GSA Data Repository Item 2018242 Zhang, L.-J., Buatois, L.A., Gabriela Mángano, M., Qi, Y.-A., and Tai, C., 2018, Early Triassic trace fossils from South China marginal-marine settings: Implications for biotic recovery following the end-permian mass extinction: GSA Bulletin, https://doi.org/10.1130/b31867.1. Figure DR1 Table DR1 2 BURROW SIZE DESCRIPTION Data Repository The smallest Planolites occur in the uppermost part of the Formation; the mean burrow diameter for 61 specimens in three horizons is 2.1 mm, and the maximum burrow diameter is 3.5 mm. Burrow size in the lower part of the Formation is small, with mean and maximum burrow diameter of 2.5 mm and 3.9 mm, respectively (n = 53). A significant increase Planolites size occurs in the middle part of the Formation; the mean and maximum burrow diameters reach 3.9 mm and 5 mm, respectively (n = 84). The size of Planolites in the Formation is similar to those present in the middle part of the Formation (Fig. 9A D). The smallest Palaeophycus tubularis occur in the lower part of the Formation; the mean and maximum burrow diameters are 2.2 mm and 4.4 mm, respectively (n = 27). The burrow sizes in the middle part of the Formation becomes larger, with mean burrow diameters of 3.1 mm (n = 80). The burrow size increase is particularly evident in the upper part of the Formation, with mean and maximum burrow diameters of 4.6 mm and 5.9 mm, respectively (n = 27) (Fig. 9E G). The smallest Diplocraterion parallelum occur in the uppermost part of the Formation; the mean and maximum burrow diameters are 3.9 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively (n = 26). The burrow size of the lower and middle parts of the Formation increases, especially in the middle part, with mean and maximum burrow diameters of 6.4 mm and 8.9 mm, respectively (n = 25). The burrow sizes of Diplocraterion parallelum in the Formation is similar to those from the middle part of the Formation (Fig. 10A D). Another vertical burrow, Siphonichnus ophthalmoides, commonly occurs in the and formations. Burrows in the Formation are small, with mean and maximum burrow diameters of 4.5 mm and 5.0 mm, respectively. Burrow size roughly increases in the Formation, with mean burrow diameter of 5.1 mm and 4.7 mm in the lower and middle parts, respectively (Fig. 10E G). The mean diameter of some common trace fossils in the Formation (e.g., Diplopodichnus biformis, Ptychoplasma vagans) was measured as well (Fig. DR1F I). REFERENCES CITED Buatois, L.A., Wisshak, M., Wilson, M.A., and Mángano, M.G., 2017, Categories of architectural designs in trace fossils: A measure of ichnodisparity: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 164, p. 102 181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.009. Page 1 of 8
Figure DR1. Size of typical trace fossils in the Lower Triassic succession of the Longmendong section. A C. Size data from lower part of the Formation. D-E. Size data from the lower part of the Formation. Page 2 of 8
TABLE DR1. Description and interpretation of trace fossils in the Longmendong section Trace fossils Basic Characteristics Occurrence Producers Ethology Trophic types Arenicolites Asteriacites stelliformis Balanoglossite s Biformites insolitus Biformites Cylindrichnus concentricus Diplocraterion parallelum Simple subvertical U-shaped with parallel limbs, preserved in concave epirelief and concave hyporelief Radiating traces with seven lobes outward from a central axis Slightly to moderately curved, horizontal, irregular Y- and U- shaped branched epirelief Narrow, bedding-parallel, bisymmetrical arranged, hookshaped imprint with tapering terminations Horizontal sinuous imprint with tapering terminations Vertical to oblique, slightly curved to cone-like burrow with concentric lined shafts in crosssectional view Full relief, perpendicular, U- shaped, spreiten-bearing burrow with parallel marginal tube,,, Fm, Abundant Amphipods or polychaetes Ophiuroids, asteroids Cubichnia Polychaetes Deposit Ophiuroids Ophiuroids Repichnia Repichnia Polychaetes Detritus Polychaetes, enteropneusts, echiurans, sipunculids Sedimentary environment, Sand bar and channel of tideinfluenced, Page 3 of 8
