {]iv\-k- o Æ-X-Ifp-sSbpw Ah-ÿ-I-fn-se mw Bizm-khpw kam-[m\-ti{µ-hpsa-t mww {]h Øn- p Znhykw-hn-[m-\-hp-amWv Jnem-^-Øv. hnizm-kn-iƒ mbn ]ng-hp-iƒ kw`-hn- mø ]mx sxfn- p- h-cmwv Jeo-^-am. in n \n pw tamn\w ax-øn A- -hn-izm-k-ß fpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw IS- p-iq-sm- \n-s-bm-ip kq va-amb kml-ncy-ß-sf-t mepw C m-xm- m-\m-ip- Xpw sszh-øns GI-Xm-hnemkw icn-bmb coxn-bn temi Øv Db Øn- n-sn- m-\m-hp- Xpw km[n- p- -Xv, tihew sszho-iam K-Z i\w kn n Jeo-^- m m-bn-cn- pw. ""Ah Ft m Sv bmsxm- n-s\bpw ] p-tn m- Ø-h-cm-Ip p'' F Jp B\nI ]cm-a iw C m-cy-øn-te v shfn w hoip- p. sszh-kw-{]m- ]vxn-bpss cmp-ho-yn-bn-te v am K- Z i\w \evip Znhy-ÿm-]-\- amb Jnem-^-Øns\ \ncm-i-cn- p- Ibpw Ah-K-Wn- p-ibpw snøp- -h-scbpw kw_- n v ^mkn-jpßƒ (B- m-ew-l-i ) F m Wv hnip Jp -B hnti-jn- n- n-cn- p- -Xv. D]-kw-lmcw Cu Ime-L- -Ønse Camw lzvdøv ao km akvdq AlvaZv kmln-_ns Hcp D]-tZiw Chn ss Ipdn- p- p: 17

kxyzqx ""JpZvdsØ km\nb (Zzn-Xob Znhy-i n hnem-kw) A m-lphn \n p G hpw henb D]- lm-c-am-ip- p. AXns Dt±iyw kap-zm-bsø GIo-I-cn- p-ibpw `n -X-I-fn \n pw kwc- n- p- I-bp-am-Wv. Pam-A-Øw-K-ßsf apøp-a-wn-i-sf-t mse tim Øn- W- -s -Sp Nc-Sm-Wn-Xv. apøp- I-ƒ NnX-dn-t m- -hp-i-bm-sw- n Ah kpc- n-x-am-bn-øo-cp-itbm Ah-bpsS at\m-lm-cnx Adn-b-s - Sp-Itbm snøp- -X-. Htc Nc-Sn tim Øn-W- -s -Sp apøp-a- Wn-I-fmWv at\m-l-chpw kpc- n- -hp-am-bn-øo-cp-i. Cu c mw i n- {]-`mhw Cs - n kxy-ax-amb Ckvemw Hcn- epw ]ptcm-kxn {]m]n- p- -X-. AXp-sIm v Cu i n {]`m-h-tømsv ]q Æ-amb \ne-bn Bflm -X-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-øn-s bpw hniz-kvx-x-bpssbpw _ w ]pe Øp-I. Jnem- ^-Øn-t\m-Sp A\p-k-c-Wmthiw ÿmbn-bm- p-i. CXc F m kvt\l-_- -ßfpw \nmc-am-ipw-hn[w Jnem-^-Øn-t\m-Sp kvt\-l-_ w h n- n- p-i. Cam-ap-am-bp _ -Øn-emWv F m A\p-{K-l-ß-fp-ap- -Xv. AsXm- p-am-{x-amwv F m-hn[ Ipg- -ßƒ pw ]co- -W-ßƒ p-sa-xn-cn Hcp ]cn-n-bm-bn- p- - Xv.'' (A ^-k 23-5- 2003) (14- \n v XpS ) \nd p IØp B DPze kxy-øns kaq Ø-amb sxfnhmwv Iivao-cnse {io\k-dnse Jm bm sxcp-hn C pw ÿnxn-sn-øp- p tbip-hns 18 I_. B I_-dns\ Nq n- m- Wn v imkv{x-{]-_p- -amb ss{ikvxh \mk-cn-i-x-tbmsv Ckvemans t]cn AlvaZn-I-fpb Ønb sh p-hn-fn-bn \n pw ss{ikvx-h-tem-i-øn\v Hgn- pam-dm Hcn- epw km[y-a-. Cu sh p-hnfn v snhn-sim-sp- msx BImiw Nq n- m n tbip Ct mƒ BImiØv \n pw Cdßn-hcpw F v ]d v hnizm-kn- Isf F m-ehpw hcp-xn-bn \n Øm-sa v Bcpw hymtamln t. CXn-lmk ]cn-thiw \ In Ncn-{X-Øn \n pw am n- \n Ønb tbip-hns\ imkv{x hpw Ncn-{Xhpw Hcp-\mƒ Xncn- -dnbpi Xs snøpw. tbip ]d- -Xp-t]mse "kxyw \nßƒ Adnbpw kxyw \nßsf kzx- { -cm pw' (tbml: 8:32) apkvenw ktlm- -Z-c- m-tcmsv Ckvemw ax-øn\pw {]hm-n- I-{]-`p-hmb dkq Xncp-ta-\n (-k) p-saxn-tcbpw BtKm-f-hym- ]-I-ambn ss{ikvxh ]utcm-ln Xzw \S-Øp {Iqc-amb hna i- \ß-tfbpw lo\-amb Bt -]- ß-tfbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n- m\pw tbip-hns bmym yw temi sø t_m y-s -Sp-Øm\pw A m lp Ab hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv (A)s am w \mw ]n p-s-tc- n-bn-cn- p- p. in p-i-fn sh v G hpw simsnb in mwv tbiphns\ kw_- n v {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ sh p-]pe Øp- sx v Jp -B ]d-bp- p. Cukm \-_n(-a)sb AYhm tbip-hns\ pdn v {InkvXym-\n-Ifn \n pw ]I p-in- nb F m A_- -hn-izm-k-ßfpw Jp -Bs ASn-ÿm-\-Øn ]cn-tim-[n v \mw ssisøm-gn-tb- Xp v. CXv \ΩpsS hnizm-ksø in n \n pw tamnn- n- m th n am{x-a. ISpØ in hnizmk-øn-e-i-s timsn- -W- n\v {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ v XuloZv F- msw v a\-n-em- n-sim-sp- m\pw klm-b-i-am-wv. AXp-sIm v sszh-øm ÿm]n-x-amb AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns\ kw_- n v kxym-t\z-jn-iƒ IqSp-X a\-nem -W-sa v A`y n- p p. (9- \n v XpS \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n(-k)bpss Nca-tijw Cu coxn-bn-ep Jnem- ^Øv Bbncp p D m-bn-cp- Xv F v hy -am-wv. Fs - m \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) v tijw lzvdøv A_q-_- At±-l- Øns BZy Jeo-^-bm-bn-cp- p. Jnem-^Øv F Cu A\p-Kr-lo- X-hy-h-ÿ 29 h jw \ne-\n p. lzvdøv Aen(-d)-bpsS Nc-atØmsS {]hm-n-i-xz-øns am - Øn-ep B Jnem-^-Øn\v KXnhy-Xn-bm\w h p. C m-eøv Jnem-^-Øns {]k- nbpw km[y-xbpw ]cntim-[n- p- Xn\v apºv Jnem-^ sø dminz apx C mew hsc bp Jnem-^-Øns\ ] n Npcpßnb \ne-bn Ah-tem-I\w snøp- Xv \ m-bn-cn- pw. hn ip Jp -B-\n-tebpw lzo-kntebpw {]h-n-\-ßfpw A ym-]-\- ß-fpw CXp-ambn _ -s - n-cn- p- -sx-ß-s\-sb pw ImWmw. (Xp-S-cpw) 194

2009 sabv A_vZp-d-ln-am simsn-b-øq Da C_v\p A_vZn Akokv kmxzni hnip- n-sim v Jpe^mD dm-in-z-bpss Jnem-^-Øns\ A\p-kva-cn- n- p CkvemanI temisø DP z-e-hy- n-xz-am-bn-cp p Da C_v\p A_vZn Akokv Jn Jnem-^sØ dmin-z-bv p-tijw CkvemanI km{ampyøns kmc-yy-ta-s -SpØ l: apb-hnb `cww Xs ai bko-zn v ssiam-dp-i-bp- m-bn. Aßs\ {]mxn-\n-[y-`-c-w-{i-a-øn \n v cmp-hmgvn-bn-te v CkvemanI `cw-{iaw amdp-i-bp- m-bn. Xncp-\-_n(-k)-bpsS Xs {]h-n-\-am-bn-cp p Jnem- ^Øv \p_p- -Øns am -Øn \n v cmp-hm-gvnbn-te v amdp-sa- -Xv. apb-hnb aptj\ XpS w Ipdn `c-w-hwiw Dahn Jeo-^-am F v Ncn-{X- Øn Adn-b-s -Sp- p. Da-hn- ]-c-º-c-bn Jnem- ^sø dmin-z-bpss Znhy-ssN-X\yw kzoi-cn v amxr- Im-`-cWw ImgvN-sh [\ym-flm-hm-bn-cp p Dadp_v\p A_v Zn Ako-kv. H mw \q m- nse app- ±n-zmbpw At±lw IW- m- -s -Sp- p. c mw Dasd v Ncn-{X-Øn At±lw Adn-b-s -Sp- p. a hms ]p{x\pw A_v Zp aen-ins ktlm-z-c- \p-amb A_vZp Ako-kns ]p{x-\mwv Da c ma. Da-dp ^m-dq-jns ]p{x Bkzn-ans ]p{xn ssee-bmwv At±-l-Øns amxm-hv. ln: 61 CuPn- ]vxnse lp hm-\n-emwv At±-l-Øns P\-\w. am Xm-hns ho n-em-bn-cp p. At± lw Xs sndp- - Imew Ign- n-cp- -Xv. Aao-dp apavan\os `h-\- Øn hf p-h amxm-hns in -Ww, ]p{xs Pohn-X-Øn Gsd kzm[o\w snepøn F v ]dtb- -Xn- -t m. amxm-hns ]nxr-hy-\mb A_vZp- mln_v\p Da-dn(-d)s in Ww e`n- p-hm\pw Da c m-a\v `mky-ap- m-bn. A_vZp- m-ln-_v\p -D-a-dns kmxzn-i-x-bn BIr-jvS-\m-bn-cp B sim p-_me At±-lsØt mse Bbn-Øo-cp-hm-\p Xs B{Klw amxm-hns apºn {]I-Sn- n- p-ibpw amxmhv AXn-\p-th n {]m n- p-ibpw snøm-dp- m-bn-cp- p. DZm-cX At±-l-Øns ioe-am-bn-cp- p. l: Da-dp ^mdqjv At±-lsØ kw_- n v Hcp Znhy-kz-]v\w Z in- n- p- m-bn-cp- p. Ahn-Sp p ]d p: ""Aa-hn-I-fn {hwn-x-in-c-kvi BcmWv? AXpw Da-dns k m-\-ß-fn? Ah Da-dns Ncy \S m pw temi-sø-ßpw \oxn \S-Øpw.'' _me-\m-bn-cns timh I-gp-X-bpsS Nhn-t v Xe-bn apdn-th- n- p m-bn-cp- p. Aßns\ Da-dp ^m-dq-jn\v A mlp \ Inb kphn-ti-j-øns km m mc-am-bn-cp p \ΩpsS Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j. At±lw Ip n- m-eøv XnI ax-`- -\m-bn-cp- p. Hcn- amxmhv apdn-bn {]th-in- -t mƒ ai Ic-bp- - XmWv I -Xv. Imcyw Xnc- nb amxm-hn-t\msv ]d p: ""H p-an DΩm Rm ac-w-sø- pdnt m Ø t mƒ Ic- p-t]m-b-xm-wv.'' Ifhv ]dbp ioew At±-l-Øn-\n- m-bn-cp- p. ""XpWn DSp- p-hm XpS-ßn-b-Xp- ap-x Rm I w ]d- n- n-. AX-]-I-S-am-sW v F\n- -dn-bm-am-bn-cp- p.'' At±lw Xs Hcn- ]d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. ]nxr-hy- \pw, Da-hn-J-eo-^-bp-am-bn-cp A_vZp aen- ns aiƒ ^mxzn-a-bm-bn-cp p At±-l-Øns kl- [ ΩnWn. lnpm-knse Kh W-dm-bn-s m- mwv At±lw `c-w-cw-k-tø v IS ph- -Xv. ""Xm -sf- mwv azo- \-bn sn v Npa-X-e-Iƒ Gs -Sp- m-øxv?'' Xs ]nxr-hy-\pw, `mcym-]n-xm-hp-am-bn-cp A_vZp a-en- Ins hntbm-ksø XpS v Jnem-^Øv Gs -SpØ 195 19

kxyzqx heo-zns ktµ-i-am-bn-cp p AXv. A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\ tø v Ww In n-bm km[m-c-w-bmbn Bfp-Iƒ snøp- Xv F mwv? F m Ckvemans alm- \mb Cu k Xn [rxn-im-wn- p- -Xn\v ]Icw heo- Zn \n v Nne Imcy-ßƒ Bcm-bp-I-bmWv snbvx- Xv.'' ap Km-an-Iƒ A\p-h Øn A{I-a-Øn-t -bpw, A\ym-b-Øn-t bpw coxn Xm CjvS-s -Sp- n F pw X\n v kzx-{ -ambpw \oxn-\n-jvt-ambpw {]Pm-t -a-x-ev]-c-x-tbm-ssbpw `cww \S-Øp-hm D kzmx{ yw Xm ƒ \eviptam'' F -Xm-bn-cp p At±-l-Øn\v Adn-tb- n-bn-cp- -Xv. `c-wm-[n-im-cnbmb heo-zn \n v hy -amb Dd v e`n- -tijw am{x-amwv At±lw Kh W ÿm\w Gs -Sp- m Xøm-dm-b-Xv. Aß s\ ln: 87 d_o-d A -en Dadp_v\p A_vZn Akokv Kh W ÿm\-ta- p. `c-w-km-c-yy-ta-s -SpØ DSs\ ]Øp ]fin-x- msc At±lw Xs D]-tZiI m cmbn Xnc-s -Sp-Øp. kaq-l-øn Gsd BZ-chpw AwKo-Im-c-hp-ap D IrjvS hy n-xz-ß-fmbncp p {]kvxpx ]fin- X -{]-Xn-`-Iƒ. Ah-cp-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-Nn p am{xta `c-w-im-cy-ßƒ \S-Øp-I-bp- q-sh v At±lw Xocpam-\n- n-cp- p. kxy-øns kw ÿm-]-\-øn Xs klm-bn- -W-sa- pw, Xs sx p-iƒ Nq n- m n Xs k h-gn-bn \bn- -W-sa pw At±lw {]kvxpx ]fin-x-t{i-jvt-tcmsv At]- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. Daho sim m-c-ß-fn kvxpxn-]m-ticpw kpjtem-ep-]cpw \nd- p-\n- n-cp Hcp Ime-L- -Øn AXn \ns mw hn`n- -ambn Da-dns Cu \ne-]msv CkvemanI cmjv {SsØ am n-a-dn Hcp BZ i-imen-bpss cwk-{]-th-i- -Øns \mµn-bm-bn-cp- p. Xs ap Km-an lnim-an_v\p Ckvam-Cu azo-\-bn A{Ia-hm-gvN-bm-bn-cp p \S-Øn-bn- p- m-bn-cp- -Xv. At±lw azo-\- m-cpss thz-\-iƒ Xncn- -dn-bp-ibpw Ah-tcmSv snø-s - n-cp A{I-a-Øn-\pw, A\o- Xnbv pw ]Icw \oxnbpw kam-[m-\-hpw, kpc- n- XXzw Dd- p-h-cp-øp-ibpw snbvxp. Aßs\ ]p Wyd-kq-ens ] -W-hm-kn-Iƒ Bizm-k-Øns s\spho n- p. Ah Xß-fpsS ]pxnb `c-wm-[n-im-cnbn kwxr-]vx-cm-hp-ibpw At±-l-Øn\v th n {]m n- p-ibpw snbvxp. cmpy-øns a p-`m-kßsf At]- n v azo\ A m-eøpw ax-]-fin-x- m-cp-ssbpw hnip- m-fl- -fp-ssbpw kº -Øm [\y-am-bn-cp- p. AØcw kmxzn-i-cp-ss-sb mw a\- 20 n CSw t\sm At±-l-Øn\v km[n- p. kzc-am- [p-cn-tbmss Jp -B ]mcm-bww snøp- -hsc At±lw {]txyiw BZ-cn- n-cp- p. At±lw Dahn `c-wm-[n-im-cn-i-fn hn`n- \mbn hna i-\-ßsf a-tbmss tiƒ p-ibpw Dƒs m- p-ibpw snbvxp. Da-dns \S-]-Sn-I-fn kwxr-]vx-\mb heoxv lnpm-kns apgp-h Kh Æ-dmbn At±-lsØ \nban- p-i-bp- m-bn. F m \njvtq-c-\mb Aahn Kh Æ l m-pn_v\p bqkp^v Cdm-Jn-epw, AXn \p apºv lnpm-knepw P\-ßƒ v ta Xp-ey-X-bn- mø AXn-{I-a-ßƒ Agn- p-hn-sp-i-bp- m-bn. l m- Pns Cdm-Jn \n v {Iqc-X-Iƒ kln- -h-ømsx HmSn-h-cp- -h v Da (-d) azo-\-bn A`bw \ Ip- I-bp- m-bn. Hcn- l n\v hcm l mpv Hcpßp- -Xmbn hnhcw In n-b-t mƒ P\-ßƒ AXn-jvSs -Sp- n-s v a\-n-em n Da - C_v\p A_vZp Akokv XS-bp-I-bp- m-bn. CsX mw l m-pns\ Da-dns i{xp-hm- n. l m-pns D]-Pm-]-ßƒ v hiw-h-z-\mb heozv Da-dns\ Kh Æ ÿm\-øp- \n v \o n. `mcym-k-tlm-z-c IqSn-bmb Jeo^ heozv_v\p A_v Zp aeniv Xs ÿm\-{`-jvt-\m- n-sb- nepw tdma- m s -Xnsc ]S-s]m-cp-Xp apkvenw tbm m- -tfmsv tn v Hcp km[m-cw ] mf- m-c-\mbn t]mcm-sm B sszh-`- Xøm-dm-hp- I-bp- m-bn. X\n v ssih kµ `-sa mw heo- Zns\ D]-tZ-in- p-hm\pw P\-ßƒ v Bizmkw ]Icp-hm \pw At±lw D]-tbm-Kn- p-i-bp- m-bn. A{Ian-bmb `c-wm-[n-im-cn v apºn kxyw Xpd- p-]-dbpi F ]fin-x-[ Ωw At± lw bym-hn[n \n -ln- p-i-bp- m-bn. heozv_v\p A_vZp aen-ins ac-w-tijw ktlm-z-c kpsse-am Aahn sim m-c-øn D]- hn-jvt-\m-bn. kpsse-am ac-wm-k- -\m-b-t mƒ ]n Km-ansb kw_- n N -Iƒ kpo-h-am-bn. ]s kpsse-ams a ƒ Ip n-ifpw Ai- -cpam-bn-cp- p. Aßn-s\-bmWv Da-dp_v\p A_v Zp Ako-kns t\ v IÆp-Iƒ ]Xn-bp- Xv. kpsseams ]n Km-an-bm-hm k {X tbm Ky At±-lam-sW v sim m-c-ønse D -X-io j-sc mw A`n-{]mb-s -Sp-I-bm-bn. Jeo^ kpsse-am Xs Xocp-am\w t\cn v Adnbn- p-hm C_v\p A_vZn Ako-kns\ Xs Z _m-dn-te v hnfn- p-h-cp-øp-i-bp- m-bn. Jeo-^- 196

