Tests of an internally-fired boiler

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University of Iowa Iowa Research Online Theses and Dissertations 1910 Tests of an internally-fired boiler Ernesto Julio Aguilar State University of Iowa Vincente Camporredondo State University of Iowa This work has been identified with a Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Material in the public domain. No restrictions on use. This thesis is available at Iowa Research Online: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5297 Recommended Citation Aguilar, Ernesto Julio and Camporredondo, Vincente. "Tests of an internally-fired boiler." B.E. (Bachelor of Engineering) thesis, State University of Iowa, 1910. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5297. Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons

T e s t s o f a n i n t e r n a l l y - f i r e d boiler E r n e s t o J u l i o A g u i l a r V i n c e n t e C a m p o r r e d o n d o

THESIS T E S T S O P A H I N T E R N A L L Y - F I R E D B O I L E R. B Y 1 9 1 0

T E S T S OP AN I N T E R N A L L Y - F I R E D B O I L E R. The b o i l e r, a r e p o r t u p o n t e s t s o f w h i c h i s h e r o g I v o n, h a s r e c e n t l y b e e n p u r c h a s e d b y t h e U n i v e r s i t y f o r a u x i l l i a r y u s e i n t h e M e c h a n i c a l L a b o r a t o r y * I t w a s u n d o r s t e a m, p r o b a b l y, t h r b e t i m e s b e f o r e t h e f i r s t t e s t w a s m a d e. I t w a s m a n u f a c t u r e d b y T h e J a m e s L e f f e l & C o. o f S p r i n g f i e l d, O h i o, a n d i s o f t h e s e m i - m a r i n e o r i n t e m a l l y - f i r o d t y p o, c o n s i s t i n g o f a l a r g e c y l i n d r i c a l f l u i n s i d e o f t h e s h e l l, e x t e n d i n g f u l l l e n g t h o f t h e b o i l e r p r o p e r a n d e n t i r e l y s t f r r o u n d o d b y w a t e r. I n t h e f r o n t e n d o f s a m e i s p l a c e d t h e g r a t e s o r f u r n a c e, w i t h a b r i d g e w a l l a t t h e b a c k, b e y o n d w h i c h i s a c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r l e a d i n g t o t h e t u b e s, t h r o u g h w h i c h t h e f l a m e s a n d h e a t e d g a s e s r e t u r n t o t h e f r o n t c h d a n d p a s s i n t o t h e s t a c k, a f t e r t r a v e r s i n g t h e f u l l l e n g t h o f t h e b o i l e r t w i c e. l t i s s e l f - c o n t a i n e d, i s m o u n t e d o n s k i d s, a n d d o e s n o t r e q u i r e a n y f o u n d a t i o n o r s e t t i n g i n m a s o n r y, c a n b e e a s i l y m o v e d f r o m p l a c e t o p l a c e a n d i s r e a d y to. s t a r t u p a n d r u n w h e n r e c e i v e d. T h e d i m e n s i o n s o f t h e b o i l e r a r e a s f o l l o w s?

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B o i l e r i s e q u i p p e d w i t h f r o n t d o o r s, g r a t e b a r s w i t h b e a r e r s, b r i d g e w a l l a t b a c k e n d o f g r a t e s u r f a c e, s a f e t y v a l v e, c o m b i n a t i o n w a t e r c o l u m n w i t h g l a s s g a u g e, s t e a m g a u g e, s i p h o n a n d g a u g e c o c k s, b l o w - o f f v a l v e, w h i s t l e, i n j e c t o r, g l o b e c h o c k, a n d s t o p v a l v e s, a n d a l s o a 3" b y 5 K B l a k e B o i l e r F e e d p u n p, u s e d o n l y ^ e m e r g e n c i e s, O T H E R A P P A R A T U S U S E D, T h r o t t l i n g c a l o r i m e t e r. T h e r m o m e t e r s, F l u e g a s e s p y r o m e t e r. D r a f t g a u g e, W a t e r m e t e r s. O n e t a n k, ( S e e f i g u r e s 1 a n d 2)

Fig. I S e c t i o n a l v i e w s h o w i n g i n t e r i o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f L e f f e l I n t e r n a l ly f i r e d t u b u l a r b o i l e r.

F i g. I I P a r t i a l E l e v a t i o n a n d P l a n o f S t e a m P i p i n g S. U. I. M e c h a n i c a l L a b o r a t o r y

M E T H O D O F C O N D U C T I N G T E S T S T h o s e b o i l e r t e s t s w o r e m a d e i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o m p l e t e f o r m a d v i s e d b y t h e B o i l e r T e s t C o m m i t t e e o f T h e A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r s C o d e o f 1 8 9 9 * T h e o b j e c t o f t h e s e t e s t s i s t o f i n d t h e E f f i c i e n c y, e v a p o r a t i v e p o w e r a n d w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s o f t h i s p a r t i c u l a r t y p e o f b o i l e r, a n d p r e p a r a t i o n s w e r e m a d e a c c o r d i n g l y. T h e b o i l e r w a s e x a m i n e d b o t h o u t s i d e a n d i n s i d e ; t h e d i m e n s i o n s o f g r a t e s, h e a t i n g s u r f a c e s, a n d a l l i m p o r t a n t p a r t s w o r e t a k e n a n d r e c o r d e d, A d e s c r i p t i o n o f s a m e t o g e t h e r w i t h s k e t c h e s i s h e r e w i t h g i v e n. T h e a r e a o f h e a t i n g s u r f a c e h a s b e e n c o m p u t e d f r o m t h e s u r f a c e s o f s h e l l s, t u b e s, f u r n a c e a n d f i r e - b o x i n c o n t a c t w i t h f i r e o r h o t g a s e s. T h e b o i l e r i s b r a n d n o w a n d i t s c o n d i t i o n i s p e r f e c t. P a r t o f t h e e q u i p m e n t i s a l s o n e w ; b u t t h e p i p e m a i n s l e a d i n g t o t h e e n g i n e s a r e i n a p o o r c o n d i t i o n # T h e s t e a m l e a k a g e f r o m t h i s m a i n h a s n o t a l l o w e d a g o o d c h e c k b e t w e e n t h e a m o u n t o f w a t e r f e d t o t h e b o i l e r a n d t h a t u s e d b y t h e e n g i n e. D u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e b o i l e r d o e s n o t r e q u i r e a n y m a s o n r y, t h e r e a r e n o l e a k a g e s o f a i r.

