Age Related Expectations in KS3 Science 2017-2018 These are the age related expectations for KS3 science for year 7 and 8; they are based on the KS3 core science curriculum. This knowledge, understanding and skills, will be tested at the end of term 2 and the end of term 6 of year 7 and 8. The core practical s are designed to be taught in a similar way to the new GCSE core practical s and will be examined in the assessments. Year 7 Terms 1&2 Students will: Biology - Cells and organisation Year 7 Knowledge/Content Understanding Skills describe cells as the fundamental unit of living organisms, including how to observe, interpret and record cell structure using a light microscope recall the functions of the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria and chloroplasts describe the hierarchical organisation of multicellular organisms: from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms. explain the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells explain how plants make carbohydrates in their leaves by photosynthesis and gain mineral nutrients and water from the soil via their roots. use models to describe a cell explore the structure of cells using microscopes. Biology - Reproduction describe reproduction in humans (as an example of a mammal), including the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems, menstrual cycle (without details of hormones), gametes, fertilisation, gestation and birth, to include the effect of maternal lifestyle on the foetus through the placenta explain heredity as the process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next Chemistry - Particle model recall the properties of the different states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) in terms of the particle model, including gas pressure describe the differences in arrangements, in motion and in closeness of particles explaining changes of state, shape and density, the anomaly of ice-water transition state that atoms and molecules are particles. explain the changes of state in terms of the particle model. explain that changes with temperature in motion and spacing of particles model solids liquids and gases in a variety of different ways. Investigate applying pressure to syringes of solids liquids and gases Investigate the change of state of steric acid. Chemistry - Pure and impure substances describe mixtures and methods to make mixtures including dissolving describe simple techniques for separating mixtures: filtration, evaporation, distillation and chromatography. explain diffusion in terms of the particle model use different methods of separation. Physics - Current electricity describe electric current, measured in amperes, in series and parallel circuits, describe potential difference, measured in volts, in series and parallel circuits and using battery and bulb ratings, recall that resistance is measured in ohms and is defined as the ratio of potential difference (p.d.) to current describe the differences in resistance between conducting and insulating components (quantitative). explain how currents add where branches meet and current as flow of charge. use V=IR and be able to rearrange and apply this equation describe and explain different methods of generating electricity including burning fossil fuels and renewable energy resources. Core practical build a variety of electrical circuits. evaluate different electricity generation methods use, apply and rearrange V=IR Investigate the resistance of different lengths of wire, using a voltmeter and ammeter. Chemistry/Physics - Physical changes describe Brownian motion in gases describe diffusion in liquids and gases driven by differences in concentration recall the difference between chemical and physical changes. explain conservation of material and of mass, and reversibility, in melting, freezing, evaporation, sublimation, condensation, dissolving explain similarities and differences, including density differences, between solids, liquids and gases investigate how to show differences between physical and chemical changes.
Year 7 Terms 3-6 Students will: Biology - Nutrition and digestion recall the content of a healthy human diet: carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water, and why each is needed describe the consequences of imbalances in the diet, including obesity, starvation and deficiency diseases recall the tissues and organs of the human digestive system, explain the adaptations of the digestive system and how it digests food (enzymes simply as biological catalysts) investigate testing for different food groups Biology - Microbes recall pathogens as a disease causing organism, including virus, fungi and bacteria. describe how the physical and chemical defences of the human body provide protection from pathogens Chemistry - Atoms and elements explain how pathogens are spread explain the role of the specific immune system of the human body in defence against disease. compare amounts of bacteria on washed and non-washed hands. describe a simple (Dalton) atomic model, including that the atom is made of protons, electrons and neutrons. recall the differences between atoms, elements and compounds use chemical symbols and formulae for elements and compounds explain the concept of a pure substance explain how pure substances can be identified. explain the conservation of mass changes of state and chemical reactions. use models to describe the atom. explain how the model of an atom has changed over time. investigate how the mass of the products and reactants before and after chemical reactions change. Chemistry - The Periodic Table describe the varying physical and chemical properties of different elements describe the Periodic Table: periods and groups; metals and nonmetals recall the properties of metals and non-metals describe the chemical properties of metal and non-metal oxides with respect to acidity. explain the principles underpinning the Mendeleev Periodic Table explain how patterns in reactions can be predicted with reference to the Periodic Table materials Chemistry -Chemical reactions acids and alkalis define acids and alkalis in terms of neutralisation reactions recall the ph scale for measuring acidity/alkalinity and indicators colour changes investigate testing ph with different indicators investigate how different ph acid diffuses through Agar jelly. Physics - Forces describe forces as pushes or pulls, arising from the interaction between two objects describe forces associated with deforming objects, stretching and squashing, springs, friction between surfaces, resistance to motion of air and water recall forces measured in Newtons as measurements of stretch or compression as force is changed describe non-contact forces: gravity forces acting at a distance on Earth and in space, forces between magnets and forces due to static electricity. explain the force-extension linear relationship and Hooke s Law as a special case, F=kx explain the idea of work done and energy changes on deformation E=Fd explain how opposing forces can cause equilibrium, for example in the case of a weight held by stretched spring or supported on a compressed surface. investigate Hooke s Law investigate different types of forces in a forces circus use, apply and rearrange F=kx and E=Fd use force arrows in diagrams, adding forces in one dimension, to show balanced and unbalanced forces. Physics - Magnetism recall how magnetic poles can attract and repel. describe magnetic fields using representation of field lines describe how navigation uses the Earth s magnetic field plot a magnetic field lines with a compass.
