Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment National Hydro-Meteorological Service Recent development of the National Hydro-Meteorological Service (NHMS) of Viet Nam for disaster risk reduction Tran Van Sap NHMS of Viet Nam
Content I. Disasters in Vietnam II. Present Status and Strategic Orientations of Development of NHMS of Viet Nam
Vietnam is one of the most disaster prone countries 1. Population: 85 million (2007) 2. Total area: 329,560 sq. km 3. Complex terrain: Three quarters of Vietnam's territory: mountainous and hilly regions Coastline: 3444 km; narrowest area: 40km width 2500 rivers and streams 4. Tropical Monsoon Climate annual precipitation: 1800-2000mm; in central part of Vietnam: about 3000mm; more than 70% of annual rainfall occurs in wet season 5--7 typhoon per year
DISASTER IN VIET NAM: Prone to frequent disasters Strong wind Storm surge Heavy rain Tornado Thunder storm El Flash Nino flood Flood and inudation Drought
Combination of typhoon, storm surge, heavy rainfall and high tide level will cause extreme floods in large areas in Viet Nam
Example 1: Xangsane typhoon (26 September 2006) 1. Strongest wind in land: 12 level ( 130-150km/h in Da Nang province) 2. Flood: warning III level (water is over bank of rivers). 3. Rainfall Total: maximum 616 mm 4. Loses: 69 death, 2 missing, 525 injury people 19.763 houses are destroyed
Example 2: Extreme Flood in Mid-Central of Vietnam in 1999 Total rainfall in Hue for 2 days (2-3/11): 1422mm; 5 days: 2288mm; in A Luoi: 2283mm; in other stations around Hue: 775-1450mm. Losses: 373 deaths; 99 injury; 25,015 destroyed houses, 1027 collapsed schools. Estimation: 1761 bill VND Flash Flood in Hue City Flash flood in Tu Long
Example 3: Recent huge Inundation in Ha Noi (30 October 3 November 2008) This extreme inundation caused by the cold front coming from North. Some features: Total rainfall per 3 days: 560mmm (in Ha Noi); 800-1000mm (in surrounding areas) Flood in all small rivers Many areas of Ha Noi are packed in high water level for a week 22 deaths; Total losses: 5,000 bill (300mill USD)
Disaster Damage Report Total losses 10- year average 2007 Losses of death and missing 750 people 424 people Injury 600 people 747 people Houses: washed away and damaged 570,568 701,153 houses Infrastructure (damage) Roads Bridge, cannel 346 km 162 item 433 km 333 item Total money (million VND) ( 1 USD=17,000 VND ) 5,171 11,520
Tendency of Disaster Risk in Viet Nam Linda Typhoon, 1997 Big flood and inundation occur in central and southern part of Vietnam have the tendency bigger and more than in 20 century; In recent decades, together with the socio-economic development, floods cause great losses to every entity living in the Central Vietnam. Flood in Central Vietnam in 1999 Typhoon often begin lately and move the lower latitude in Vietnam
Every year, the drought happen every where and the tendency more seriously than some decades ago.
II. Present status and strategic orientations of development of NHMS 1. Meteorological Station Network On 29 January 2007, The Government of Viet Nam issued the Decree No.16/2007 on Master Plan of national environmental and natural resources observation networks Category Present 2020 Surface Meteorologic al Stations 174 231 Agro- Meteorologic al Stations 29 79 Raingauge sites 367 764
2. Aero- Meteorological Observation network Viet Tri radar Category Present 2020 Radiosonde stations 3 11 Weather radars 6 15 Pilot 7 11 Ho Chi Minh city radar Ozone and UV Lightning detection 3 4 0 9
3. Hydrological and Marine Hydro-Meteorological Observation Network Category Present 2020 Hydrological Stations 248 347 Marine Hydro-Meteorological Stations 17 35
4. Water and Air Quality Observation Network Category Present 2020 Air quality stations River water quality stations Sea water quality stations 32 53 93 116 6 24
Tele-communication system International Hanoi - Moscow: 100 bauds Hanoi - Beijing: 75 bauds Hanoi - Bangkok: 1200bps PCVSAT: Hanoi - Beijing: 9600bps Replacement by new system based on the Internet Domestic LAN WAN Met TV Internet Voice Using new telecommunication: satellite
Forecasting system Central Hydro-Mete. Center Regional Hydro-Met. Center : 9 Regional Hydro- Met. Center Central Hydro-Met. Forecasting Center Regional Hydro- Met. Center Provincial Hydro-Met. Center : 54 Regional Hydro- Met. Center Provincial Hydro-Met. Center Regional Hydro- Met. Center Provincial Hydro- Met. Center Provincial Hydro-Met. Center
Functions of each forecasting level Marine forecasts TV, VOV, Coast broadcast radio stations GTS Central Hydro- Met. Forecasting Center Background forecast Regional Hydro-Met. Center Typhoon analysis and forecast Daily, medium- and long-term weather forecasts. Flood forecast Forecasts of heavy rain, cold surge, hot and dry weather. Warnings of severe weather phenomena. Weather and hydrological shortand long-term forecasts for a region Forecasts Provincial Hydro- Met. Center Weather and hydrological shortand long-term forecasts for a province.
Development orientation Enrichment of data sources (quantity, quality, in time) for weather, hydrological forecasts and warnings Consolidating and upgrading observation network to meet requirement of storm and flood forecasting and warning activities; Updating observation technology; Upgrading the calibration facilities Strengthening hydro-met. survey capabilities
Development of hydro-meteorological forecasting system Modernizing telecommunication system Strengthening material-technical base for forecasting activities; Developing forecasting technologies; Improving forecast system Strengthening coordination mechanism among NHMS units and with other relevant agencies outside NHMS
Improvement of meteorological, hydrological, environment data collection, processing, archives and service system Improving the management system of meterological and hydrological data to meet increasing needs of socio-economic activities, sientific research, etc. Strengthening the material technical base for hydro-meteorological documentation. Strengthening partnership with relevant agencies
International cooperation Viet Nam is a member of WMO since 1955 and participates in Regional Association II (Asia). Multi-lateral cooperation: UNESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee (since 1979); ASEAN SCMG (since 1995); Mekong River Commission (since 1957) Bilateral cooperation: China (since 1993), US (since 2001), Australia (since 2002), Lao PDR, Cambodia Others: Germany; Japan; France; ADPC; APEC
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