hni-k-\-øns t]cn tbip-hns\ hn -cpxv

2018 MARCH VOLUME 21 ISSUE No. 237 Published from THIRUVALLA on 01-03-2018 hni-k-\-øns t]cn tbip-hns\ hn -cpxv sim-lna: hn-i-k-\-øn-s a- d-hn tb-ip-hn-s\ hn - -cp-sx- v \m-km-em v _m-]v- n-ãv N - kv Iu -kn P-\-d sk-{i- k m ab- p-a-cp v ti p-iƒ Cc- n-bmbn Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-cw: ti-cfw a-b- p-a-cp- n-s X-eÿm-\-am-Ip- p. a-b- p-a-cp- v ti-kn-s i-x-am-\w G- -hpw D-b - kw-ÿm-\-ambn ti-c-fw am-dn. 2017 ap h -j-tø-xn-t\- mƒ C-c- ntbm-fw ti- p-i-fm-wv c-pn- Ã sn-bv-x-xv. 2016 5924 ti-kp-iƒ Nm - v sn-bv-xp. a-b- p-acp- v D-]-tbm-Kw X-S-bp- -Xn- \p- {]-h -Ø-\-ßƒ G- tim-]n- n- p- -Xn-\pw i- ns -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\p-am-bn \m - t m- n-iv I -t{smƒ _yqtdm hn-fn- tbm-k-øn sh- I-W- n-em-wv kw-ÿm-\- sø a-b- p-a-cp- v hym-]-\w hy- -am- p- -Xv. sf.-pn.-]n. hn-p-b tic-fw kzo-i-cn- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ A-h-X-cn- n- p. a-b- p-a-cp- p- I-fp-sS e-`y-x X-S-bp- -Xnt\m-sSm- w B-h-iy-I-X Ipd-bv- p- -Xn-\p- {]-h -Ø- \-ß-fpw ti-c-fw sn-bv-xp-hcp- p- v. C-Xp c- pw ^-e- {]-Z-am- n-bm-se a-b- p-a-cp- v D-]-tbm-Kw Ip-d- p-sim- p-h-cm-\m-iq. t]m-eo-kpw F-Iv-ssk-kpw Dƒ-s -ss hnhn-[ h-ip- p-iƒ tn - v C- Xn-\p- {]-h -Ø-\-ßƒ B-hn-jv- -cn- p- p- v. aev]m -dn d-h. A-te-Kp Io-tlm. \m- Km-em- n-se cm-jv-{so-b t\-xm- tfm-sv kw-km-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p A-t±-lw. B-k- -am-b kw-ÿm-\ \nb-a-k-`m Xn-c-s -Sp- n-t\m-s-\p- _- n- v _n.-sp.]n `-c-w-øn-se- Øn-bm \m-km-em n k-a-{k hn-i-k-\w \-S- n-em- p-sa- p- {]-Nm-c-W-sØ- p-dn- v {]-Xn-I-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p Io-tlm. ]-W- Øn-\p-th- n {In-kv-Xo-b hn-izmk X-Xz-kw-ln-X-I-sf _-en I-gn- -cp-xv. {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-sf C- y-bn \n- v D- q-e-\w sn-øp-hm I- si- n C-d-ßn-bn-cn- p- -h-sc A- [n-im-c-øn F-Øn- -W-tamsb- v ho- pw B-tem-Nn- p-i. 237 hm Øm]{XnI hne `5.00/- Website:www.naveekaranam.org e-mail: naveekaranam@rediffmail.com I-gn- aq- p h -j-am-bn C- ybn D-S-\o-fw C-h ss{i-kv-xh-sc ]o-un- n- p- p, B-cm-[-\me-b-ßƒ A- n- n-c-bm- p- p, ss{i-kv-x-h-sc \-Sp-tdm-Un-en- v a - Zn- p- p. ss{i-kv-x-h hn-zym - n-i-sf H- -s -Sp-Øp- ]o-u-\- ßƒ- v t\-xr-xzw \ -Ip- -h-sc A-[n-Im-c-Øn sim- p-h-c-wtam-sb- v d-h. Io-tlm tnm-zn- p. h -Ko-b ]m - n-i-fp-ss B-Xy- n-i e- yw F- m-sw- v thm- -am a-\-kn-em- -Ww. hn-tz-icm-py-ß-fn \n- p-ap- ss{i-kv- X-h a-x-t\-xm- - m - v ti-{μ k - m hn-k \n-tj-[n- p- ps - pw A-t±-lw kq-nn- n- p. P- \-kw-jy-bn 88 i-x-am-\w t] ss{i-kv-x-h-cm-wv C-hn-sS. awn- q-cnse ss{ikvxh kviqfp-iƒ AS p a-wn- q : a-wn- q-cn-epw Cw- ^m-en-ep-ap- {In-kv-Xy an-j-\- dn kv-iq-fp-iƒ `o-i-c-cn \n- pap- `o-j-wn-sb-øp-s - v A-S- p. Im -t -bn-]m-iv I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv ]m - n F- kw-l-s-\-bp-ss `oj-wn-sb Xp-S - m-wv ss{i-kv- X-h kv-iq-fp-iƒ A-S- -Xv. I-tØm-en- kv-iq-fp-i-fn-se hn-zym-`ym-km- -co- -sø `o-j- Wn-bn-eq-sS X-I - m t\m- cp-sx- v a-wn- q-cn-se hn-zym-`ymk a-{ n d-tu-jymw `o-i-c - v ap- -dn-bn- v \ -In. kw-ÿm-\-sø H-cp e- tøm-fw hn-zym - n-iƒ- v hn-zym- `ym-kw ]-I-cp- -Xv Cu ss{i-kv- X-h kv-iq-fp-i-fm-sw- pw A-h - s -Xn-sc `o-j-wn-ap-g- -cp-sx- pw A-t±-lw kq-nn- n- p. K-h -sa v kv-iq-fp-iƒ- v th- -{X kp-c- G -s -Sp-Ønsb- n-epw am-xm-]n-xm- ƒ. Ip- n- I-sf kv-iq-fn A-b- m a-sn- p-i-bm-wv. F- m-wv `o-i-c-cp-ss B-h-iy-sa- v kv-iqƒ A-[n-Imcn-Iƒ sh-fn-s -Sp-Øn-bn- n-s - nepw `o-j-wn H-gn-bm-sX kv-iqƒ Xp-d- p- n-s - \n-e-]m-sn-em-wv A-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ. a-wn- q-cn-se 72 I-tØm-en- kv-iq-fp-i-fpw 17 l-b sk- - dn kv-iq-fp-i-fpw aq- v tim-f-pp-ifpw A-S- p-in-s- p-i-bm-wv. `oj-wn ]n -h-en- m-sx kv-iq-fp- Iƒ Xp-d- n-s - \n-e-]m-sm-wv am-t\-pv-sa n-\p- -Xv. `o-j-wn sh-dp-sx-b-s - pw ap -Im-e-ßfn-se A-\p-`-hw sh- p-t\m- ptºmƒ F- pw kw-`-hn-t - m-sa- pw _- -s - -h A-dn-bn- p. t\-c-sø Cw-^m-en-epw kp- p-hnep-am-bn c- v {]n -kn- mƒ-am-c-s- w F- p-t]-sc `o-i-c sh-sn-sh- p-sim- p. an-j-\-dn kv-iq-fp-iƒ- v th- -{X kw-c- -Ww \ - Im K-h -sa n-\v I-gn-bp- n- t{x. _n- n {K-lmw bm-{x-bm-bn A-ta-cn- : tem-i- {]-i- kp-hn-tij {]-`m-j-i tum. _n- n {K-lmw (99) \n-xy-x-bn {]-th-in- p. bp.