Physics - Energy changes and transfers describe the use of insulators describe processes that involve energy transfer including changing motion, dropping an object, completing an electrical circuit, stretching a spring, metabolism of food, burning fuels. Physics - Changes in systems explain heating and thermal equilibrium; through temperature difference between two objects lead to energy transfer from the hotter to the cooler one, through contact (conduction) or radiation; and how such transfers reduce the temperature difference investigate energy transfer through a variety of experiments. recall energy as a quantity that can be quantified and calculated; recall the total energy has the same value before and after a change compare power ratings of appliances. evaluate heat energy given out by spirit burners. Year 8 Knowledge/Content Understanding Skills Year 8 Terms 1&2 Biology - Cellular respiration describe aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organisms, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life recall a word summary for aerobic respiration describe the process of anaerobic respiration in humans and a word summary for anaerobic respiration explain the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of the reactants, the products formed and the implications for the organism. analyse the time for lactic acid build up, for example when holding weights. Biology - Gas exchange recall the structure and functions of the gas exchange system in humans describe the role of diffusion in the movement of materials in and between cells explain the adaptations of gas exchange systems to function explain the impact of exercise, asthma and smoking on the human gas exchange system investigate different examples of diffusion Biology - Health explain the effects of recreational drugs (including substance misuse) on behaviour, health and life processes. evaluate risks of using drugs Chemistry - Chemical reactions describe combustion, thermal decomposition, oxidation and displacement reactions describe the reactions of acids with metals to produce a salt plus hydrogen describe the reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water explain chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms represent chemical reactions using formulae and using equations investigate a variety of displacement replacement reaction some that displace and some that don t, leading to reactivity series. Physics - Forces & motion describe the forces needed to cause objects to stop or start moving, or to change their speed or direction of motion (qualitative only) describe how a force produces a change depending on its direction and size. define speed and describe the quantitative relationship between average speed, distance and time (speed = distance time) and to rearrange and apply this equation. describe gravity forces between Earth and Moon, and between Earth and Sun (qualitative only) represent and explain the representation of a journey on a distance-time graph explain gravity as a force, and use and apply the equation weight = mass x gravitational field strength (g), on Earth g=10 N/kg and different on other planets calculate the speeds of different toys use, apply and rearrange speed = distance/time investigate how length of wing of a helicopter affects the time of flight. Year 8 Term 3-6 Biology - Photosynthesis recall the reactants in, and products of, photosynthesis, and a explain how plants make investigate elodea bubbles in
word summary for photosynthesis describe the dependence of almost all life on Earth on the ability of photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae, to use sunlight in photosynthesis and to maintain levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere carbohydrates in their leaves by photosynthesis and gain mineral nutrients and water from the soil via their roots. water. Investigate where starch is stored in a leaf. Biology - Relationships in an ecosystems, describe the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem, including food webs and insect pollinated crops describe the principles of sampling as applied to scientific data. explain how organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials. evaluate ethical considerations in using pesticides analyse data following quadrat sampling Biology - Evolution describe the differences between species recall the variation between individuals within a species being continuous or discontinuous, to include measurement and graphical representation of variation explain how the variation between species and between individuals of the same species means some organisms compete more successfully, which can drive natural selection explain how changes in the environment may leave individuals within a species, and some entire species, less well adapted to compete successfully and reproduce, which in turn may lead to extinction explain the importance of maintaining biodiversity and the use of gene banks to preserve hereditary material. evaluate the ethics of extinction evaluate the development of theories of evolution Chemistry - Earth and atmosphere state the composition of the Earth describe the structure of the Earth describe the carbon cycle state the composition of the atmosphere explain how the production of carbon dioxide by human activity has an impact on climate evaluate the evidence for and against climate change Chemistry - Energy in chemical reactions describe how energy changes on changes of state (qualitative) describe exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions (qualitative). investigate endothermic and exothermic reactions (using data loggers) Chemistry - Materials describe the order of metals and carbon in the reactivity series explain the use of carbon in obtaining metals from metal oxides analyse results from the thermite reaction demonstration Physics - Waves Observed waves, Sound waves describe waves on water as undulations which travel through water with transverse motion;. recall that the frequency of sound wave is measured in hertz (Hz); state that sound needs a medium to travel, the speed of sound in air, in water, in solids state the auditory range of humans and animals. explain how these waves can be reflected, and add or cancel superposition explain echoes, reflection and absorption of sound explain how sound is produced by vibrations of objects, in loud speakers, detected by waves in the ripple tank demonstration use, apply and rearrange v=fλ and speed = distance/time
Light waves recall that light waves can travel through a vacuum and the speed of light describe the transmission of light through materials: absorption, diffuse scattering and specular reflection at a surface describe the colours as different frequencies of light, white light their effects on microphone diaphragm and the ear drum; sound waves are longitudinal explain the similarities and differences between light waves and waves in matter use the ray model to explain imaging in mirrors, the refraction of light explain the use of prisms (qualitative only) in differential colour effects in absorption and diffuse reflection. light, for example reflection, refraction, dispersion