2009 sabv 197 bpss CwKn-X-a-dn Da `c-w-`m-c-ta-s -Sp- p-hm- \p Xs hnk-ωxw At±-lsØ Adn-bn- p-ibmwv snbvx-xv. kpsse-am Xs Bh-iy-Ønepw Da (-d)-xs \ne-]m-snepw Dd- p-\n- p-sim v \ymb ßƒ \nc-øn. A[n-Imcw X n-e n-x-am-bm Xs {]h Ø-\-ß-fn h hogvnbpw kw`-hn- m Xs \mys apºn IW v ]d-tb- n-h-cp-at m F - Xm-bn-cp p B sszh- m-\n-bpss Nn. Fßn-s\- sb- nepw Cu `mcw F n \n v Hgn-hm n Øc- W-sa v Jeo-^-bpsS D]-tZ-i-I-cn ]e-scbpw I psim v At±lw At]- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. ln: 99 k^ 10 sh n-bmgvn Jeo^ kpsse-am Znhw-K- X-\m-bn. kpsse-ams hkn-b-ø-\p-k-cn- pw, AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp ]c-»xw Da-ho-{]-ap-J- m-cpssbpw ` - P-\-ß-fp-sS-bp-sa mw \n - -Øn\p hg-ßn-bpw, hnk-ω-x-tøm-ss-bm-sw- nepw Jnem-^Øv ]Zhn Gs -Sp- m B BZ i-imen \n _- n-x-\m-bn. ln: 99 k^ 10 sh n-bmgvn Da-dp-_v\p A_vZp Akokv CkvemanI km{am-py-øns A[n-]\pw kxy-hn-izm-kn-i-fpss \mb-i-\p-ambn ss_aøv sn ø-s - p. Da-dp ^mdq-jn-\vtijw ap kvenw temisø tcmam- -a-wn-bn B kph Æ-Im-e-L- -Øn\v AhnsS XpS w Ipdn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Bizm-k- Øns s\sp-ho p-i-fpw, B\-µ-Øns \nan-j-ßfp-am-bn-cp p AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp h s mw. ]s Aao-dp ap-avan\os kpµ-c-h-z-\-øn-te v ZrjvSn ]Xn- n- -h v Im Wp-hm Ign- Xv AXn-i- - ambn hnd- p-sim v IÆp-\o s]mgn- p- -Xm-bn- m- Wv. kam-\-am-sbmcp Zriyw BtKmf AlvaZn-Iƒ Z in- p-i-bp- m-bn. 2003 G{]n 23\v e ] nbn sh v Jnem-^Øv Xnc-s -Sp v Ign v Jeo- ^-Xp akolv V Xphme sim v IÆp-\o XpS v \{a-ap-j-\mbn ]pd-øp-h-cp B Zriyw Fw.-Sn.-F. C \m-j-w aptj\ {]t -]Ww snbvx-t m-gmbn-cp p AXv. `uxn-i-cmb Bfp-Iƒ ÿm\-e-_v[nbn D m-z-nn-ø-cm-hp-tºmƒ sszhn-i-hy- n-xz-ßƒ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[-Øm æm\-ap-j-cm-bn-øo-cp- p. Jnem-^Øv X n-e n- -s - -Xns\ XpS v Da-dp- _v\p A_vZp Akokv kz-ns\ A`n-ap-Jo-Icn- p-sim v {]uv-amb Hcp {] kwkw snbvxp. {]hm-n-i-n-cybpw Jpem-^m-D -dm-in-z-bpss aln-x-amb amxr-ibpw ]p\x-ÿm-]n- p-hm-\p Xs ZrV-\n- bw {] kvxpx {]kw-k-øn \ng-en- n-cp- p. Dahn-I-fpsS BUw-_-c-Øn-\p-]-Icw emfn-xyhpw, \oxnbpw, kxy-k- -Xbpw `c-w-cw-køpw kmaq-ly-cw- KØpw ÿm]n- p-hm-\m-bn-cp p At±-l-Øns ZrV-\n- bw. Da-ho-sIm- m-c-ønse BUw-_-c-ß-fn \ns mw At±lw hn p-\n- p. sim m-c-ønse hne- Iq-Snb hkvxp- -sf mw hn v s]mxp-j-p-\m-hn ebn- n- p. sim m-c-ønse ]cn-nm-c-i-scbpw \ Ø-In-amscbp sa mw At±lw ]ncn- p-hn- p. ta Xcw IpXnc-I-sfbpw AwK-c I-sc-bp-sa mw At±lw Dt]- n- p. ap Po-hn-X-Øn BUw-_cw ssisim- ncp- At±lw XnI pw efnxamb PohnXw sxcs -Sp-Øp. At±lw ]cp- hkv{x-ßƒ AWnbp-Ibpw efn-x-amb ` -W-{Iaw kzoi-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Xs kz - m-cmcpw Xs s]mxp-ap-x D]-tbm-Kn- -cp-sx v At±lw \njvi jn- p. At±lw `c-w-cw-køv ]e am -ßfpw hcp-øn. Aapkvenw {]P-I-fn \n v Ah-cpsS kwc- -W- Øn\v ]I-c-ambn CuSm- n-bn-cp "Pnkvb' F \nipxn ]cn-h ØnX apkvenwifpw \ I-W-sa v Aahn `c-w-iqsw \njv I jn- n-cp- p. Aapkv enwiƒ Iq -ambn Ckvemam-t«jn- p- Xp ImcWw JP-\mhv timjn- ptam F `oxn-bm-bn-cp p AXn- \p-im-c-ww. Da ]cn-h ØnX apkvenw Isf "Pnkvb' bn \ns m-gn-hm- p-i-bmwv BZy-ambn snbvx-xv. Ckvemw ax-{]-n-c-w-øn\v At± lw hn]pe-amb ] -Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn- p. Cu Imcy-Øn kvt\ l-øn-s bpw t{]c-w-bp-ssbpw am Kw kzoicn- m At±lw Dt]-Z-in- p. tdmam-n-{i-h Ønsb At±lw Ckvem-an-te v Wn- p-i-bp- m-bn. Xp n-ÿm Ckvemans ti{µ-am-hm Imc Ww Jeo-^-bpsS {ia-ß-fmwv. B{^n- -bnse "_ _ ' P\ kaqlw Ckvemw kzoi-cn- Xpw At±-l-Øns {]h Ø-\-^-e-am-bn-cp- p. Aaho Jeo-^-am PpapA JpXp-_-I-fn Aen(-d)-hns\ A[n-t -]n- m ]Xn-hm n bncp p; Jeo-^-ÿm-\Øv Ah-tcm-[n-X- \mb DS Xs Ahn-Sp v AXv \n Ø snbvxp. AapkvenwI-tfmSp At±-l-Øns kln-jvwp-xtbm-ss-bp s]cp-am w Ah-cpsS ax-t\-xm- -fpss {]iw-k- n-s-bm- n-sb v k txmakv A twmƒuv tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. {]Xn-tbm-Kn-Isf ASn- -a Øp- -Xn\p ]Icw kw hm-z-øn-eqss Ah-cn ]cn-h Ø- \-ap- m- p- Xn-\m-bn-cp p At± lw {ian- n-cp- - Xv. Jhm-cn- p-iƒ hnπ-h-øn-s\m-cp-ßn-b-t mƒ t]m 21

kxyzqx epw ssk\n-i-\-s-]-sn-bv p-]-icw kw`m-j-w-øns coxn-bm-bn-cp p At±lw kzoi-cn- n-cp- -Xv. Aßs\ c -s m-cn-ens At\Iw kµ `-ßƒ At±-l- Øns \b-nm-xp-cn-aqew kam-[m-\-ønepw sfiy- Ønepw Iem-in- p-i-bp- m-bn. efn-x-po-hn-x-øns ]cym-b-ambn amdnb At±lw {]nb]xv\n v ]nxmhv A_vZp aeniv \ Inb cxvt\m-]-lmcw {i -bn s]- t mƒ ]d- p: ""^mxnam -H- p-in Cu cxv\w s]mxp-j-p-\m-hn \nt - ]n- -Ww, As - n \obp-ambn th ]n-cn-bm Fs A\p-h-Zn- Ww'' F m-bn-cp- p. ""F\n v Aßv axn'' F m-bn-cp p B ]pwy-h-xn-bpss {]Xn- I-c-Ww. ]q -Im-eØv \me-]vxn-\m-bncw Zn lw kz w Pohn-X-Øn-\p-th n Nne-h-gn- n-cp At±lw tihew 2 Zn lw sim v ssz\w-zn-\-po-hnxw Ign- p- Iq- n. km[m-c-w- m v {]m]y-amb ` Ww am{xta At±lw Ign- n-cp- p- q. Hcn- Jeo-^-bpsS Hcp kplrøv At±-lsØ kµ in- m h p. kw`mj-w-at[y Da-dns tnmzyw ""Fs `cww Xm sf kt m-jn- n- p-itbm ZpxJn- n- p-itbm?'' ""P\-ßfpsS ÿnxn-tbm p-tºmƒ kt mjw Xm -fpss Ahÿ Btem-Nn- p-tºmƒ ZpxJhpw'' CXmbncp p kplr-øns adp-]-sn. `c-w-ta-s -SpØ DSs\ P\-ßsf {Iqc-ambn ]oun- n- p-i-bpw, Agn-a-Xn-bn-epw, kpj-tem-ep-]-xbnepw apßn- p-fn- p-ibpw snbvx apgp-h DtZym- K-ÿ-scbpw At±lw ]ncn phnsp-i-bp- m-bn. Kh Æ am-cpw, Icw-]n-cn-hp-Im-cpw, \ymbm-[n-] mcpsa mw Cßs\ ]ncn- p-hn-s-s - -h-cn Dƒs - n-cp- p. a ±-I-`-c-W-Øns D]-I-c-W-ß-fmbn h Øn- -hsc s]mdp- n- p-sim v Hcn- epw \oxn-bn-e-[n-jvtn-x-amb `cww ImgvN-sh- m km[y-a-s v At±lw a\- n-em- n-bn-cp- p. Hmtcm {]tz-iøpw ]pxnb Kh Æ amsc \ntbm-kn- n-cp- Xv Xt±-in-b-cpsS A`n- {]mbw Bcm- p-sim- m-bn-cp- p. At±lw Xs DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS {]h Ø-\-ßƒ \nco- n- p-sim- ncn- p-i-bpw, P\-ß-fpsS `mk-øp-\n- p Bt - ]-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n v icn-sb v I m Ahsc am m Xøm-dm-hp-Ibpw snbvxp. ax-k-ln-jvwp-x-bpss DZm-Ø -am-xr-ibpw At± lw ImgvN-sh- p-i-bp- m-bn. cmpysø apgp-h Aapkvenw ]u-c- m-tcmspw \oxn-tbmss {]h Øn- m- \pw, Ah v kwc- -W-hpw, kpc- n-x-xzhpw 22 \ Im {]txy-i-amb \nebn BPvR \ Ip-Ibp- m-bn. {InkvXym-\n-I-fpw, apkvenwifpw c v `mkß-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn- p-sim- n-cp Ua-kvI-knse ] n heo-zns `c-w-im-eøv ss{ikvx-h-{]-p-ifpss kω-x-tømss apkvenw ] n-bmbn ]p\ \n Ωn- p-i-bp- m-bn. Ccp-]-Xp-h jw th n-h p AXns ]Wn ]q Øn-bm- m. ] o-cm-bncw tpmen- m AXns \n Ωm-W-Øn ] p-h-ln- p. tdman \n p t]mepw hnz-kv[sc Cd- p-axn snbvxp. B ImeØv e`y-am-bn-cp apgp-h Ae- m-c-h-kvxp- fpw sim v Ae- -cn- -s ] n-bpss \n Ωm- W-Øn-\mbn heo-zns ImeØv Xs Hcp timsn Adp-]Xv e w Zo\m sne-h-gn- -s - -tijw kpsse-ams Ime-L- -Øn-emWv ]q Øn-bm-b-Xv. B Ime-L- -Ønse G hpw hepxpw alm- p-x-hp-am-bncp p {]kvxpx ] n!! Da C_v\p A_vZn Akokv Jeo-^-bm-b-tXmsS ss{ikvx-h-k-aqlw At±-lsØ kao-]n v N v ]p-\ \n Ωn v \ I- W-sa v Bh-iy-s - p. heo-zns ImeØv \n - n-x-am-bmwv Rß-fXv hn p-sim-sp-ø-sx v hmzn- p-ibpw snbvxp. apkvenwi-fpss A`n-am-\-tl-Xp- Ihpamb ] n s]mfn p N v \n Ωn- pi! ` - \mb apkvenw `c-wm-[n-im-cn-bpss apºn D -bn- s Bh-iy-am-WnXv!! Hcp `c-wm-[n-imcn t\cn-sm-hp- -Xn G hpw i -amb ]co- -Ww. F m \oxnam-\mb Jeo^ ] n s]mfn p N v ]p\ \n Ωn- m DØ-c-hn-Sp p!! apkvenw hnimcw Ht m Øp t\m p-i. ]s Jeo^ AhcpsS kω ±-Øn\v hg-ßmsx Xocp-am-\-Øn Dd- p-\n- p. (]n- osv apkvenwiƒ {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-ambn k n-bn-te s - p. {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ \ne-]msp am n-b-xns\ XpS v {]kvxpx Xocp-am\w d±m- -s - p) Da-dp_v\p A_vZp Ako-kns kln-jvwp-x-bp-ssbpw \oxnbp-ssbpw amxr-i-iƒ sim v Ncn-{X-Øm-fp-Iƒ \nd- p-in-s- p- p-sh- nepw Cu kw`-h-øn-\- pdw IqSp-X D -cn-t Bh-iy-apt m B alms DZm-Ø-amb amxr-i-iƒ {]Im-in-X-am-hm. hnzym-`ym-k-cw-køpw At± lw {]txyiw {i ]Xn- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. ]fin-x- msc At±lw _lpam-\n- p-ibpw Xs Z _m-dn Ah v {]txyi ÿm\w \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. hnzym n-isf t{]m m-ln- n- p-i-bpw, Ncn-{X-Øn Xs BZy- (tijw 42- ) 198

2009 sabv heozv AlvaZv {InkvXy anj-\-dn-am-cpss B{I-a-Whpw hmkvzø ako-lns {]Xn-tcm-[-hpw (Xp-S ) C ysb apgp-h {InkvXp-a-X-Øn-te v ]cn-h Ø\w snøpw F v {]Jym-]n {InkvXy anj-\-dn-am lzvdøv AlvaZns hmz-ap-j-ßsf {]Xn-tcm-[n- m-\m-hmsx ]cm-pbw kω-xn v ]n hm-ßp-i-bm-bn-cp p hn-ip- -bp w Ckvemw ax-øns A- ym-]- \-ßƒs -Xnsc bp hna i-\- ßƒ v adp-]sn ]d- p-sim v hmkvzø akolv \nc-h[n kwhm- Z-ß-fn ]s -Sp- p-i-bp- m-bn. AXn-sem-cmƒ A_vZp m BYnw Bbn-cp- p. BYnw Hcp tbmky- \mb anjn-\-dn-bm-bn-cp- n-. At±lw Hcp dn -tb Uv Kh sa p-tzym-k-ÿ am{x-am-bn-cp- p. At±-l-Øn\v thz-]p-kvx-isø kw_- n v kq va-amb Ah- Kmlw D m-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v Aar-Xvk-dnse {InkvXy anj kwhm-z-øn {InkvXp-a-XsØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p-sim v {InkvXpa-XsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n- m\pw Ckv emans\ hna in- m\pw D ZuXyw At±-lsØ G n- p-ibp- m-bn. 1893emWv ]mxncn BYnap-am-bp kwhmzw \S Xv. sabv amkw 22 apx Pq 5 hsc AXv XpS p. B kwhmzw \S- Xv sl {Sn am n m ns hk-xn-bn sh m-bn-cp- p. kwhm-z-øn\v \nb-a-ßfpw 199 \n_- -\-Ifpw \n -bn- p-ibpw Fgp-Xn- X-øm-dm- nb tej-\-ßƒ ssiam-d-p-ibpw sn bvxp. Cu tcj- Iƒ ]n osv "spwsk-ap-j-±kv' AYhm "hnip bp w' F t]cn {]kn- o-i-cn- p-i-bp- mbn. Ckvemw ax-øn-t bpw {In kvxp-a-x-øn-t bpw aqeysø ] nbp Hcp Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\-am-bncp p AXv. hmkvzø ako-lns hmz-ap-j-ßƒ A\n-tj-[yhpw hf sc bp n-`-{z-hp-am-bn-cp p. Cu kwhm-z-im-e-b-f-hn \nc-h[n t] AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-te v {]th-in- p-i-bp- m-bn. Cu kwhm-z-th-f-bn hmkv ZØ ako-lns\ ]cn-l-kn- m tum: Ivfm p At±-l-Øns kwlhpw aq v Bfp-Isf Ahn ss sim p-h- p. Hcmƒ aps- \pw as m-cmƒ A \pw aq m-a-søbmƒ _[n-c-\p-am-bn-cp- p. Aß s\ Ah hmkvzø ako-ln-t\m- Smbn ]d- p. tbip-hns c mw hc-hns ]q Øo-I-c-W-amWv Xm -fn-eqss kw`hn- -sx- n tbip ImWn AtX Znhym- pxw Xm fpw Imt nbn-cn- p p. AXm-bXv aqi-s\bpw A - s\bpw _[n-c-s\bpw Xm ƒ kpj-s -Sp-Øp-sa v tum. m pw {]`rxnifpw ]d- p. \ninx _p nbpw h{ptø- mƒ Iq Ω-X-bp- -Xp-am-bn-cp p hmkv ZØ ako-lns hm p-iƒ. At±lw ]d p "kphn-ti-j-ßfmwv tbip-hns\ ] n AØcw Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßƒ D -bn- p- - Xv. Rms\m-cn- epw AØcw Znhym- p-x-ßƒ tbip-hn-\p s v ]d-bp- n-. am{x-a hmkv ZØ akolv as mcp a Ω-{]-[m-\- amb hmzw IqSn Ah-X-cn- n- p. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ ]d-bp- Xv Hcp ISpIv awn-xq- -sa- nepw hnizm kw Hcm-fn Ds - n Abmƒ v kv] i-\-am-{x-bn tcmknsb kpj-s -Sp-Øm\pw henb Znhym- p-x-ßƒ ImWn- m\pw km[n- p-sa- m-wv. ss n-fn ]d Cu Imcyw ]co- n- p-t\m- m CXmWv ] nb kµ `w. aps- -cpw, A -\pw, _[n-c-\p-amb Ch-cn tcmk-i-a\w hcpøn ss nƒ 23