-fkn-se t\m -Øv Im-c-sse-\-bn-se h- k-xn-bn C- -se cm-hn-se F- n-\m-wv A- yw. kw-kv-imcw am v 2\v. F-gp-]-Xv h - jw kp-hn-ti-j-{]-kw-k-th-zn-ifn \n-d- p-\n- _n- n-{k-lw N-cn-{X-Øn G- -hpw Iq-Sp-X t]-tcm-sv {]-kw-kn- n- p- hy- n-bm-bm-wv A-dn-b-s -Sp- -Xv. t\-cn- pw Sn.hn bn-eq-ss-bpw km- -sse- v {]-t -]-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbp-am-bn tem-i-hym-]-i-am-bn 21 tim-sn B-fp-I-tfm-Sv A-t±-lw {]-kw-kn- n- p-s - m-wv I-W- v. t{]-jn-x-{]-h -Ø-\-Øn-s `m-k-am-bn tem-i-øn-se an- cm- Py-ß-fpw k-μ -in- n- p- A-t±lw ti-c-fw Dƒ-s -ss C- y-bnse hn-hn-[ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-epw h- n- p- v. e-fn-x-am-b `m-j-bn kp-hn-ti-jw {]-kw-kn- p- -Xmbn-cp- p A-t±-l-Øn-s co-xn. "ss_-_nƒ C-ß-s\ ]-d-bp- p' F- -Xm-bn-cp- p A-t±-l-Øns {]n-b-s - {]-tbm-kw. sf-k-t\m-h ap-x tpm - Pv-_p-jv h-sc-bp- ]-e bp.-fkv {]-kn-u p-am-cp-ss-bpw A-Sp- Ø kp-lr-øpw D-]-tZ-i-I-\pam-bn-cp- p _n- n-{k-lmw. dn- - Uv \n-iv-k Dƒ-s -ss ]-e {]- kn-u p-am-cpw A-h-cp-sS Po-hn- X-Øn _n- n-{k-lm-an-s hy- n-]-c-am-b {]m -Y-\ G-sd km- z-\w \ -In-sb- v km- ys -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. 1983- {]-kn- U v sd-bv-k, _n- n-{k-lm-an- \v bp.-f-kn-se ]-c-tam- -X knhn-en-b _-lp-a-xn-bm-b {^o- Uw sa-u k-ωm-\n- p. kp-hn-ti-j-{]-h -Ø-\-ßfn h-ew-ssi-bm-bn-cp- `m-cy cq-øv s_ 2007- A- -cn- p. a- -fn G- -hpw {]-i-kv- X d-h. {^m- v-en {K-lm-am- Wv. _n- n-{k-lmw C-hm -P-en- Ãn-Iv A-tkm-kntb-j-\v t\-xr-xzw \ -Ip- p. 1990Ifn B-cw-`-Øn B-tcm-Ky-{]-iv-\- ß-sf Xp-S - v {Klmw kp-hn-ti-j- {]-N-c-W-cw-K-Øv k-po-h-a- m-bn-cp- p. 1995-, ssm-dt m-bn-se -{]-kw- K-Øn A-t±-lw X-f - p ho-wp. a- c-w-sø `-b-an-s - pw kz -K- Øn-te- v t\m- n- m - p- psh- pw A-t±-lw ]-d- p. A- t±-l-øn-s `m-cy cq-øv B-bncp- p ip-{iq-j-bn kp-{]-[m-\ ]- p h-ln- -Xv. Po-hn-X-Im-ew apgp-h ]-cn- m-\-ap- {K-lmw bm-{x-bn, ssz-h- -a-bp-ss D- d-t m-ss-bp- A-h-s D-d-hn-Sw H-cn- -epw D-t]- n- n-. a-c-wti-jw Po-hn-X-sØ- p-dn- v [oc-hpw {]-Xym-i-tbm-sS-bpw kwkm-cn- m hn-izm-kw A-h-s\ A-\p-h-Zn- p. 1916 \-hw-_ 7 \mbn-cp- p _n- n {Km-lm-an-s P- \-\w. bq-øv t^m ss{i-ãn-se bp-h-p-\-{]-h -Ø-I-\m-bpw k- tx _m-]v- n-ãv an-\n-kv-{s-dmbpw {]-h -Ø-\-am-cw-`n- _n- n- {K-lmw 2005 hn-c-an- p- -Xph-sc B-dp ]-Xn- m- v ss-en-hnj-\n-eq-ss \-S-Øn-b {Iq-tk-Uv e- - -W- n-\m-fp-i-fp-ss Pohn-X ]-cn-h -Ø-\-Øn-\n-S-bm- nbn- p- v.185 cm-py-ß-fn-em-bn 215 an-ey P-\-ßƒ _n- n {Km-lman-s {]-kw-kw {i-hn- n- p- -Xmbn I-W- m- -s -Sp- p.un. sf-k-t\m-h, en -U _n. tpm -k,dn- m -Uv \n-ivk Xp-S-ßn-b A-ta-cn- {]-kn-u p-am-cp-ss kv-]n-cn-nz A-ssUz-k-dm-bn-cp- p _n- n {Km-lmw.e-fn-X-am-b `m-j-bn kp-hn-ti-jw {]-kw-kn- p- - Xn _n- n-{k-lmw {]-I-Sn- n- ncp- Xm -]-cyw {]-iw-k-\o-bam-bn-cp- p. {]m-b-m-[n-iy-øm tiƒ-hn-bpw Im-gv-N-bpw `m-ko-iam-bn \- -s -s - n-epw a-cn- p- -Xp-h-sc Xn-I- pw B-tcm-Kyhm-\m-bn-cp- p. txmam: kphn-ti-jo-i-c-w- Øn k`-iƒ F p-sim- v Xmev]cyw ImWn- p- n-, aev]mt\? aev]m : {InkvXp-hns\ Adn-bm-Ø-h, {InkvXp-hns\ Fßs\ {]kw-kn pw? Xncp-h am tømωm timtfpv kpthm-fpn hn`mkw kph W-Pq-_nen BtLm-j-ß-fpsS kam-]\w kptc-jvtkm]n Fw.-]n. DZvLm-S\w snøp- p. CSØp\n v: _nj v kæn G{_-lmw, tpm Pv amω sim q, {]n kn- tum. sfkn. si. tpm, s{]m^. ex ]n. sndn-bm, s{]m^. Fw.sF. B {Uqkv, s{]m^. ]n.-kn. tpm, AUz. kptcjv timin F n-h thzn-bn

2 hm Øm]{XnI FUn-täm-dnbÂ kphn-ti-jo-i-cww C mø k`-iƒ ax-{]-ÿm\w am{xw I-gn- -Zn-h-kw H-cp-ho- n sn- -t mƒ \n- -dpt]m-epw C-Sm-Ø H-cp sn-dn-b-ip- n ta-i- p-d-øp I-bdn-\n- v A- m- -s\ ]- -sø-dn hn-fn- p- p... F-s - - -t mƒ Pm-fy-X-tbm-sS A-h-s -b-ω ]- d- p: "A-h-\n-ß-\m tn- m, tz-jyw-h- m A- m- s\ sx-dn hn-fn- pw. F- m sn-øm-\m.. Cu sn-dp- s\-s m- p txm- p." Rm-\-h-s\-t\m- n sn-dp-xm-sbm- p \m- p I-Sn- - Xpw A-h-s -b-ω ]-d- -Xpw H- n- v: ''tz Cu am-a t]m-eo-km... C-ß-s\ ]-d- m Ip- n-s\ ]n-sn-t m- p-t]m-ipw.'' A-tXm-sS sn- A-S-ßn. X-f-f-bp-sS k-t m-jw I-f- v F-s Ip-cp-ØwsI- \m- v tnm-zn- p'' C-Øn-cn-t m- C-h-s\ \n-ßƒ- v C-t mƒ I -t{smƒ-sn-øm ]- o-t C-\n F- t mƒ A-Xp \-S- pw?'' Cu tnm-zyw an- -hm-dpw c- -I -Øm- -tfm-spw tnm- Zn-t - H- m-wv. sim- p-ip- n-i-fp-ss hn-ir-xn, Im- Wp- -h - p ap-gp-h A-tcm-N-I-am-bm-epw ]-e ho- p- Im-cpw I- n-\p Im- p-]n-sn- -t]m-se A-\-ßm-Xn-cn- pw. H-cp hm- p sim- p-t]m-epw X-S-bn-. Ip- n-iƒ i- y-ap- m- m-xn-cn- m Ip-td \yq-un kpw-]p-gp-ßn tim-gn- -dn-bp-am-bn Sn.hn.bp-tS-tbm I-ºyq- -dn-s -tbm ap- n sim- n-cp-øpw. A-h-\-hn-Sn-cp- v A-Xn-am-\p-jy-cm-b Im - q I-Ym- ]m-{x-ß-sf- - v A-h-sc- A-\p-I-cn- pw. hm-in-]n-sn- v A-h-cp-sS th-jw-[-cn- p \-S- pw. samss_ t^m-wn-tem I-ºyq- -dn-tem D-f-f sk-bn-an-eqss _m- v tdm-_-dn-bpw tam-t m -sd-bv-kpw I-fn- pw. A-Xn-eq-sS X-\n- p P-bn- - -W-sa- n a- p-f-f-h-sc sim- p-i-tbm \-in- n- p-i-tbm th-w-sa- p ]Tn- pw. Iq-Sp-X th-kw Iq-Sp-X-em-sf sim- p- -h-\m-wp hn-pbn F- p sx- n- -cn- p- p. I-Y ]-d-bm-\pw D-]-tZ-in- m-\pw ho- n Im -t m- m-cn-... D- - n ''I -{So-kv, B Hmƒ-Uv s^-tem" tbm-sp kw-km-cn-t -s - v A-Ω hn-e- pw. ]-I-cw Sn.hnbn-se Im - m-in-\p hn-e-bn- m-ø X-d ko-cn-b Im-Wm-\n-cp-Øpw. I- ym-ww I-gn- m s] -Ip- n B-Zyw-sN-tø- I -Ωw A-Ωm-bn-b-Ω F- k-xz-sø A-Sn- -a -Ø- Ww F- pw \m-øq-s\ ho- n-se- - hm -Un -t mepw ti- n- q-ss- pw. Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn F-ßs\ Kp- -I-sf kr- n- mw? {InkvXp k`-bpss {][m-\hpw {]Xy- -hp-amb e -W-amWv kphn-ti-jo-i-c- Ww. anj {]h Ø-\-ßsf {][m-\-ambn A mbn Xncn- n-cn- p- p. anj, Ch P-en-kw, I th j, c, Ub-tem-Kv CXn {][m-\-s - Xv kphn-tijo-i-cww (Evangelism) Xs. ss{ikvxh k`-bpss Bcw`w tbip-{in-kvxphns hc-thm-sp-iq-ss-bm-wv. tbip-{inkvxp At m-kvx-e- msc Xnc-s -Sp-Øp, Ah v sszhni Ir]-Ifpw hc-ßfpw \ In A[n-Im-c-s -SpØn anj-\n-te v Ab-bv p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Ah-cpsS ZuXy-Øns H m-asø ap K-W\ kphn-tijo-i-cww Bbn-cp- p. {Iqin- -s - v, Db sø-gp-t p Pohn- p {InkvXp Xs temi-øns I Øm-hv, c -I, hos -Sp- p-im-c, \ymbm-[n-]xn Aßs\ F mw F mw F -h {]kw-kn- p, {]N-cn- n- p. Ah-cpsS hm p-iƒ ti -h Ah-cpsS {]kw-k-ønse {][m\ ktμ-i-am-bn-cp {InkvXp F c -Is\ Pohn- X-Øn kzoi-cn- m Xøm-dm-bn. As m-kvx-e- m-cpss hm p-iƒ ti v hniz-kn- -h v Pohn-X-Øn Hcp ]pxnb Z i\w e`n- p, Ah cq]m- -c-s - p, ]pxpkr-jvsn-i-fmbnøo p. {InkvXp Ah-cpsS lrz-b-ß-fn I Ømhpw c -I\pw \my-\p-ambn {]Xn-jvTn- -s - p. ssiam w snbvx Pohn-X-Øn\p (an exchanged life) DS-a-I-fmbn {InkvXp Xß-fn Pohn- p- p, "C\n Pohn- p- Xp Rm\-, {InkvXp-hs{X F n Pohn- p- Xv' F -h ss[cy-]q Δw hnfn- -dn-bn- m XpS-ßn. Poh-t\m, ac-w-ønt\m `qan-bn-ep- txm `qan p aosx-bp- -txm, BImi-Ønsetbm bmsxmcp i n pw Xß-fpsS hnizm-ksø XIn-Sw-a-dn- p-hm Ign-bmsXhn[w Ah temiw Dt]- n- -h-cm-bn-øo p. Gdnb A p-xßfpw AS-bm-f-ßfpw I v Ah v {InkvXp bmym y-hm-s\ v t_m y-s - p. Xßƒ p hkvxp-h-i-iƒ hn v B XpI As m-kvx-e- msc Gev]n- p, Hcp s]mxp JP-\m-hm n kiehpw Ah v s]mxp-ap-x-em-bn. injy- mcpss {]h Ø- \-^-e-ambn s]s -t mkvxp \mfn\p tij-am-bn-cp p hniz-kn- -h v Pohn-Xhpw, PohnXw hnizm-k-hp-am-bn-øo -Xv. Ccp-]Xmw \q m- nse s] -t mkvxp Icn-kvam- niv am\-km -c-a- m-bn-cp p Ah-cp-tS-Xv. AXm-bXv ]W-tØmSpw kºøn-t\mspw hns-]-d-bmsx Zimwiw simspøv IW- p-xo p ax-]-c-amb Hcp NS-ß- m-bn-cp p BZy \q m- nse k`-bv v. \mw ]d- p-h hnjbw kphn-ti-jo-i-cww (Evangelism) BWv. ""hniz-kn- p- -h-cpss D n \n p Xncp-sh-gpØp ]d-bp- -Xp-t]mse Poh-P-e-Øns \Zn- Iƒ HgpIpw F mwv'' hn\w ]d-bp- -Xv. F p-sim- mwv At\I hy n-ifpw k`-ifpw ip{iq-j-icpw kphn-ti-jo-i-c-w-øn\v ap Xq w \ Im-Ø-Xpw, AXh-cpsS Pohn-X-ssi-en-b- m-ø-xpw. Imc-Ww, hfsc hy -am-wv. Ah c n- s - -h-c-. c n- -s - -h-cn \n v kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw Poh-P-e-Øns \Zn-Iƒ Hgp- Intb Xocq. Hcn- t]mepw Hcp kphn-tij {]Xn hnx-cww snøm-ø-h-cpw, h -hn-t[-b\bpw kphn-tijw Adn-bn- Ww F lrz-b-`mcw C m-ø-hcpw {InkvXym-\n-I-sf v A`n-am-\n- p- Xpw Xr]vXn-s - n-cn- p- Xpw Zb-\ob ImgvNbm-Wv. Ah {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ A m-xn-cp- n- p-iqsn Xß-fpsS t]cn-s\m w _nj- v, dh. ^mz, dh-d v, ]mã XpS-ßnb sss n-ep-iƒ Fgp-Xn- n-sn- n- p- -Xv, XßƒXs hnh-c-iq-\y-x-bn h n-x-cm-bn- -gn-bp p F -XmWv bmym yw. kphn-ti-jo-i-cww \S-ØmØ {InkvXob the- m, Iqen- m-cmb sxmgnem-fn-iƒ am{x-am-wv. Ah snøp tpmen-bpss Iqen hmßp Iqen- mcpw BSp-I-sf- p-dn v (a-\p-jy-c- -sb- p-dn- v) hnnm-c-an- m-ø-h-cp-am-wv. Xß-fpsS hnhc-iq-\y-x-sb- n Xßƒ Xs t_m[-hm- m-c F p am{x-a-, Xß-fpsS A_- -ß-fn kzbw \ymbo-i-c-whpw \oxo-i-c-whpw \SØn IqSp-X Acm-N-I-Xz- Øn-epw, Zmcn-{Zy-Ønepw Bfln-Ihpw euin-i-hp-amb Zmcn-{Zy-Ønepw PohnXw X n- \o- p- p. IqSm-sX, sszhw snbvx \ -I-sf- p-dn-t m, A\p-{K-l-ß-sf- p-dnt m sx pw kvtxm{x-bmkw A n- m-sx, sszhoi A\p-{K-l-Øn-\mbn ho pw ho pw bmnn- bpw Xß-fpsS t`mtk- -I-fn D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\v h msx {]Xo- n- bpw snøp p. kphn-ti-jo-i-c-w-øn G s -SmØ as mcp Iq \oxo-i-cww Is -Øp- -Xv, BgvN apgp-h\pw \S-Øp ho p-{]m -\, D]-hmk {]m -\, Bcm-[-\, `h-\-k-μ i\w XpS-ßnb Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn hym]r-x-cmbn sss v t{]m{kmw \S- Øn-s m- m-bn-cn- pw. ASpØ ImeØv XpS-ßnb as mcp Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-bmWv ]niv\n- p-iƒ, Sq \S-Øp- -Xns\ "anj Sq ' F Hma-\-t \ In P\sØ h n- m {ian- p- -Xv. kphn-ti-jo-i-c-w-øn \n v Hgn- p-am-dm Is - Øp as mcp \ms-i-amwv s{]bvkv & h jn- v. I Øm-hns\ ]m pw Bcm-[- \bpw \SØn