A l l a p p a r a t u s w o r e p u t i n t h e b o o t p o o s i b l e c o n d i t i o n. T h e b o i l e r w a s c l e a n e d a n d f r e e d f r o m s o o t a n d d u s t, a n d a s h e s r e m o v e d f r o m t h e a s h p i t, s m o k e c o n n e c t i o n s a n d f l u e s. C O A L S U S E D I B T E S T S. F i r s t t e s t - S c r e e n i n g s, f r o m A t h e n B, I l l. S e c o n d " - M i n e r u n, ** H i l l s b o r o, 1 1 1. S E C O N D A R Y T E S T S. T e s t s w e r e m a d e t o d e t e r m i n e t h e p e r c e n t o f m o i s t u r e, a m o u n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e i n t h e c o a l a n d a l s o t h e a m o u n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e l e f t i n t h e a s h. T h e s e c o a l t e s t s w e r e m a d e u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f M r. A. W * H i x o n, o f t h e M i n i n g D e p t. A l l o t h e r d a t a o f c o a l a n d a s h w a s o b t a i n e d f r o m P r o f. P a r r, o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s. C o m p l e t e a n a l y s i s o f c o a l s a n d f l u e g a s e s w e r e n o t m a d e o n a c c o u n t o f t h e l a c k o f s u i t a b l e a p p a r a t u s. A L T E R N A T E M E T H O D O F S T A R T I N G A N D S T O P P I N G T E S T S. T h e A l t e r n a t e m e t h o d o f s t a r t i n g a n d s t o p p i n g a b o i l e r t e s t, w a s f o l l o w e d. T h e b o i l e r w a s h e a t e d b y a p r e l i m i n a r y r u n, a n d t h e p r e s s u r e w a s b r o u g h t u p t o e i g h t y p o u n d s g a u g e, t h e f i r e w a s c l e a n e d a n d b u r n i n g l o w. T h e a m o u n t o f c o a l l e f t i n t h e g r a t e w a s o b s e r v e d a n d o n e s t i m a t e m a d e a s n e a r l y a s c o u l d b e.

A t t h o b e g i n n i n g o f t h e t o s t t h e w a t e r l e v e l a s w e l l a s t h o t i m e w e r e r e c o r d e d * F r e s h c o a l, w h i c h w a s w e i g h e d b e f o r e h a n d, w a s t h e n f i r e d. T h e a s h p i t s w e r e a l s o w o l l c l e a n e d. B e f o r e t h o e n d o f t h e t e s t t h e f i r e w a s a g a i n b u r n i n g l o w, J u s t a s b e f o r e t h e s t a r t, a n d w a s c l e a n e d i n o u c h a m a n n e r a s t o l e a v e a b e d o f c o a l, i n t h o g r a t e, o f t h e s a m e d e p t h a n d i n t h e s a m e c o n d i t i o n a s a t s t a r t. T h e w a t e r l o v e l a n d t h o s t e a m p r e s s u r e w e r e p r e v i o u s l y b r o u g h t u p, a s n e a r l y a s p o s s i b l e, t o t h e s a m e p o i n t a s a t t h o s t a r t. A l l tills w a s d o n e a t t h e e n d o f a f o u r h o u r r u n. T h e s e c o n d t e s t w a s c a r r i e d o n i n t h e s a m e m a n n o r. W O R K D O N E D U R I N G R U N. T h e t e s t b e i n g s t a r t e d, a s e x p l a i n e d b e f o r e, r e a d i n g s w e r e t a k e n e v e r y t h i r t y m i n u t e s, a n d r e c o r d e d a s s h o w n i n t h e d a t a s h e e t. B o t h r u n s w e r e c o n d u c t e d, e x a c t l y, b y t h e s a m e m e t h o d j b u t o n d i f f e r e n t a f t e r n o o n s. T h o s t e a m f r o m t h e b o i l e r w a s s u p p l i e d t o a C o r l i s s e n g i n e, s i z e 8 " b y 8 4 n, m a n u f a c t u r e d b y t h e A l l i s C h a l m e r s C o., o f M i l w a u k e e, W i s c o n s i n. T h e e n g i n e e x h a u s t s i n t o a s u r f a c e c o n d e n s e r. R e a d i n g s a n d i n d i c a t o r c a r d s w o r o t a k e n, a s s h o w n i n e n g i n e d a t a s h e e t, a n d c o m p u t a t i o n s

7 7 0 r e m a d e i n o r d e r t o s e e h o w c l o s e t h e a m o u n t o f s t e a m g e n e r a t e d b y t h e b o i l e r w o u l d c h e c k w i t h t h a t u s e d b y t h e e n g i n e ; b u t a s s a i d b e f o r e, d u e t o t h e p o o r c o n d i t i o n o f t h e s t e a m m a i n, t h i s c h e c k w a s n o t p o s s i b l e. b r a k e I n t h e f i r s t t e s t, t h e A l o a d o n t h e e n g i n e n e t w a s o n e h u n d r e d p o u n d s Aw h i l e o n t h e s e c o n d i t w a s t w o h u n d r e d.

BOILER--- DATA T e s t N o. 1 Calorimeter- T i m e B. P. l b s. D r a f t g a u g e T e m p. f l u e g a s e s T e m p. f e e d w a t e r T e m p, ^ O a l. M a n. s t e a m i n c h e s i n C a l. G o a l # 1 2. 3 0 9 7. 0 0. 1 8 3 5 0 6 8 2 5 1 1 5 5. 0 1. 0 0 8 5. 0 0. 2 0 3 9 0 6 8 2 5 0 1. 1 5 8 5. 0 0. 2 9 4 1 0 6 0 2 5 1 * 1. 3 0 9 0. 0 0. 3 0 4 0 0 6 7 2 5 0 -. 1-1. 5 1 7 5. 0 1. 4 5 3 0. 0 0. 2 7 3 5 0 6 7 2 5 0 -. 2-1. 4 # 2. 0 0 8 0. 0 0. 3 1 3 7 5 6 5 2 5 0 -. 3-1. 5 2. 1 5 8 5. 0 0. 2 7 3 9 0 6 8 2 5 0 -. 2-1. 4 1 5 8. 0 2. 3 0 8 5. 0 0. 2 7 3 8 0 6 3 2 5 0 -. 1-1. 5 2. 4 5 8 5 9 0 0. 3 0 4 0 0 6 3 2 5 0 -. 1-1. 5 3. 0 0 8 7. 0 0. 3 0 4 0 0 6 4 2 4 9 0-1. 6 3. I S 9 0. 0 0. 2 9 4 1 0 6 4 2 4 9 0-1. 6 1 2 8. 0 3. 3 0 8 7. 0 0. 2 7 3 7 5 6 3 2 4 9 0-1. 6 3. 4 5 9 0. 0 0. 3 0 3 7 5 6 2 2 5 0 0-1. 6 # 4. 0 0 8 0. 0 0. 2 7 4 1 0 6 2 2 5 1 -. 1-1. 5 4. 1 5 8 5. 0 0. 2 8 3 7 5 6 2 2 5 0 0 1 * 6 # 4. 3 0 8 0. 0 0. 2 7 4 0 0 6 2 2 6 0 0-1. 6 4 h r s. 8 5. 6 8 0. 2 7 3 3 8 6. 9 6 4. 7 2 5 0 1. 3 8 4 6 1 6. 0 W e i g h t o f a s h e s a f t e r r u n * 8 7 l b s * W a t e r u s e d ( f r o m t a n k m e a s u r e m e n t s ) 2 1. 3 7 5 i n * 3 5 8 * 6 g a l l " " ( f r o m m o t o r ) «3 7 5. 0 g a l l * ( # ) T i m e a t w h i c h i n d i c a t o r c a r d s w e r e t a k e n if) Calorimeter manometer.

