Hershey High School College Prep Chemistry Month August Chemistry is the study of matter, its structure, and properties. The basic knowledge of the tools and techniques used by chemists is necessary for a better understanding of our world. How does chemistry impact the world around us? 1. Define chemistry Skills Assessment Tech Demonstrations and Practice Problems Metcalfe 2005 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Modern Chemistry online textbook Activity Physical and Chemical Changes Activity 2. Classify examples of the branches of chemistry 3. Describe the purpose of the scientific method 4.Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative observations 5. Describe the differences between hypotheses, theories, and models Modifications I It is essential to classify and organize types of matter and types of changes 1. Distinguish betwen the physical properties and chemical properties of matter 2. Classify changes of matter as physical or chemical How do you classify matter and its changes? 3. Distinguish between elements, compounds and types of mixtures. 1 of 15
4. Memorize symbols for common elements 5. Infer properties of elements based on its location on the periodic table September Performing calculations with numbers and units is a needed skill. How can chemistry problems be solved using correct numbers and units? 1. Distinguish between a quantity, a unit and a measurement standard 2. Name the SI base units and common prefixes for length, mass, time, volume, and density. Practice Problems Lab- Conservation of Mass Lab- Isotopes Atomic Theory Project Introduction to Laboratory Equipment Activity Measurement Activity Modern Chemistry online textbook 3. Perform conversions using dimensional analysis 4. Apply dimensional analysis to derived unit conversions Lab- Density Chapter Quizzes and/or test Microsoft Excel 5. Distinguish between accuracy and precision 6. Determine the number of significant figures in measurements 7. Perform mathematical operations involving significant figures 8. Convert measurements into scientific notation 9. Distinguish between inversely and directly 2 of 15
I Atomic structure determines the properties and behaviors of atoms. How does atomic structure determine properties and behaviors of atoms? proportional relationship I 1. Explain the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions, and the law of multiple proportions 2. Evaluate five essential points of Dalton's atomic theory in terms of experimental proof and the modern atomic theory. 3. Summarize the experiments carried out by Thomson, Millikan and Rutherford that lead to the discovery of atomic structure. 4. Describe the properties of protons, neutrons and electrons 5. Define isotopes and utilize atomic and mass numbers to identify them 6. Define mole in terms of Avogadro's number and molar mass 7. Perform conversions between mass, moles and 3 of 15
number of atoms of an element using dimensional analysis October Atomic structure determines the properties and behaviors of atoms. How does atomic structure determine properties and behaviors of atoms? 1. Explain the mathematical relationship among the speed, wavelength, and frequency of electromagnetic radiation. 2. Describe the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. 3. Compare and contrast the Bohr model and the quantum model of the atom. Practice Problems Periodic Table/Electron Configuration Activity Periodic trends activity Electron Probability Activity Hog Hilton activity Chapter quizzes and/or test Modern Chemistry online textbook Microsoft Excel 4. List the four quantum numbers, and describe their significance. 5. Describe the electron configurations for the atoms of any element using orbital notation, electronconfiguration notation, and when appropriate, noble-gas notation. 6. Compare Mendeleev's periodic table with the modern periodic table. 7. Explain how the periodic law can be used to predict the physical and chemical properties of elements. 4 of 15
8. Describe how the elements belonging to a group of the periodic table are interrelated in terms of atomic number. 9. Discuss the relationship between the electron configuration of an element and its location on the periodic table. 10. Describe the locations in the periodic table and the general properties of common groups in the periodic table. 11. Define atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. 12. Compare the periodic trends of atomic radii, ionization energy, and electronegativity, and state the reasons for these variations. 13. Define valence electrons and determine the correlation between number of valence electrons and the group number. November 5 of 15
Properties and behaviors of compounds are determined by its bonding. How does bonding determine the properties and behavior of compounds? I Substances are represented through chemical names and formulas. How are substances represented through chemical names and formulas? Practice Problems 1. Define chemical bond and explain why most atoms form bonds. 2. Classify bonding type according to electronegativity differences. 3. Define molecule and molecular formula. 4. Construct Lewis structures for molecules and polyatomic ions. 5. Compare the properties of ionic and molecular compounds. 6. Define metallic bonding and analyze why metals have characteristic properties. 7. Explain VSEPR theory and utilize it to predict molecular shapes. 8. Describe the types of intermolecular forces and their effects on properties of molecules. I 1. Calculate the formula mass or molar mass of any given compound Constructing Molecular Models Activity Predicting VSEPR Shapes Activity Lab Activity: Determining the Chemical Formula of a Substance Chapter quizzes and/or test Modern Chemistry online textbook Microsoft Excel ChemSketch Program 6 of 15
2. use molar mass to convert between mass in grams and amount in moles of a chemical compound 3. calculate the number of molecules, formula units, or ions in a given molar amount of a chemical compound 4. calculate the percentage composition of a given chemical compound 5. compare and contrast empirical formulas with molecular formulas December Substances are represented through chemical names and formulas. How are substances represented through chemical names and formulas? 6. determine the molecular formula from an empirical formula when the molar mass is known 1. Explain the significance of a chemical formula. 2. Determine the formula of an ionic compound. 3. Name an ionic compound given its formula. 4. Determine the formula of an molecular compound. 5.Name a molecular compound given its formula. Web-based tutorials Practice problems Limiting reactant activating strategy- Chocolate chip cookie recipe/ Mr. Potato Head Summative assessments: Lab- Activity Series of Metals Lab- Types of Chemical Reactions Chapter quizzes and/or test Modern Chemistry online textbook Interactive Tutorials 6. Calculate the formula 7 of 15