kpjn- n- v, Imcyw t\smw F m-w-h [cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. Cu Iem- ]-cn-]msn simgp- n- p- -Xn-\mbn 50 t] ]s -Sp- p k`-bn t mepw Iot_m Upw, sakm-t^mwpw XpSßn kie i_vz-tim-em-l-e-ßfpw ImWpw. B ku v knãhpw H-cp-]t I Øm-hns\ {]km-zn- n- m Nne \evip ImWn- bpw BImw. Hcp ku v knã-øns ]Ww Ds - n 50,000 t] v Hcp kphn-tij {]Xn hnx-cww snbvxn-cp-s - n sszhw {]km-zn v A\p-{Kln-t t\w F -h v ]cn- m-\-an- m-ø-xmwv ZpxJ-I-cw. ]cn- m-\-an- m-bvibm Fs P\w \in- p p' F ` -cpss \ne-hnfn F{X hmkvx-hw F nepw kap-zmb k`-i-fn-te p h m Ip m-\bpw I Ωm-Zn-Ifpw sim v I Ømhns\ hc- -h-c-bn \n Ømw F Nn -bmwv \S-Øn- p-im Aßs\ Nn n- n-s - nepw Ipd- -] w Bcm-[-\bv p IS- p-h-cp- -h-sc-sb- nepw snm - Sn p \n Øm Cu Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ axn-bmipw F -h -dn-bmw. I Ømhns tai, Xncp-h-Ømgw, Ip m-\, am v F t]cn Ft mgpw \S-Øm PmK-cq-I-cmbn \nev -bmwv t\xm- ƒ. ImcWw P\-Øn-\v, D n {InkvXp-hns\ kzoi-cn- m\v Xmgvabpw k -\ pw C m-ø-xp-sim- v, Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnse k`-i-fne Ct m-gsø {Iao-I-c-W-ßtfm-sSm w Bflm -ambn kl-i-cn- pi F -XmWv t]mfn-kn. ] n, k`, {SÃn-amcpw lm n-bmwv ImcWw Ip _m-\, Xncp-h-Ømgw D -t mƒ kvtxm{x ImgvN IqSp- X ]ncn- p-in- pw. Bcm-[-\, IqSn-h-c-hp-Iƒ Ch-Iƒs m w anj {]h Ø\-ßƒ v 50% F nepw {]m[m\yw Du \ ImØ k`-isf k`-iƒ F hnfn-t -cn\v A l-c-. CS-h-I, _P- p-iƒ Xøm-dm- p-tºmƒ, anj {]h Ø- \-ßƒ v, kphn-ti-jo-i-c-w-øn\v 50% XpI hi-bn-cp- Øp- pthm? F p {i n- p-i. I]-S-`- -cmb hymp {InkvXym-\n-Itf F I Øm-hns kwt_m-[\ \nßƒ tiƒ m-sx-bn-cn- -W-sa- n _P- n \oxn ]pe Øp-I. ssd v. dh.- kæn G{_lmw No^vFUn- B -Ip- n-bm-tw H- p-in Ip-d- -Xp 3-4 s]- Æp-ß-sf-sb- n-epw h-f-bv- m ]- -Ww... A- - n X- \n a-wp- q-k-\m-h-w-sa- pw AXn-eqsS ]Tn- pw. \n-b-am-\p-k-c-ww c- m-i -Øm- ƒ Ip- n-sb X- n- q-sm. kv-iq-fn-se am-jpam t\m- m-t\ ]m-sn-.. ]- co- -sb-gp-xp- F- m-h-cpw P-bn- pw. A- -cw-t]mepw A-dn-b-W-sa- n-. F- n-epw H-cp {Xn- n-\p tim- nb-sn- pw. ]n-sn- -s -Sn-. C-\n ]n-sn- m ]n-sn- km-dns ]-Wn t]m-ipw... Cs- - n Nm-\-en-se am-aamcpw B n-am-cpw-iq-sn I-f-bn- p-x-cpw. t]m-eo-kv ]n-sn- m-epw X- n- q-sm... X- -W-sa- n- t\m- n-bm-epw A-h-cp-sS ]-Wn I-f-bmw... A-Xn-\p th-td Nn-e am-a- m-cpw k- lm-bn- pw. ap-t - v hn-cn-bpw-ap-tº Ip- n-sb Sq-ho-e Hm-Sn- m ]Tn- n- pw. I-fn- m sam-ss_ -t^m sim-sp- pw, F- n- p a-i-s an-sp- p-]-d- p \m- p-im-cp-ss-ap-ºn sr-fn-bpw. ]-Ømw-X-cw I-gn- m D-S-t\ sn- Sqho-e-dn\v hm-in ]n-sn- pw. ho- p-im - p K-Xn-bn-t epw h- n-th-w-sa- p ''Ip- n-\v'' hm-in. k-ω-xn- nt Nm-Ip-sa- v `o-j-wn. s]-t{smƒ-hm-ßm Im-in- \p I- m-hn-s _n-kn-\- v, As- - n ssi-søm-gnem-bn am-e s]m- n- mw. F- mw I-gn- p ]-d- p-t]m- Ip-tºmƒ H-cm-I-kn-U v... i-eyw Xo - p. ]-e-ho- p- Im-cpw sh-t -j-\m-ip-tºmƒ ]-d-bp- -Xm ''tlm... C- \n kv-iq-fp-xp-d- pw-h-sc Cu i-eyw k-ln- -W-at m'' v \m- n-se {^o- - m-cpw A-h-cp-sS {^- - m-cpw X- I -Øp Xn-a - p-i-bm-wv. C-Xn-s\m-s F-cow ]p-fow Iq- m kn-\ntase \m-b-i- m-cpw... I-Sn- m-s m- m-ø dialogue Dw full time sh-f-f-hpw -A-Sn- p I- -\pw-]p- I- v, 100 B-\-bp-sS(Nn-e - v 100 JCB bp-ss) I-cp-Øpap- \m-b-i t]m-eo-kn-s\tbm cm- o-b- m-c-t\-tbm t]-sn-bn-... A-h-sc X- pw, sx-dn-hn-fn- pw. th- n-h- m X- -bv- pw hn-fn-bv- pw. C-Xp-I- v B-th-iw aq-ø ^m -kv bq-ø- m C- Xm-c-Øn-s Nn-{Xw h- s]- n-bp-am-bn B-\- p-d-øv B-Zy tjm Im-Wm h-cpw. Xm-c-Øn-s ^v-f-iv-kn ]m-e-`n-tj-iw \-S-Øpw. A-ß-s\ sn-øp-tºmƒ Xm-sg-ho-Wv N-Ø-h-s ho- nse ]- n-wn-am- m C- -Xm-cw H-cp cq-]-t]m-epw sim-sp- Øn-t -epw hn-j-aw txm- m-sx A- zm-\n- p- X-an-gt\-bpw _w-km-fn-tb-bpw a- -s\- p hn-fn- pw. B-cpw \n-b-{ n- m-\n-... \n-b-{ n- p- -Xv C- - hp-a-. km-aqly-a-cym-z Xo-sc-bn-. F- p ]-cn-]m-sn-\- S- m-epw A-hn-sS- mw A-e-t m-e-ap- m- p-hm Ip-td A-e-h-em-Xn-Iƒ h-cpw. Ip-fn- m-sx ap-sn \o- n-h-f -Øn tem-th-ãv ]m -kp-an- v bike C-c-ºn- v \-S- p- Ip-tdsb-Æw. B-sf-s m- n- m-bm-epw {]-Iy-Xn \-in- n- n- m-bmepw IpSpw-_w Ip-fw-tXm- n-bm-epw kz- w Im-cyw \- S- -Ww F- co-xn-bn a-e-bm-fn-sb am- n-b-xm-cm- Wv...??? 2030 `m-c-xw tem-i-øn-se G- -hpw h-en-b i- nbm-im Ip-Xn- p-tºmƒ a-e-bm-fn bp-h-xzw F- m ta- J-e-bn-epw ]n-t m- p-t]m-ip- p. ]p-cm-x-\ `m-c-x-øns hn-zym-`ym-k kmw-kv- m-cn-i ti-{μ-ß-fm-b ]m-seo-]p-{x-bpw \-f-μ-bpw ÿn-xn-sn-bv-x _o-lm-dn-s C- -sø A-h-ÿ-bm-hpw \m-sf ti-c-f-øn-\pw. Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn N- v, ap-øv, t{_m-kn-s\ h-f -Øn \-Ω-fo \m-sn-s\ Kp- -I-fp-sS kz- w \m-sm- pw... I-S- m-sv : kp-[o-jv.f-kv.f k-_v C -kv-s]-œ Hm-^v t]m-eo-kv.

