Evaluation of lower/middle tropospheric ozone from air quality models using TES and ozonesondes Greg Osterman, Jessica Neu, Annmarie Eldering, Jeff McQueen, Youhua Tang, Rob Pinder Air Quality Applied Sciences Team 3 rd Meeting June 13, 2012 2012, California Institute of Technology, Government Sponsorship Acknowledged
Investigators Annmarie Eldering (PI, JPL), Jessica Neu (JPL) Greg Osterman (JPL) Jeff McQueen, Youhua Tang (NOAA/NWS) Rob Pinder (EPA) 2
Project Objectives Evaluation of ozone, carbon monoxide and other key fields from the EPA CMAQ and NOAA National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) in the middle/lower troposphere using satellite data Characterize nighttime ozone aloft using satellite data and ozonesondes Evaluate the ability of the air quality models to capture nighttime ozone aloft and possible relationship to air quality events Case Studies: Analyze a set of air quality events and determine if there is a relationship to nighttime ozone aloft 3
Data and Models Models: NAQFC Forecast EPA CMAQ 4.7.1 Time Periods July/August 2006, 2008, 2009 Evaluation Data Sets: Satellite data from TES (O3, CO, TATM, H2O), and OMI (O3, NO2) Ozonesondes Surface monitors 4
TES on EOS-Aura Launched 2004.07.15 TES Measures in Nadir Mode (~01:30 AM/PM Local Time): Ozone Carbon Monoxide Water Vapor and HDO Ammonia Methane and Carbon Dioxide Surface Temperature (Sea Surface Temperature) 5
TES Nadir Coverage TES Footprint 5 x 8 km Global Survey footprints 180 km apart Step & Stare footprints 45 km apart Special observation Transect footprints 12 km apart Special observation 6
TES Observations Aug 28-29, 2006 7
Profile Comparison: Daytime on Aug 29, 2006 Huntsville, AL 8
TES vs EPA CMAQ O3 Aug 28-29, 2006 9
TES Observations Aug 16-17, 2006 10
TES O3 Observations Aug 16-17, 2006 11
EPA CMAQ Curtains Aug 16-17, 2006 12
CMAQ, TES Difference: Aug 16-17, 2006 13
PDFs TES, CMAQ matches are nearest in time, latitude and longitude Model interpolated to TES pressure grid and observation operator (averaging kernel) is applied Only TES data that passes the master quality flag is used Pressure < 160 hpa Diagonal of averaging kernel > 0.08 14
TES, NOAA/NWS AQ Forecast Comparisons Forecast model using forecast meteorology Older, static boundary conditions Will repeat using more recent dates 15
TES, EPA CMAQ Comparisons 16
CMAQ-TES Difference Aug 2006 Model is low compared to TES Most TES obs between 500-800 hpa 17
CMAQ-TES Difference vs Latitude 18
Different Latitudes - Agreement is better between 30-40 N - Sensitivity at lower pressure levels between 30-40N 19
Clean vs Polluted Cases - Agreement better in polluted cases 20
Polluted vs Pressure 21
Nighttime - Most observations in the middle troposphere - Still see bias between model and TES, but lower at peak TES sensitivity 22
Status & Next Steps Status: Initial set of CMAQ, TES and sonde comparisons have been completed Developed method of visualizing the comparisons Completed preliminary evaluation of aggregated model results using TES for August 2006 Next Steps: Continue comparison of August 2006 model results to ozonesondes Incorporate surface monitor data into comparisons Repeat analysis for other seasons, years Focus on nighttime ozone comparisons and identify case study opportunities 23
Extra
TES O3 Observations Aug 28-29, 2006 25
EPA CMAQ Curtains Aug 28-29, 2006 26
CMAQ, TES Difference: Aug 28-29, 2006 27
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TES
TES on EOS-Aura Launched 2004.07.15 30
Air Quality Model Evaluation using TES