mass or molar mass of any given compound. 7. Use molar mass to convert between mass in grams and amount in moles of a chemical compound. 8.Calculate the number of molecules, formula units, or ions in a given molar amount of a chemical compound. 9. Calculate the percentage composition of a given chemical compound. 10. Compare and contrast empirical formulas in ionic and molecular compounds. 11. Determine an empirical formula from either a percentage or a mass composition. 12. Determine the molecular formula from an empirical formula when molar mass is known. January Chemical equations are used to describe chemical reactions. What information can a chemical equation provide about a chemical reaction? 1. Recognize the observations that suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place. 2. Write balanced chemical equations Web-based tutorials Practice problems Limiting reactant activating strategy- Chocolate chip cookie recipe/ Mr. Potato Head Modern Chemistry online textook 8 of 15
3.Explain the five main types of chemical reactions and be able to classify any given reaction. 4. Predict the products of simple reactions given the reactants 5. Use an activity series to predict whether a given reaction will occur and what the products will be. 6. Describe the importance of the mole ratio in stoichiometric calculations 7. Using dimensional analysis solve molemole,mass-mole,mass-mass stoichiometric calculations 8. Using dimensional analysis solve molemole,mass-mole,mass-mass limiting reactant stoichiometric calculations Summative assesments: Lab- Activity Series of Metals Lab- Types of Chemical Interactive Tutorials Reactions Chapter quizzes and/or test 9. Distinguish between theoretical yield, actual yield, and percent yield. 10. Calculate percent yield given the actual yield and quantity of a reactant. February 9 of 15
The kinetic-molecular theory is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion. How does the kineticmolecular theory explain properties of gases? 1. List the five assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases and utllize them to explain the physical properties of gases 2. Describe the conditions under which a real gas deviates from "ideal" behavior Web-based gas law tutorials Practice Problems Boyle's Law Lab Chapter quizzes and/or test Modern Chemistry online textook Interactive Tutorials 3. Define pressure and describe how it is measured 4. Perform conversion calculations between common pressure units using dimensional analysis Vernier Probeware LoggerPro and Microsoft Excel 5. State standard temperature and pressure 6. Use the kinetic-molecular theory to explain the relationship between gas volume, temperature, and pressure 7. Demonstrate the ability to use Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law and the combined gas law to calculate changes in gases. 8. Use Dalton's law of partial pressures to calculate partial pressures and total pressures. 9. State the law of combining volumes 10 of 15
10.State Avogadro's law and explain its significance 11. Define standard molar volume of a gas, and use it to calculate gas masses and volumes. 12. Use standard molar volume to calculate the molar mass of a gas 13.Using the ideal gas law, calculate pressure, volume, temperature, or amount of gas when the other three are known. 14. Using the ideal gas law, calculate the molar mass or density of a gas 15. Perform stoichiometric calculations of chemical reactions involving volumes of gases 11 of 15
March The components and concentration of solutions impacts their properties. What impacts the properties of solutions? I The kinetic-molecular theory is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion. How does the kineticmolecular theory explains properties of liquids? 1. Describe the motion of particles in liquids an the properties of liquids according to the kineticmolecular theory 2. Discuss the processes by which vaporization and freezing occur 3. Describe the motion of particles in solids and the properties of liquids according to the kineticmolecular theory 4. Distinguish between two types of solids 5. Explain the relationship between equilibrium and changes of state 6. Describe the processes of boiling, freezing, melting and sublimation 7. Perform molarity calculations to obtain concentration information of a solultion 8. Predict whether a precipitate will form when solutions of soluble ionic compounds are combined, and write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions(lab) Demonstrations Practice Problems Lab- Solubility Chapter quizzes and/or test Modern Chemistry online textook Interactive Tutorials 12 of 15
April Describe the structure of the water molecule. How does the structure of the water molecule affect the properties of aqueous solutions? I Describe the properties of acids and bases. How is the hydrogen-ion concentration used to classify a solution as neutral, acidic, or basic? 1. Explain how the structure of the water molecule determines its properties. I 2. Name common binary acids and oxyacids. 3. Define acid and base according to Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry. Practice Problems Demonstrations Web- based tutorial Activity: Exploring acidbase indicators Lab: Acid-Base Titration Chapter quizzes and/or test Modern Chemistry online textbook Interactive Tutorials 4. Explain the differences between strong/weak acids and strong/weak bases. 5. Explain the process of neutralization 6. Explain and use the ph scale. 7. Perform ph calculations 13 of 15
May Energy changes accompany a chemical reaction. What energy changes occur in chemical reactions? 1. Define temperature and state the unit in which it is measured. 2. Define heat and state its units. 3. Use diagrams to convey information about chemical reactions. 4. Explain chemical equilibrium. Practice problems Interactive web-based tutorials Modern Chemistry online textook Interpretation of energy diagrams Chapter quizzes and/or test Interactive Tutorials May June Laboratory Investigations (ALL YEAR) Science is learned through inquiry processes. How is science knowledge constructed? Enrichment: The diversity of organic compounds results from the uniqueness of carbon's structure and bonding. Qualitative and quantitative data acquisition dependent upon lab activity Enrichment: Explain how the structure and bonding of carbon results in such diversity of carbon compounds. Prelab Assignments Laboratory Reports Quizzes and/or tests Final exam review Final exam Standard Laboratory Equipment (Equipment will vary with lab activity) Electronic balance Modern Chemistry online textbook Interactive Tutorials 14 of 15
Month Final Exam Review Skills Assessment Tech Vernier probeware Modifications LoggerPro and Microsoft Excel 15 of 15