3 hm Øm]{XnI CS-hI Npa-X-e- m aq p h j-tø v Bhs CS-hI ssiÿm\ (Managing Committee) kan-xn-bpss sxc-s - Sp v F m h jhpw \S-Øp Hcp ]Xn-hm-Wn-t m-gp- -Xv. Hcp `c-w-kanxn Npa-Xe G -tijw Imcy-ßƒ ]Tn- p-h-cp-tºm-tg pw h Xpw {]h Øn- m-\p kabw AXn-{Ian- n-cn- pw. CS-h-I-bn ]e-x-c-ønep ] -Xn-Iƒ (projects) Xøm-dmt - Xv Hcp ÿesø anj-\dn {]h Ø-\-ßƒ v AXy- m-t]- n- X-am-Wv. Cu kml-n-cy-øn \ΩpsS Hmtcm CS-h-I-I-fn-sebpw ssiÿm\ kan-xn-i-fpss Imem-h[n aq p h jtø-s v `c-w-l-s-\-bn am w hcp-ø-ww. ASp-Øp-h-cp k`m-{]- Xn-\n-[n-a-WvUe tbmk-øn `c-w- L-S-\-bn am w hcp-øm th \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoi-cn- m {]Xn-\n[n k`m-a-wvu-emw-k-ßƒ Nn n p {]h Øn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. ssiÿm\ kan-xn-bpss A y- kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw hnimcn Xs Bbn-cn- p-a-t m. sshkv {]kn-u v, sk{i- -dn, {SÃn, A u- v, IΩ n AwK-ßƒ Ch-cp-sSsb mw {]h Ø-\-Im-em-h[n aq p h j-tø v F p \n -bn- p-ibmwp th -Xv. {][m\ Npa-X-e- m 2 tsan IqSp-X {]h Øn- m A\p-h-Zn- -bp-a-cp-xv. Hcp CS-h-I-bn as mcp Soans\ ]cn-io-en- n- p- - Xn\pw P\-ß-fpsS ] m-fnøw h n- n- p- -Xn\pw Npa-X-e- m-cpss Imem-h[n ]c-am-h[n 2 tsw AXm-bXv 6 h j-ambn \n -bn- p-ibpw thww. CS-hI Npa-X-e- m-cmbn {]h - Øn- p- -h-cn IrXy-\n-jvT, {]h - Ø-\-Ønse I Ω-\n-cX Ch Xr]vXn- I-c-a-s - n ssiÿm\ kan-xnbnse 60% Bfp-Iƒ Bh-iy-s -Sp- - X-\p-k-cn v sshkv {]kn-u v, sk{i- -dn, {SÃn, A u- v Chsc Bh-iy-sa- n \o w snbvxv ]pxnb `mc-hm-ln-isf sxc-s -Sp- p- -Xn-\p kml-n-cyhpw D mbn-cn- -Ww. {Ia-t -Sp-Iƒ D m-bm \o w snøm aq p h jw hsc kln-t - n-h-cp-at m F p `b v `cw Imem-h[n Hcp h j-tø p am{xw F Ct m-gsø ÿnxn XpScp- -Xn\v {ian- p- Xv ]ptcm-k-a-\-{]- h Ø-\-ßƒ v XS w Bbn-cn- pw. am tøm-ay an\n vkv Fgp-Xm-\pw, A u v Fgp-Xm\pw Adn-bm taem-ø-hsc sk{i- -dnbpw {SÃnbpw A u- pambn sxc-s -Sp- p- Xp Imc-Ww, Ah aqew hnim-cn-am kln-t - nh-cp ] - m-sp-iƒ F{X-sb v AhtcmSp tnmzn- m a\- n-em-ipw. hnhn[ CS-h-I-I-fn {]h Øn- n- pfvf hnim-cn-am Xßƒ sk{i- -dnam, {SÃn-am, A u- v XpS-ßnb-h-cn \n v kln ]ou-\-ßƒ F{X-sb v k`-bnse ] - m-tcmsv At\z-jn- m hnh-cn- p-x-cpw. F m IqSp-X AwK-ßfpw, kmº-øni `{Z-X-bp-ap CS-h-I-Ifn Imcy-ßƒ an -hmdpw apdt]mse \S-Øm ]cn-n-b-kº- cmb Aflm-btcm AXp-a-s - n Hm^okv {Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw pw a pw D m-bn-cn- pw. F m _lp- `q-cn-] w CS-h-I-I-fp-sSbpw ÿnxn AX-. c pw aq pw CS-h-I-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-bp hnim-cn-am `c-w-l-s- \-{]-Imcw ssiÿm-\-kan-xnbpw s]mxp-tbm-khpw a pw a pw \SØn A- Xns dnt m pw a pw `{Zm-k\ Hm^o-kn ka n- m F{X-am{Xw t i-ßƒ kln-t - n-h-cp p F p a\- n-em- p-i. krjvsn-]-c-ambn bmsxmcp {]tbm-p-\-hp-an- mø C- Øcw Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ v A w hcp-øm Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc klm-bn- pw, ssiÿm\ kan-xn-bpss Imemh[n aq p h j-tø-s v Xocp-am- \n- m. IqSmsX Npa-X-e- m-cmbn sxcs -Sp- -s -Sp sk{i- -dn, {SÃn, A u- v Ch v B IrXyw \n Δ-ln- p- -Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-ioe\w \ In k n-^n- - p-iƒ \ Ip Hcp kwhn-[m-\hpw \ap v D m-bn-cn- -Ww. k n-^n-t v timgvkv ]m m-im-ø-hsc Npa-Xe ÿm\-ß-fn {]th-in- n- m ]msn-. CS-h-I-I-fpsS kpk-a-amb \S-Øn- p-iƒ pw Ime-L- -Øns sh p-hnfn-isf I -dn v CS-h-I-I-fpsS I Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ IqSp-X kpo-ham- p- -Xn\pw \ap v Hcp Agn- p- ]Wn Bh-iy-am-bn-cn- p- p. k`m-{]- Xn-\n[n awvu-emw-k-ßfpw ] - mcpw, _nj- p-amcpw C m-cy-øn Bh-iy-amb kl-i-cww \ IWw F At]- -tbm-ss, am tøm-ay shfn-]m-sv ]p-kv-xiw k-ºq -Æ hym-jym\w 2 mw ]-Xn v s{]m-^. si.kn. Um-\n-tb 400 t]-pv 325 cq], {]-kn- o-i-cn- p. Contact Suvartha Bhavan, Panachamoottil Bldg., Near Pvt. Bus Stand Tiruvalla - 689 101, Phone : 0469-2740334 (O) c pxcw Zpc- -ßƒ..! F- m ssz-h-`- -cm-b-h B-fl-\n-b-{ -Ww ssi-hn-sm-sx, Cu kw-`-hn- -Xn-eq-sS ssz-hw F- m-wv ]Tn- n- p- -sx- v B-cm-bp- -h-cm-wv. `- -\m-b C-tøm-_n-s k-º-øpw a- -fpw \-in- pt]m-b hm -Ø-tI- -t m-ƒ, A-[-c-ß-fm ]m-]w sn-øp-i-tbm sszh-øn-\v t`m-j-xzw B-tcm-]n- p-i-tbm sn-øm-sx, b-tlm-h X- p, b-tlm-h F-Sp-Øp, b-tlm-h-bp-ss \m-aw hm-gv-ø-s -Sp-amdm-I-s F- v G- p-]-d-bp- p- v. F.