Rohanak REZAEIPOUR, Ahad KAZEMI, Mlad TAYEI 3 Iran Unverty of cence and Technology (,, 3 Operatonal comparon of a new FAT controller (RHF wth other FAT devce conderng modfed teadytate model Abtract. In th paper, optmal power flow (OPF appled to optmally locate Rotary Hybrd Flow ontroller (RHF and three other Flexble A Tranmon ytem (FAT devce to optmze the total fuel cot, power loe and ytem loadablty a obectve functon. The teadytate model of FAT controller are developed a a power necton model. A quanttatve comparon of them are alo nvetgated from economcal and techncal pont of vew. mulaton are performed on IEEE 4bu and 8bu tet ytem ung Matlab and GAM oftware envronment. trezczene. W artykule opano trategę optymalnego przepływu mocy OPF uzykaną przez zatoowane układu RHF (Rptary Hybrd Flow ontroller oraz urządzeń ytemu FAT. Oągnęto optymalne: kozt palw, traty mocy obcążalność. (Zatoowane nowego kontrolera RHF do optymalzac przepływu mocy w yteme energetycznym Keyword: Rotary Hybrd Flow ontroller (RHF, Flexble A Tranmon ytem (FAT, Optmal ocaton, Power Inecton Model łowa kluczowe: RHF rotary hybrd flow controler, FAT, optymalzaca Introducton One of the mot mportant and frequently ued analy for control and operaton of power ytem the optmal power flow (OPF program. An OPF program provde the mot economcal operatng pont that meet all the flow and voltage contrant related to power ytem performance. Flexble A Tranmon ytem (FAT controller are characterzed by ther ablty to provde dynamc control and compenaton of voltage and power flow []. Optmal allocaton of FAT devce are playng an ncreangly gnfcant role n enhancement of ytem relablty and ytem dynamc behavour. Many reearche have been done on the optmal locaton of FAT devce [4]. The obectve of th paper to provde approprate model of FAT controller for optmzaton and preent optmal placement and zng of FAT controller for three obectve functon ncludng total fuel cot, power loe and ytem loadablty. Alo, a quanttatve comparon of FAT controller are nvetgated from economcal and techncal pont of vew. In th paper, four typcal FAT devce have been nvetgated:phae hftng Tranformer (, Unfed Power Flow ontroller (UPF, Hybrd Flow ontroller (HF and Rotary Hybrd Flow ontroller (RHF a a new member of FAT controller. one of the mot brllant of FAT controller whch can nect a ere voltage to tranmon lne wth controlled phae angle and magntude. The manly compoed of a et of mechancal wtche that change the turn rato of tranformer. Due to low functon of mechancal wtche, the not utable for dynamc tude [56]. UPF the mot powerful and veratle FAT controller whch capable of provdng actve and reactve power control and voltage magntude control []. The defntve and techncal feature of UPF dcued n [7]. UPF uage lmted becaue of the cot conderaton. o, the hybrd compenator are developed to the power ytem to ue a a more cot effectve devce and to enhance the capacty and flexblty of power tranmon ytem. HF that ntroduced a a hybrd compenator formed of a mechancally wtched hunt capactor, a mechancally wtched phaehftng tranformer, and multmodule ereconnected thyrtorwtched capactor and nductor [8]. It operaton mlar to that of UPF wth ome advantage uch a cot effectvene. In the tructure of HF, the le effectve to control dynamc power flow and the functon of phae hftng and voltage regulatng are wth ome drawback. Therefore, RHF ha been ntroduced a a new member of FAT controller n [9]. tructurally, an RHF compoed a Rotary