kxyzqx hnizm-kn-i-fmb \nß-fmwv hn izmkw sxfn-bn-t - -Xv. CXv ti am-{x-bn anj-\-dn-am e n v ]n am-dp-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. Cu kwhmzw {ihn ]e Aapkvenw Ifpw ]n osv Ckvemw axw hnizkn- p-i-bm-wp- - m-b-xv. AØ-c-Øn Ckvemans biv Db Øn- n-sn- m kwhm- Z-ß-fnepw N -I-fnepw ]s -Sp- ØXv IqSmsX hmkvzø akolv Nne elp-te-j-ifpw ]pkvx-ißfpw {]kn- o-i-cn- p-i-bp-b- mbn. Ckmesb Hulmw, ^Xvsl Ckvemw, akolv lnµp-ÿm sa, Abv\sb Iam-emsØ Ckvemw, Xuknsl admw. Ch-sb mw Xs {InkvXy anj-\-dn-am-cpss Ckvem an-s\-xn-sc-bp hna i-\- ßƒ p adp-]-sn-bm-wv. Nne-t mƒ hmkvzø akoln\v adp-]-sn- p Nne tnmzymh-en-iƒ e`n- n-cp- p. Hcp {Inkv Xym-\n-bm-bn-cp A_vZp m sp bnwkv Ckvemans\Xnsc D -bn Bt -]-ßƒ v adp-]-sn-bmbn A p-a lnam-bsø Ckvemw Hcp k p-e hnx-cww snøp- I-bp- m-bn. {]kvxpx Bt -]- ßƒs Xnsc hmkvzø akolv \ Inb adp-]snbmbn-cp p AXv. 24 tbip {]Ir-Xn-km-[m-c-W-amb coxn-bn acn- p-t]mbn F v ÿm]n- p-sim v At±-l-Øns ZnhyXzw hn]m-s\w snbvx hmkv ZØ akolv "Ipcn-ins\ DS pw' F {]hn\w ]q Øn-bm- p-ibp- m-bn. "Ipcn-ins\ DS pw' F Cu {]h-n\w A -am- p- Xv hmkvz-ø -a-ko- -lv Ah-X-cn v tbip-hns ac-wsø kw_- n {]Jym-]-\-Øn\v tijw imkv{x kmt -XnI ]ptcm-k-xnbpss ^e-ambn Cu hnizmkw `mhn-bn Ncn-{X-Øn \n pw XpS- p-\o- -s -Sp-sa- m-wv. 20 Dw 21 Dw \q m- p-iƒ Cu Hcp bmym yw icn-bm-sw v sxfnbn- p-sim- n-cn- p p. tbiphns ZnhyXzw P\-tIm-Sn-I-fpsS hnizm-k-øn \n pw t]mbv adbp-ibpw B[p-\nI imkv{x Kthj-W-Øns ^e-ambn At±-l- Øns acww kpÿm-]n-x-am-hp- Ibpw snøpw. CubSpØ Ime- ØmWv \mev Kth-j-I- m tbip Ipcn-in \n pw c -s p F A\n-tj-[y-amb imkv{xob sxfnhp-iƒ \nc-øn-s m v ka n- -Xv. hmkvzø akolv Zim-_vZßƒ v apºv sxfn-bn- p-im- n-bxv t]mse tbip-hns I_ Imivao-cn-em-sW v Ah Nq n- m- p-i-bp- m-bn. Imw{_n-UvPn tamtu {InkvXy bqwn-bs ktω-f-\- Øn sk vt]mfnse Uo Bb U_vfn B amxyqkv 1935 \S-Ønb {]kvxm-h\ tcj-s - -Xm- Wv. Cu cmpysø 20 ix-am-\-øne-[niw Bfp-Iƒ "{InkvXym-\n- Iƒ' F p ]d-bm-\p tbmky- X-bp- -Xmbn Rm hniz-kn- p- n- F m-bn-cp p amxyq-kns {]kvxm-h-\. CXv icn-bm-sw- n {InkvXpaX hnizm-kni-fpss FÆw Xptemw Ipd- n-cn- p- p. Hcp-ImeØv C y apgp-h {InkvXp-aXw {]N-cn- n- m\mbn-cp- p. N v anj-\dn skmssk n Xocp-am-\n- Xv. C v {InkvXp-a-XØns A ym-]-\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS CS-bn Xs Hcp sndp-kw-l-øn Xs {]mh Øn-I-am- p- -Xn ]cm-p-b-s - n-cn- p- p. hmkvzø ako-lns hc-thm-sp-iqsn kw`-hn- Xv Fs m-c- p-x-i-c-amb ]cnh Ø\w! Ckvemans\ {]Xn-tcm-[n- p- -Xn hmkvzø akolv snbvx tkh-\-ßƒ \ap v ]Tn- m Ign-bp- -Xn-t\- mƒ A[n-I-am-Wv. Ckveman-t\bpw AXns ÿm]- I-c-amb dkq Xncp-ta-\n-(k) tbbpw AKm-[-ambn kvt\ln- p- -h v Ckveman-s\-Xn-sc-bp {InkvXy anj-\-dn-am-cpss Cu {Iqchpw hymp-hp-amb Zpcm-tcm-]- W-ßƒ Ak-l-\o-bhpw thz-\m- P-\-I-hp-am-bn-cp- p. Ah-cp-ambp G p-ap- -en hmkvzø akolv shsn-bp- -I-tftbm hmfnt\tbm B{i-bn- n-. At±lw sxcp-hn tπ m Upambn Cdßn, apjvsn- Np-cp n kwlm-cm-fl-iamb kacw \S-Øp-Itbm snbvxn-. Ah-k-c-Øn-\-\p-k-cn v At±l-Øns A m-lp-hns klm-btømss Xs [nj-wm-ti-jnbpw hnth-ihpw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øn Xqen-I-bn-eqsS bp nbpw hmz-ap-jßfpw Ah-X-cn- n v Ckvemans A\-iz-c\mb tpxm-hm-bn. C v AØ-c-Øn-ep B{Ia-W-amWv {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS t]m mb t]m v s_\-univ pw a p- -hcpw \S-Øn-s m- n-cn- p- -Xv. AØcw hna i-\-ß-fp- m-ip Ah-k-c-Øn Xqen-Ibpw {]m -\bpw aptj\ hmkvzø akolv snbvx-sx- mtwm B {]h Ø-\-ßƒ XpS-ßm \mapw _m y-ÿ-cm-wv. Ckvemans\ hn]m-s\w snøm-\p AØcw {ia-ßsf hnp-b-i-c-ambn {]Xn-tcm- [n- m\pw Ckv emans BtKm-fhn-Pbw Dd- m- m\pw hmkvzø ako-lns am -Øn IqSntb km[y-am-hp-i-bp- q. 200

- 2009 sabv G.-Iyp. alvzn tbip-{inkvxp Iivao-cnse _p -hn-lm-c-øn PΩp-Im-ivao-cnse tebnse tbip kµ in _p -hn-lm-c-øn-te- p tej-is bm{xm-hn-h-cww Iivao temisø G hpw at\m-l-c-amb `q{]-tziw {io\-k hnam-\ømh-f- Øn\p ]pdøv IS- p-tºmƒ Ihm-S-Øn Hcp t_m Uv ÿm]n- n- p- v. Welcome to the paradise on earth F v `qanbnse kz Øntebv v kzmkxw! bmym y-øn ]q Ækv] i-ap Hcp ktµ-i-hm-n-iam-wn-xv. B Ihm-S-Øn\v ]pdx- Øn-dßn Iivao Xmgvhc kµ in- p B pw CXp t_m[y-amhp-ibpw snøpw. temisø Xs G hpw kpµ-c-amb Cu `q{]-tz-isø n-bp kqn\ Bap-J-ambn \ In-s m- mwv Rm\o tej\kr-jvsn-bn-te v Im sh-bv p- -Xv. `qan-im-kv{x-]-c-ambn C ym alm-cm-py-øns hs p-in-gt aqe-bn \ΩpsS Ab cm-py-amb ]min-kvxm-t\msv tn v sxm p-cp- Ωn- n-s- p Cu kz-]v\-`qan bmwv Iivao. \n `m-ky-h- -im ]e-xpsim pw C v Iivao {]iv\-k- o W-am-Wv. ]min-ÿm\pw \mapw XΩn Cusbmcp aæn-\mbn t]mcm-sm XpS-ßn-bn v Imew Ac 201 \q m- n-te-sd-bm-ip- p. apgp-tem-i-søbpw sh p-hnfn- p Hcp ax-k- -hp-ambn _ -s v \mw AlvaZn-Isf kw _- n- n-stømfw {]Ir-Xn-ku-µcyØns hmkvz-ø-`q-an-bmb Iivao Hcp kp{]-[m\ sxfnhmbn C v \ne-\n p- p- v. Cu ÿe-øns B Hcp {]txy- IX temisø t_m[y-s Sp tø hnizm-k-]-c-amb Npa-Xe C v AlvaZn-I-fn \n n-]vxam-wv. Iivao-cnepw PΩp-hnepw C v AlvaZn-Iƒ v ] n-ifpw Pam- -A- Øp-I-fp-ap- v. \ΩpsS, IqSp-X i -amb km n yw D Xv {io\-k Bÿm-\-amb apkvenw Iƒ Xnßn- m p Iivao-cn emwv. Bbn-c- -W- n\v AwK-_- e-ap Pam-A-Øp-Iƒ \ap v {io\-k-dnepw ]cn-k-c-{]-tz-i-ß-fnep-ap- v. PΩp- -I-ivao-cnse te (LEH) F Hcp ÿe-sø- - n-bmwv Ct mƒ Rm\n-hnsS ]d-bm XpSßp- -Xv. Fhn-sS-bmWv te bpss ÿm\w...? Iivao Xmgvhmc-amb {io\- K-dn \n v tebn-tebv v 434 In.- ao- hgn-zq-c-ap- v. GI-tZiw PΩp-hns hs- p-]-sn- mdv `mk- ØmWv te F Cu sim p-]- - Ww. su ln-bn \n v t\cn- msw- n 1047 In.-ao- Zqcw ChntS-bv v. bp -hm Ø-I-fn-eqsS \ap v ]cn-nn-x-amb Im Kn Cu ÿe-øn\v Ipd- -Sp-ØmWv, GItZiw 234 In.ao am{xw AI-se. su ln-bn \n pw Hcp awn- qdpw Ccp-]Xp an\n pw ]d- m te Fb t]m n-en-d-ßmw. te bnse Hcp {][m\ _p hn-lmc ti{µ-amb slankv F ÿe-sø- - n-bmwv C\n Rm ]d-bm t]mip- -Xv. slan-kn-eqsstb F\n v hnj-b-øn-te v IS- p-h-cm-\m-hq. sndp Sn_ v AYhm (LITTLE TIBET) F -dn-b-s -Sp te, Hcp _p -ax ti{µ-am-wv. Fßpw _p -hn-lm-c-ßfpw kvxq]-ßfpw {]m -\m-]-xm-i-ifpw \nd ÿew. sadq hkv{x-ß-f-wn _p -k-\ym-kn-i-sfbpw Ip p-em-a-i-sfbpsams [mcmf-ambn ChnsS ImWp-tºmƒ Cu ÿe-øns _p -ax {]m[m-\y- Øns Hcp cq]-tcj \ap p In pw. 25

- kxyzqx at\m-l-c-amb C y- -ssn\ kulr-z-]m-x-bn-eq-ss-bmwv (INDO CHINA FRIENDSHIP ROAD) te bn \n pw slankn-te-bv p bm{x XpS-ßp- -Xv. ] -X-ßƒ p- n IpSp-ßn- n- S- p Cu sndp-]- -W-Øn Fßpw a ns sh ] p-hncn- n-cn- p- Xv ImWmw. ] X ]m iz-ß-fn B{]n-t m v ac- Øns inj-c-ß-fn, hgn-tbm-cß-fn, hml-\-ß-fn Hs a ns ]px- p-iƒ Xs. XWp- p-sim v X n-te v Npcpßn-\-S- p {KmaoW P\-ßƒ. Ah-cp-sS-sbms PohnXw hfsc sshin-bmwv DW-cp- -Xv. aßnb ]I-ep-I-fn-eqsS simspw-x-wp- nte v XmWp-t]m-Ip- -XmWv Chn- SpsØ k y-iƒ. tdmun-eqss bm{x snøptºmƒ ] -X-s -cn-hp-i-fn-tebv v IÆp-]m-bn- m Ahn-S-ß-fnsems simøn-h- -Xp-t]m-ep _p -hn-lm-c-ßƒ. Gsd- psd GIm- -`m-h-øn-emwv Ahsbms \ne-sim- p- -Xpw. te bn \n pw slan-kn-te- p bm{x XpS-cp-tºmƒ kvxw`n- p-\n p ] -X-ß-fpsS a p-aq-sn- n-s- p ]cn-k-c-zr-iyß-fn-eq-ss-bmhpw \mw IS- p-t]mhp-i. Nne-bn-S-ß-fn-em-I-s, ] - p p \n-d v \oe-s m-bvi-bp Pem-i-b-ßƒ ImWmw. CS-bv nss _p -ax {]m -\m-cw-k-ßƒ simønb Icn- q- -ßfpw Ahbv v AI-ºSn tkhn- p- p- m-hpw. slan-kn-te v t]mipw-h-gnbmwv Imcp F sndp-]- -Ww. Cu {]tziw apgp-h \ΩpsS Ictk-\-bpsS _mc- p-i-fm-wv. t]m- 26 Ipw-hgn ]osn-i-øn-æ-i-fnepw hgntbm-c-ß-fn-ep-sa mw howp-in- nb shbn Øp- n-i-fm \\ p XWpØ icocw NqSp-]n-Sn- n- p kv{xo]p-cp-j- msc ImWm Ignbpw. Cdp-Inb IÆp-Ifpw Ip n-ap- Sn-bpap Ip niƒ, \nc-øn-\n-cph-ihpw NS- n-cn- p- Xv IuXp- I-I-c-amb ImgvN Xs -bm-wv. amxr-`qan ]{X-ÿm-]-\-Øn\v "bm{x' F t]cn Hcp at\mlc {]kn- o-i-c-w-ap- v. Hcp sszz am-kn-i. hfsc \ne-hm-c-ap Hcp B\p-Im-en-I-am-Wn-Xv. apgp-h-\mbn B vt]- -dn If {]n nw-kn Xøm-dm- p Cu amk-kn-\n hnhn[ tzi-ß-fn-te-bv p bm {X-Isf ] n hfsc D -Xhpw hy Xy-kvXhpw hni-z-hp-amb dnt m v tej-\-ßƒ t^mt m-{km-^p-i-fpss AI-º-Sn-tbmsS {]kn- o-i-cn- p- p- v. Fs -t m-se-bp k mc-t{]-an-iƒ v CsXmcp bm{xmsskuv _p n\v Xpey-am-Wv. 50 cq]-bmwv Hcp tim n-bpss hne. C y-bn {]kn- o-i-cn- p ]e bm{xm-{]-kn- o-i-c-w-ß-fp-ssbpw hcn- m-c-\mwv Rms\- nepw ti hew Bdv amkw apºv am{xw sh fn w I p-xp-s-ßnb Cu amxr- `qan bm{x-am-kn-isb Ah-bn \ns mw D X ÿm\øv {]XnjvTn- m B{K-ln- p- p. kaq-l-ønse {]i-kvx-cmb ]e pw ]q Æ-amb bm{xm-ku- I-cy-sam-cp n Ah-tcm-sSm w ]{X- Øns tej-i\pw t^mt m-{km- ^dpw bm{x snbvxv Xøm-dm- p Nne A]q k m-c-te-j-\-ßƒ Cu sszzam-kn-i-bn ImWm-dp- v. G hpw ]pxnb P\p-hcn/s^{_phcn e -sø- - n-bmwv ChnsS ]cm-a in- p- -Xv. Cu e -Øn-tebv p amkn-ibv v th n k mcw \SØn-b-Xv, tic-f- Ønse Hcp hn.-sf.-]n. Bbn-cp- p. Hcp {]ikvx hy n, At±l-Øns k m-c-hn-ti-j-amwv {]kn- -cpss hn`m-k-øn C pdn Dƒs -Sp-Ø-s - n-cp- -Xv. _p t\mspw _p -a-x-tøm-sp-ap B`n-apJyw aqe-amwv Cu bm{xbn GsX- nepw {]ikvx _p hn-lmcw kµ in- -W-sa v Xm Xocp-am-\n- -sx v At±lw ]d-bp- p. amc-i-amb XWp pimew Cu `q{]-tz-i-søbpw P\-X-sbbpw hngp-ßm XpS-ßp- -Xns BZy- L- -ß-fn-semcp \mfn-emwv At±lhpw Iq cpw te bpw XpS v slankpw kµ in- p- -Xv. C\n ]n n-sp Nne amk-ßƒ p- n Cu Iivao {]tz-i-amsi a n ]px- n-\p- n \n -eambn Dd-ßn-t m-ipw. hgn-isfms AS-bpw. \Zn-Iƒ Dd-bpw. ac-ßƒ \ -am-ipw. CsXm-s -bmsw- nepw a\p-jy AXn-s\- Xnsc t]mc-sn p \n pw. ASp Ø Bdp amk- mew kpj-ambn Pohn- m-\m-bn. CØcw ITn-\-am-sbmcp {]Ir- Xn-am- w, temiøv G hpw \ Imem-h-ÿ-bm A\p-{K-ln- s ticf \nhm-kn-i-fmb \ap v Xo Øpw A\y-ambn txm n-bm sx pw A p-x-s -Sm hi-bn-. Imcp Aßm-Sn-bn \n v kn p-\-zn p IpdpsI ]WnX IdpØ Ccp-ºp-]mew IS- m slan-kn-te-bv p ae-ºm-x-iƒ XpS-ßp-I-bm-bn. CSp-ßnb Hcp hgn-bn-eqss Atß-b- Øv ka-x-e-øn \n v A w api-fn-tebv v Ib-dn-bm Iq ]md-s - p-iƒ p \Sp-hn- 202