-sF. tpm p-ip n aigeorgekutty@gmail.com 9496597766 F- m-zn-h-k-hpw D-W-cp-tºm-tg Zp-c- -hm -Ø-I-fm-Wv \-sω Im-Øn-cn- p- - Xv. A-h-sb- mw I- pw ti- pw k-aq-l- Øn-s a-\x-km- n- ]-t a-c-hn- p-ign- p. sim-e-]m-x-i-ß-fp-ss-bpw ]o-u- \-ß-fp-sS-bpw bp- -ß-fp-sS-bpw a- pw X -k-a-b kw-t{]-j-w-ß-fpw C-e-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Iv-kv km-t -Xn-I-X D-]-tbm-Kn- v {Iq-c-Ir-Xy-ß-sf B-kv-]-Z-am- n X-ømdm- n-bn- p- ho-un-tbm-sk-bn-ap-i-fp-sa- mw hn-im-c-c-ln-x-am-b (a-\x-im-kv-{x- Øn -kv-in-tkm-bn-uv F- kz-`m-hssh-i-eyw) H-cp k-aq-l-sø cq-]-s -Sp- Øp-hm-\p- D-Zy-a-Øn-em-Wv. Zp-c- -ß-sf s]m-xp-hn c- m-bn Xncn- mw. a-\p-jy a-\x-]q -Δw sn-øp- h-bpw B-I-kv-an-I-am-bn kw-`-hn- p- -hbpw. tb-ip-hn-s A-Sp- Nn-e h- v K-h -Æ-dm-b ]o-em-tøm-kv Nn-e K- eo-e- m-sc hm-fp-sim- v sim- p-i-f- kw-`-hw A-dn-bn- -t mƒ tb-ip \- ev-in-b a-dp-]-sn Zp-c- -ß-sf- - n-bp- ho- -W-ß-fn-se ap -hn-[n-i-sf-bpw hym- Jym-\-ß-sf-bpw kw-_- n- p- -h-bmbn-cp- p: B K-eo-e- m C-Xv A-\p-`hn- -bn F- m K-eo-e- m-cn-epw-h- v ]m-]n-iƒ B-bn-cp- p-sh- v \n-ßƒ- v txm- p- p-thm? A- -, am-\-km- -c-s - Sm- m \n-ßƒ F- m-h-cpw A-ß-s\- X-t \-in- p-t]m-ipw F- v Rm \nß-tfm-sv ]-d-bp- p. A-, io-tem-lm-anse tkm-]p-cw ho-wv a-cn- p-t]m-b B ]- Xn-s\- p-t] b-cq-i-te-an ]m - p- k-i-e-a-\p-jy-cn-epw Ip- - m B-bn-cp- p F- v txm- p- p-thm? A- -, am- \-km- -c-s -Sm- m \n-ßƒ F- m-hcpw A-ß-s\-X-t \-in- p-t]m-ipw F- v Rm \n-ß-tfm-sv ]-d-bp- p(eqt m.13:1 5). C-hn-sS ]-d-bp- c- v kw-`-h-ß-fn H- v h-s- ]-e-kv-xo-\n-se K-eo-e-bnepw, a-t -Xv b-lq-zy-bn-se b-cq-i-te-an-epam-wv kw-`-hn- -Xv. H-sc-Æw am-\p-jn-i- C- S-s]-S - -]o-em-tøm-kv a-\x-]q -Δw snbv-x-xv- -aq-e-hpw, a-t -Xv (tkm-]p-cw ho-w- Xv) B-I-kv-an-I-am-bn -kw-`-hn- -Xp-am-Wv. Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fm-b b-lq-z- m - v tdma -ta-ev-t m-bv-a-tbm-sv I-Sp-Ø A-a - jw D- m-bn-cp- A- m-e-øv `-c-w-iq- S-tØm-Sv G- p-ap- -p- I-em-]-ß-fpw A- h-sc A-a - -sn-øp- ssk-\o-i-\-s-]-sn- I-fpw ]-Xn-hm-bn-cp- p. A-Xp-am-bn _- - s - m-bn-cn- mw a-x-i -Ω-ß-fn ]-s - Sp-Øp-sIm- n-cp- K-eo-e- m-sc ]o-emtøm-kn-s ]- m-fw sim-e-s -Sp-Øn-b- Xv. io-tem-lm-an-se tkm-]p-cw ho-wv ]- Xn-s\- p-t] a-cn- kw-`-h-sø- - n a- v th-z-`m-k-ß-fn ]-cm-a -i-ß-fn-. Kotlm D-d-h-sb X-S- p-\n -Øn io-temlmw Xp-c- -Øn-eq-sS \-K-c-Øn-\-I-sØ io-tem-lmw Ip-f-Øn-te- v F-Øn- p- ]p-cm-x-\ P-e-hn-X-c-W kw-hn-[m-\-øns `m-k-am-bn ]-Wn-b-s - tkm-]p-c-ambn-cn- mw X-I - p-ho-w-xv. B kw-`-hw P-\-ßƒ a-d- n- n- m-bn-cp- p. Zp-c- -ß-fn-eq-sS ssz-hw a-\p-jy - v k-tμ-i-ßƒ \-ev-ip- p- v.- A-{]-Xo- n- X-am-b Zp-c- -ßƒ a-\- n ssh-im-cn- I-am-b ]n-cn-ap-dp- -ß-fp- m- mw. an- h-cpw -t m-`-w \n-b-{ n- m-\m-hm-sx, F- s - n-ep-sam-s ]-d-bp-i-bpw {]-h -Øn- p-i-bpw sn-øpw. F- m ssz-h-`- - cm-b-h B-fl-\n-b-{ -Ww ssi-hn-smsx, Cu kw-`-hn- -Xn-eq-sS ssz-hw F- m-wv ]Tn- n- p- -sx- v B-cm-bp- h-cm-wv. `- -\m-b C-tøm-_n-s k-º- Øpw a- -fpw \-in- p-t]m-b hm -Ø-tI- -t m-ƒ, A-[-c-ß-fm ]m-]w sn-øp-itbm ssz-h-øn-\v t`m-j-xzw B-tcm-]n- p-i-tbm sn-øm-sx, b-tlm-h X- p, b-tlm-h F-Sp-Øp, b-tlm-h-bp-ss \maw hm-gv-ø-s -Sp-am-dm-I-s F- v G- p- ]-d-bp- p- v. -c- v hm -Ø-I-fpw P-\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn c- p-x-cw hn-im-c-ß-fm-wv D- m- p- - Xv. ]o-em-tøm-kv K-eo-e- m-sc sim- n- kw-`-h-øn i- -am-b tcm-jw D-fhm-Ip-I kzm-`m-hn-i-am-wv (tb-ip-hn-s\ K-eo-e- m-c-\-bn- m-wv P-\-ßƒ I-W- m- n-bn-cp- -Xv). io-tem-lm-an-se tkm-]pcw ho-w-xv ssz-h-in- -bm-bn hym-jym- \n- -s -Sm-\m-Wv km-[y-x (a-t -Xv a-\pjy \-S- m- n-b in- -bpw). Zp-c- -ßƒ kw-`-hn- p-tºmƒ c- -s - -h-cp-ss \o-xn-bm-wv A-h-sc c- n- -sx- pw, a- cn- -h a-lm-]m-]n-i-fm-bn-cp- p, ssz-hin- - aq-e-am-wv A-h a-cn- -sx- p-ap- [m-c-w- k-aq-l-øn-ep- v. A-Xn-\m - Ø-s A-h-cp-sS ap -Im-e sn-bv-xn-itfm, ]q -Δn-I-cp-sS tzm-j-ß-tfm H-s - Nn-I- v I-s -Øm B-fp-I-ƒ Xn-Sp- w Iq- pw (]n-d-hn-bn-te Ip-cp-S-\m-b `n- - m-c-s\ Nq- n-, in-jy- m tb-iphn-t\m-sv: Kp-tcm, C-h Ip-cp-S-\m-bn ]nd- -Ø- -h-æw B-cv ]m-]w sn-bv-xp? C-h-t\m? C-h-s A-Ω-b- - m-tcm? (tbm-l.9:1 4)F- v tnm-zn- -Xv C-Xn-\v D- Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv). F- m tb-ip A-hcp-sS ap -hn-[n-i-sf Xn-cp-Øn. ssz-h-{]- hr-øn sh-fn-hm-ti- -Xn-\m-Wv A-h-\v Cu ÿn-xn h- -Xv F- v ]-d- p. A-Xp-t]m-se, Cu c- v kw-`-h-ßfpw h-cm-\n-cn- p- H-cp h-en-b hn-]-øns kq-n-\-bm-sw- v tb-ip ]-d- p. am-\-km- -c-s - n-s - n B h-en-b hn- ]-Øn A-h-sc- mw \-in- p-t]m-ip-sa- v I -Øm-hv ap- -dn-bn- v \-ev-in. G.- Un. 70- tdm-a ]- m-fw b-cq-i-te-w ]n- Sn-s -Sp-Ø k-a-b-øv b-cq-i-te-an-\p- n Ip-Sp-ßn-t m-b- b-lq-z- m \-K-ctØm-sSm- w \m-i-øn-\n-c-bm-bn. F- m in-jy- m {In-kv-Xp-hn-s ap- dn-bn- v Hm -Øv t\-c-tø-x-s Hm-Sn-t mbn c- -s - n-cp- -p. \-in- p-t]m-im-xn-cn- p-hm am-\-km- -c-s -Sp-I F- v Hm-tcm Zp-c- -Øn-\v ap-ºpw ]n-ºp-am-bn ssz-hw a-\p-jy-tcm-sv ]-d-bp- p- v. h-cp-hm-\p- tim-]-øn - \n- v H-gn- v Hm-Sn-t m-ip-hm D- h- gn A-Xv am-{x-am-wv.