Phaehftng Tranformer (R, a multmodule Thyrtorwtched ere apactor (T, a multmodule Thyrtorwtched ere Reactor (TR and a Mechancallywtched hunt apactor (M. R the man component of RHF and the tranformer charactertc of t wndng prepare a rapd dynamc repone and a low tme contant. The cope of th paper focued on the tatc vewpont of the optmal placement of FAT devce. The power neton model ued to olve OPF problem n IEEE 4bu and 8bu tet ytem. Furthermore, the optmzaton method performed ung Matlab and GAM oft ware. Th paper organzed a follow: The modellng of FAT controller tuded n the next ecton. Then the OPF formulaton ncludng varable, obectve functon and contrant are preented. After that, the OPF reult for IEEE 4bu and 8bu tet ytem are reported. Optmal ettng and the bet poton of FAT controller. are alo determned n th ecton and fnal ecton explan concluon. Modelng of FAT controller a Modellng of RHF The RHF cont of a R, a multmodule T, a multmodule TR and a conventonal M. A model of RHF hown n Fg., where t ntalled between bue and n a tranmon lne [9]. The R the ubytem of RHF whch provde econdary three phae voltage on the rotor t module proportonal to that of prmary tator voltage. The chematc of tator and rotor wndng of R and the phae hftng angle of rotor wndng hfted by angle β wth repect to tator wndng have been hown n Fg.. I T T 7 TR TR 3 E E I P β R Fg.. RHF tructure 7 3 M I I M 54 PRZEGĄD EEKTROTEHNIZNY (Electrcal Revew, IN 0033097, R. 88 NR 7a/0
The bac functon of R to provde a contnuou and rapd control of RHF n both tatc and dynamc condton. Alo, the ere tranformer nect a controlled voltage n ere wth the tranmon lne and the hunt tranformer provde nput voltage to the R. In addton, for adutng the lne ere reactance and preventng overflow T and TR are augmented wth R to form an RHF. I Rb R tato R I Rc I Ra R Roto I a mech b Modelng of The bac chematc of hown n Fg. 4, whch ha been n extence for many year. nclude two nectng and exctng tranformer and mechancal wtche. The connected to econdary wndng of ere and hunt tranformer nect a voltage wth a fxed phae to tranmon network controlled by mechancal wtche. Although the technology relatvely old, the prove to be a valuable mean of control. I I E E P I Fg.. tator and rotor wndng of R Wth reference to Fg. 3, the teady tate condton of RHF preented by the followng equaton ( ( P ( k co n( k n co( n( ( k co co( k n n( ( k co k co( (3 PR P R ( k co co( (4 k n n( co( where h k e rt T e K K T h k T htrtt ; e ; = e lne ; α and T rt are the R phae angle and tranfer rato between rotor wndng and tator wndng, repectvely; σ and T e are the R angle and tranfer rato between the prmary and econdary voltage of the ere tranformer, repectvely; γ and T h are the phae hftng angle and tranfer rato between hgh and low voltage of the hunt tranformer, repectvely; lne the tranmon lne reactance; e the ere tranformer leakage reactance; coeffcent K and K determne the amount of and n ervce. The power necton model of Fg. 3 a general model that can be ued for any huntere controller [9]. I I I c c M I lne Fg.4. chematc dagram of. The power necton model of Fg. 3 can be alo ued to the model where R ( k co co( k n n( co( M (5 P b k n( (6 b k ( k co( b k co( (7 Pr P (8 b k co( r c Modellng of UPF The chematc dagram of UPF whch capable to provde actve and reactve power control and voltage magntude control preented n Fg. 5. Fg.5. chematc dagram of UPF The modelng of UPF ummarzed wth reference to the power necton model where (9 P br n( (0 b r ( r co( br co( ( Pr P ( b r co( r I E P hunt ere converter converte UPF P Fg.3. Power necton model of RHF P R R here r the radu of the UPF operatng regon and the UPF phae angle. PRZEGĄD EEKTROTEHNIZNY (Electrcal Revew, IN 0033097, R. 88 NR 7a/0 55