emwv slan-knse Cu ]pcm-x\ hnlm-cw. ] -X-Øns ]cp- {]X-e-Øn ISpw-Nmbw txbvn ac-ßfpw I pw tn Øp ]Wn-X- XmWv Cu _p- -hn-lm-cw. Npa-cn Zo L-amb _p -{]m -\m-n-{ißƒ ImWmw. Hcp \mep-si- ns \Sp-ap- w-t]mse txm n- p Cu NXp-cØn\p Np p-ap axn-ep-ifn ]mxn-bn-e-[niw am p-t]mb _p -ax Npa Nn-{X-ßƒ Ct m-gpap- v. C\n, Rm ssa v, amxr-`-qan kwl-tøm-ssm w bm{x-snbvx B {]ikvx hy nbv p ssiamdp- p. At±lw ]d-b-s. B hm p-i-fnse Hcp kp{]-[m\ `mkw AlvaZn-I-fmb \mw {]txyiw {i n-t - -Xp- v. AXnse ktµihpw Bi-bhpw \ap p temitømsp hnfn p ]d-bm-\p- -Xm-Wv. At±-l-Øns cwk-hn-h-cww ChnsS Bcw-`n- p- p. ""Rßƒ p ap n kz Æ- Øn Xnf-ßp _p -hn-{k-lw. \neøv \of-øn C Dbcw Ipd Hcp tai-bpw, {]m n p ]gin GSp-Iƒ ]dn- pt]mb {]m -\m-{k-ÿ-ß-f-pw. sxm - p-døv GsXm-s tbm Ccp p apdn-i-fn-tebv v Ib-dn-t m- Ip I n tkmh-wn-iƒ. AXn- \p- n si n-\n p ]g-inb hmbp-hns aww. {]apj _p -ax Xo m-s\ ti{µw F -Xn-ep-]cn slankv {]i-kvx-am-hp- Xv as mcp hnhm- Z-kw-`-h-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv; tbip-{inkvxp-hns "kµ i\'øneqss! 1981- Cu hnlmcw kµ in v Ipd- p-zn-hkw Xma-kn v \nt m-fmkv t\mt m-hn v F djy bm{xn-is hnh-c-w-øneq-ss-bmwv. hnhm-z-]-c-amb Xs Xma-k-Im-eØv apjy-ema \q m- p- I-fmbn kq n Nne {K-Ÿ-ßƒ ImWn- p-sim-sp-sø pw AXn Cui (ISA) F t]cn Hcmƒ ChnsS h v Xma-kn- n-cp- psh pw tcj-s -Sp-Ønb Imcyw At±lw 'Unknown Life of Jesus Christ' F Xs timfn-f w krjvsn ]pkvx-i-øn Fgp-Xn. ]n osv 1927- slankv kµ in kzman At`-Zm-\-µ Xs "Journey into Kashmir and ]pdw-]-in- hne-bn-cp-tø- Xv 2009 sabv Tibet' F {KŸ-Øn CXp icnh- p. tlm K Igvk Fgp- Xnb 'Jesus lived in India' F {KŸw Cu hnj-øn-ep ka-{kamb Hc-t\z-j-W-am-Wv. Ipcn-im-tcml-WØn Pokkv acn- n-s pw At±lw Sn_ v hgn Chn-sS-sb-Ønsb pw Iivao-cn h v hm -Iy- Øn acn- p-sh- p-amwv Cu At\z-j-I hmzn- p Xv. slankv hnlmcw kµ in- p hntz-in-i-fn hen-sbmcp hn`mkw Cu hnizm-k-øn FØn-tN-cp- -h-cm-wv. F m C mcyw IuXp-I-Øn-\p-th n At\z-jn- -t mƒ F m ema-amcpw Htc kzc-øn ]d p: 'We dont' know' B adp-]-sn-bn A w `-bhpw Ie n-cp- pthm F p kwi-bw. Xo -bmbpw hnlm-c-sø, ] -X-ßƒ am{x-a-, GsXm-s tbm \nkq-v-xbpw hebw snbvxp \n p- v.'' C{Xbpw `mk-ß-fmwv tbip- {InkvXp Iivao-cn h p h^m- Ømbn F Xp kw_- -am-bp ]cm-a i-\-ßƒ. CXp ]d hy n, Hcp lnµp-k-tlm-z-c-\mssw- Xpw Hm p-i. klvev (d) \n p \nth-z\w: Hcn- Hcp kº- Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS kao-]øp IqsS t]mbn. A-t cw Ahn-Sp v tnmzn p: "" Cu a\p-jy-s\- n \nß-fpss A`n-{]m-b-sa- mwv? Ah ]d p: "At±lw Hcp Xd-hm- n hnhm-lm-tem-n\ \S-Øn-bm At±-l-Øn\v hnhmlw sn-bvxp-sim-sp- pw. At±lw h Imcy-Ønepw ip]m i snbvxm B ip]m i kzoi-cn- -s Spw; A-t±lw h Xpw kwkm-cn- m AXv a p- -h-sc mw {i n- pw. ""]ns Aev]-k-abw Xncp-ta-\n(-k) au\w ]men- p. At mƒ AXn-eqsS Hcp apkvenw Zcn-{Z IS- pt]m-bn. Xncp-ta-\n(-k) tnmzn- p. "Ct±-lsØ ] n \nß-fpss A`n-{]m-b-sa- m-wv? Ah ]d p: "At±lw hnhm-lm-tem-n\ \S-Øn-bm Bcpw hnhmlw Ign- p-sim-sp- -bn-. ip]m i snbvxm Bcpw AXv kzoi-cn- p-i-bn-. Fs - nepw ]d- m Bcpw AXv {i n- p-i-bpan-.'' At cw Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Acp-fn: ""BZyw t]mb-hs\t]m-ep h `qan \ndsb Ds - nepw Ah-sc- m-sf mw DØ-a Cubm-fmWv''. (_p-jm-cn) 203 27

kxyzqx tp _v si ^nen v sim n-bn \ns mcp kphn-tijw tbiphn\p apºp-xs PqX- m ae-_m {]tz-iøv Pohn- n-cp- p. ss nƒ ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn ]cm-a in Z i-i-\mb KmZns ]pkvx- I-Øns `mk-ßƒ Dƒs m- p ]ucm-wni ]Xn v sim n-bn \n p- amwv e`n- Xv F m ZmhoZv cmpm-hns BZysØ hyøm- -ßfpw Ah cmpy-`mcw Hs bpw Ahs ]cm-{i-a-{]-hr-øn-ifpw Ah\pw bn{km-tb-en\pw A\y- tz-i-ß-fnse ki-e-cm-py-ßƒ pw `hn Iem-K-Xn-Ifpw Z i- I-\mb iap-th-ens hrøm- - Ønepw \mym {]hm-n-is ]pkvxi-ønepw Z i-i-\mb KmZns hrøm- -Ønepw Fgp- Xn-bn-cn- p- p-ht m. Zn\-hr-Øm w H mw ]pkvxiw 29- mw A[ymbw 29- mw hmiyw. ss nƒ {InkvXp-hn\p ]Øp \q m- p-ap ]v C{km-tb-ens cmpmhm-bn-cp Zmho-Zns `c-w-im-e- Øns Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fn-sem- mb iaq-th-ens ]pkvxiw ss nfn ]gb \nb-a-øn-ep- v. F m Z i-i-\mb KmZns ]pkvx-ihpw \mym {]hm-n- Is ]pkvx-ihpw FhnsS? \q m- p-i-fmbn temi-sa-ßp-ap thzim-kv{xpvrcpw Ncn-{X-Im-c- mcpw tnmzn- p-sim- n-cp tnmzy-øn\v 28 HSp-hn Hcp DØcw In n. sim n-bn \n- v. 31 \q m- p-ap ]p a[y-]q htz-iøv Fgp-Xs KmZv Z i- Is ]pkvxiw sxt C ybnse tic-f-øn-ep sim n F Adn-b-s -SmØ ÿe-øp- \n p I p-in n F h Øam\w {]N-cn- p-xp-s-ßn-bxp ]Xns\ mw \q m- n-em-bn-cp- p. U v CuÃv C ym Iº\n kntem-wn (C sø {ioe- )bn tpmen snbvxn-cp amgvkn-ekv sªkv F m n \n mwp kw`-h-ß-fpss XpS- w. sim n-bnse PqX-k-aq-l-Ønse entbm-t]muv CΩm-\p-h tp _v hm tum v Fs mcmsf amgvkn-e-kn\p ]cn-n-b-ap- mbn-cp- p. 1757 GtXm Hcp Znhkw entbm-t]muv amgvkn-ekn\p Hcp clkyw ImWn- p-sim- Sp-Øp. PqX-k-aq-l-Øns Imc-Wh `{K-ambn kq n- n-cp Hcp ]pkvx-i- p-cpƒ Bcp-a-dn-bmsX ]I Øn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn-cp p AXv. hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap Ft m tcj-bmwv F p txm nb entbm-t]muv AXv U v `mj-bn-te v samgn-am w \S-Øp- Ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. F m-bmepw amgvkn-ekv AXp hmßn-s m- p-t]m-bn. ]n osp ap -Xp-sIm- -tø v Bcpw Cu ]pkvx-i-sø- n H pw ti n-cp- n-. 1787 dqøvkv Fs m-cm-fns ] ]pkvxiw FØn-s - p. At±lw AXv P a `mj-bn-te p X Pa snbvxp. IqSmsX A m-esø {]ikvx ]pkvxi {]km-[-i-cmb Fbv tjm _nªn-tbm-sø- p-im v Ab- p-sim-sp- p-ibpw snbvxp. Iº\n DS-a-bmb sp.-pn.-f-bv tjm ]pkvxiw hmbn v Aºc- p. 28 \p m- p-i-fmbn temiw Xnc-bp KmZv Z i-is ]p kvxiw! Fbvtjm P a `mjbn {]kn- o-i-cn ]pkvxiw hmbn At\-Icpw CtX t]mse Xs Aº-c p. Xma-kn-bmsX \^vømen slgvkn shkven Fs mcp PqX-]-WvUn-X AXv ln{_p-`m-j-bn-te v X Pa sn bvxp. Cu lo{_p ]Xn- n \n 204

mwp ]pkvx-i-øns Cw ojv `mjm- cw D m-ip- -Xv. lo{_p- -U- v- -P a - -lo-{_p- -Cw- ojv F A]q h-amb `mjm- c {]{In-b-bn-eqsS IS- ph Cu ]pkvxiw sim n-bn-se- Øn-b-sX-ßs\? sim n-bnse PqX-cn Hcp-Iq- -cpss ap ap-d- m a[y-]q h-tzisø ia-cy-bn \n p h -hcmwv F hnizm-k-amwv DØ-cw. Is -Øm XpW-bm-b-Xv. Akodn-b cmpm-hm-bn-cp jm ams\ sk, Fem-bpsS ai-\mb tlm ti-b-bpss ImeØp iacy Iog-S- n-b-t mƒ (cmpm- - m-cpss c mw ]pkvxiw ]Xn-t\gmw A[ymbw H mw hmiyw) 460 PqXsc -sb-sa-\n-te v \msp-i-s-øn-bncp p. hnzq-chpw A m-x-hp-amb tzisø Zpcn-X-ß-fn-te- p bm{x-bnepw hnip- -]p-kvx-i-ßƒ Ah H w sim p-t]m-bn. tamsi-bpss txmd, tpzmjzm-bpss ]pkvx-iw, cqøns ]pkvx-iw, \ymbm-[n-]- m-cpss ]pkvi-xw, iap-th-ens H pw c pw ]p kvi-xw, item-tams KoX-ßƒ, kzr-i-hm-iy-ßƒ, k`m-{]-kw-kn, Ctøm-_n-s ]pkvx-iw, tbm\mbpss ]pkvx-iw, biøm {]hm- NIs ]pkvxiw F nh Iq SmsX KmZv, \mym, ia-ø, AlnPm F n-h-cpss {]h-n-\- ßfpw A q- -Øn-ep- m-bn-cp- p. sba-\n h v Cu ]pkvx-ißƒ F mw cmpmhp ]nsn-s -SpØ ]n osp ]Øp-sIm- -Øn-\p-ti-jamWp XncnsI simsp- p- -Xv. 500 sim -ßƒ IS- p-t]m-bn. t{]mtkmw cmpmhv sba-\nse PqXsc ho pw \msp-i-s-øn. Nne C y-bnse ]psw-bnepw 205 KpP-dm-Ønepw ]ns ae-_m-dn-epsa-øn. G hpw lrzy-amb kzoicww e`n- Xp ae-_m-dn \n p Xs -bm-bn-cp- p. sim n-bn cmpmhp \ Inb kvyeøp ]m p-d- n PqXcpsS ] ta -d ]pkvx- I-ßƒ F mw D m-bn-cpt m? B pw Adn-bn-. F m entbm-t]muv F PqX ]I Øn-sb-SpØ ]pkvxiw KmZv Z i- I Fgp-Xnb hn-\-ßƒ Xs bmwv F p hniz-kn- n-cp- -h PqX-k-aq-l-Øn Gsd-bm-bncp p. Zn\-hr-Øm w 29-:29 am {Xta KmZv Z i-is ]pkvx-isø- n ]cm-a i-ap- p-sh- nepw KmZv Z i-i-s\- n ]g-b-\n-a-b- Øn c n-s-øp-iqsn ]c-am in- p- p- v. Zn\-hr-Øm w H mw ]pkvx-i-øn Xs 21- mw A[ymbw 9,11,13 hmiy-ß-fnepw iaq-th {]hm-n-is H mw ]pkvxiw 23- mw A[ymbw A mw hmiy-ønepw sim n-bn \n v Is -SpØ ]pkvxiw lo{_p-hnepw Cw ojnepw {]kn- o-i-cn- -s - -txm ssbmwv temi-saßpw At\Iw thz-im-kv{x- -cp-ssbpw Ncn-{X- Im-c- m-cp-ssbpw kq v -a-amb A]- {KY-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-wv. {In kvxp-hn\p ]Øp \p m- p-ap ]p cnn- -s ]pkvx-i-øns bym Y ]I p-x-s -bmtwm CsX- m-bn-cp p Kth-j-I-cpsS apjy-]t\-hn-j-bw. C{km-tb-ense {]apj PqX-N-cn{X Kth-j-I-\mb sa _m Ce, lm hmuv bpwnth-gvkn- n-bnse sk t^m Pyqbnjv kv Uo-knse {]^. sf. ssev kvin, spcp-i-te-anse C 2009 sabv kv n yq v Hm^v ssat{im-^n-enwkv Hm^v lo{_p -am-\p-kv{in-]v n-knse Xm -ti-a, tiw{_n-pv bqwn-th-gvkn- n-bnse Fkv. skuv. sijvx, Ata-cn- A m-zan t^m Pyqbnjv dnk nse Kth-j-I F. kq kv, Fkv. ens_ am, Fkv.-F. sh sø-bva, FtUz Uv sjbvk, sp.-te-hn, Fw.-F-kv. IZm-cn... sim nbn \n p e`n Cu ]pkvxiw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am nb Kth-j-I `qcn-]- hpw HSp-hn FØnt \nk-a-\-ßƒ Ch-bm-bncp p. 1. ap -Øn-sbm p \q m p ap ]v Fgp-X-s KmZv Z i-is bym Y hn-\-ß sim n-bn \n p In nb ]pkvx-iw. 2. ]Ømw \p m- n\p tijw Ft mtgm ss nƒ ssien A\p-I-cn p cnn- -s Hcp IrXnbm-Wn-Xv. temi-øns {i bn s -Sp- Xv ]Xn-s\ mw \q m- n-emwv F p am{xw. F n-\pth n Cu cn\ \S p F Xp hyivxa-. BcmWv cnn- -sx- pw. 3. KmZv Z i-is bym Y ]pkvx-i-a-s - nepw Ncn-{X-]-cambpw kmln-xy-]-c-ambpw thz-imkv{x-]-c-ambpw Gsd {]kivxn bp ]pkvxiw Xs -bm-wn-xv. sim n-bnse PqX-cpsS Ncn-{X-sØ- - n-bp At\Iw hne-s Adnhp-Iƒ Cu ]pkvx-i-tøm-s-\p-_- n- p sim n-bnse PqX-cpsS Zn\-hr-Øm- -ß-fn D v. thz-]pkvx-i-ønse shfn-]msp ]pkvx- I-sØ- n ]pxn-sbmcp Aht_m[w D m-im klm-bn- p- - Xp-amWv Cu ]pkvxiw. (a-e-bm-f -a-t\m-ca "{io' 2003 sk]vxw-_ 21) 29

