States of Matter POGIL Activity Name Date Block Part 1: Lab Stations A. Initial Observations At your station you will find some solid aluminum, liquid water, and gaseous air. Observe these three objects and answer the questions below. 1. Use your senses of sight and touch to observe these objects. Examine the hardness of each object. solid: liquid: gas: 2. How do you think the hardness of the object relates to how densely packed its particles are? Which state of matter has the most densely packed particles? The least? Justify your answer. 3. Place each object in a new container (use cups for the aluminum and water, and blow up a balloon to the size of a grapefruit for gas). Did each object keep its original shape or did it take the shape of the new container? solid: liquid: gas: 4. Did each object keep its original volume or did it take the volume of the new container? solid: liquid: gas:
5. Using your observations from above, fill in the table below for the three states of matter. Solid Shape Volume Density Liquid Gas 6. List two other solids, liquids, and gases that you think would demonstrate the same behavior as the ones you observed for this activity. Solids: Liquids: Gases:
B. Energy and States of Matter Cooling You saw in Part A how gases tend to be the least dense/most spread out of the three states of matter. Now you will investigate the effects of energy/temperature on molecular motion and particle spacing. 1. Measure the widest part of the aluminum and the balloon you inflated in part 1 and record below: Width of aluminum: Width of balloon: 2. Now place the aluminum and the balloon in ice water and leave for at least three minutes. Take them out of the ice water one at a time and quickly record their width again at the same point you measured in question 1. Width of aluminum: Width of balloon: 3. What happened to the volume/size of the solid as it got colder? How about the gas? 4. What happens to energy as you cool objects down? Based on your observations, what seems to happen to the particles/the space between them as temperature decreases? 5. Clean up your station by getting rid of the balloon you used and wiping up any spilled water. 6. Draw a picture of what you think the particles look like inside the balloon before and after putting them in the ice water. Room Temperature Ice Water
Heating 7. Come observe the plastic carton near the front of the room as hot water is poured into it. 8. As hot water enters the carton, what do you observe? 9. What do you think happens to the energy of the particles inside the carton? What do you think happens to the spacing between the particles in the carton as they heat up? Justify your answer. 10. Draw a picture of what you think the particles of air look like inside the plastic carton before and after hot water is added Room Temperature Hot Water Added
Part 2: Simulation Type in the link below to open the simulation. Click on States. https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter A. Initial Observations Atoms/Molecules There are 4 options (neon, argon, oxygen, water). Pick ONE of these molecules (NOT WATER) to use for all parts of this simulation. Draw ONE molecule of the substance you chose in the space below 1. Make sure your state of matter is set on solid. 2. Write your observations in the box below. Please include the default temperature that the simulation is set on. Also draw a picture. Picture 3. Change your state of matter to liquid. Write your observations in the box below. Please include the default temperature that the simulation is set on and draw a picture. Picture 4. Change your state of matter to gas. Write your observations in the box below. Please include the default temperature that the simulation is set on and draw a picture. Picture 5. Which state of matter has particles that are the most spread apart? Does this agree with what you observed in part 1?
B. Energy and States of Matter 1. Set the simulation back to solid. Now play around with heating (adding energy to) and cooling (removing energy from) the mixture. 2. What happens to particle speed and particle spacing as you heat them? Why do you think this is? 3. What happens to particle speed and particle spacing as you cool them? Why might this be? 4. As you heat or cool the substance, do the particles break apart or simply move apart from each other? Are you making a new substance or just spreading a substance out? What s so Special About Water? 1. Now, reset the simulation and choose water as your molecule. Draw pictures below of how the molecules are arranged in water when it is a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Solid Liquid Gas 2. How is what you drew above for water different from what you drew for the molecule you picked for the first part of the simulation? What effect do you think this would have on the density of water as a liquid compared to water as a solid?