I d Modellng of HF The bac chematc of the HF hown n Fg. 5 [3,8]. T T 7 TR TR 3 E Fg.6. chematc dagram of HF The power necton model of the HF mlar to that of RHF hown n Fg.3 where (3 (4 E I P P k co( n( n( co( k n( co( ( k (5 Pr P r co( k n( (6 co( K mym here K k E K ; E the leakage reactance of exctng tranformer; K, K and K m determne the amount of, and Y M n ervce, repectvely; Problem formulaton In the preent text work, three obectve functon ncludng the ytem loadablty, the total fuel cot and power loe are optmzed. OPF problem can be expreed a the optmzaton of the obectve functon f(x,y, ubect to equalty contrant g(x,y=0 and nequalty contrant h(x,y0, where x and y are the vector of ndependent and dependent varable and g(x,y denote the power flow equaton and h(x,y tand for tate varable lmt and phycal contrant. a Obectve Functon a. The The mot popular obectve functon total fuel cot repreented by a quadratc polynomal a follow: (7 F a b PG c P G 7 3 M where P G the actve power output of th generator; the total number of generator; a, b, c are the fuel cot coeffcent of th generator. a. The Real Power oe onderng power loe, t ueful to how the capablty of the RHF to reduce actve power loe that can be expreed a I I M N l (8 F Po ( x, y P l l where P l the real power loe at lnel and N l the number of tranmon lne. a.3 The ytem oadablty The loadablty of a network, namely t ablty to tranmt power, n t mot general form, a very complex quantty to model and to compute. The obectve functon can be defned by mzng (9 F ( x, 3 y and can be obtaned by aumng contant power factor at each load n the both real and reactve power balance equaton a follow (0 PG PD f p ( x, y ( f ( x, y G D q where P G and G are the vector of generator real and reactve power, repectvely; P D and D are the vector of load real and reactve power, repectvely; f p and f q are the vector of real and reactve power flow equaton, repectvely. Problem contrant a Equalty ontrant The power flow equaton correpondng to both real and reactve power mut be atfed a ( PG PD f P ( x, u 0 (3 f ( x, u 0 G D here f P and f are the real and reactve power flow equaton at bu where the FAT controller parameter are condered; P G and G are the generator real and reactve power at bu, repectvely; P D and D are the load real and reactve power at bu, repectvely. b Inequalty ontrant Thee contrant are related to upper and lower lmt of each varable whch mut be atfed. Thee contrant can be decrbed mathematcally a (4 mn PG PG PG,,..., (5 mn G G G,,..., (6 mn,,..., N (7,,..., Nl where N the number of bue and Nl the number of tranmon lne. (8 (9 r mn for mn mn r r for UPF 56 PRZEGĄD EEKTROTEHNIZNY (Electrcal Revew, IN 0033097, R. 88 NR 7a/0