kxyzqx G.-Fw. apl-ωzv keow Jnem-^Øv : \q m- p-i-fn-eqss 6 DYvam-\nbm Jnem-^Øv Ing- tdmans ns (ss-_-km n-bw) Bÿm-\-am-bn-cp tim Ãm n-t\m- nƒ Iog-S- n-b-t mƒ Xp n-iƒ k Xz-\Øv Bbn-cp- p. kp Øm keow H mas Ime-ØmWv Jeo^m ÿm\w Xp n-iƒ v e`n- -Xv. Ckveman Jnem-^-Øns {]mxn-\n-[y-ta-s -Sp-ØpsIm v `cww \S-Ønb Xp n-hw-i-p-cmwv DYvam- \n-iƒ. Xq n-i-fpss ]q o-i-\mb D Zp-Kms aq- Ø-]p-{X-\mb DYvams t]cn-emwv DYvam-\nøm Jnem- ^Øv Adn-b-s -Sp- -Xv. CkvXmw_qƒ ti{µ-am- n. Bdp \q m- n-e-[niw DYvam-\n-Iƒ `cn- p. Ah-cpsS ]q n-i snw n-kvjms B{I-aWw `b v Gjy ssa\dn-te v (C- sø Xp n) bm{x Xncn- p- Ibpw hgn-bn sh v sk PqJn kp Øms\ Hcp bp -Øn klm-bn- p-ibpw sk Pq- n-iƒ hnpbn- p-ibpw snbvxp. CXn\p {]Xyp-]-Im-c-ambn sk Pq- n-iƒ {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ss_km nbw km{am-py-øns AXn Øn {]tziw Xp n-iƒ v ]Xn p \ In. sk Pq- n-i-fpss \nc-h[n ssk\ni hnp-b-ßƒ v Xp n-iƒ t\xrxzw \ In. AXn p ]mcn-txm-jn-i-ambn ]Xn- p-in- nb ÿew Xp n-i-fpss cmpyw hnkvxr-x-am- n. AXn- \nss sk Pq v cmp-hwiw \in- p-i-bp- m-bn. \m p-cm-py-amb Xp n sk Pq v {]tziw ]nsn-s - SpØv B cmpyw Ah-cp-tS-Xm n am n sk Pq- p- I-fpsS N{µ- ebpw \ -{X-ß-fp-ap ]XmIbpw Xp n-iƒ Xß-fpsS Nn -ß-fmbn kzoi-cn- p-ibm-wp- m-b-xv. CXn-\Iw Xs Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb thk-xbnepw i n-bnepw DYvam\o k Xz-\-Xns simsp- m v bqtdm- n-te v ASn- p-ho-in. bqtdm- n Bkv{Snb Xe-ÿm-\-amb hnb- -bn hsc Xp n-iƒ FØn. DYvam\ptijw c mw Xe-apdbn s 30 kp Øm apdmzv H m-as ImeØv DYvam-\nbn s km{ampyw 5 e w N. In.-ao. Bbn h [n- p. sxm p-ap-ºsø Du Jms km{ampy hnkvxr- Xn-tb- m-ƒ A n-c- n-bm-bn-cp p CXv. At m-tg pw awtkm-fn-iƒ Ckvemw axw kzoi-cn- n-cp- p. ]t inbm- -fmb awtkmfp-iƒ Aao Xnaq-dns t\xr- Xz-Øn DYvam-\n-Isf B{I-an- p-ibp m-bn. awtkmfp-i-fpss Cu B{I-a-W-Øn XI p-sh v Icp- Xnb DYvam-\nbm cmp-hwiw apl-ωzv H m-as ({In. h. 1412-1421) Iogn Dbn sø-gp-t p- -XmWv temiw I -Xv. apdmzv c m-a\pw At±-l-Øns ac- WsØ XpS v apl-ωzv c m-a\pw (A ^m-xn^v) A[n-Im-c-Øn h p. aplωzv c m-as Ime-Øm- Wv temi-n-cn-{x-ønse kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp apt - w apkvenwiƒ \S-Øn-b-Xv. Ing- tdmam-km-{am- Py-Øns (-ss_-km nbw) Xe-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp tim Ãm n-t\m- nƒ apkvenwiƒ Iog-S- n-b apl- ΩZv c m-as Ime-ØmWv. B ] -W-Øn\v CkvXmw- _pƒ (Ckveman-I- tk-lw) F v t]cv \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. ]n osv DYvam-\n-I-fpsS Xe-ÿm\w CkvXmw- _pƒ Bbn-cp- p. ss{ikvxh ]m mxy i n-ifpss Gjy {]th-i-\-i-hm-s-øn-ep Cu A[n- Im-ctI{µw apkvenw-i-fpss apºn \q m- p-i-fmbn AP-ø-ambn \ne-sim- pi-bm-bn. aq mw Jeo^ lzvdøv DYvams Imew apx ]e Imc-W-ßƒ sim pw apkvenwiƒ tim Ãm n-t\m- nƒ Iog-S- m {ian- n-cp p. Ah-km\w DYvam\o hoc-t mcmfn apl-ωzv c m-a-\mwv B D ze ZuXyw ln. 206

2009 sabv 857 Pqam-Zp Due 20\v ({In. h. 1453 sabv 29\v) \n -ln- Xv. Bbncw h jsø tdma A[nIm-ctI{µw Aßns\ apkvenwiƒ v A[o-\-am-bn. tdmam- -P-\-I-amb Cu hoc-irxyw \n -ln- -Xns t]cn hnp-b-{io-em-fn-x hoc tpxmhv F A -Øn apkvenw temiw Cu DYvam\o kp Øms\ "A ^m-xnlv' F mwv hnti-jn- n- p Xv. ss{ikvx-h-cnse ]Sn- m-d tdma k`bpw Ing- k`-ifpw XΩn-ep hsw-h-en-bmwv A ^m-xn-ln\v Cu DZyaw Ffp- -am- n-øo Ø-Xv. DYvam\n `c-w-iq-ssø temi-ønse tnmzyw-sn-øm km[y-am-imø AP-ø-i- n-bm n am n-bxv A ^m- Xnlv apl-ωzv c m-a-\m-bn-cp- p. Ncn-{X-Im-c- m Ncn- {XsØ {]mno-\-imew, a[y-imew, B[p-\n-I-Imew F n-ßs\ aq mbn Xncn- n- p- v. AXn a[y-imew Ah-km-\n- p-ibpw B[p-\n-I-Imew Bcw-`n- p- Ibpw snøp- Xv tim Ãm n-t\m- nƒ DYvam-\nbm Xp n-iƒ v A[o-\-am-b-tXmsSbmWv. Ncn-{X-Øn A{X-am{Xw {]Xym-LmX-ßfpw kzm[o-\hpap m- nb kw`-h-amwv tim Ãm n-t\m- n-fns ]X\w ]m m-xy v CkvemanI kwkvim-chp-ambn _ - s -Sm\pw a[y-im-e-l- -Øns Ccp-fn \n pw tamn\w e`n- p-hm\pw CXv klm-b-i-c-am-bn. DYvam- \n-iƒ tim Ãm -n-t\m- nƒ Iog-S- p-tºmƒ Ah v Jnem-^Øv e`n- n-cp- n-. DYvam\n-Iƒ v XpS- -Ønse Jnem-^Øv e`n- n-cp- n-. Ah kp Øm `c-w-øn-e-[n-jvtn-xamb k Xz-\Øv am{x-am-bn-cp- p. CuPn-]vjy aweq p-i-fpss `c-w-øns ]n p-w-tbmss \ne- \n- n-cp A m-knbm Jeo-^-am-cm-bn-cp p A meøv apkvenw temiøv \ne-\n- n-cp Jeo-^-am H ]-Xm-asØ DYvam\o kp Øm kenw H m-as `c-w-im-e-ømwv Jeo-^ ]Zhn DYvam-\n-Iƒ e`n- p- -Xv. aweq- p-i-fn \n pw CuPn]vXv Iog-S- n-bxv aqew DYvam\o kp Øm\v e`n G hpw henb kωm-\-am-bn-cp p Jeo-^m-ÿm-\w. Xm Øm-cn-I-fpsS (aw-tkmƒ) B{I-a-WsØ XpS v Du ±-izmkw hen- p-i-bm-bn-cp aweq- p-ifpss CuPn]vXv DYvam-\n- Iƒ Iog-S- n. At mƒ CuPn-]vXnep m-bn-cp Ahkm-\sØ A mkn Jeo-^. A ap-x-h- n Ae mbmbn-cp- p. Jnem-^Øv DYvam\o kp Øm keo-ans\ Gev]n- p. Jeo-^-am ]c-º-cm-k-x-ambn kq n- n-cp dkq Xncp-ta\n (k)-bpss hmfpw ]Xm-Ibpw keow A mko Jnem-^-Øn \n pw 207 ssi] n Aßs\ Jnem-^-Øns Ncn{Xw as mcp L -Øn-te v KXn-am-dn. Jeo^m ÿm\-sam-gn apx-h- n-en-t\bpw sim v kp Øm keow Xs IqsS CkvXmw-_q-fn-te v sim p-t]m-bn. CuPn- ]vxn \n pw t]mip hgn-bn kndn-b-bn UamkvI-kn sh v lnpm-kn-tebpw Ad_v tzisøbpw `c-wm-[n-im-cn-isf I v ss_øøv (A-\p-k-cW {]Xn- ) hmßn CkvXmw-_q-fnse Abmt-km-^nb ] n-bn A A-kvl ]fin-x- mcpw DYvam\o ]fin-x- mcpw ktω-fn Hcp {]uv-kw-`-o-c-amb NSßn sh mwv Jnem-^-Øns HutZym-KnI ssiam w \S- -Xv. Aßns\ keow H m-a BZysØ DYvam-\obm Jeo-^-bmbn. CkvXmw-_pƒ CkvemanI Jnem-^-Øns ti{µ-am-hp-ibpw snbvxp. kenw H m-a {]K- -\mb DYvam\n `c-w- I Ømhv IqSn-bm-bn-cp- p. 8 h jhpw 8 amk-hpamwv At±lw `cn- Xv (ln. 918/1512 {In. 926/1520) Cu Npcp-ßnb Imew sim v Dkvam\nbm `c-w- Øn ankvdv (Cu-Pn-]vXv) imw (kn-dn-b) Pko-d-Xp Ad_v F o {]tz-i-ßfpw tn -txmss hnkvxrxn Cc- n-bmbn h n- p. DYvam-\n-I-fn G hpw {]K- -\mb aq p-t]-cn Hcm-fm-bmWv {]Ya DYvam\o Jeo^ IqSn-bmb keow H mas\ IW- m- p- - Xv. Jeo^ keow ssitdm-hnepw hs- Xp nbnepw \S-Ønb Iq -s m-e-ifpw Xs A`n-{]m-btØmSv hntbm-pn Ggv a{ n-amsc h[n- Xpw At±l-Øns k Io Øn v If w Nm Øp- p. kvs]bn-\nse apkvenw-iƒ A\p-`-hn- p Iq -s me-i-fnepw ]ov-\-ß-fnepw tcmjm-ip-e-\mb keow AXn-\p-]-Icw Xs k Xz-\-Øn\v Iogn-ep {InkvXym-\n-Isf h[n- -W-sa v B{K-ln- n-cp- p. ssijp Ckvemw Aen- P-amen CkvemanI ico- AØv Db Øn- n-sn v B DZy-a-Øn \n pw At±lsØ XS-bp-I-bm-Wp- m-b-xv. keow H m-a\vtijw ai kpsse-am-\mwv Jeo-^-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n- -s - -Xv. GI -a-i-\m-b-xn- \m Ah-Im-i-X -ß-fn- msx cay-ambn A[n-Imc-ssI-am w \S- p. Ct±lw kpsse-am A Jm\q\n (\n-b-a- Zm-Xm-hv) F v Adn-b-s -Sp p. k ta-j-e-bnepw Jnem-^-Øns\ ]ptcm-k-xn-bn-te v \bn- -Xn-\m kpsse-am-\p AAvfw (a-lm-\mb kpsse-am - Sulaiman the Magnificient) F t]cn- 31

kxyzqx epw Adn-b-s -Sp- p. hfsc \oxn-am\pw {]Xyp-ev]- -a-xn-bp-am-bn-c-p p Jeo^ kpsse-am. _m cmpy-amb bptkmkvemhy-bpw, lwk-dnbpw Pbn- -S- n-bxv kpsse-am-\m-wv. P Ω N{I-h Øn-s - Xnsc s]mcp-xm {^m kv DYvam-\n-I-fp-ambn kjyap- m- n. apkvenw temi-øns apt w XS-bm {ian- p- -Xn-\n-S-bn Hcp {InkvXy cmpy-amb {^m kv as mcp {InkvXy cmpy-øn-s\-xnsc DYvam- \n-i-fp-ambn ssk\ni kjy-øn-te s Xv t]m ns\ tim]m-ip-e-\m- n. apkvenw cmpy-ßsf A{I-an- m\pw timf\n ÿm]n- m\pw Cdßn ]pd-s t]m p-ko-kp-imsc ]e tzi-ß-fn \n pw XpcØntbmSn- Xv DYvam-\n-I-fm-Wv. Jeo^ kpsse-ams al-xzsø If- -s -Sp- Øp kw`-hhpap v. djy kpµ-cn-bmb Jp dans kzm[o-\-øm a p `mcy-am-cn-ep ]p{x- msc h[n kw`-h-amwxv. Cu ]p{x- m km{am-py-øns\-xnsc KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øp- p-sh- mwv Jp dw Jeo-^sb -[cn- n- -Xv. Jp dw BIs Jeo-^ v Xm Xm-cn-Iƒ kωm-\n PqX-kv{Xo-bpam-bn-cp p Xs ais\ ]n p-s -h-iminbm- p-sa Dt±-i- Øn-emWv Jp dw AXv snbvx-sx- nepw Jeo^ kpsse-am as mcp ]p{xs\bmwv Jeo-^-bm- n-b- Xv. as mcp kw`hw Xs hniz-kvx-a-{ n-bmb C{_mlnw ]mjsb Nne-cpsS D]-Pm-]-ßƒ ImcWw s]s v h[n- p-i-f- -Xm-Wv. 32 DYvam-\nøm Jnem-^-Øn\p Iognse apkvenw `cw- {]-tzißƒ BtKmf cmjv{so-b-i- n-bmbn hf DYvam\n Jnem-^-Øns Ncn{Xw kw`-h-_-lp-e-am-bn-cp- p. bqtdm- n \n pw djy-bn \n- p-ap sndp-øp- \n pw B{I-aW-`o-j-Wn-bp-am-bn-cp p DYvam-\n-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn G hpw henb {]iv\w. 1736 t]mf- nse cmjv{sob {]Xn-k- n-bp-ambn _ -s DYvam-\n-Iƒ Hcp-h-i-Øpw djybpw Bkv{Sn-bbpw adp-h-iøpambn bp -ap- m-bn. bp w DYvam-\n- Iƒ -\p-iq-e-ambn Iem-in- p. _ t{kupw sh v k n-bp-ap- m- n. ]n osv djy cm n ImY-dns ImeØv _ t{kuv k n v hncp- ambn djy t]mf- n CS-s - p. Ah-km\w bp -Øn Iemin- p. ^ew DYvam-\n-I-fpsS ]cm-p-b-am-bn-cp- p. ]n osv djy-bp-am-bp- mb bp -ß-fn ]cm-pbw Xs -bm-bn-cp p ^ew. XpS v {^m kv s\t m-fnb t_m twm- m ns t\xr-xz-øn DYvam-\n-IfpsS Iogn-ep CuPv]nXv B{I-an- p. {^m kns ]oc n ssk\y-øn-\p-ap-ºn DYvam-\n-I-fpsS CuPn- ]vjy tk\ ]cm-p-b-s - p. s\t m-fn-b apkvenwifpss ]n pw t\sm "Aen- t_m-twm-]m v ]mj' F v t]cp-am n ssijp-am-cpss hkv{x-a-wn v ] n-i-fn \nxy-k-µ i-\hpw \SØnbncp- p. Aßns\ CuPn]vXv {^ v A[o-\-Øn-em-bn. XpS v DYvam-\n-Iƒ {^m kn-s\-xnsc bp w {]Jym-]n- p. {^m kp-ambn i{xp-x-bn-ep- m-bn-cp Cw pw djybpw DYvam-\n-Isf klm-bn- p. {^ v A[n-\nth-i-Øn \n pw 1802 CuPn-]vXv tamnn-x-ambn. DYvam-\n-I-fpsS `c-w-ap- m-bn-cp {Koknepw tziob-t_m-[hpw k Xz-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc Iem-]hpw D mbn. {^ v hnπhw {Ko p-im-cpss tzio-b-t_m-[- Øn\v Icp-tØIn bqtdm-]ns \n tem` ]n p- Wbpw Ah v e`n- p. bqtdm- nse Ihn-Ifpw Nn - I- mcpw {Ko p-im-cpss ka-c-øn\v B w Iq n. Cw ojv Ihn-bmb tem Uv ss_dww {^ v Ihnbpw t\mh-en-ãp-amb hnivs lyqtkmbpw DYvam- \n-iƒs -Xnsc {Ko p-imsc Cf- n-hn- p. Bbn-c- W- n\v apkvenwiƒ {Ko v Iem-]-ß-fn sim s - p. {Ko v Iem-]-Im-cn-Iƒ Hcp tziob Kh sa v cq]o-i-cn-s - nepw Jeo^ CuPn-]vjy tk\sb D]-tbm-Kn v AXns\ ]cm-p-b-s SpØn. ]t {_n, djy, {^m kv, F o bqtdm-]y i n-iƒ DYvam-\n-Iƒs -Xnsc ssk\n-i-ambn D]- tcm-[n p \hm-cnt\m Xpd-ap-JØv XpS nsb ]cm- P-b-s -Sp-Øn. (Xp-S-cpw) 208