Diplocraterion Diplopodichnu s biformis Helminthopsis Laevicyclus parvus Lockeia Palaeophycus crenulatus Palaeophycus tubularis U-shaped, spreiten burrow perpendicular to the bedding plane with marginal tube, preserved in convex hyporelief and concave epirelief Gently straight, smooth, hyporelief burrow with closelyspaced elongate parallel ridges separated by a wide concave central zone Irregularly winding to meandering, unbranched horizontal, epirelief burrow Unbranched vertical, cylindrical spreite shafts with an actively filled mantle and a passively filled core, preserved as a circular on the sole surface Almond-shaped oblong bodies preserved in convex hyporelief tapering at both ends; surface commonly smooth Straight or slightly curved, annulate, well lined hyporelief burrow Straight or slightly curved, cylindrical, horizontal, more or less smooth, thin-lined, hyporelief burrow and typically structureless fill similar to host rock,, Fm, Polychaetes, enteropneusts, echiurans, sipunculands Myriapod arthropods Repichnia? Polychaetes Pascichnia Detritus Polychaetes Deposit, Bivalves Cubichnia Fexianguan, Abundant Polychaetes Polychaetes or deposit or active predator or active predator,,,, Page 4 of 8
Palaeophycus Phycodes Planolites Ptychoplasma vagans Rhizocoralliu m commune Rhizocoralliu m Small horizontal burrow with lined wall and passive fill subcircular inner tube in crosssectional view Bundled splayed pattern of horizontal originating from a central base point and fan outwards in a broom like pattern of individual epirelief Straight, simple, unbranched cylindrical or subcylindrical, parallel or slightly oblique to the bedding plane Hyporelief, smooth, undulating, continuous to discontinuous subhorizontal ridges that display a characteristically amygdaloid, carinate or blocky cross section, little or no chevron sculpture, and commonly a straight, winding, irregularly meandering or looping course Horizontal tongue-like epichnial structures with spreiten enclosed by a tubular marginal tube with parallel limbs. Horizontal U-shaped spreiten structures with a tubular marginal tube in cross-sectional Fm,,, Abundant, Abundance, Polychaetes or active predator Polychaetes Deposit Polychaetes Deposit Bivalves Repichnia Deposit Polychaetes Deposit Polychaetes Deposit Sand bar of tideinfluenced, Channel and mud Page 5 of 8
Siphonichnus ophthalmoides Sinusichnus Teichichnus rectus Thalassinoides Treptichnus bifurcus Treptichnus view Full relief, vertical, oblique or horizontal cylindrical burrow with a linear, or bow-shaped morphology, characterized by a laminated meniscate mantle, and penetrated by a homogeneous core Honrizontal sinusoidal burrow braches on the convex side Vertical series of parallel, retrusive, U-shaped spreiten burrow Vertical T-shaped consists of horizontal galleries and vertical shafts in the cross sectional view Subhorizontal, smooth burrow consisting of a series segments jointed angularly at or near their ends, burrow commonly but not invariably zigzag Shallow, U-shaped segments connected in an irregular pattern near their ends, laminae on the floors of burrow, where well preserved longitudinal striae on at least the lower surface of the burrow FM. Abundant Jialingjian Bivalves Decapod crustaceans Polychaetes, arthropods Decapod crustaceans Arthropods, priapulids Arthropods, priapulids Deposit and deposit Deposit Deposit Deposit Mud flat and sand bar of tideinfluenced, Page 6 of 8
TABLE DR2. Ichnodisparity of Lower Triassic trace fossils in the Longmendong section. Trace fossils Ichnodisparity Jialingjinag Arenicolites Vertical single U- and Y- shaped Asteriacites Pentameral-shaped stelliformis imprints and Balanoglossites Vertical single U- and Y- shaped Biformites Trackways and scratch insolitus imprints Biformites Trackways and scratch imprints Cylindrichnus Vertical concentrically concentricus filled Diplocraterion Vertical single U- and Y- parallelum shaped Diplocraterion Vertical single U- and Y- shaped Diplopodichnus Bilobate trails and paired biformis grooves Helminthopsis Simple horizontal trails Laevicyclus Vertical unbranched parvus Lockeia Isolated and serial oval to almond-shaped Palaeophycus Passively filled horizontal tubularis Palaeophycus Passively filled horizontal crenulatus Palaeophycus Passively filled horizontal Horizontal with Phycodes horizontal to vertical branches Planolites Simple actively filled (massive) horizontal to oblique structures Ptychoplasma Isolated and serial oval to vagans almond-shaped Rhizocorallium Burrow with horizontal commune spreiten Rhizocorallium Burrow with horizontal spreiten Siphonichnus Vertical unbranched ophthalmoides Page 7 of 8
Sinusichnus Maze and boxwork Horizontal with Teichichnus rectus simple vertically oriented spreiten Thalassinoides Maze and boxwork Horizontal with Treptichnus horizontal to vertical bifurcus branches Treptichnus Horizontal with horizontal to vertical branches Summary number of ichnodisparity 6 14 11 Note: Ichnodisparity nomenclature after Buatois et al. (2017). Page 8 of 8