1 2 ENGINE DATA No. 1 T i m R. F. M. L o a d # T e m p. o f o o n d. s t e a m C o o l i n g w a t e r T e m p. o f T e m p. o f e n t e r i n g ; e x i t w a t e r w a t e r W a t e r u s e d c u b i c f e e t 1 2 * 3 0 1 0 9. 1 0 0 5 0 8 9 1 0. 0 1. 0 0 1 0 9 it it 1. 1 5 1 0 9 it i> * 1. 3 0 1 0 7 M 8 4. 0 it 9 4. 0 9 1 7 0. 0 1. 4 5 1 0 8 II «# 2. 0 0 1 1 0 2. 1 5 1 1 0 M * t «it 2. 3 0 2. 4 5 * 3. 0 0 1 1 0 II 8 8. 0 «9 0. 0 9 2 1 1. 0 3. 1 5 1 1 0 II 8 2. 0 ii 9 4. 0 9 2 8 7. 0 3. 3 0 1 1 0 II 8 2. 0 «9 4. 0 3. 4 5 1 1 0 N 8 8. 0 «9 6. 0 9 3 6 5. 0 # 4. 0 0 1 1 0 II 8 7. 0 «9 4. 0 4. 1 5 1 1 0 «8 6. 0 ii 9 3. 0 9 4 3 4. 0 # 4. 3 0 1 1 0 «8 6. 0 H 9 2. 0 9 5 0 8. 5 4 h r s. 1 0 9. 3 1 0 0 5 0 5 9 8. 5 W e i g h t o f c o n d e n s e d s t e a m i n 4 h r s. * 1 3 9 1 l b s. V a c u u m d u r i n g r u n» 2 5 i n. o f H g.

13 BOILER DATA T e s t N o. 2. T i m e B. P,, D r a f t g a u g e lbs,» T e m p. f l u e g a s e s T e m p. f e e d w a t e r T e m p, > C a l. M a n. s t e e j i I n c h e s W a t e r u s e d g a l l. G o a l # 1 0. 4 5 8 5 0. 5 0 4 6 0 6 0 2 5 1 -. 2-2. 2 7 8 4 3. 2 1 2 5. 5 # 1 1. 0 0 8 6 0. 6 1 4 5 0 6 0 2 5 1 -. 3-2. 5 1 1. 1 5 8 0 0. 5 0 4 5 0 6 0 2 5 0 -. 5-2. 2 1 1. 3 0 8 5 0. 5 2 4 7 5 5 8 2 5 1 -. 5-2. 2 * 1 1. 4 5 8 5 0. 5 0 4 6 9 6 2 2 6 1 -. 2-2. 0 7 9 5 8. 5 1 6 2. 0 1 2. 0 0 8 5 0. 5 6 4 7 5 6 8 2 6 1 -. 2-2. 1 1 2. 1 5 8 5 0. 4 8 4 0 0 6 0 2 6 1 0-2. 2 1 3 1. 0 * 1 2. 3 0 9 5 0. 5 6 4 8 0 6 0 2 5 1 -. 2-2. 3 1 2. 4 5 9 0 0. 6 6 4 7 5 6 0 2 5 1 1. 0 0 9 0 0. 5 0 4 5 0 5 8 2 5 1 1. I D 3 5 0. 4 9 4 6 0 5 8 2 5 1 1. 3 0 8 5 0. 5 8 4 2 5 5 8 2 5 1 N 9 8 0 7 0. 0 «9 8 2 1 2. 0 4 3 3. 0 * ft 1. 4 5 7 5 0. 5 3 4 5 0 6 0 2 5 1 0-2. 1 * 2. 0 0 8 5 0. 5 3 4 5 0 6 0 2 5 1 -. 1-2. 2 8 3 2 3. 0 2. 1 5 9 0 0. 6 3 4 6 0 6 0 2 5 1 -. 2-2. 3 * 2. 3 0 8 0 0. 5 3 4 6 0 6 0 2 6 1 -. 1-2. 2 2. 4 5 7 0 0. 5 3 4 2 5 0 0 2 5 1 0-2. 1 8 4 1 3. 5 2 4. 0 4 h r s. 8 4. ;'0 0. 5 2 4 5 5 0 0 2 8 1 2. 1 6 6 7 0. 3 8 6 5. 5 W e i g h t o f a s h e s a f t e r r u n» 8 0 l b s. W a t e r u s e d ( f r o m t a n k m e a s u r e m e n t s ) * 3 2 * 7 / 1 8 * 5 4 5 * 6 g a l l * W a t e r u s e d ( f r o m m e t e r ) «5 7 0 * 3 g a l l o n s * - T i m e a t??h i c h i n d i c a t o r c a r d s w e r e t a k e n

14 ENGINE DATA No, 2, T i m e R. P. M. L o a d l b s. T e m p. o f c o n d. s t e a m C o o l i n g w a t e r T e m p. o f T e m p. o f e n t e r i n g e x i t w a t e r w a t e r W a t e r u s e d c u b i c f e e t 1 0, 4 5 1 0 6 soo 9 4 5 2 9 0 1 0 5 6 5 0. 0 # 1 1, 0 0 1 1 0 II 9 2 M 84-1 0 0 3 0 0. 0 1 1. 1 5 1 0 4 «9 8 It 1 0 0 1 0 6 9 7 0. 0 1 1. 3 0 1 0 0 II 9 8 II 1 0 0 * 1 1. 4 5 1 0 4 11 1 0 0 It 1 0 0 1 0 7 4 5 0. 0 1 2. 0 0 1 0 5 N 1 0 0 II 1 0 2 ' 1 0 8 0 3 0. 0 I S. 1 6 1 0 7 «1 0 0 II 1 0 0 1 0 8 6 5 0. 0 * 1 2. 3 0 1 0 5 II 1 0 0 II 9 8 1 0 9 2 4 0. 0 1 2. 4 5 1 0 3 «9 8 N 9 8 1. 0 0 1 0 6 tt 9 6 II 9 8 1 1 0 4 4 0. 0 * 1. 1 5 1 0 5 II 9 9 II 9 7 1 1 1 0 7 0. 0 1. 3 0 1 0 7 II 9 7 N 9 8 1 1 1 5 1 0, 0 1. 4 5 1 0 4 H 9 6 II 9 4 1 1 2 2 2 C. 0 * 2. 0 0 1 0 3 II 9 8 II 9 8 1 1 2 8 0 0. 0 2. 1 6 1 0 6 H 1 0 4 It 9 6 1 1 3 4 3 0. 0 # 2. 3 0 1 0 5 M 1 0 0 II 9 4 1 1 3 9 1 0. 0 2. 4 5 1 0 4 II 9 8 9 2 1 1 4 6 2 0. 0 4 h r a. 1 0 5. 7 2 0 0 9 8. 1 5 2 9 8. 4 8 8 7 0. 0 W e i g h t o f c o n d e n s e d s t e a m i n 4 h r s.» 2 4 5 1 l b s. V a c u u m d u r i n g r u n * 2 2 i n, o f H g,

