DOE/NV/25946--1467 Working with FRMAC During an IPX RaJah Mena FRMAC Senior Scientist Remote Sensing Laboratory Presented to NREP April 23, 2012 This work was done by National Security Technologies, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25946 with the U.S. Department of Energy. 1
Topics General introduction to FRMAC How FRMAC supports IPX objectives Levels of FRMAC support What do we get out of this? What do we need to do? 2
Introduction to FRMAC Assist the states in their mission to protect the health and well being of their citizens: Provide initial prediction based on source term estimate In conjunction with the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center Verify and validate prediction based on ground monitoring data and fixed-wing surveys Comprehensive characterization of environmental and public impacts based on ground monitoring, sampling and analysis, and rotary-wing survey data 3
Federal Response Regardless of the Coordinating Agency DOE coordinates radiological monitoring and assessment activities for the emergency and intermediate phases EPA coordinates the intermediate to long-term activities for radiological monitoring and assessment Advisory Team (EPA, CDC, FDA, USDA) Provides PARs to the State / Local / Tribal representatives FRMAC (Multi-Agency) Coordinates monitoring, analysis, and assessment Provides data products to the State / Local / Tribal representatives 4
DOE Involvement DOE participates in 8-10 exercises per year Standard level of participation Planning conference calls and meetings Outreach (1 assessment scientist) Presentation Tabletop exercise IPX (1-2 assessment scientists) Data products Exercise play 5
DOE Involvement Enhanced participation Technical Training (1 monitoring supervisor) Equipment training FRMAC monitoring and sampling procedures Assessment Training (1 assessment scientist) Drill (1 assessment scientist) Provide guidance during drill Inject map products Cover Advance Party Meeting Checklist AMS Flyover (fixed wing crew) King Air B200 flown during exercise Show and tell of aircraft CMRT I Deployment (typically a reduced team) Field team play Real time data Real time products 6
FRMAC Activities During the IPX Process Initial meeting NREP NRC training Conference calls At least 2 scheduled prior to any real work done Where contacts are identified Federal Outreach Drill IPX Presentations from members of the federal family Dry run TTX of IPX process Full practice run through At least 18 months to 2 years in advance FEMA may conduct courtesy evaluation About one month prior to exercise As often as necessary 1 2 months prior to exercise 7
FRMAC Assistance and FEMA Objectives Assistance available for many of the objectives Objectives test more than utility and state capabilities Notional play can be beneficial to meet objectives 8
Six Major Criteria 1. Emergency Operations Management 4. Field Measurement and Analysis 2. Protective Action Decision- Making 5. Emergency Notification and Public Information 3. Protective Action Implementation 6. Support Operations/Facilities 9
2. Protective Action Decision Making 2.a.1 Worker Safety CMHT connection with other federal assets Dose projections and early data assessment 2.d.1 Ingestion Pathway Assessment Nuclide specific models Via Advisory Team agricultural advice Assessment Scientists for radiological assistance 2.e.1 Relocation, reentry, and return decisions Map products utilizing models and data Assessment Scientists to assistance with data Map products of aerial surveys 10
3. Protective Action Decision Making 3.c Implementation of protective action decisions for special populations Custom map products can be generated with features indicating locations of special population locations National database can be queried for additional data Specific local data can be added 3.f.1 Implementation of relocation, reentry, and return decisions Maps can be generated to assist with route design or sector designation FRMAC field team members can assist with monitoring requests to assist with reentry of agricultural workers and other persons 11
4. Field Measurement and Analysis Criterion covers entire gambit of sampling and measuring FRMAC can provide Personnel to support up to 20 field teams Equipment for those teams Sample receipt and control Some field counting Sample shipment to offsite labs 12
6. Support Operation/Facilities 6.b.1 Decontamination and monitoring of personnel and vehicles 13
Data/Products Provided by FRMAC 14
Standard Map Product Set Relocation Used to assist the players in determining what regions might need to be relocated EPA or state specific guidance AMS B-200 Flyover Data generated flight path based on model projection Used by the players to confirm the initial relocation results Mature Produce Crops and Dairy (2 maps) Typically used by the players to make a sampling plan Assists players in embargo decisions FDA guidance based on Cs-134/137 and I-131 Integrated Dose Used by the players in re-entry/return decision-making 15