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5 hm Øm]{XnI {]kwkw \n-ßƒ- v ]m-]-sø aq-sn-h-bv- m I-gn-bn- th-z-]p-kv-x-i-øn ssz-hw F- p ]-d-bp- p F- -dn-bp- -Xn- \p- B-Imw- -t]m-se C- v tem-i-øn F- v kw-`-hn- p- p F- -Xn-s\- - n B-fp-Iƒ- v bm-sxm-cp D-Xv- -WvT-bp-an- F- s -\n- p-d- m-wv. B-fp-Iƒ- v km-aq-ly-im-kv-{x-sø- p-dn-t m X-Xz-im-kv-{X-sØ- p-dn-t m cm- { -X-{ -sø- p-dn-t m tiƒ- m Xm-Xv-]-cy-ap-s - v txm- p- n- A-Xp \-ap- v B-h-iy- Øn-\p e-`n- p-i-gn- p! ssz-h- Øn-\p ]-d-bm-\p- -Xv F- m-sw- p tiƒ- m-\p- hn-i- p- -hcm-wv C- p- P-\-Øn-\p- -Xv. A-Xp-sIm- v C- v, hn-izm-knbp-ss Po-hn-X-Øn-se ]m-]-sø- p-dn- p hm-bn- m \-ap- v k- Zr-i-hm-Iy-ßƒ 28:13 te- v t\m- mw: ""X-s ew-l-\-ß-sf a-dbv- p- -h- p ip-`w h-cn-i-bn- ; A-h-sb G- p-]-d- p D-t]- n- p- -h-t m I-cp-W- e-`n- pw.'' Zn-h-k-ßƒ I-gn-bp-t m-dpw cm-{xn- Iƒ I-gn-bp-t m-dpw ]m-]-hp-am-bn \o-ßp-, A-Xp-am-bn Xp-S - v t]m-ip- hy- n-i-sf \mw Xncp-sh-gp-Øn \n-c- -cw Im-Wp- p. _m-ly-im-gv-n-bn a- m-tc- m-fpw A-h A-`n-hr- n-s -Sp- t m F- v \-ap- v txm- n-t m- Ipw. ]-s ssz-hw ]-d-bp- p, ""X-s ew-l-\-ß-sf a-d-bv- p- h- p ip-`w h-cn-i-bn- '' (k-zr-i-. 28 :13). Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp ]-d-bp- p, ""]m-]-øn-s i-º-fw a-c-w-at{x'' (tdm-a 6:23). A-Xm-Wv sszhn-i \n-b-aw. ""a-\p-jy hn-sx- p- -Xp X-t sim-øpw'' (K-em- Xy 6:7) F- v Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp ]- d-bp- p. X-s ]m-]w B-cpw A- dn-bp- n- F- v Nn- n- p- A- t\-i C- p- v. F- m A-ßs\-b-, F-s - m ssz-hw F- mw Im-Wp-I-bpw A-dn-bp-I-bpw sn-øp- p. Cu \m-fp-i-fn k - Δ-i- -\m-b ssz-hw X-s \ymb-hn-[n-bp-ss I-c-ßƒ \o- pw. a-cp-`q-an-bp-ss ]n- m-ºp-d-ßfn I-gn- tam-si-bp-ss I-Ybm-Wv ]p-d- m-sv ]p-kv-x-i-øn-ep- -Xv. ssz-hw I-Øp- apƒ- -S - n-s cq-]-øn tam-si- p {]- Xy- -s - -t mƒ A-h B-Sp-Isf ta-bn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. sszhw ]-d- p, ""tam-si, \o F-s P-\w B-Ip- bn-{km-tb-en-s\ an-{k-bow tz-i-øp \n- v sim- p-t]m-i-ww. Rm A-{_-lman-\pw A-h-s X-e-ap-d-bv- pw hm- Kv- -Z-Øw sn-bv-x tz-i-tø- p \o A-h-sc \-bn- -Ww.'' A-t mƒ tam-si ]-d- p, ""]-t b-tlm-th, Rm B-cpa-. F-\n- v F -]-Xp h-b- m- bn, F-s X-e \-c- p, F-s sxm-en Np-fn- p, Rm hr- - \m-bn, Rm kw-km-cn- p-tºmƒ hn- pw.'' ssz-hw ]-d- p, ""\o t]m-i- Ww. \n-\- v ]-d-bm-\p- hm- p- I-fpw ss[-cy-hpw Rm \ -Ipw. \n- n-eq-ss Rm A- p-x-ßƒ {]-h -Øn- pw. bn-{km-tb -a- sf an-{k-bo-an-se A-Sn-a-Ø-Øn \n- pw _- -\-Øn \n- pw hm- Kv- -Z-Ø-\m- n-te- p \-bn- m-\p- I-gn-hv Rm \n-\- v \ -Ipw.'' A-ß-s\ F -]-Xmw h-b- n tam-si b-tlm-h-bm-b ssz-h-øns hn-fn A-\p-k-cn- p. A-t\-I k-a-b-ß-fn-epw sszhw X-s Zm-k-s\ I-s -Øm sk-an-\m-cn-bn-te-t m k-º- - n-s-bn-te-t m A- t]m-im-dp- - Xv. a-cp-`q-an-bp-ss ]n- m-ºp-d-ß-fnte-t m _n- n k - -tu F- a- \p-jy-s\- n- m t_-kv t_mƒ I-fn- -f-øn-te-t m, Un. F. aq-un F- hy- n- m-bn jq I- S-bn-te-t m ssz-hw t]m-ipw. h-\m- -c-ß-fn \n- v, B - pw ti- p-tiƒ-hn t]m-ep-an- m- Ø, Po-hn-Xw ssz-h-øn-\p A-Snb-d-hp h-bv- m X-øm-dm-b H-cph-s\ ]-cn-ip- m-flm-hn-\m A- `n-tj-iw sn-bv-xv, I -Øm-hm-b tb-ip-{in-kv-xp-hn-s kp-hn-ti-j- I-\m-bn A-b-bv- m ssz-hw Xnc-s -Sp- p- -Xv \mw C- v Im- Wm t]m-ip-i-bm-wv. ssz-hw tam-si-sb Xn-c-s -Sp-Øp, sszhw A-h-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn- p. am-{xa-, ssz-h-øn-\p \n-s -bpw D- ]-tbm-kn- mw. ]-t ""F-\n- v h-f-sc {]m-b-am-bn-. F-s -s m- v H-cp {]-tbm-p-\-hpw C-. F- s Po-hn-X-Øn-s \- Im-ew I- gn- p'' F- v \n-ßƒ ]-d-t - pw. km- o-i-cn- m \n - ptºmƒ \n-ß-fp-ss Im-ep-Iƒ hnd-t - mw, kw-km-cn- p-tºmƒ \n-ßƒ hn- n-tb- mw. P-\- q- sø Im-Wp-tºmƒ \n-ßƒ ]-Xdn-tb- mw. ]-t \n-ßƒ kz-bw G-ev-]n- p sim-sp-øm ssz-h- Øn-\p \n-ß-sf {]-tbm-p-\-s -Sp- Øm I-gn-bpw. A-h-s ln-x- Øn-\pw ]-cn-ip- m-fl i- n- pap- \n-ß-fp-ss k-ºq -Æ k- a - -W-am-Wv A-h-\v B-h-iyw. A-ß-s\ ssz-hw tam-si-sb hn-fn- p. tam-si ssz-h-p-\-sø an-{k-bo-an \n- v sn- -S h- gn-bm-bn \-S-Øn; A- p-x-ßƒ Xp-S-sc-Øp-S-sc sn-bv- -Xp. ]-s a-cp-`q-an-bn ]m-dtbmsv I - n- m-sx A-Xn-s\ A- Sn- p sim- v tam-si ssz-h-tøm- _n n-{klmw IpSpw_w `mcybpw a fpw Sv A-\p-k-c-W-t -Sp {]-h -Øn- p. tam-si-bp-ss A-\p-k-c-Wt -Sp \n-an-øw A-h-\p hm-kv- -Z- Ø-\m- n {]-th-i-\-an- F- v ssz-hw ]-d- p. A-Xp-sIm- v, \q- n-bn-cp-]-xmw h-b- n tam-si s\-t_m ] - Δ-X-Øn \n- p. Zo -L-\m-fp- Iƒ Xm kz-]v-\w I-, s]m-cp- Xn-b, {]m - n-, ssz-hw X-cp-sa- v hn-iz-kn- B hm-kv-z-ø-\m-sv tam-si D-b-c-Øn \n- v t\m- n- - p. B s\-t_m ] -h-x- Øn h- p ssz-h-øn-s Zm-k- \m-b tam-si a-cn- p. tam-si-bpss a-c-ww ssz-hn-i ]- -Xn-I-sf X-S- -s -Sp-Øn-bn-. ssz-hn-i ]- -Xn-Iƒ \-sω- Np- n- - n-bm-wv F- v \-Ωn ]- e-cpw