INDICATOR CARDS DATA A R E A M e a n e f f. P I. H. P. T p t a l O. E. ii. i_t# L e n g t h O. E. H. E * O. E. H. E. I. H. P. R. P. M. 0. 7 9 0. 8 0 3. 2 1 1 4. 9 1 4. 8 4. 8 6 4. 8 1 9. 6 7 1 0 7 0. 7 2 0. 7 3 3. 2 0 1 5. 8 1 4. 9 5. 2 9 5. 0 1 1 0. 3 0 1 1 0 0. 7 5 0. 8 0 3. 2 1 1 4. 8 1 3. 2 4. 4 2 4. 9 6 9. 3 8 1 1 0 0. 7 0 0. 7 9 3. 2 0 1 4. 9 1 4. 0 4. 9 9 4. 6 9 9. 6 8 1 1 0 0. 9 0 0. 8 5 3. 2 2 1 5. 8 1 4. 9 5. 2 9 4. 9 9 1 0. 2 8 1 1 0 9. 8 6 R U N N o. 2. A R E A. M e a n e f f. P I. H. P. T o t a l C. E. H. E. L e n g t h O. E. H. E # O. E. H. E. I. H. P. R. P. M. 0. 8 3 0. 8 0 3. 5 5 2 9. 8 2 8. 7 9. 9 9 9. 6 2 1 9. 6 1 1 1 0 0. 8 0 0. 8 3 3. 3 2 2 8. 9 3 0. 0 9. 1 5 9. 5 0 1 8. 6 5 1 0 4 00 c*-. o 0. 8 0 3. 3 5 2 8. 0 2 8. 7 9. 1 3 9. 3 5 1 8. 4 8 1 0 7 0. 7 9 0. 8 0 3. 3 2 2 8. 6 2 8. 9 9. 1 5 9. 2 4 1 8. 3 9 1 0 6 0. 7 9 0. 8 0 3. 3 3 2 8. 5 2 8. 8 8. 9 4 9. 0 3. 1 7. 9 7 1 0 3 0. 7 9 0. 8 0 3. 3 2 2 8. 9 2 8. 9 9. 1 1 9. 2 4 1 8. 3 4 1 0 5 1 8. 9 0

D A T A A N D R E S U L T S O F E V A P O R A T I V E T E S T S. M a d e b y # o f L e f f e l b o i l e r a t t h e M e c h a n i c a l L a b o r a t o r y, t o d o t e r m i n e t h e e f f i c i e n c y a n d e v a p o r a t i v e p o w e r o f t h i s t y p e o f b o i l e r. 1 - D a t e o f t r i a l s.. «. M a r c h 2 3 a n d A p r i l 6, 1 9 1 0 2 - D u r a t i o n o f t r i a l s........ «. 4 h o u r s. D I M E N S I O N S A N D P R O P O R T I O N S. 3 - G r a t o s u r f a c e.. w i d t h» 2 4 % l a n g h t = 4 8 % a r e a» 8 s q. f t. 4- ^ e i g h t o f f u r n a c e.......... 1 6. 5 in. 5 - A p p r o x i m a t e w i d t h o f a i r s p a c e s i n g r a t e... 0. 5 * 6 - P r o p o r t i o n o f a i r s p a c e t o w h o l e g r a t e s u r f a c e * 5 0 7 - W a t e r h e a t i n g s u r f a c e........... 2 5 2. 0 0 s q. f t. \ 8 - S u p e r h e a t i n g ; s u r f a c e.... 1. 3 9 H M 9 - R a t i o o f w a t e r h e a t i n g s u r f a c e t o g r a t e s u r f a c e. 3 1. 5 tc 1 1 0 - R a t i o o f m i n i m u m d r a f t a r e a t o g r a t e s u r f a c e... 1 t o 8. 1 1 1 - A V E R A G E P R E S S U R E S. RUn#1 R u n # 2. 1 1 - S t e a m p r e s s u r e b y g a u g e...» # / o q. i n. 8 5. 6 8 8 4. 7 6 1 2 - F o r c e o f d r a f t b e t w e e n d a m p e r a n d b o i l e r........ i n. o f w a t e r 0. 2 7 3 0. 5 2 A V E R A G E T E M P E R A T U R E S. 1 3 - T e m p e r a t u r e o f e x t e r n a l a i r... D e g. F. 7 5. 0 7 4. 0 1 4 - ** H f i r e r o o m... ** 8 0. 0 3 0. 0

R u n # l R u n f t. 1 5 - T e m p e r a t u r e o f s t e a m... D e g. F. 3 2 8. 0 2 3 2 7. 2 9 1 6 - w " f e e d w a t e r e n t e r i n g b o i l e r... * 6 4. 7 5 6 0. 0 1 7 - T e m p e r a t u r e o f e s c a p i n g g a s e s f r o m b o i l e r..... * 3 8 6. 0 0 4 5 5. 0 F U E L. 1 B - S l z e....... S m a l l L a r g e. 19-7/oight o f c o a l a s f i r e d... *, l b s. 6 1 6. 0 8 6 5. 5 2 0 - P e r c e n t a g e o f m o i s t u r e i n o o a l % 1 0. 5 5 8. 5 1 2 1 - T o t a l w e i g h t o f d r y c o a l c o n s u m e d. 6 5 1. 0 1 7 9 1. 8 4 2 2 - T o t a l a s h a n d r e f u s e........ l b s. 8 7. 0 0 6 0. 0 0 2 3 - Q u a l i t y o f a s h a n d r e f u s e.... F i n e F i n o. 2 4 - T o t a l c o m b u s t i b l e o o n s u m e d.. * 4 8 2. 8 6 7 2 4. 8 3 2 5 - P e r c e n t a g e o f a s h a n d r e f u s e i n d r y c o a l.... % 1 4. 1 5 8. 3 3 P R O X I M A T E A N A L Y S I S O F C O A L. 2 6 - F i x e d c a r b o n..... $ 4 8. 6 2 4 5. 7 0 2 7 - V o l a t i l e m a t t e r. 3 2. 1 7 4 4. 3 2 2 8 - M o i s t u r e.... 1 0. 5 5 8. 5 1 2 9 - A s h....... $> 1 2. 3 7 9. 5 0 A N A L Y S I S O F A S H A N D R E F U S E. 3 0 - C a r b o n........ p 8 7. 6 3 9 1. 5 0 3 1 - E a r t h y m a t t e r... $ 1 2. 3 7 9. 5 0