2009 sabv kn.-f. AlvaZv auehn Cukm-\_n: At±-l-an-t mƒ Pohn- n-cn- pt m? Ctßm v Xncn- p-h-cptam? tic-f-ønse kap- -X-cmb apkvenw ]fin-x- m-cn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp p a lpw kn.-f. AlvaZv auehn kmln-_v. `qcn-] apkvenw ]fin-x- m-cn \n pw hyxy-kvxambn Cukm \_n (A) acn- p-t]mbn F v i -amb sxfn-hp-iƒ \ncøn At±lw ÿm]n- p- p. "klo-lp _pjmcn' ae-bmf ]cn-`m-j-bpss Bap-J-Øn \ns -Sp-Ø-XmWv Cu tej-\w. lzokp-iƒ ]cn-tim-[n v icnbpw sx pw th Xn-cn-s -Sp- phm, lzokv ]cn-tim-[-\m -hn-z-kv[- m Nne Af-hp-tIm-ep-Iƒ \Ωp ss Iøn Ø- n- p- v. B Af-hptIm-ep-Iƒ sim v Af p t\m n-bn- p-thww GXv lzokpw \ap v kzoi-cn- p-hm. CsXt mgpw \ap-t m Ω-bp- m-bn-cn- - Ww. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn lzokp-iƒ si n-bp- m- n-b-xn Hcp henb ] v hln- Xv PqX- mcpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-am-sW v apºv \mw DW Øn-bn- p- v. AXv hmbn- -tijw 1405-* mw \º lzoskm-s -SpØv hmbn- p-t\m- p. F m-w-xn ]d-bp- Xv? ""Cu{km-Cu-ey-cpsS hm Ø-Iƒ \nßƒ cnhm-bøv snbvxp-sim- pi; AXn tzm-j-sam- p-an '' F v Xncp-ta\n injy-k-w-ßsf D t_m-[n- n- p-sh v! IY-sb-ßns\-bp v! C{km-Cu-ey-cpsS Ip Øn-Øn-cn- p-iƒ, Jp -B-t\mSpw \_n-tbmspw Ah p Akqb, Ckvemans\ X-I m Hfn * klo-lp _pjm-cn-bnse lzokv \º 209 pw Ah \S-Øn-s m- n-cp {ia-ßƒ, Ah sh p-]p-e Øns m- p-t]m A- -hn-izm-kßƒ, A\m-Nm-c-ßƒ F n-h-sb- p-dn- p ]cm-a i-ß-fmepw kqn-\-ifmepw \nd-b-s - -XmWv Jp -B. F n v B Jp -Bs ktµiw temiøv {]N-cn- n- phm h sszh-zq-x D]-tZ-in- p- -txm, C{km-Cu-ey-cpsS ] \n v In p GXv hm Ø bpw kzoi-cn- p-ibpw \nß-fpss k m-\-ßsf ]Tn- n- p-ibpw sn bvxp-sim- pi F v! Ckvem ans\ XI m C\n h Xpw th -Xpt m? thkw a\-n-em- m Rm s\m-cp-zm-l-cww Nq- n- m-wn- mw. Hcp a\p-jy snøp ]m]-øn v as mcp a\p-jy DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-hp-I-bn-s Xv Jp - Bs Hcp {]Jym-]nX (6:164) kn m- -am-wv. F- m \ΩpsS Nne ax-{k-ÿ-ß-sf-spøp t\m- p- I. Cu kn m- -Øn- v IS-I-hncp- -ambvs m v hn[n-sb-gp-xn-bncn- p- Xv ImWmw. BZw hne- s ]gw Xn pi \nanøw BZans k m-\-ß-sf mw ]m]n-i-fmbvs m- mwv P\n- p- Xv; C\nb-hsc ipno-i-cn-s -Sp-sØ- nte B ]m]-am-en-\y-ß-fn \n v Ah ap -cm-hp-i-bp q; AXn- mwv C n I Ω-ßƒ \n - bn- n-cn- p- -sx v {Inkvym-\n-Iƒ ]d-bp- p. AtX kn m- -amwv \ΩpsS Nne ax-{k-ÿ-ß-fnepw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-sh- n-cn- p- -Xv. BZw ]gw ]dn- m Imep-sIm v \S- p-t]mbn; IÆp-sIm v t\m n; ssi-s m v ]Tn v; hmb sim v Xn p, AXp-sIm- mwv hpfp-hn ssiim-ep-ifpw IÆv, hmbpw aq p-sa mw ipno-i-cn- m Iev]n- n-cn- p- -Xv. CXmWv \ΩpsS Nne ax-{k-ÿ-ß-fn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn p- -Xv. CXns Kpcp- \m-x- m {InkvXym-\n-I-f- msx a m-cp-a-s - Xv Xo -bm-w-t m. Imc-Ww, Cu kn m w Jp -B X n- f H m-wv. am{x-a-, a\p-jy ]m]n-bm-bvs m v P\n- pi aqew Ahs\ ip o-i-cn-s - Sp- m-\p \S-]-Sn-Isf Jp -B 33

kxyzqx Ifn-bm n hnspi IqSn (2:138) snbvxn-cn- p p; B ÿnxn v Cu kn m w Ckveman-te v Fßs\ \pg- p-i-bdn? {Inkv Xym-\n-Iƒ aptj\ Xs! 34 CtX-{]-Imcw {InkvXym-\n-Ifn \n v apkvenwi-fp-ss-bn-s-bnte v \pg- p-i-b-dnb H - Xs bmwv Cukm-\-_n-sb- pdn v C v apkvenw _lp-p-\-ß-fnep [mc-w-bpw. Cukm-\-_n(-A) Hcp \_n am{x-am-bn-cp- p. a p \_n-am-sct m-se-øs At±-lhpw Pohn- p. a v \_n-amsc i{xp- ƒ Ae ns m pw a ±n- p-sim- p-ancp t]mse-øs At±-l-tØ bpw a ±n- p. Ah-km\w At±-l- Øns ITn-\-i-{Xp- -fm-bn-cp Pq-X- m At±-lsØ {Iqin- m h w Iq n. Aßs\ At± lw {Iqin- -s - p-sh pw aq v Znhkw acn p InS- -Xn-\p-tijw Dbn sø-gp-t -s pw {InkvXym- \n-iƒ hniz-kn- p- p. Dbn søgp-t tijw At±lw Xs injy- m n-s-bn {]Xy- -s -Sp- Ibpw Ah p-]-tz-i-\n t±-ißƒ \ In-s m- n-cn- p-ibpw Ah-tcm-sSm w Blmcw Ign- p- Ibpw snbvxp-sh- pw, Xm tbip-{inkvxp Xs -bm-sw v ]e \ne pw Ahsc t_m[y-s - Sp-Øn-sb pw aøm-bn, am t mkv, eqt m-kv, tbml- m F nhscgpxnb kphn-ti-j-ß-fn hy -am-bn-øs tcj-s -Sp-Ønbn- p- v. Aßs\ {Iqin- -s - tijw 40 Znhkw Ign- - Xn ns At±-lsØ amem-j- m kz -tem-i-tø v sim pt]m-sb pw At±-l-an-t mƒ sszh-tøm-ssm w Ccn- p-i-bmsw pw {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn- p- p. Cu hnizmkw A Sn apkv enwi-fn-te v ]I p. Hcp hyxymkw am{xw. Cukm-\-_nsb i{xp- ƒ v Ipcn-in-te- n-bnt m a p \net m sim m Ign- n- n F v Jp -B kv]jvs-amb `mj-bn {]Jym-]n- n-cn- -sim v (4:157) AX- Sn kzoi-cn- m \n n-. AXp am{x-aßv hn v _m n-bp sx mw kzoicn p. C\n temim-h-km\w tbip-{in kvxp Cu temi-tø- p-xs asßn-h-cp-sa- mwv {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn- p- -Xv. Aßs\ as-ßnh- -tijw \ymbhpw \oxn-bpsa mw \S- n hcp-øp-ibpw A\o-Xn-tbbpw A{I-a-tØbpw ASn- -a Øp-Ibpw snøp-sa- pw. AXpw apkvenwiƒ AtX-]Sn G p- ]m-sn. Ct mƒ {InkvXym-\n-I-sft m-se-øs apkvenwifpw Cu km-\_n Xncn- p-h-cp- Xv ImØpsIm- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. sndp-ip- n- Iƒ v ]Tn- n- p {]my-ani ax- ]m-t-]p-kvx-i-ß-fn t mepw Cu kn m w Aßv Xncp-In- -b- n-sh- m ]n osv B hnizm-k-øn- p- m-ip Zm Vyw ]d-tb- -Xp t m! hmkvx-h-øn \mw hen- ng- n-s p {]tbm-p\w? Jp -B kn m- -ßƒ a\-n-cp-øn- -Tn- p ]Xnhv F{Xtbm \q m- p- I-fmbn apkvenwi-fn \n\v hn p t]mbn; apkvenw ]fin-x- m-cptsbpw ]mac P\-ß-tf-bp-sa mw {]amww Hmtcm Ime-ß-fn Fgp- X-s ax-]-fin-x- m-cpss {KŸß-fm-Wv. B ÿnxn v \q m- p- Ifpw Xe-ap-d-I-fp-ambn Pohn apkvenwi-tfmsv C v adn- p-]-d- m ^e-sa- m-bn-cn- p-sa v ]d-tb- -Xn- -s m. ]s Ckv emans ]cn-ip- hpw ]c-a-kp-µc-hp-amb cq]w temi-øn p apºn sh p-tºmƒ \ap- Xv snøm-xn-cn- m \nhr-øn-bn-. G hpw Npcp-ßn-bXv Ckveman s t]cn Npa-Ønb sx mb Hcmtcm-]Ww Nq n- m-wn- p-isb- nepw snbvxv A m-lp-hns apºn \ΩpsS _m[yx \n -ln- p-hm\pw \ΩpsS \nc-]-cm-[nxyw sxfn-bn- p-hm\pw \mw B{K-ln- p- p. Cukm-\_n C v Pohn- n-cn- p- pt m? C\n-bn-tßm p Xncn- p-h-cptam? apkvenwiƒ n-s-bn hninjym apkvenw _p n-po-hn- Iƒ n-s-bn Cs mcp Nn mhn-j-b-am-wn-xv. AXn-\p adp-]- Sn-bmWv Xmsg ImWn- p- -Xv. Cukm-\-_nsb BIm-i-tØ- p-b Øn-bn-cn- -bm-swt m temim-hkm\w At±-l-an-tßm v Xncn- p-h-cp-sat m Jp -B-\n ]d- n- n-. t\sc-a-dn v {InkvXym- \n-iƒ hniz-kn- pw-t]m-se, At±lsØ BIm-i-tØ v Db Øns m v t]mhp-itbm Hcp Ime Øv At±lw Ctßm v Xncn- p-h-cp- Itbm snbvi-bn- F -Xn v hy hpw Jfin-X-hp-amb sxfnhp-i-fmwv Jp -B \nc-øn-sh- n-cn- p- -Xv. \ap- -sxm v IÆp Xpd- p-t\m- m k -\-p- mbm am{xw axn. Cukm-\_n Ah-km\w Xncn- p-h-cpw, F n v ] nsb sim pw, Ipcniv X n-bp-s pw Pnkvb Zp -e-s -SpØpw Fs m-am- Wt m lzo-kp-iƒ (1009) ]d-bp- -Xv. AXp icn Xs -bmtwm? icn-bm-bn-cn- m ]mspt m? Jp - 210

Bs kn m- -ßfpw {]kvxm-h- \-I-fp-ambn AXv tbmpn- p- p t m? H v Nn n p t\m pi. \nßƒ CXn\p apºv {i n- n- n-s - n Ct m-sg- nepw {i n- p-i. Jp -B 5 mw A ymbw 116, 117 F o hmiy-ß-sfm-s -SpØv a\- n-cpøn hmbn p t\m p-i. F m-w-xn ]d-bp- Xv? \nßƒ sh p ]pe Øn-s m- n-cn- p kwi-b-ßƒ v kv]jvshpw Jfin-X-hp-amb adp-]sn Xs. ]c-tem-i-øp-sh v A mlp Cukm-\-_nsb hnnm-cw sn øp cwkhpw At cw Cukm- \_n sszh-k- n-[n-bn ka n- p sãbn- p-sa p-amwv B c p hmiy-ß-fn FSp-Øp-Im- Wn- n-cn- p- -Xv. ""Hm a b-ans ai Cukm! A m-lp-hns\ hn v Fs bpw Fs amxm-hn-t\bpw sszh-ßfm n sh -W-sa v \obmtwm P\-ß-tfm-Sp-]-tZ-in- Xv?'' F v Cukm-\-_n-tbmSv A mlp tnmzn- p- p. AXn v adp-]-sn-bmbvs m v Cukm-\_n \evip sãbn vsa-s - mwv?'' (A- plpth!) \n\ v kvtxm{xw! F\n v ]d-bp-hm-\-[n-im-c-an- m-øxv Rm ]d-bp-i-bn- -t m, Rm\-Xp- ]-tz-in- n- p-s - n \n\- Xv 211 XnI pw Adn-hp- m-bn-cn- pw. Fs lrz-b-øn-ep- Xv \n\- dnbmw; \n n-ep- Xv Rm\-dn-bp-Ibn-. \o AZr-iy-hm Ø-I-sf mw Adn-bp- -h-\-s{x.'' XpS p-sim- p hmiy-øn, (117) \osbt msv I ]n- X- msx as m pw Rm\-hsc D]-tZ-in- n- n-s pw Rm\-h n-s-bn D m-bn-cp Ime-a-{Xbpw Ah-cpsS ÿnxn-k- Xn-Iƒ Rm ta t\m w snbvxpsim- n-cp- p-sh pw ]n osv \osbs Bbpv Ah-km-\n- n- -t mƒ Ah-cpsS Imcy-ß-sf mw D p-t\m ns m n-cp- Xv \o am{x-am-sw pw F\n- -Xn-s\- pdn v Adnthm DØ-c-hm-Ztam H pan-s pw Cukm \_n A m-lphns Xncp-k- n-[n-bn kam- [m\w t_m[n- n- p- p. Ct mƒ H p a\-n-cp-øn- n- n p t\m p-i. {]Nm-c-Øn-ep hnizm-k-sa- mwv? Jp -B ]dbp- -sx- mwv? AXp c pw XΩn tbmpn- p- pt m? As - n h hymjym-\hpw \ In tbmpn- n- m Ign-bptam? C, Hcn- -ep-an-. Cukm-\_n Xncn p hcpw, F n v At±lw BIm-itØ- p-b p-t]m-b-tijw {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ \S n hcp- Ønb A\m-Nm-c-ß-sf-sb mw * GsXm-cp-hs ssiøn Fs Poh-\n-cn- p- pthm Ah-\msW kxyw \n -b-ambpw hn[n-i Ømhpw \oxn-am- \p-ambn C_v\p-a-dnbw Cd-ßpw. At±lw Ipcnip apdn- p-ibpw ] nsb sim pibpw Pnkvb C m-xm- p-ibpw snøpw' (_p-jm-cn) "\nßfn \n v \nßƒ v Cam-ambn C_v\p adnbw \nß-fn Cd-ßp-tºmƒ \n-ßfpss ÿnxn F m-bn-cn- pw' (_p-jmcn) F n-ß-s\-bp _pjm-cn-bnse i- n-a-ømb lzo-kns\ kw_- n- m-wv "Jp -Bs {]kvxm-h\iƒ v IS-I-hncp w' F v tej-i ]d-bp- -Xv. tej- I\v C m-cy-øn-ep- mb Hcp [mc-w- ]n-iiv sim mwv G hpw {]am-wn-iamb klo-lp _pjm-cn-bn h {]kvxpx lzo-kp-isf Ipdn v Cßs\ Hcp ]cm-a iw \S-Øm [rjvs-\m-b-xv. "C_v\p adnbw' F A`n-[m-\-ap ]n m-eøv apkvenw DΩ-Øn Ah- Xo W-\m-Ip alm-flmhv c m-bncw h jw apºv _\o-c-{km-tb kap-zmb-øn h Cuk-_v\p-a-dnbw F t]cp {]hm-n-i Xs -bm-bn-cn- psa- mwv tej-i [cn- n- p- -Xv. CXv 2009 sabv At±lw \n ±bw XI Øp-I-fbpw, Ipcn-iv Xs X n-bp-s p Ifbpw, ] nsb sim pw Fs - mamwv {]Nm-c-Øn-en-cn- p lzokn ]d-bp- -Xv. At mƒ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ At±-l-Øns th ]m-sn- p-tijw \S- n hcp- Ønb A\m-Nm-c-ß-sf mw At± lw Xn-cn- p-h-cp-tºmƒ I p a\- n-em- pw, AXn-se mw At±lw Aa jw {]I-Sn- n- pw, Ahkm\w AsX mw At±lw \in- n- p-i-f-bpw. CXmWp lzo-kn ]dbp- -Xv. Jp -B ]d-bp- -txm, t\sc adn- pw, AXm-bXv At±lw Cu `qan-bn \n v hn p-t]mb tijw ChnsS {In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ \S- n hcp-ønb A\m-Nm-c-ßsfm pw At±lw Adn-bp-I-tbbn ; At±-lsØ {InkvXym-\n- Iƒ sszh-am- n-sh v ]qpn- -Xpt]mepw At±lw Adn-bp-I-bn-. Ah-km\w ]c-tem-iøv Dbn sø-gp-t v A m-lp-hn v apºn lmp-cm-hp-tºmƒ am{x-amwv {In kvxob temiøv \S Cu kw`h-ß-sf mw At±-lØns Adnhn s -Sp-I. Npcp- -Øn Jp - Bs {]kvxm-h-\-iƒ v IS-I-hncp- -am-bvs m- mwv lzokv \nesim- p- -Xv. * At mƒ \mw Jp - B hniz-kn-t -W-tam, AX Cu l-zo-kns hmn-i-l-s-\ pw Xm ]-cy-øn-\p-sa-xn-cm-wv. "C_v\p adnbw' F Xv Hcp Bflob ]Zhn IqSnbm-sW v Jp -B-\n \n pw \ap v a\-n-em- mw. lzo-kp-i-fn hcm-\n-cn- p ako-lns\ ] n ]d kµ `ß-fn-sem pw Xs "Cuk' F v kw m-\maw {]tbm-kn- msx "C_v\p a bw' F p am{x-amwv {]tbm-kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. {]kvxpx lzo-kn h "Camap pw an pw ("\nß-fn \n v \nßƒ v Cam-am-bn-sIm v') F ]Zw bmsxmcp kwi-b-øn\pw CS \ Im- 35