Elevated CO and O3 over SE Texas observed from TES on Aug 23, 2006 TES O3 TES CO TES resolves peaks in middle and lower tropospheric O3 and CO over East Texas Used to identify high ozone in middle troposphere Assimilated (along with OMI and MLS data) into RAQMS 32
AIRS & TES CO August 23, 2006 33
Aug 23, 2011 34
Aug 23, 2011 35
TES Step & Stare - 4911 36
TES Step & Stare - 4911 Surface Ozone near Longview - Aug 23, 2006 100 90 80 70 Ozone (ppb) 60 50 40 Surface Monitor CMAQ 30 20 10 0 0 6 12 18 24 Latitude 37
TES Step & Stare - 4911 Ozone Profile near Longview, TX - Aug 23, 2006 100 200 300 Pressure (hpa) 400 500 600 700 CMAQ CMAQ (TES AK) TES 800 900 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Ozone (ppm) 38
TES Step & Stare - 4911 39
TES Step & Stare - 4911 Surface Ozone near Beaumont- Aug 23, 2006 100 90 80 70 Ozone (ppb) 60 50 40 Surface Monitor CMAQ 30 20 10 0 0 6 12 18 24 Latitude 40
TES Step & Stare - 4911 Ozone Profile near Beaumont, TX - Aug 23, 2006 100 200 300 Pressure (hpa) 400 500 600 700 CMAQ CMAQ (TES AK) TES 800 900 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Ozone (ppm) 41
TES Step & Stare - 4911 Ozone over the Gulf of Mexico, TX - Aug 23, 2006 100 200 300 Pressure (hpa) 400 500 600 700 CMAQ CMAQ (TES AK) TES 800 900 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Ozone (ppm) 42
Ozone at Max TES Sensitivity - Aug 23, 2006 140 120 100 Ozone (ppb) 80 60 40 TES CMAQ 20 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Latitude Pressure of Max TES Sensitivity - Aug 23, 2006 Pressure (hpa) 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 TES CMAQ 1000 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Latitude 43
TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone
Measurement Sensitivity Day Night 45
TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone June 2009 Transect Special Observations 46
TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone 47
Wrap Up Just getting started Model outputs received July and August 2006 from EPA and NOAA/NWS Beginning day time comparisons with TES and ozonesondes Systematic comparisons to models (daytime and nighttime) Select nighttime case studies First phase of INTEX-B (Feb-Mar 2006) SHARP campaign (Spring 2009) Global Surveys Use of TES+ OMI retrievals? Acknowledgements Aura 2010 Project Investigators Dejian Fu and Entire TES team Thank you! 48
Extra
TES Observations of Nighttime Ozone O3 in the Houston area on the morning of 50 June 7 was in the range of 30-40.
Model Evaluation using TES Tropospheric O3 Looked at mean of TES profiles for July in three areas: Northern CA/NV and Southern Oregon Southern CA Desert Pacific off CA Coast 51
Model Evaluation using TES Tropospheric O3 Must take into account vertical sensitivity of TES measurements when comparing profiles to the model 52
Evaluation: Ocean TES Step & Stare observation July 18, 2006 TES data used with models can provide information on transport of data across the Pacific 53
Ocean 54
Ocean TES shows lower tropospheric ozone than the model in the lower troposphere (5-15 ppb) Good comparison in the upper troposphere 55
Evaluation: Northern California TES shows reasonable comparison with model throughout the troposphere Surface monitor data higher than CMAQ for month at Lassen and Yreka 56
Evaluation: Southern California Desert TES shows higher tropospheric ozone than the model in the lower troposphere (15-20 ppb) Good comparison in the upper troposphere Surface monitor data higher than CMAQ for month at Death Valley, Palm Springs and Joshua Tree 57
Evaluation of CAMx Ozone in Free Troposphere Preliminary Result CAMx model higher than TES in lower troposphere 58
New: TES + OMI 59
Measurement Sensitivity 60