F U E L P E R H O U R. R u n # 1. R u n # 2. 5 2 - D r y o o a l c o n s u m e d p e r h o u r, l b s. 1 3 7. 7 5 1 9 7. 9 6 5 5 - C o m b u s t i b l e c o n s u m e d p e r h o u r... 1 1 2 0. 7 1 1 8 1. 1 3 5 4 - D r y c o a l p e r s q. f t, o f g r a t e s u r f a c e p e r h o u r.... * 1 7. 2 2 2 4. 4 9 3 5 - C o m b u s t i b l e p e r s q. f t, o f g r a t e s u r f a c e p e r h o u r... w 1 5. 1 1 2 2. 6 4 C A L O R I F I C V A L U E O F F U E L. 3 6 - C a l o r i f i c v a l u e b y c a l o r i m e t e r p e r l b. o f d r y c o a l... B. T. U. 1 0 6 8 9. 0 0 1 2 7 1 2. 0 0 3 7 - C a l o r i f i c v a l u e b y c a l o r i m e t e r p e r l b. o f c o m b u s t i b l e. B. T. U, 1 2 8 0 6. O C 1 4 3 9 8. 0 0 Q U A L I T Y O F S T E A M. 3 8 - P e r o e n t a g e o f m o i s t u r e i n t h e s t e a m... * % 5. 8 4 5. 7 3 3 9 - Q u a l i t y o f s t e a m, ( D r y e t e a m = T 0 0 ) 9 4. 1 6 9 4. 2 7 W A T E R. 4 0 - T o t a l w e i g h t o f w a t e r f e d t o b o i l e r... l b s. 2 9 8 5. 3 3 4 5 4 3. 3 3

Run#1 R u n # E. 41-Equivalent water fed to boiler from and at 212 Deg, 3552.54 5406.56 42-Water actually evaporated, corrected for quality of steam,... 2810.97 4282.99 43-Factor of evaporation.. 1.19 1.194 44-Equivalent water evaporated into dry steam from and at 212 D e g. F. ( I t e m.42 * Item 43) 55345.05 5406.75 WATER PER HOUR. 45-Water evaporated per hour corrected for quality ofi steam.... 702.74 1070.75 46-Equivalent evaporation per hour from and at 212 Deg, 836.26 1274.18 47-Equivalent evaporation per hour from and at 212 Deg. per sq.ft.of water heating surface...... 3.31 5.05 HORSE POWER. 48-Horse power developed (34.5 lbs.evaporated per hour into V, \

20 Ruri#l. R u n # 2. d r y 8 t e a m f r o m a n d a t 2 1 2 D e g. = 1 H. P... 2 0. 3 7 3 1. 0 4 4 9 - B u i l d e r ' s r a t e d H. P. 25. 2 5. 5 0 - P e r c e n t a g e o f b u i l d e r ' s r a t e d h o r s e p o w e r... % 8 1. 9 4 1 2 4. 0 4 E C O N O M I C R E S U L T S. 5 1 - W a t e r a p p a r e n t l y e v a p o r a t e d u n d e r a c t u a l c o n d i t i o n s p e r l b. o f c o a l a s f i r e d. ( I t e m 4 0 f l t e m 1 9 )... 4. 3 5 5. 2 5 5 2 - E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n f r o m a n d a t 2 1 2 D e g. p e r l b. o f o o a l a s f i r e d. ( I t e m 4 4 «r l t e m 1 9 )....,... 5. 4 3 5. 8 6 5 3 - E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n f r o m a n d a t 2 1 2 D e g. p e r lb. o f d r y c o a l. ( I t e m 4 4 f l t e m 2 1 )... 6. 0 7 6. 4 3 5 4 - E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n f r o m a n d a t 2 1 2 D e g. p e r lb. o f c o m b u s t i b l e. ( I t e m 4 4 -r I t e m 2 4 )........ 6. 9 3 7. 0 3

R u n # l. R u n # 2. E F F I C I E N C Y. 5 5 - E f f i c i e n c y o f t h e b o i l e r, h e a t a b s o r b e d b y t h e b o i l e r p e r l b # o f c o m b u s t i b l e d i v i d e d b y t h e h e a t v a l u e o f 1 l b. o f c o m b u s t i b l e...... % 5 2. 0 1 4 7. 1 5 5 6 - E f f i c i e n c y o f b o i l e r i n c l u d i n g g r a t e ; h e a t a b s o r b e d b y t h e b o i i e r p e r l b. o f d r y c o a l, d i v i d e d b y t h e h e a t v a l u e o f 1 l b. o f d r y c o a l.... % 6 3 * 1 7 5 3. 4 1 C O S T O F 3 V A P 0 R A T I 0 M. 5 7 - C o s t o f c o a l p e r t o n o f 2 0 0 0 l b s. d e l i v e r e d i n b o i l e r r o o m.... $ 2. 7 5 2. 9 5 5 8 - C o s t o f f u e l f o r e v a p o r a t i n g 1, 0 0 0 l b s. o f w a t e r u n d e r o b s e r v e d c o n d i t i o n s... $ 0. 4 1 0. 2 9 5 9 - C o s t o f f u e l f o r e v a p o r a t i n g 1, 0 0 0 l b s. o f w a t e r f r o m a n d a t 2 1 2 D e g...... $ 0. 3 4 0. 2 4

METHODS OP FIRING. R u n # 1 R u n # 2. 6 0 - K i n d o f f i r i n g....... H A N D. 6 1 - A v e r a g e t h i c k n e s s o f f i r e, i n c h e s. 4. 0 7. 0 6 2 - n i n t e r v a l s b e t w e e n f i r i n g s d u r i n g t i m e w h e n f i r e i s i n n o r m a l c o n d i t i o n * M i n * 1 2. 0 1 0. 0 6 3 - A v e r a g e i n t e r v a l s b e t w e e n t i m e s o f l e v e l l i n g o r b r e a k i n g u p... M 1 5. 0 1 0. 0

T E S T S F O R P E R C E N T O F M O I S T U R E I N C O A L. A P P A R A T U S U S E D * B a l a n c e, w a t c h g l a s s e s, m e r c u r y t h e r m o s t a t,a n d t h e r m o m e t e r s. M E T H O D O F T E S T I N G. T h e c o a l w a s f i r s t c r u s h e d u n t i l i t w a s v e r y f i n e a n d t h e n t h o r o u g h l y m i x e d. T h e w a t o h g l a s s e s w e r e p l a c e d i n s i d e o f t h e t h e r m o s t a t a n d l e f t t h e r e t o d r y. A f t e r w a r d s, t h e y w o r e w e i g h e d a c c u r a t e l y a n d t o t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e w e i g h t s o n e g r a n o f c o a l w a s a d d e d. T o g e t h e r w i t h t h e c o a l t h e y w o r e p l a c e d o n c e m o r o i n t h e t h e r m o s t a t a n d l e f t t h e r e f o r a n h o u r, a f t e r w h i c h t h e y w e r e t a k e n o u t a n d w e i g h e d a g a i n. T h e p e r c e n t o f m o i s t u r e w a s t h e n d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e l o s s i n w e i g h t. R E S U L T S. S a m p l e s o f c o a l u s e d i n b o i l e r t e s t N o. l. * G l a s s H o. 5 7, w e i g h e d...... 5. 2 8 7 6 g m s. C o a l, w e i g h e d... 1. 0 0 0 0 w T o t a l......... 6. 2 3 7 6 w G o a l a n d g l a s s, a f t e r d r y i n g. *».. 6. 1 8 2 1 M D i f f e r e n c e.... 0. 1 0 5 5 P e r c e n t o f m o i s t u r e....... 1 0. 5 5 %