kxyzqx lzokv hniz-kn-t -Wtam? \Ωp ss hnizmk {]amwa\p-k-cn v Jp -B Xs -bmwv \mw hnizkn-t - -Xv. AXn-semcp \nanjhpw kwi-bn p \n t - - Xn. Ø-hn[w hcm-\n-cn- p Camw _\o C{km-bn-en-ep hy n-b adn v apkvenw DΩ-Øn \n p Xs -bp hy n-bm-sw v kv]jv-s-amwv. "an Ipw' (\n-ß-fn \n v) F ]Zw {]tbm-kn- p-sim v BIm-i-Øn-cn- p _\o C{km-bn m-c-\mb Cukm-\_n ho pw hcp-sa IrkvXob k -ev]- Øns ASn-th-cmWv dkq Xncp-ta-\n (-k) tozn- ncn- p- -Xv. am{x-a AXn-t\- m-fp-]cn _\o C{km-tb-en h C_v\p-a bapw Ah-km-\-Im-eØv Z m-ens\ h[n- m apkvenw kap-zm-b-øn BK-X- \m-hp C_v\p-a -bapw c v hyxy kvx hy n-i-fmwv F v GXv sndnb Ip n pw a\-n-em-hp coxn-bn dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) ]d Imcyw _pjm-cn-bn Htc A ym-b-øn-ep ("InØm_p ^nø _m_p Z m ') c v lzo-kp-i-fn tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- 36 PqX- m Cukm-\-_n-bpsS Poh A]-I-S-s -Sp-Øm h w Iq n-b-t mƒ At±-lsØ ae- p- Iƒ BIm-i-tØ v s]m n-sb-sp- Øp-sIm p t]mbv -f- p. Aßs\ PqX- m-csc ]cm-p-b-s - Sp-Øn- -f- p-sh- m-wt m \mw hºv ]d-bp- -Xv. A mlp ]dbp hºv Aß-s\-b-. PqX- m v At±-lsØ h[n- mt\m {Iqin v sim mt\m Ign- n-. Ah -afn ] n-sb pw a p-amwv Jp -B ]d-bp- -Xv. Ah-km\w A mlp Cukm-\-_nsb c n- sx-ßn-s\-bmwv? AXp I p-]n-sn- m si p-i-y-i-sf-sbm pw A`bw {]m]n-t - -Xn-. Jp - B Xs hy -amb `mj-bn AXv tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p v: ""\nhmk-tbm-kyhpw sh -sam-gp-ip- -Xpamb Hcp Ip n-t \mw Ah c p-t] pw (Cukm \_n pw amxm-hn- pw) A`bw \ In.'' (23:50). Aß-s\-bmWv {Iqc-cmb B PqX- m-cpss B{I-a-W-ßfn \n v A mlp Cukm \_nsb c n- -Xv. At±-l-Øn \n v PqX- m-cpss {i Xncn- phn-sm\pw At±-lØ-ns \nhm-kti{µw PqX- m a\-n-em- m-xncn- m\pw th n, At±-lsØ amem-j- m BIm-i-tØ-s -Sp- Øp-sIm- p-t]mbn F v {In kvxob t\xm m A v {]Ncn- n- -Xm-bn-cn- -Ww. ]n osv bmym yw ]pdøp ]d-bm Ipsd Imew Ign- -t mƒ hnj aw txm pi \nanøw B {In kvxob t\xm- ƒ bmym yw Xpd p-]-d-bmsx au\w Zo n- -Xpam-bn-cn- mw. Aß-s\-bm-hWw B [mcw {In-kvXym-\n-I-fn ASn-bpd- -Xv. am t mkv Fgp-Xnb kphnti-j-øn tbip-{in-kvxp-hns p- p. lzokv C{]-Im-c-amWv "Rm (dkq-ep (k)) Cukm, aqkm F o \_n-amsc Z i-\-øn I p CukmbpsS \ndw Nph- m-bn-cp- p. apsn Npcp- Xpw s\ v hoxn-tb-dn-b-xp-am-bn-cp- p. aqkm-bpss \ndw tkmx-ºns Xm-bncp- p. tzlw XSn- Xpw apsn \o Xpw I m Hcp kqøp h - m-c-s\- t]mse txm mw' (_p-jm-cn) XpS p lzo-kn C_v\p-a-dn-b-ans ico-ch Æ\ t\m q. "Rm (d-kq-ep (k) IAv_ {]Z- nww snøp- -Xmbn kz]v\-øn I p. X k-abw s] s v Hcmƒ Fs apºn h p AbmfpsS \ndw tkmx-ºnt bpw apsn t\scbp- Xpw \o -Xp-am-bn-cp- p. CXm-cmsW v Rm tnmzn- p. C_v\p adn-bam-sw v adp-]sn ]d- p.' (_p-jm-cn). Cu lzo-kp-i-fn h ]cm-a iw t\m q. _\o C{km-bo h Cukm- \-_n-bpss h Æ-\-bn \ndw Nph v, hm\m-tcm-l-w-sø- p-dn v ]d-bp- Xv ImWpI: ""Cßs\ I Øm-hmb tbip Ah-tcmSv Acp-fn-s -bvx-tijw kz -Øn-te v FSp- -s - p, sszh-øns he- -Øp-`m-K-Øn-cp- p.'' (am t mkv 16:19). ""A\- cw Ahsc t_ym-\y-tbmfw Iq n-s m- p-t]mbn ssi Db Øn Ahsc A\p-{K-ln- p. Ahsc A\p-{K-ln- -bn Ah Ahsc hn p-]n-cn p (kz mtcm-lww snbvxp).'' (eq-t mkv 24:51) Cßs\ ss n-fn ]ebn-s-ß-fnepw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- Xv ImWmw. ss n-fn-ep Cu [mcw apkvenwi-fn ]Xps IS- p-iq-sn. AXn v AwKo-I-cWw In m ""Ime dkq-ep- mln'' F v Hcp Xe-s pw sh p-sim-sp-øp. CXmWp mb-xv. ]n o-sp- Xv Jp -B-\n-ep-]- tbm-kn Hcp hm m-wv. ""A mlp Cukm-\-_nsb Xs -b-sp- -te v Db Øn'' F hm v (4:158). apsn Npcp- -Xp-am-sW- m-wv. Ah-km-\- Im-eØv Ah-X-cn- p C_v\adnbans \ndw tkmx-ºn-t Xpw apsn t\scbp- -Xpw. Nph v \ndhpw tkmxºp \ndhpw hyxy-kvx-at? AXp-t]mse Npcp apsn-bpw, \o apsnbpw hyxykvx-at? c v akolpw c v hy n- I-fmWv F -Xn\v CXn ]cw as v sxfn-hmwv th Xv. _\o-c-{km-tben h Cukm-\-_n(-A) acn- pt]mbn F v hniz-kn- p tej-i lzo-kn hcp-sa v hmkvzm\w snøs akolv AYhm "C_v\p a bw' as mcm-fm-sw v Icp-Xm-ØXv sim m- Wv. lzvdøv _pjm-cnsb (d-lv) t]msebp BZ-c-Wo-b-cmb alm-flm- ƒ kam-l-cn hy -amb lzo-kp-iƒ Jp -B hncp- -ams-w v ]d v X n- -f-tb- n-h-cp- Xv (k:]). 212

2009 sabv ""A mlp Db Øn'', ""A mlp Db Øpw?'' Fs mw ]d- m Hcmsf BIm-i-tØ v s]m n-sb-spøp sim p-t]m-ipsa- AXns A -sa v Ad- _n-`m-j-bnse {]my-ani hnzym n-iƒ p-t]epw Adnbmw. ""A m-lpth! \o Fs sx p-iƒ s]mdpøp Xcn-Ibpw Ft msv IcpW ImWn- p-ibpw Fs t]mcm-bva-iƒ ]cn-l-cn p Xcn- Ibpw Fs Db Øn-Ø-cn-Ibpw sntø-wta!'' F v \msa- m-hc \a-kvim-c-ønse c v kppq-zp- Iƒ n-s-bn kzm {]m n- mdp -t m. \sω-sb- m-h-tcbpw BIm-i-tØ v s]m n-sb-spøp sim p-t]m-bn-ø-c-w-sa- mtwm AXn-s -b w? CZvcokv \_n sb ""D -X-ÿm-\-tØ v \mw Db Øn-s m- p-t]mbn'' F v Jp -B (19:57) ]d-bp- p. Cukm- \-_nsbt mse At±-l-tØbpw BIm-i-tØ- p-b Øn-s m- pt]mbn F mtwm AXns A w? BsW p Bsc- nepw ]dbp- pt m? Bcpw ]d-bp- n-. F nepw Cukm-\-_nsb Db Øn F v ]d- -bn-søv am{xw Cß s\ A w I ]n- m \ymbsa v? as mcp sxfnhv Jp -B 4:157-159 t\m p-i. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns\ Xßƒ h[n p I-f- p-sh v PqX- m hºp ]d-bp- p v; hmkvx-h- Øn Ah v Aafn ] n-bn-cn- bm-wv. At±-lsØ {Iqin v sim mt\m a p \ne v sim mt\m Ah v Ign- n- n F - mamwv AhnsS ]d- n-cn- p- -Xv. B kµ `-Øn A mlp ]d Hcp hm v {]txyiw {i t -b-am-wv. PqX- m Cu KqVm- 213 tem-n-\-i-sf mw \SØn At±-l- Øns Pohs\ A]-I-S-s -Sp- Øm h w Iq n-bxv Ah -t±l-tøm-sp sshchpw Akqbbpw \nanøw am{x-am-bn-cp- psh v shf-n-s -Sp-Øn-s m v 159- AXm A mlp ]d-bp- p. ""At±-l-Øns (Cu-km-bp-sS) ac- W-Øn p apºp-x-s, At±-l- Øn hnizkn m-ø-h-cmbn thz- m-cn (Pq-X- m-cn ) Bcpw Xs -bp- m-bn-cp- n (X- n- -an- Øw) ]p\-cp- m-\-zn-hkw Ah s -Xn-cmbn At±lw km n ]dbpw.'' Cukm-\_n BIm-i-tØ v t]mbn v Xncn- p-h-cm F{X Bbncw As - n F{X e w sim w ]nsn- p-sa v Bcpw ]dbp- n-. am{x-a AXv \n Æ-bn- m Ign-bp-I-bn-s v Ah kω-xn- pi IqSn snøp p. At mƒ C\nbpw Cukm-\_n At m ]tøm e w sim w Ahn-sS-bn-cp-t - mw. A{Xbpw Imew Cu temiøv Pohn- p F m "Alv ep InXm_pw' F m PqX- mcpw Cukm-\-_n-bn hnizkn hcm-bn-cn pw F mwv Nne Cu Jp -B hmiy-øn p hymjym\w \ Ip- -Xv. Cukm \_n BIm-iØv Pohn- p- ps v Dd- n p sh -tijw Cu Jp -B hmiy-øn v Aßs\ hym-jym\w \evin c -s -Sp-I-b- msx Ah v am -an- -s m. ]s B hymjym\w sx m-sw- -Xn v H m-asø ZrjvSm w kµ `w Xs -bm-wv. ""]p\-cp- m\ Znhkw B thz- m s - Xn-cn (ssz-h-k- n-[n-bn ) Cukm-\_n km n ]dbpw'' F v ]d-bp- p- -t m. At±lsØ {Iqin v sim m h w Iq n-b-h s -Xn-cn sszh-k- n- [n-bn At±lw km n ]d-bp-sa- mwv B hm ns A w. AXv hfsc kv]jvs-am-wv. A msx At±lw hm\-tem-itø v t]mb-tijw Cu `qap- JØv P\n v acn- p-t]mb thz- m v As - n Pq-X- m v FXn-cn sszh-k- n-[n-bn km n ]d-bp-sa- A w. AØ-c- m s -Xn-cn km n ]d-bm Hcp \ymbhpw Imc-W-hpan- -s m. At mƒ Jp -Bs ZrjvSn-bn Cukm-\-_n-bpsS \ne- ]m-ss-s v kwi-bm-xo-x-amb \ne v \ap v hy -am-wv. C\n- A-Xn Hcp kwib-øn pw CSan-. Ip n-i-tfm-sp kvt\lw Dkma (d) \n p \nth-z-\w. Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Fs -sb-spøv Ahn-SpsØ asn-bn Hcp Imen CcpØpw. lk (-d)s\ Ahn-SpsØ at Imen-epan-cp-Øpw. A\- cw Rß-fn-cp-h-tcbpw Ahn-Sp v AW p ]nsn pw F n v Acpfpw: "A m-lpth \o Ch-tcmSv Ir] ImWn-t -Wta! F\n- n-h c p-t]-tcmspw Ir]-bp- v. (_p-jm-cn) 37

kxyzqx A Jp -B FIvkn-_n-j 11. G.Iyp alvzn {] apl-ω-zp-\_n (k) ]q -th-z-ß-fn apl-ωzv \_n (k)sb ] n ss{ikvx-h, PqX, sslµ-h, _p, ]m kn ax-ß-fn-se mw {]h-n-\-ß-fp- v. {]hmn-i-{]-`p-hmb apl-ωzv \_n(-k)-sb- n ]q -th-z-{k-ÿß-fn h kqn-\-isf Ipdn v ]cn-ip Jp -B ]d-bp- p- v. "\mw {KŸw \ In-bn- p- h Ah-cpsS a sf Xncn- -dn-bp- -Xp-t]mse At±-lsØ Xncn- dn-bp- p.' XpS p ]d-bp- p, "\nc- c {]hm-n-i-\mb Cu ZqXs\ ]n ]- p- -h-cmwv At±lsØ kw_- n v Ah-cp-sS-b-Sp- Xudm-Ønepw C o-enepw tcj-s - -Xmbn Is -Øp-I.' IqSmsX apl-ωzv \_n (k)- sb- n ]q - -th-z-{k-ÿ-ß-fn {]h-n-\-`m-j-bn \nc-h[n ]cma i-ß-fp- v. ss nƒ ]gb \nb-a-øn {]hm-n-i-t{ijvts\ ] n ]d-bp kqn-\-bn-xm-wv. "Fs -t m-se-bp Hcp {]hm-n-is\ \n n \n pw \ns ktlm-z-c- m-cn \n pw \n\- mbn \ns sszh-amb I Ømhv Db Øpw. Rm Fs hn\w At±-l-Øns \mhn \nth-in- n- pw. Rm I n- p- -sx mw At±lw Ah-tcmSp kwkm-cn- pw. "\ns ktlm-z-c- m-cn \n pw' F p ]d- -Xv, Ad-_n- I-fn \n p {]hm-n-is\ kw_- n- m-wv. Ah-cpsS tkm{x- ]n-xm-hmb A{_-lm-ans c p ]p{x- m-cmwv CkvlmJpw Ckvam tbepw. C{km-tb-en-I-fpsS tkm{xw Ckvlm-Jn \n pw, Ad-_n- IfpsS tkm{xw ktlm-z-c-\mb Ckvam-bn-en \n pw Bcw-`n- p- p. C\n ]pcm-w-ßƒ apl-ωzv \_n(-k)-sb- n F p ]d-bp- psh- p-iqsn t\m mw. `hn-jp-]p-cm-w-ønse ] w 3, Imfiw 3, A ymbw 30, 5 ap- X 8 hsc-bp t«mi-ß-fn-eqss ]d-bp- -Xn-Xm-Wv. "B kµ `-Øn "alm-az' F t]cmb temi-kp-cp-sh p ÿm\-t -cp Hcp hn-tzin tbmkn Xs A\p-N-c- m-tcm-sp-iqsn {]Xy- -s -Spw. cmpmhv (t`m-p-cm-pm-hv) KwKm-Pew sim pw ] -Khyw sim pw acp-`q-\n-hm-kn-bmb B sszh-zq-x\v \njvi-f- -`- n-bmhp ]mcn-txm-jn-i-ßƒ ImgvN-hbv p-ibpw hfsc BZ-chv {]I- Sn- n- p-ibpw snbvxn v ]d-bpw, "A tbm a\p-jy-cm-in-bpss A`nam-\-ta, acp-`q-an-bn \nh-kn- p- -h-t\, ]nim-nns\ \n{k-ln- phm-\mbn \o h ]n i n kw`cn- n-cn- p- p. A tbm k n-zm- \µ kzcq-]-ta, Rm Ahn-SpsØ Ffnb Zmk-\m-Wv. Aß-bpsS ]mz-n-c-w-ß-fn \a-kvi-cn- p Cubp- -hs\ kzoi-cn- -\p-{k-ln- m-epw.' `hn-jy ]pcm-w-øn Cßs\-sbmcp t«miw IqSn-bp- v. "enwk-tozn injm-lo\: iva{ip-[mcn kzq-ji D m-em]o k ` n `hn-jyxn Pt\m aa ]n\m Iuew N]-i-h-kvtXjmw `jym-axm adp apk-te-ss\h kwkvimc Ipssi-cnh `hn-jy-xn.' Cu t«mi-øns A w Cßs\ kw{k-ln- mw. "At±-l-Øns (a-lm-az F p t]cp temi-kp-cp-hns ) A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ tnem-i Ωw sn øpw. Ah IpSpa hbv n-. Ah XmSn hf Øpw. hnπ-h-imcn-i-fm-bn-cn pw Ah. {]m - 38 214

2009 sabv \bv v hcm Ah Dds Blzm\w (_m v hnfn) snøpw. ] nsb Hgn v an ark-ß-fpss amwkhpw Ah ` n- pw. ip n snøp-hm Z ` D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xn-\p-]I - cw kacw snbvxp Ah ]cn-ip- c - m-ipw. axsø aen-\s - Sp-Øp- h-cpambn bp w snøp-ibm "apkse' AYhm apkv enw F t]cn-\m Ah Adn-bs - Spw. Cu amwk-`p- p-i-fpss axøns Bhn `mhw F n \n m-bn-cn- pw.' (`-hn-jy ]pcmww {]Xn-k Kw ] w 3, Imﬁw 3, t«miw 25 apx 28 hsc) _u, ]m kn ax-{k-ÿ-ßfnepw apl-ωzv \_n(-k)-sb- n ]cm-a i-ßf - p- v. almﬂm _p s Nc- a Øn\p sxm p-apºv injy-\mb B\-µ tnmzn- X - mbn "Ieym-W[ Ωw' 96- mw A ymbw 12 apx 15 hsc hmiy-ß-fn C{]-Im-c-ap v. "Aßv t]mbn- - g n- m Rßƒ v BcmWv D]- t Ziw \ IpI' 215 adp-]sn DS-\p- m-bn, "Rm am{x-a _p. Rm Ah-km\sØ _p -\p-a-.' ]m kn ax-{k-ÿ-amb ZkmXo-dnse 14- mw A ym-b-ønse kqn\ CXm-Wv. "t] jy- m km- m Kn-Iambn A[x-]-Xn- p-tºmƒ Atd_y-bn Hcp a\p-jy P\n- pw. At±-l-Øns A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS knwlm-k-\-søbpw ax-sø-bp-sa mw XInSw adn- pw. t] jy-bnse i m ]cm-pn-x- cm- s - -Spw. Ahn-SsØ _p n-am mcpw a pw At±-lØ - ns A\pbm-bn-I-fpsS ] Øp tncpw' Hcp km -P-\o\ {]hm-n-i\mbn (The universal prophet) aplωzp \_n (k)- sb AwKo-Ic - n- psim v Jp - B C{]- I mcw ]dbp- p. "A mlp {]hm-n-i- m-cn \n v DS-ºSn hmßnb kµ `sø Hm pi: Rm \nßƒ v {KŸhpw hn m-\hpw \ In-bncn- p- p. ]ns \nß-fpss ] ep- -Xns\ km y-s -Sp-Øp Hcp ZqX \nß-fpss ASp- hcp- -Xm-bm \nßƒ \n -bambpw At±-lsØ hniz-kn- pibpw klm-bn- p-ibpw snøp- Xm-Wv.' a\p-jy-k-aqlw ]c-kv]cw IqSn- e - v GI-ka - q-la - m-bn-øocpi F Xv A\pkypX-amb Hcp sszhn-i] - - X - n-bm-wv. Cu hniz-am\h kaq-l-øns km -P-\o\ {]hm-n-i-s\- n F m P\-h ß-fnepw Ah-X-cn {]hm-n-i- mscm-s -Øs {]h-nn- n- p-ap- v. 39