Relocation Map 16
AMS Flyover Map 17
Dairy Map 18
Mature Produce Crops Map 19
Time Integrated Dose Map 20
The FRMAC Development Process Funnel defined source term information through NARAC Acquire deposition models for evacuation, relocation, and ingestion PAG maps Create infrastructure and sample point overlays Use the NARAC deposition models and specified overlays to create appropriate FRMAC map products Use underlying deposition data to provide pertinent sample information Use a flight simulator to produce a sample B200 flyover map 21
Iterations Concerns Evacuation ~ 3 5 miles Relocation ~ 10 miles Ingestion 50 miles Evacuation often the driver Avoidable dose concept Plume passage or no plume passage? Multiple NARAC runs not uncommon 22
Initiating Process Data required from the state/utility planners Meteorological data Canned Real Winds Static Stability class Wind changes? Source Term details Release rates in 15 minute increments Typically 2 hour span Mix of particulates, iodines, and nobles varies greatly NUREG-1465 and NUREG-1228 State specific limits, if applicable 23
Example Exercise Wind from 130 Wind speed = 5 mph Stability class E Release 0915 1115 NUREG-1465 used as template Over 60 nuclides 24
Key Source Term Items From First Run Nuclide Total Activity Released (Ci) I-131 7.072 E + 02 I-133 1.439 E +03 Cs-136 2.633 E +01 Cs-137 5.701 E +01 Kr-85 1.568 E + 01 Xe-133 1.030 E +02 25
Agricultural Areas of Concern for I-131 I-131 Food Contamination Areas of Concern (Ingestion DRLs Corresponding to FDA DILS) 26
Agricultural Areas of Concern for Cs-137 Cs-137 Food Contamination Areas of Concern (Ingestion DRLs Corresponding to FDA DILS) 27
Evacuation/Shelter-in-Place Radiological Release Early Phase PAGs Evacuation/Sheltering based on TEDE 12-108 hr 28
Refinement Process Shortfalls Evacuation/Shelter-in-Place falls short Extensive iodine concentration Caution on Cs-137 State/Utility Options Alter scenario to include filters and scrubbers Change met Increase nobles Increase particulates Include plume passage 29
Source Term Statistics Average number of nuclides 21 Wind speed varies 4 8 mph Stability classes C E Average duration of release 2 hours Wind shifts and precipitation rare 30
Most Common Nuclides and Average Activity Nuclide Activity Average (Ci) Nuclide Activity Average (Ci) Ba-140 3.24E+03 Ru-106 7.98E+03 La-140 2.96E+03 Sr-89 1.31E+04 Ce-144 1.88E+03 Sr-90 2.50E+03 Cs-134 1.49E+03 Y-90 1.95E+02 Cs-136 1.22E+02 Kr-85 3.43E+03 Cs-137 6.59E+02 Kr-85m 3.03E+05 I-131 1.06E+04 Kr-87 5.05E+05 I-132 2.82E+03 Kr-88 7.70E+05 I-133 8.73E+03 Xe-131m 1.20E+10 I-134 9.09E+02 Xe-133 2.51E+06 I-135 4.57E+03 Xe-133m 1.66E+05 Te-132 4.53E+04 Xe-135 8.70E+05 Rb-88 1.26E+05 Xe-135m 1.25E+04 Ru-103 2.07E+03 Xe-138 3.17E+04 31
Guidance Used FRMAC Assessment Manual TurboFRMAC FDA 1998 FDA 2001 Typical states EPA 400-92-R FDA 1998 Other 32
Dose Conversion Factor Concerns (The Reader s Digest Version) Vision Service Partnership 33
EPA 1992 ICRP Reference: 26/30 Description: Key Considerations: Select One: Zr-95 Nb-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Te-132 I-131 I-132 I-133 I-135 Cs-134 This comes from the original Protective Action Guide (PAG) Manual - EPA 400-R-92-001 Tables 7-1 and 7-2. Dose conversion factors (DCF) here are used to make intermediate phase decisions. This guidance uses ICRP lung models which can produce more conservative dose conversion factors for Am/Pu/Np inhalation. Nuclides with Guidance: Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 ICRP60+ Dosimetry Model ICRP Reference: 60/66 This is a more comprehensive list of nuclides which have dose conversion factors derived from ICRP 60 and 66 Description: publications. A more complex resuspension model is used for dose projections over extended periods of time. Key Considerations: Calculations will be in total agreement with the NARAC model. Results can also be correlated to those from RASCAL. Select One: Nuclides with Guidance: Cs-134 Pu-239 I-131 Cs-136 La-140 Co-60 Nb-95 Kr-87 I-133 I-134 Am-241 Xe-133 Ce-141 Xe-135 Cm-242 Xe-138 Cm-244 Y-91 I-129 Pu-238 Sr-89 Kr-88/Rb-88 Np-239 Mo-99/Tc-99m 34
Sampling Data Process 35
Example Sample Sheet 36
Controller Sheet 37
Sample Data Instructions Sample Type Latitude Longitude Special Instructions/Comments Returned FRMAC Value Soil XX.XXXXX -XXX.XXXXX NA Concentration of nuclides in uci/m 2 Water XX.XXXXX -XXX.XXXXX Covered water source with no venting Concentration of nuclides in uci/l Vegetation XX.XXXXX -XXX.XXXXX Ready for harvest Concentration of nuclides in uci/kg Milk XX.XXXXX -XXX.XXXXX Cows on stored feed Concentration of nuclides in uci/l 38
Or. 39
Resources and Getting Started FRMAC Program Information and Manuals http://www.nv.doe.gov/nationalsecurity/homelandsecurity/ frmac/default.htm Colleen O Laughlin NNSA / NSO - 702-295-0648 olaughlin@nv.doe.gov 40