S e c o n d t r i a l # G l a s s H o # 7, w e i g h e d.................. 6. 2 0 8 9 g m s. C o al, w e i g h e d #............... 1. 0 0 0 0 w T o t a l... 7. 2 6 8 9 w C o a l a n d g l a s s, a f t e r d r y i n g.... 7. 1 6 3 4 11 D i f f e r e n c e...... 0. 1 0 5 5 N P e r c e n t o f m o i s t u r e......... *... 1 0. 5 5 fo S a m p l e s o f c o a l u d e d i n b o i l e r t e s t H o. 2. G l a s s H o. 5 5, w e i g h e d....... 4. 5 6 3 9 g m s. C o a l, w e i g h e d....... 1. 0 0 0 0 w T o t a l... 5. 5 6 9 9 " C o a l a n d g l a s s, a f t e r d r y i n g...... 5. 4 8 3 5 n D i f f e r e n c e........ 0. 0 8 5 4 R P e r c e n t o f m o i s t u r e....... 8. 5 4 <fo S e c o n d t r i a l. G l a s s N o. 4 8, w e i g h e d..... 4. 5 9 6 5 g m s. C o a l, wro i g h c l............................ 1. 0 0 0 0 ** T o t a l... *... 5. 5 8 6 5 H C o a l a n d g l a s s, a f t e r d r y i n g.......... 5. 5 0 1 6 M D i f f e r e n c e.................. 0. 0 3 4 9 * P e r c e n t o f m o i s t u r e. 9.49 $

S a m p l e o f a s h f r o m t o s t N o * 2. C r u c i b l e N o. 1 5, w e i g h e d,...... *... 8 * 1 2 9 2 gras. A s h, w e i g h e d............................ 1. 0 0 0 0 ' " T o t a l, b e f o r e b u r n i n g. 9.1292 n C r u c i b l e a n d a s h, a f t e r b u r n i n g. 8. 7 7 6 5 tt D i f f e r e n c e.... 0. 3 5 2 7 P e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e.... 3 5. 2 7 ^ S e c o n d t r i a l. C r u c i b l e N o. 13, w e i g h e d.... 7. 0 5 3 4 g m s * A s h, w e i g h e d....... 1. 0 Q 0 0 M T o t a l, b e f o r e b u r n i n g.... 3.0534- w C r u c i b l e a n d a s h, a f t e r b u r n i n r.... ** 7. 7 0 0 0 " D i f f e r e n c e... 0. 3 5 3 4 " P e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e................. 3 5. 3 4 % A M O U N T OF COMBUSTIBLE I N COAL. T h e s a m e m e t h o d f o l l o w e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e a m o u n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e i n t h e a s h w a s u s e d i n t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e a m o u n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e i n t h e c o a l, S a m p l e s o f c o a l u s e d i n t e s t N o. l. C r u c i b l e N o. 3, w e i g h e d................. 1 5. 9 8 5 0 g m s. C o a l, w e i g h e d.... 1. 0 0 0 0 M T o t a l b e f o r e b u r n i n g... 1 6. 9 6 5 0 M C r u c u b l e a n d c o a l, a f t e r b u r n i n g........ 1 6. 0 3 9 3 * D i f f e r e n c e... 0. 8 7 6 7 ** P e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e.. *.... 9 7. 6 7 %

A M O U N T O F C O M B U S T I B L E I N A S H, T w o p l a t i n u m o r u c i b l e s w e r e h e a t e d u p f o r a v / h i l e, u n t i l t h e y w e r e r e d h o t, t h e n a l l o w e d t o c o o l a n d w e i g h e d. O n e g r a m o f s a m p l e a s h w a s p u t i n e a c h a n d t h e n t h e y wore h e a t e d b y a v e r y h o t f l a m e f o r 2 0 m i n u t e s T h e n a l l o w e d t o c o o l a n d w e i g h e d a g a i n # T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n w e i g h t s d e t e r m i n e s t h e p e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e m a t t e r i n t h e a s h. R E S U L T S. S a m p l e o f a s h f r o m Tefet ITo.l. L a r g e c r u c i b l e, w e i g h e d................. 2 0 * 1 5 6 5 g m s. A s h, w e i g h e d. «1. 0 0 0 0 11 T o t a l, b e f o r e b u r n i n g.... 2 1. 1 5 6 5 M C r u c i b l e a n d a s h, a f t e r b u r n i n g.... 2 0 * 6 8 5 8 u D i f f e r e n c e ;..»...... 0. 4 5 0 7 ** P e r c o n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e.... 4 5 * 0 7 fo S e c o n d t r i a l. S m a l l c r u c i b l e, w e i g h e d *...... 1 5. 9 7 4 9 g m s. A s h, w e i g h e d...... 1. 0 0 0 0 * T o t a l, b e f o r e b u r n i n g.... I. 9 7 4 9 * C r u c i b l e a n d a s h, a f t e r b u r n i n g. 1 6. 5 1 7 3 * D i f f e r e n c e....... 0. 4 5 7 6 * P e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e * *. 4 5. 7 6 ft

S e c o n d t r i a l. H o w c r u c i b l e, w e i g h e d........ 2 0. 2 6 9 1 g m s. C o a l, w e i g h e d.... 1. 0 0 0 0 ** T o t a l, h e x o r e b u r n i n g... 2 1. 2 6 9 1 " C r u c i b l e a n d c o a l, a f t e r b u r n i n g... 2 0. 3 9 3 0 * D i f f e r e n c e... 0. 9 7 6 1 P e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e..... 8 7. 6 1 $ S a m p l e s o f c o a l u s e d i n T e s t H o.2. C r u c i b l e, w e i g h e d...... 2 0. 1 4 1 8 g m s. C o a l, w e i g h e d... 1. 0 0 0 0 T o t a l, b e f o r e b u r n i n g........ 2 1. 1 4 1 3 ** C r u c i b l e a n d c o a l, a f t e r b u r n i n g......... 2 0. 9 2 2 6 n D i f f e r e n c e.... 0. 9 1 9 2 P e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e.............. 9 1. 9 2 $ S e c o n d t r i a l. C r u c i b l e N o. 9, w e i r e d........ *.... 7. 9 7 2 8 g m s. 0 o a l, w e i g h e d.... 1. 0 0 0 0 H T o t a l, b e f o r e b u r n i n g.... 3. 9 7 2 8 M C r u c i b l e a n d c o a l, a f t e r b u r n i n g...... 8. 0 6 2 0 u D i f f e r e n c e......... 0. 9 1 0 8 u P e r c e n t o f c o m b u s t i b l e. 9 1 * 0 8 fo

I N D I C A T E D H O R S E P O W E R A H D B R A K E H O R S E P O W E R, I n d i c a t o r c a r d s w o r e t a k e n d u r i n g t h e r u n a t d i f f e r e n t I n t e r v a l s o f t i m e t o c o m p u t e t h e I * H, P, I n w h i c h ; P L A H I. H. P. «--------- 3 3 0 0 0 P = M e a n e f f e c t i v e p r e s s u r e i n # / s q, i n. L a S t r o k e o f e n g i n e i n f e e t * A «A r e a o f c y l i n d e r i n s q, i n, N * R e v o l u t i o n s p e r m i n u t e 2 t l n R w B «H, P * a «3 3 0 0 0 W h e r e W = L o a d i n l b s. B, H, P * R u n H o, 1 8, 7 7 9. 2 3 9. 3 3 9. 2 3 9. 2 3 B. E. P. R u n H o. 2 11.11 1 4. 2 8 1 4. 7 0 1 4. 4 2 1 4. 1 5 1 4. 4 2