kxyzqx alm-am-cn-iƒ v apºn a\p-jys ap v hnd p p tem apkm-^n temiw apgp-h `oxn ]c-øns m v ]pxn-sbmcp sshdkv P\y-tcmKw cwk-{]-th-i\w sn bvxn-cn- p- p. ] n \n F t]cn Ip{]-kn- -amb Cu almamcn saivknt mhnemwv {]Xy- -s - -Xv. Cu tcmkw Ata-cn-, Im\-U, \yqkn-e v, P Ω\n, kvs]bn, C{k-tb, {_n, Hmkv-t{S-en-b, Nnen, {_ko, {^m kv apx-emb \nc-h[n cmpyß-fn-te v hym]n p Ign- p. kmº-øn-i-amµyw sim v he- p-\n p Ata-cn- pw bqtdm-]y cmpy-ßƒ pw ] n- \n G n BLmXw Ipd-s m- p-a-. Sqdn-kw, A tz-iob KXm-K-Xw, ` y-h-kvxp- -fpss A t±-iob hym]mcw apx-emb-h-sb mw ] n- -\n-aqew IqSp- X aµo-`-hn- p-i-bm-wv. Cu AXn-{ZpX ]I -hym-[nsb tem Im-tcm-Ky-kw-L-S\ A mw ehen-emwv Dƒs -Sp-Øn-b-Xv ]I hym-[n-iƒ v Bdp eh-ep-i-fm- Wp- -Xv. ] nbn \n pw a\pjy-\n-te v ]I-cp Cu amc-itcmkw ] n-bp-ambn \n _m[w CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw ] n-bn-d n Ign- p-ibpw snøp {InkvXy cmpy-ßfnemwv _m[n- n-cn- p- Xv. Cu tcmkw ]c-øp F v. h F h sshd-kp-iƒ v ^e-{]-z-amb hmivkn-\p-i-fn-. ark-ß-fn tcmk-ap- m- p sshdkv km[m-c-w-k-xn-bn a\pjy-\n-te v ]I-cn-. ]t ] n F ark-øn sh v CØcw sshd-kp-iƒ a\p-jy-\n-te v kw{i-an v tcmkw ]c-øm-\p tijn ssih-cn- p- p-sh v B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xw Xncn- -dn- n- p- v. ] n-]-\n-bp- m- p sshd-kn\v hmbp-hnse ]I-cm- \p Ignhv t\sn-s m-sp-øxv ] n-bm-wv. ] n-{]n-b-cpss \msmb saivkn-t m-bn 170-Hmfw t]cpss Poh-\-]-l-cn Cu tcmkw Atacn- -bnepw Bsf sim m XpSßn-bn-cn- p- p. ]pxn-b-xm-bp- m-hp ssh dkv P\y-tcm-K-ßƒ v apºn sshzy-im-kv{x-øn\v ap vhnd A\p- `-h-s -Sm ImcWw CØcw tcmkßsf NnIn- n p t`z-s -Sp-Øm ] nb hmivkn-\p-iƒ Ah-cpsS ssiøn-en F p -Xm-Wv. hmbphn-eqss ]I-cp ] n-]-\n-t m-sebp- -tcm-k-ß-fm-is Im pxo thk-øn ]S p-]n-sn- m-\p km[y-x-bp-ap- v. CØcw tcmk-ßfpss `bm-\-i-amb Hcp-h-iw. AXv ]c-øp tcmk-im-cn-bmb sshdkns {]txy-i-x-bmwv. AXv Pohn-bmtWm APo-hn-bmtWm F v hy -ambn \n -Nn- m km[y-a- mø Hc-kvXn-Xz-am-Wv. a\p-jy-s tbm a p BXn-tYb Pohn- -I-fp-tStbm Poh- -tim-i-ß-fn Ib-dn- - n-sim v am{xw Pohn-I-sft]mse hwi-h -\hv \S-Øm Ign-bp- sshd-kn\v G hpw efn- Xhpw kq va-hp-amb LS\-bm- Wp- -Xv. Hcp km[m-cw _mivsocn-b-tb- mƒ 20 apx 100 Cc n hsc sndp-xmwv sshd-kv. Ce- Ivt{Sm ssat{im-kvtim-]n- -eqss 7000 Cc n hen- -Øn-em- n-bmse sshd-kv a\p-jy-zr-jvsn v tkmnc-am-hp-i-bp- q. Dƒ mºpw ]pdtømspw tn Cu Poh-IW Øns \yq n-b-kn GXm\pw Un.-F.-F.tbm B.-F.-F.tbm am{xta ImWq. Ch- m-is P\n- XI ]cn-h Ø-\-Øn-eqsS cq]m- cww kw`-hn v ]pxn-sbmcp tcmk- Øns tcmk-hm-ln-bm-im\pw km [y-am-ipw. AØcw sshd-kns\ Xn-cn- -dn v hmivkn \n Ωn- ptºm-tg pw sshd-kns tcmk-xmfi-h-øns Ac-tß w ]q Ønbm-bn- p- m-hpw. Ncn-{XsØ InSnew sim n \nc-h[n sshdkv P\y-tcm-K-ßfpsS then-tb- -ßƒ D m-bn- p- v. ]vtfkpw hkq-cn-bp-am-bn-cp p A m-esø apjy-tcm-k-ß-fmbn Adn-b-s - n-cp- -Xv. tck-\n-zm-\-imkv{x-tam, ssat{im _tbm-fpn tbm hni-kn- n- n mø ] v ImeØv F m-hn[ AXn-{ZpX ]I -hym-[n-i-tfbpw "]vtfkv' F mwv ]d-bm-dv. G.-Un. 541 PÃo H m-as ImesØ ss_km -bn km-{am-pysø P\iq\y-am- n- -f- Hcp hkqcn _m[-bp- m-b-xmbn Ncn- {X-Øn tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. 40 216

F.-Un. 1347 apx 1350 hsc-bp \mev h j-ß-fn-ep- mb "_vfmiv suøv' F -dn-b-s -Sp ]vtfkv bqtdm- nse aq n-sem v P\-k- JysbbmWv kwl-cn- Xv. 1918-19 hsc-bp kv]m\njv ^vfq 500 e w Bfp-Iƒ acn- p. Cßs\ tcmk-kw-lm-c-øns \nc-h[n Xncam-e-Iƒ a\p-jy-k-aq-lsø Zpcn- X-Øn-em- n-bn p v. CØcw amcn-iƒ Hcn- epw Xs a\p-jys \nb-{ -W- Øn s Imcy-a-. Ft mƒ thw-sa- nepw tcmkw s]m n- p-ds -Smw. s]m n- p-d-s - m a\pjy\v \n-lm-b-\mbn t\m n- \n ms\ Ignbq F imkv{x bmym yw \mw ad- -cp-xv. ]I -hym-[n-iƒ Znhym-flm- -fpss AS-bm-f-ß-fmbn temiøv {]Xy- -s - -Xmbn Ncn{Xw km n \n p- p. {In. h. 65 akolmb tbip-hns\ \ntj-[n- p- Ibpw At±-lsØ Ipcn-in-te n ]oun- n- p-ibpw snbvx ^ekvxo-\n `bm-\-i-am-sbmcp ]vtfkv _m[-bp- m-b-xmbn Ncn{Xw tcj-s -Sp-Øp- p. \qdv h j-ßƒ v tijw {In. h. 165 IqSp-X hym]-i-amb txmxn ]vtfkv _m [-bp- m-bn. ^e-kvxo-\p ]pdøv Gjym-ssa-\ apx tdmw hsc c v `qj-fi-ß-fn AXv hym]n- p. Ahn-S-ß-fn-se mw {InkvXp-aX {]N-cn- p-ibpw {]Ncn- n-s-sø mw {Iqc-ambn {InkvXp-in-jy- m ]oun- n- -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv A mlp Ab hmkvzø akolv lzvdøv AlvaZv (A)s\ \ntj-[n- -t mƒ At±-l-Øns {]h-n-\-a-\p-k-cn v \nc-h[n t]sc kwl-cn hºn Hcp ]vtfkv _m[ ] m-_n {]Xy- -s -Sp-I-bp- m-bn. CXv tihew bmzr- n-i-amb kw`-h-am-bn-cp- n-. A m-lp-hn \n p Adn-bn- 217 p-{]-imcw Hcp hn m-]-\-cq-]- Øn ap q n Xs hmkvzø ako lv AXv hnfw-_-c-s -Sp-Øp- I-bp- m-bn. A sø ]{X-am-[ya-ßƒ Cu Znhym- pxw hn]p-eamb txm Xn dnt m p snøp-ibp- m-bn- p- v. B tcj-iƒ kxym-t\z-jn-iƒ v apºn A\ntj-[y-amb sxfn-hp-i-fmbn \n p- p. hm KvZØ akolv hnzqc `mhn-bn hcm-\n-cn- p- p. amc-i-amb a p Nne ]I -hym-[n- Isf pdn pw A m-eøv {]h- N\w \S-Øn-bXpw {it -b-am-wv. bqtdm- nepw a p Nne {In kvxy cmpy-ß-fnepw Hcp Xc- Øn-ep ]vtfkv hym]n- p- - XmWv AXv hfsc amc-i-am-bn- cn pw' (X-ZvInd t]. 705) hmkvzø akolv Znhw-K-X- \mbn \qdv h jw XnI-bp Ime- L- -Ønse C-cp-]Xmw \q m- ns A y-z-i-i-ßƒ apx C v hsc temiøv ]pxnb Xcw amc- I-amb ]I -hym-[n-iƒ hym]n- p-i-bm-wv. Ftºm-f, emm- ^oh, ssew Unko-kv, sl -ss nkv _n, Gjy ^vfq, tlmw t mßv ^vfq, ] n-]-\n, Fbv Uvkv, km kv, ] n- \n apx-emb tcmk-ß-fmwnh. a\p-jy-\nse tcmk-{]-xn-tcm[ hyhÿ A p-x-i-c-amb Hcp sszh-m\p-{k-l-am-wv. GXv \nanjhpw amc-i-amb sshd-kp-ifpw _miv o-cn-b-ifpw P\n-X-I-am w kw`-hn v a\p-jys\ B{Ian- m\pw tcmk-øn- -Sn-a-s -Sp-Øm \pw km[n- pw. CØcw amc-imhÿ kwpm-x-am-im timsm-\ptimsn Ah-k-c-ßƒ \ΩpsS `qanbnep v. hnim-e-amb {]]- - Øn hnhr-x-ambn \n p `qan-bn-te v BIm-i-Øns GsX- nepw timwp-i-fn \n 2009 sabv pw tcmkm-wp- -fpss A{I-a-Wap- m-im\pw km[y-x-bp- v. \mw kpc- n-x-cmbn Pohn- p- Xv sszhm-\p-{klw H p-sim v am{xam-wv. GXm\pw hmivkn-\p-ifpw B n_tbm- n- p-ambn tcmk-ß-sfsb mw Iog-S nsb a n Al- -cn- p sshzy-tem-i-øn s \ne-]msv CØcw alm-am-cn- Iƒ v apºn hnir-x-amb Hcp ]cn-lm-k-ambn amdp- p. NnIn- -bn-eqss tcmkw amdp p F {]Xn-`m-khpw sszh- Øns A\p-{K-l-ambn am{xta ImWm km[y-am-hq. tcmkn thz- \n- p- -h\pw Akz-ÿ-Nn-Ø-\pam-Wv. Icp-W-tbm-sS-bpw, kl-xm- ]-tøm-ssbpw kvt\l-tøm-ss-bpamwv sshzy-imkv{xhpw kaqlhpw tcmknsb kao-]n-t - -Xv. Poh-Im-cpWyw sshzy-im-kv{x sø B Zam n Xo -Ww. AXn- \p-]-icw [ Ω-Nn Ati-j-an- msx, BXp-cm-h-ÿ-bn a\pjys\ \n ±bw NqjWw snøp Hcp hyh-kmbambn sshzyimkv{xw amdp-tºmƒ a\p jys Zpjn- p-iƒ ]q Æ-am-hp-I-bmWv snøp- -Xv. \mw tcmk-_m-[n-x-cmbm tcmk-øn\v NnIn- n- p- txm-ssm w lzvdøv C{_m lnw (A) \S-Ønb {]m -\bpw \mw \S-ØpI. "Ah-\s{X Fs krjvsn- Xv F n v Ah Fs t\ h-gn-bn \S-Øp- p. F\n v Blm-chpw ]m\o-bhpw \ Ip- -h-\m-w-h. Rm tcmkn-bm-bm Ah F\n v ia\w \ Ip- p... Fs \mym \o F\n v hnth-i- m \w \ Ip-Ibpw Fs kpir- X-hm- m-cn Dƒs -Sp-Øp-Ibpw sntø-wta (20:84) sszhw \sω amc-i-tcm-k-ßfn \n pw kwc- n- -s. 41

kxyzqx ate-jy-bnse AlvaZnøm ]ou\w ate-jy-bnse AlvaZnøm ap kvenw Bÿm-\-amb ss_ Øq Ckvemw tamkvin sh v Ppam \a-kv mcw ]msn-s v ke-tkm Iu kn-e Hm^v CkvemanIv dneopn-b 24-4- 09\v ]pd-s -Sphn Hcp t\m o-kn B m-]n- n-cn- p Pam-AØns a p {]h Ø-\-ßfpw ]msn-s v t\m okv \n t±-in- n- p- v. ate-jy-bnse ke-tkm (22 \n v XpS ) ambn hnzym n-iƒ v At±lw kvtimf jn- p-i G s -Sp-Øp- Ibpw sn bvxp. CX-c-tPm-en-I-fpt]- n v hn m-\-k-ºm-z-\-øn- \mbn ak vpn-zp- -_-hn-bn Ign- n-cp- -h s mw At±lw 100 Zo\m hoxw \ Ip-I-bp- m-bn. hnzym n-isf klm-bn- m\pw hnzym-`ym-k-{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ v Du \ Ip-hm\pw At±lw Xs Kh Æ am v \n t±iw \ Ip-Ibpw snøp-i-bp- m-bn. am{x-a lzo-kp-i-fpss t{imuo- I-c-W-Øn\pw At±lw {i snep-øp-ibpw ]fin-x- msc Npa-X-e-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snbvxp. P\-ß-fpsS ta `mc-ambn Xo n-cp A\ym-b-amb \nip-xn- Iƒ \n Ø snøm At±lw \n t±iw \ In. Hmtcm {]hn-iybn \n pw e`n- p hcp-am\w Ahn-SsØ Bhiyw Ign- -ti jw am{xw ti{µ-øn-te v Ab- m axn F v At±lw \n 42 kwÿm-\-ønse ]c-tam- X CkvemanIv kan-xn-bmwv Iu kn Hm^v CkvemanIv dneo-pn-b. ax kzx-{ y-søbpw a\pjy Ah-Im-i-Øn\pw hncp- -amb Cu `c-w-iq-s-øns AwKo-Im-c-tØm- Sp-Iq-Snb Iev]-\-bvs -Xnsc {]Xn- I-cn- m A tz-iob kaqlw apt m v hc-w-sa v AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv A tz-iob kaq-l-tømsv Bh-iy-s - p. t±iw \ In. c c h jsø At±-l-Øns `cww sim v [\w kzoi-cn- m A lsc Is -Øm {]bm-k-am-bn. sxm gn c-ln-x pw Zcn-{Z pw JP- \m-hn \n v hnlnxw \ In-bncp- p. At±-l-Øns `c-w-imeøv ]uc- m v kup-\y NnIn e`y-am- n-bn-cp- p. Da-dns kzv`-cww A[nIw \o p-\n- n-. c p-h -jhpw A p-am-k-hp-ambncp p AXns Bbp-v. ln. 101 dp_v amk-øn At±lw Xs \mys\ {]m]n- p. C{Xbpw Npcp-ßnb Imew sim v A p-x-i-c-amb ]cn-h Ø\w hcp-ønb hnπ-h-im-cn-isf Ncn-{X- Øn Is -Øm km[y-a-. Xß-fpsS {]nb-\m-b-is hntbm Kw CkvemanI cmjv{s-øn txße-sn-iƒ Db Øn. tdmam-n-{ih Øn At±-l-Øns hntbm-khm Ø-b-dn v Xs icn-nse IncoSw FSp-Øp-am n ZpxJw {]I- Sn- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. (6 \n v XpS ) _ -Øn-te v Cu A`n-kw-t_m- [\ kqn\ \ Ip p. "A-emap Asse- bm Alveq Jp_q ' (A- tbm I_-dp-I-fn hkn- p hsc \nßƒ v ta kam-[m-\w)...bflmhn\v I_-dp-am-bp _ -sø- p-dn- -dn-bm Zm i-\n- I-amb tijn- Bhiy-am-Wv. BcmtWm CXns\ \ntj-[n- p- Xv Abmƒ A_- -Øn-em-Wv. \nc-h[n {]hmn-i- mcpw ]Xn-\mbn-c- -W- n\v kmxzn-icpw km yw hln Cu _ sø \ntj-[n- m km[y-a-. shdpw bp n-s m v am{xw B _ - Øns kz`mhw hnth-nn- -dn-bm km[y-a-. Npcp- -Øn CØ-c- Øn-ep F m Imcy-ßfpw Bflob ZrjvSn-bn-eqsS ]cn-lrxam-hp- p. ImXn\v ImWphm km[y-a-s - n AXv ImXns Ip -a-. ImcWw ImXns [ Ωw ImWpI F -X-. Fs hy n- ]-c-amb A\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS t_m[yamb kwkxn Bflm-hn\v I_-dpambn Hcp _ -ap-s - m-wv. acn Bfp-ambn kw`m-j-w-øneqss _ -s -Sm\pw \ap v km[y-am-hpw. Bflmhv Hcp D Xÿm\- søøpibm-sw- n Bflmhn\v kz -hp-ambpw _ -ap- mhpw. CXv kpÿm-]n-x-amb Hcp bmym y-am-wv. Bflm-hns AXn-Po-h-\-Øn \ntj-[n- p hscm-gnsi CXv s]mxpsh AwKo-I-cn- -s -Sp bmym yam-wv. Z i\ tijn Cu _ Ønte p kqn\iƒ \ Ip- p. (a ^q-kmøv, hmfyw 1 t]pv 287 290) 218