mn k k k 0 K K (30 for RHF and HF 0 K K 0 K m K m In the RHF devce β between 80 and 80. ae tude The optmal locaton and zng of RHF, UPF, HF, and and ther ettng to mnmze power loe and total fuel cot and mze ytem loadablty a obectve functon, ung Non near Programmng (NP and Mxed Integer Non near Programmng (MINP method were dcued below. The optmal locaton of the FAT controller are mplemented n GAM. The determnaton of optmal locaton and zng of FAT devce are appled to the modfed IEEE 4bu and 8bu tet ytem. The OPF reult before and after ntallng the RHF and a comparon of the RHF power flow control charactertc wth thoe of the UPF, HF and are prepared a follow. a IEEE 4bu tet ytem FAT devce are ued to control power ytem operaton ndce n IEEE 30bu ytem [0]. mulaton are carred out for three obectve functon n Table.Total actve and reactve power demand are 59MW and 73.5MAr, repectvely. Accordng to Table.mulaton for mnmzaton of total fuel cot how the bet reult of total fuel cot, actve and reactve power loe n the performance of HF whle the bet performance n the mnmzaton of RHF zng oberved. In the econd obectve functon, the reult of UPF better than thoe of RHF, HF and n the actve power loe and the reult of better than other FAT devce n total fuel cot. In addton It obvou that RHF offer all techncal feature of other FAT controller. In the mzaton of ytem loadablty, the HF gve the bet performance n ytem loadablty ndex. Alo, a large mprovement oberved n the mnmzaton of RHF zng by optmal locaton of RHF on lne (63. b IEEE 8bu tet ytem A hown n Table. IEEE 8bu ytem [0] for the mentoned three obectve functon ued to examne the ntegrated cheme of OPF wth FAT controller. Total actve and reactve power demand are 44MW and 438MAr, repectvely. In the mnmzaton of fuel cot, the mulaton reult preent the ame reult a the total fuel cot, actve and reactve power loe n the performance of HF and UPF although ther reactve power loe are larger than that of RHF. The mnmum ze of FAT devce belong alo to RHF. obectve functon F Parameter oadablty Index FAT ze (MA FAT ocaton FAT ettng Table : Reult of ngle obectve optmzaton n IEEE 4bu ytem Wthout FAT 778.804.78 4.88 770.35.5987 3.448 8.00 ne 5 σ = 3.53 HF 76.64 0.8747 0.9443 65.30 ne 5 K = 0 k= 0.4 K m = K = 0 RHF 733.78.0908.6966 7.55 ne 5 K =4 k=0.0504 K m = K = β=03.5 UPF 78.7 0.90.34 59.96 ne 5 r = 0.35 γ = 77.0 F F 3 oadablty Index FAT ze (MA FAT ocaton FAT ettng oadablty Index FAT ze (MA FAT ocaton FAT ettng.80 886.68.680.5565 6.86 30.835.0850 853.08.44 5.44 ne 5 σ =.66.5574 6.689 8.6694 47.64 ne 5 σ = 6.7 0.7658 8397.97 0.358 6.3 ne 4 K = 0 k= 0.090 K m = K =0.567 4.433.098 97.7 ne 3 K =5 k= 0.4 K m = K =0 0.8043 80.77.633 7.735 ne 63 K =0 k=0.0358 K m =0 K =3 β=69.5.5595 6.0 9.098 4.9 ne 63 K =7 k=0.069 K m = K =0 β=36. 0.759 8379.88 0.55 56.65 ne 4 r = 0.05 γ = 7.774.566 4.43.098 93.44 ne 3 r = 0.84 γ = 88.496 If the power loe choen a an obectve functon, the reult how that the performance of UPF better than that of other FAT controller whle a conderable reducton n zng of HF oberved compared to other FAT devce. It hould be noted that nternal loe are gnored n UPF. PRZEGĄD EEKTROTEHNIZNY (Electrcal Revew, IN 0033097, R. 88 NR 7a/0 57
obectve functon F F F 3 Parameter oadablty Index FAT ze (MA FAT ocaton FAT ettng oadablty Index FAT ze (MA FAT ocaton FAT ettng oadablty Index FAT ze (MA FAT ocaton FAT ettng Table : Reult of ngle obectve optmzaton n IEEE 8bu ytem Wthout FAT 9660.997 77.4079 507.500 9.476 66390.383 69.389.0385 347709.059 05.38 65.5570 9467.56 73.4 479.400 00 ne 57 σ =7.549 8.9374 65970.68 68.6637 89.57 ne 8990 σ =9.4036.836 473. 78.99 556.69 00 ne 6975 σ =4.75 HF 9346.9 70.504 480.755 00 ne 6975 K =0 k=0.9 K m = K =0 7.804 66554.78 64.0889 36. ne 8096 K =0 k=0.4 K m = K =0.84 473. 