P E R P E N T O P M O I S T U R E I N S T E A M * T H R O T T L I N G C A L O R I M E T E R. F o r m u l a * H - q + 0» 4 6 ( t ' - t ) r I n w h i c h H w T o t a l b o a t i n o n e l b. o f s t e a m a t c a l o r i m e t e r p r e s s u r e q * H e a t o f l i q u i d d u e t o p r e s s u r e I n m a i n p i p e a s g i v e n i n s t e a m t a b l e r «L a t e n t h e a t a t b o i l e r p r e s s u r e t a R e a d i n g o f t h e r m o m e t e r i n c a l o r i m e t e r ( D e g. F ) t = H o r n a l t e m p e r a t u r e o f s t e a m i n c a l o r i m e t e r d u e t o c a l o r i m e t e r p r e s s u r e ( D e g. F ) R U N N O. 1. ' F r o m d a t a : R e a d, o f t h e r m, i n e a l. - ----- 2 5 0. 0 d e g. F M a n o m e t r i c r e a d i n g ( a v e ) - ---------- 1. 5 8 4 i n. O n e i n c h o f m e r c u r y - - ------------------ 0. 4 9 1 #/oq.ii 1. 3 8 4 > 0. 4 9 1» 0. 6 8 0 # / s q.?, n.. A t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s, f o r I o w a C i t y 1 4. 8 7 # \ 0. 6 8 + 1 4. 8 7» 1 5. 5 5 A b s. P r e s s. A v e. B 6 1 1 e r p r e s s u r e = 8 5. 6 8 l b s. «1 0 0. 5 5 ( a b s. )

30 P t q H r A b s. T e m p * H e a t o f T o t a l L a t e n t P r e s s * d o g. l i q u i d h o a t h e a t l b s. P B. T. U. B. T. U. B. T. U. E n t e r i n g s t e a m... 1 0 0. 6 5 ------- 2 9 9. 3 4 ---------- 8 8 2. 7 7 I n G a l.... 1 5. 5 5 2 1 4. 8 1 ------- 1 1 4 7. 4 5 --------- F r o m w h i c h? 1 1 4 7. 4 5-2 9 9. 3 4 + $. 4 8 ( 2 6 0-2 1 4. 8 1 ) X a ------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 8 8 2, 7 7 8 3 1 * 2 3 a ----------- -- 0. 9 4 1 6 3 8 2 * 7 7 = 9 4 * 1 6 f o f d r y s t e a m 1 0 0. 0 0-9 4. 1 6 = 5. 8 4 f o f m o i s t u r e R U B N O. 2. F r o m d a t a? R e a d i n g o f t h e r m o m e t e r i n c a l * -----2 5 1 d e g. p! {!> M a n o m e t r i o r e a d i n g ------ ------- - 2. 1 6 i n. O n e i n c h o f H g * ------------------ D. 4 9 1 # 2. 1 6 x 0. 4 9 1 «1, 0 6 # / s q. i n. A v e, B o i l e r p r e s s. - ----------- 8 5. 6 8 # fibs, n * 9 9. 2 0 # i A t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s. ------------- 1 4. 8 7 * 1. 9 6 + 1 4. 8 7 «1 5. 9 3 #

P t q H r A b o. T e m p * H e a t o f T o t a l h e a t L a t e n t P r e s s d e g * l i q u i d h e a t l b s. F B. T. U. B * T. U. B * T * U. E n t e r i n g s t e a m... 9 9 * 2 0 ------ 2 9 8 * 3 4 ---------- 3 3 3 * 3 0 I n C a l... 1 5, 9 3 2 1 6. 1 --------- 1 1 4 7. 8 3 ------- P r o m w h i c h! 1147.8:5-2 9 8 * 3 4 + 0. 4 8 ( 2 5 1-2 1 6. 1 ) X s ------------------- ----------------------------- 8 3 2. 7 6 =r----. s 0. 9 4 2 7 8 8 3. 3 0 8 8 3. 3 0 = 9 4. 2 7 fo o f d r y s t e a m. 1 0 0. 0 0-9 4. 2 7 13 5. 7 3 fo o f m o i s t u r e. T E M P E R A T U R E O F F U R H A C E. I n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e f u r n a c e t h e c a l o r i m e t r i c p y r o m e t e r w a s u s e d * P y r o m e t e r s o f t h i s c l a s s d e t e r m i n e t h e t e m p e r a t u r e b y h e a t i n g a r e f r a c t o r y s u b s t a n c e t o t h e h e a t o f t h e m e d i u m w h o s e t e m p e r a t u r e i s t o b e m e a s u r e d. S u d d e n l y d r o p p i n g t h e h e a t e d b o d y i n t o a l a r g e m a s s o f w a t e r, t h e h e a t g i v e n o f f b y t h e b o d y i s e q u a l t o t h a t g a i n e d b y t h e w a t e r ; f r o m t h i s o p e r a t i o n a n d t h e k n o w n s p e c i f i c h e a t o f t h e s u b s t a n c e, t h e t e m p e r a t u r e I s c o m p u t e d.

T h u s, l e t Kti S p e c i f i c h e a t o f t h e b o d y # M = W e i g h t o f b o d y # W = w w w a t e r. t ~ T e m p e r a t u r e o f w a t e r b e f o r e # - t,=s n n n a f t e r t h e b o d y h a s b e e n i m m e r s e d # T=* w ff t h e h e a t e d b o d y, t * = F i n a l t e m p e r a t u r e # T h e n : F r o m w h i c h ; K M ( T - t * ) «W ( t * - t ) W T =-#4. (t» - t ) + t' M K S p e c i f i c h e a t o f f i r e b r i c k ^ 0. 3 2 F i r s t d e t e r m i n a t i o n. H U H H O. 1# W e i g h t o f b r i c k............... 7. 2 5 l b s. W e i g h t o f w a t e r..... 2 1. 0 0 M T e m p o f w a t o r, b e f o r e. 5 6. 0 0 D e g. F. * ", a f t e r... 1 7 0. 0 0 " F r o m w h i c h : 21 T = --------------- ( 1 7 0-5 6 ) 4* 1 7 0. 7.25 x 0.22 = 1 6 7 6. 0 D e g. F.

S e c o n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n.!i = 6. 8 7 6 l b s. t = 5 6 D e g. F. TJ = 2 3. " t ' = 1 6 0 " From Tillich t 2 3 T ------------------ ( 1 6 0-5 6 ) 4 1 6 0. 6. 8 7 5 * 0. 2 2 a 1 7 4 3. 0 D e g. F. R U N N O. 2. M = 6 l b s. - 1 0 o z. t 8 5 8 D e g. F. V = 20 M - 4 tt t * ~ 2 1 0 S c a l e c o r r e c t i o n = 1 2 p z. F r o m w h i c h : 1 9. 5 T --------------- ( 2 1 0-5 8 ) 4 2 1 0. 5. 3 7 k 0. 2 2 a 2 5 0 6. 7 D e g. F. S e c o n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n. M a 6 l b s. - 4 o z. t «5 8 D e g. F. YI ~ 21 * t * = 2 0 0 w F r o m w h i c h : 21 T s ------- ----- ( 2 0 0-5 8 ) 4 2 0 0 6. 2 5 * 0. 2 2 a 2 3 6 9. 7 D e g. F.