76.078 544.7 00 ne 6975 K =7 k=0.4 K m = K = RHF 9395.973 7.4080 469.73 45.864 ne 57 K =7 k=0.8 K m =0 K =0 β=8.34 7.809 66554.076 64.0764 57.8 ne 8096 K =7 k=0.3805 K m =0 K =0 β=76.358.844 473.06 75.9037 543.6369 00 ne 6975 K =7 k=0.309 K m = K =0 β=6.64 UPF 9346.9 70.504 480.755 00 ne 6975 r =0.53 γ = 8.30 7.80 66554.06 64.074 36.58 ne 8096 r =0.37 γ =76.373.844 473. 75.688 543.099 00 ne 6975 r =0.60 γ = 54.608 Accordng to Table, mulaton for mzaton of the ytem loadablty how the ame reult of the loadablty ndex for RHF and UPF. Alo, In the lat obectve functon, wth the optmal placement of RHF on lne (69 79, the reult of total fuel cot, better than that of, UPF and HF. oncluon Th paper made an attempt to develop teadytate power flow model for optmal locaton of RHF a a new hybrd compenator and alo other FAT devce to mprove the power ytem operaton. The modfed power necton model, utable for the power flow analy of RHF, HF, UPF and utlzed. The optmzaton problem were carred out on three obectve functon namely total fuel cot, power loe and the ytem loadablty. Furthermore, the optmzaton model performed on IEEE 4bu and 8bu tet ytem ung GAM oftware. The varou reult hown n the table compare the cenaro wthout FAT and wth RHF, HF, UPF and. The reult how the effectvene of optmal locaton and zng of FAT controller n a tranmon ytem. Alo, mulaton reult llutrate that RHF not only offer all techncal feature of other FAT controller but alo, provde addtonal opportunte to control power flow wth ome advantage lke fat repone wth contnuou control and wde pread control range. REFERENE [] Hngoran, Gyugy., Undertandng FAT: concept and technology of flexble A tranmon ytem, New York: Wley IEEE Pre, 000 [] Gerbex., herkaou R., Germond A. J., Optmal ocaton of MultType FAT Devce n a Power ytem by Mean of (GA Genetc Algorthm, IEEE Tran. Power yt, 6(00, No.3, 537544. [3] ahkarara A., Kazem A., Nabav Nak A., Optmal locaton of hybrd flow controller conderng modfed teadytate model. Appled Energy,88(0, No.5,578585 [4] ran R., Mohamed A., hareef H., Optmal Placement and zng of tatc ar ung mproved harmony earch algorthm, Przeglad Elektrotechnczny, 7(0 [5] Noroozan M., Anderon G., Power Flow ontrol by Ue of ontrollable ere omponent, IEEE Tran. Power Del., 8(993, No.3, 4049 [6] Iravan M. R., Dandeno P.., Maratukulam D., Applcaton of tatc Phae hfter n Power ytem, IEEE Tran. Power Del. 9(994, No.3, 600608 [7] Noroozan M., Angqut., Ghandhar M., Anderon G., Ue of UPF for optmal power flow control, IEEE Tran. Power Del., (997, No.4, 69634 [8] Nabav Nak.A., Iravan R., Noroozan M., PowerFlow Model and teadytate Analy of the Hybrd Flow ontroller. IEEE Tran. Power yt Del., 3(008, No.4, 330 338 [9] Rezaepour R., Kazem A., Introducng and Modellng of Rotary Hybrd Flow ontroller: a new concept of Flexble A Tranmon ytem (FAT controller, Energy onveron and Management, 00(ubmtted for publcaton. [0] Power ytem tet cae archve. U nverty of Wahngton http://www.ee.wahngton.edu/reearch/ptca> Author: Aocated prof. dr Ahad. Kazem. entre of Excellence for Power ytem Automaton and Operaton, Department of Electrcal Engneerng, Iran Unverty of cence and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran, Emal: kazem@ut.ac.r.; Ph.D tudent. Rohanak. Rezaepour. Department of Electrcal Engneerng, Iran Unverty of cence and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran,Emal r.rezaepour@yahoo.com. M..c tudent. Mlad Tayeb. Department of Electrcal Engneerng, Iran Unverty of cence and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran,Emal m_tayeb@elec.ut.ac.r 58 PRZEGĄD EEKTROTEHNIZNY (Electrcal Revew, IN 0033097, R. 88 NR 7a/0