CALIBRA TIO N OP WATER M ETER. 34

GRAPHICAL LOG FOR T EST. NO. 1. 35

GRAPHICAL LOG FOR T E ST NO. 2. 36

37 C O N C L U S I O N S. F r o m t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s e c o n d t e s t I t i s a e o n t h a t t h e h o r s e p o w e r d e v e l o p e d w a s 3 1. 0 4, t h e b u i l d e r s r a t e d h o r s e p o w e r b e i n g 2 5, t h e p e r c e n t o f o v o r l o a d i s 2 4 «0 4 *fo» T o a s c e r t a i n t h e e c o n o m y o f t h e b o i l e r a c o m p a r i s o n h a s b e e n m a d e w i t h s o m e o t h e r b o i l e r t e s t s, a s s h o w n i n t h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e t K i n d o f b o i l e r R a t e d H * P. D e v e l o p e d H. P. E q u i. e v a p / l b C o m b D r y C o a l b u r n e d / s a. f t, G. S, A u t h o r i t y, L E F F E L... 2 5 2 0. 5 7 6, 9 5 1 7. 2 2 $ e e t # l. n 2 5 3 1. 0 4 7. 0 5 3 4. 4 9 T e a t #. ^ H e i n e, w a t e r t u b e...... 2 1 0 2 1 4. 4 0 9. 7 6 2 5. 5 0 U n i v. I l l. B u l l e t i n 30 L o c o m o t i v e *.* 2 5 1. 7 0 1 5. 2 4 2 4 6 0 U»S»vJGO.S B u l l e t i n 4 1 2 B a b c o c k & W i l c o X. 1 5 5. 6 0 1 8. 8 2 1 0. 0 0 K e n t. p g. 6 8 5.

C o m p a r i n g t h e L e f f e l b o i l e r w i t h t h o o t h e r s m o n t i o n e d, i t i s s e e n t h a t i t i s f a i r l y e c o n o m i c a l,w h e n i t s s i z e i s - c o n s i d e r e d. T h e e q u i v a l e n t o f e v a p o r a t i o n f r o m a n d a t 2 3 2 D e g. F. p e r l b. o f c o m b u s t i b l e, o f t h e o t h e r t y p e s i s h i g h e r, e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h e l o c o m o t i v e b o i l e r, t h e d i f f e r e n c e, h o w e v e r, i s n o t g r e a t. I t m u s t b e u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e e v a p o r a t i v e t e s t s, a s r e p o r t e d, a r e t h e a v e r a g e s o f t h e r e a d i n g s a s g i v e n i n d a t a s h e e t s. T h e c o a l u s e d i n t h e f i r s t t e s t w a s o f a v e r y s m a l l s i z e a n d t h e a i r s p a c e I n t h e g r a t e s b e i n g h a l f a n i n c h, a l a r g e p a r t o f i t w e n t t h r o u g h u n b u m t, a n d t h i s a c c o u n t s f o r t h e l a r g o q u a n t i t y o f a s h i n t h i s t e s t c o m p a r e d w i t h t h a t o f t h e s e c o n d, e v e n t h o u g h m e r e c o a l w a s f i r e d i n t h e l a t t e r c a s e. T h i s b o H e r, w i t h a f e e d w a t e r h e a t e r s h o u l d g i v e g o o d r e s u l t s. T h e w a t e r c a p a c i t y i s n o t l a r g e a n d w a t e r m u s t b e f e d i n t o i t o g t e n. T h e w a t e r b e i n g c o l d c h i l l s t h e b o i l e r a n d m a k e s i t h a r d t o k e e p u p p r e s s u r e. T h e c o a l u s e d i n t h e t e s t s I s o f t h e s a m e q u a l i t y u s e d i n t h e U n i v e r s i t y p o w e r p l a n t, w h e r e s t o k e r s a r e o p e r a t e d, a n d, t h e r e f o r e, i t i s o f a c h e a p g r a d e. l t f o r m s c l i n k e r s a n d t h e f i r e m u s t b e s t i r r e d a n d c l e a n e d o f t e n, c a u s i n g t h e a s h t o c o n t a i n s u c h a l a r g e q u a n t i t y o f c o m b u s t i b l e m a t t e r.

T h e c h a r a c t e r o f f u r n a c e a n d t h e c o n s t a n t t r o u b l e w i t h c l i n k e r s m a y a c c o u n t f o r t h e s m a l l e r q u a n t i t y o f c o a l p e r s q u a r e f o o t o f g r a t e s u r f a c e b u r n e d i n t h i s b o i l e r, a s c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e o t h e r s, e x c e p t i n o n e i n s t a n c e, t h e d a t a f o r w h i c h w a s s e c u r e d t w e n t y f i v e y e a r s a g o. A t t h i s t i m e f u r n a c e s m a y n o t h a v e b e e n a s e f f i c i e n t a s t h e y a r e a t p r e s e n t. l t m a y b o c o n c l u d e d, t h e r e f o r e, s o f a r a s t h i s t e s t g o e s t h a t e i t h e r t h e g r a t e s u r f a c e i s i n a d e q u a t e f o r t h e k i n d s o f c o a l u s e d o r t h e a i r s p a c e a n d d r a f t i s i n s u f f i c i e n t t o p r o d u c e r a p i d c o m b u s t i o n. I t i s u n f o r t u n a t e t h a t t h e t w o e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t t e s t s h a v e b e e n c o m b i n e d i n t h a t d i f f e r e n t c o a l s w e r e u s e d a n d d i f f e r e n t e n g i n e l o a d s o n t h e t w o d a t e s. l t w o u l d h a v e b e e n b e t t e r t o h a v e t r i e d t h e s a m e l o a d w i t h d i f f e r e n t c o a l s o r d i f f e r e n t l o a d s w i t h t h e s a m e c o a l. I n t h a t c a s e s o m e d e f i n i t e c o n c l u s i o n s m i g h t h a v e b e e n d r a w n i n r e g a r d t o t h e r e l a t i v e s t e a m i n g c a p a c i t i e s a t d i f f e r e n t l o a d s o r w i t h d i f f e r e n t c o a l s.

T h e r e s u l t s s h o w, h o w e v e r, t h e f a c t t h a t s u c h a b o i l e r m a y c a r r y w i t h c o m p a r a t i v e e a s e a 2 5 $ o v e r l o a d e v e n w i t h u n s u i t a b l e c o a l a n d t h a t i n e v a p o r a t i v e e f f i c i e n c y i t c o m p a r e s v e r y f a v o r a b l y w i t h w a t e r t u b e b o i l e r s h a v i n g m u c h m o r e e l a b o r a t e, c o s t l y, a n d e x t e n s i v e f u r n a c e a r r a n g m o n t s #