Nn- n- m-dp- v. ]-s \- sω- q-sm-sx ssz-hw ap -t]m- p t]m-ipw. ssz-h-øn-\p \o-tbm Rm-t\m Iq-Sn-tb Xo-cp F- v Nn- n- -cp-xv. A-ß-s\-b-. ssz-hn- I ]- -Xn ssz-h-zm-k- m-sc Iq- Sm-sX \-S- pw. ""Rm \n-s A-\p-{K-ln- p- I-bn-, Rm \n-\- v P-bw X-cn- I-bn-. \o aq-sn-h-bv- m {i-an- p- ]m-]w \o- n- -f- n- F- n Rm \n-s \ym-bw hn- [n- pw'' F- v ssz-hw \-tωm-sp ]-d-bpw. ]-s, \-Ωƒ ]-d-bpw, ""Fs ap-dp-si- n-sn- n-cn- p- B Zp-jn- io-ew D-t]- n- m F- \n- v I-gn-bp- n-.'' C-, \n-ßƒ- v I-gn-I-bn-. ]-s \n-ßƒ ssz-h-sø A-\p-h-Zn- m, sszh-øn-\p I-gn-bpw. ssz-h-sø A- \p-h-zn- m-ø C-S-tØm-fw B ]m-]-{]-hr-øn-i-fpw, \n-ß-sf ]m- ]-Øn _- n- p- N-ß-e-Ifpw X-I - m \n-ßƒ- v I-gn- I-bn-. Nn-e B-bn-cw X-h-W {i-an- n- p- m-ipw. A-h Nn-e \-ho- I-c-W-ßƒ h-cp-øp-i-bpw A-ßs\ sn-øp-sa- v {]-Xn- -sb-sp- p-i-bpw sn-øpw. ]-s, A-h H-cn- -epw sn-øp-i-bn-. A-h ]m-]w sn-bv- -Xp-sIm-t -bn-cn- pw. A-h-cp-sS B-flm-hv \-in- pw. A- ß-s\ A-h \-c-i-øn \n-xy- X sn-e-hn-spw. ]-t, ssz-hw ]-d-bp- p, ""Ir-]-bm-e-t m \n-ßƒ hn-izmkw-aq-ew c- n- -s - n-cn- p- -Xv; A-Xn- pw \n-ßƒ Im-c-W-a- ; ssz-h-øn-s Zm-\-a-t{X-bm-Ip- p. B-cpw {]-iw-kn- m-xn-cn- m {]- hr-øn-i-fpw Im-c-W-a- '' (F-s^ky 2:8 9 ). {In-kv-Xo-b Po-hn- X-Øn hn-p-bw t\-sm-\p- G- I-am - w ]-cn-ip- m-flm-hn-s\, _n n-{k-lm-ans {]kw-kw- ssz-h-sø A-Xv sn-øm A-\ph-Zn- p- -Xm-Wv. \n-ß-fn Nn-e ]-cm-pn-x-sct m-se-bm-wv {In-kv-Xo-b Po-hn- Xw \-bn- p- -Xv. P-b-an-, k- t m-j-an-, i- n-bn-, Po-hn-X- Øn-s G- -hpw D-Ø-a-am-b-sXm- pw \n-ßƒ- v e-`n- p- n-, F- m F-hn-sS-bm-Wv sx- n-b-xv F- v \n-ßƒ A-º-c- p- p. ]p-d-ta, F- mw ta- -bm-bn Im- W-s -Sp- p. \n-ßƒ- v- - Np- pw H- cp {]-`m-h-e-bw D-s - p ]p-d-ta F- m-h-cpw I-cp-Xp- p. _m-ly-ambn \n-ßƒ- v H-cp hn-ip- n-bp-ss th-j-ap- v. ]-t A-I-ta \nßƒ ]m-]w aq-sn-h-bv- m ]-cn- {i-an- p-i-bm-wv. \-ap- v ]n-sn- -s -Sm-sX ]m- ]-hp-am-bn Xp-S-cm I-gn-bp-sa- v \mw hn-iz-kn- p- p. ]-t \- ap- v I-gn-bn- F- v ssz-hw ]-dbp- p. \-ap- v I-gn-bn- F- v tem-iw ]-d-bp- p. \-ap- v I-gnbn- F- v {]-Ir-Xn ]-d-bp- p. F- p-sim- v? F-s - m ]m-]w sn-bv- -Xp ]n-sn- -s -Sm-sX t]m-bh B-cp-an-. tem-i-n-cn-{x-øn B-cpw ]m-]-hp-am-bn k-am-[m-\- tøm-ss ap-t m- p t]m-bn- n-. A- Xv km- y-a- F- v ssz-hw ]-d- n- p- v. \ym-b-hn-[n-bp-ss knw-lm-k-\- Øn ssz-h-ap -]m-si \mw \n - pw. A-Xv Ku-c-h-ta-dn-b Imcy-am-Wv. ssz-hw hn-ip- -\m-b ssz-h-am-wv. ]m-]w A-\p-h-Zn- m A-h-\v I-gn-bn-. ""]-t, ssz-h-ta Rm k-`-bn t]m-bn. Rm F-s I-S-ßƒ ho- m {ian- p, Rm k-aq-l-øn-\p \- h-\m-im {i-an- p. Hm, ssz-h-ta, Rm A-h-sb- mw snøm {ian- p'' F- v \mw ]-d-t - pw. F- m ssz-hw ]-d-bp- p, ""X-s ew-l-\-ß-sf a-d-bv- p- h- p ip-`w h-cn-i-bn- '' (k-zr-i-. 28 :13). am-{x-a-, ""]m-]-øn-s i-º-fw a-c-w-a-t{x'' (tdm-a 6:23). Iq-Sm-sX Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp ]- d-bp- p, ""\n-ß-fp-ss ]m-]-^-ew \n-ßƒ A-\p-`-hn- pw'' (kw-jym- ]p-kv-x-iw 32:23). Im-e-ßƒ- p ap -t]m, A-s - n C- -setbm \n-ßƒ sn-bv-x ]m-]w \nß-sf tx-sn h-cpw F- v D-d- nt m-fq. ssz-hw \-c-i-sø- - n \- ap- v ap- -dn-bn- v \ -Ip- p; A- h-s\ \n-tj-[n- p- -Xn-s\- p-dn- p A-h ap- -dn-bn- v \ -Ip- p; a-\-km- -c-s -Sm A-h \- tωm-sp ]-d-bp- p. ssz-hw C-sX- mw Im-Wp-I-bpw kw-`-hn- p- sx- mw A-dn-bp-I-bpw ""X-s ew- L-\-ß-sf a-d-bv- p- -h- p ip- `w h-cn-i-bn- '' (k-zr-i-. 28:13) F- v ]-d-bp-i-bpw sn-øp- p. ]n-sn- -s -Sm-sX t]m-imw F- v [-cn- p \n-ß-fn Nn-e C- t mƒ ]m-]w sim- v I-fn- p- p. \n-ßƒ ]m-]w sim- v I-fn- p- I-bm-sW- n A-Xm-Wv tem-i- Øn-se G- -hpw A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b Im-cyw. Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp ]-d-bp- p, ""\n-s Zp- -X X-t \n-\- p in- -bpw \n-s hn-izm-k-xym-kßƒ \n-\- p Z-fi-\-hp-am-Ipw; A-Xp-sIm- p \o \n-s ssz-ham-b b-tlm-h-sb D-t]- n- -Xpw F-s `-bw \n-\- p C- m-xn-cn- p- -Xpw F-{X tzm-j-hpw ssi- pw B-bp- -sx- p A-dn- p I- p-simƒ-i'' (bn-sc-aym-hv- - 2:19). Xn-cp-h-N-\w C-{]-Im-cw ]-d-bp- p, ""a-i-t\, I -Øm-hn-s in- \nc-kn- -cp-xv; A-h im-kn- ptºmƒ ap-jn-i-bp-a-cp-xp. I -Ømhp Xm kv-t\-ln- p- -h-s\ in- n- p- p.'' Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp ]-d-bp- p, ""G-Xp in- -bpw X - m-ew k-t m-j-i-c-a- Zpx-J-I-c-a-t{X F- p txm- pw; ]n- -tø-xn-tem A-Xn-\m A-`ym-kw h- -h - p \o-xn F- k-am-[m-\ ^-ew e-`n- pw'' (F-{_m-b 12 :11). \-ap- v _m-e-in- \ -Ip-sa- pw \-Ωp-sS lr-z-b-øn-te- v I- S- p h-cm A-h A-Xn-s\ X- I - p-sa- pw ssz-hw ]-d-bp- p. \-sω tb-ip-hn F-Øn- p- - Xn \n- pw ssz-h-sø X-S-bm H- n-\pw I-gn-bn-. A-h A-{Xam-{Xw \-sω kv-t\-ln- p- p. ssz-hw X-s kv-t\-lw \-Ωn snm-cn- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. F- v sn-bv-xpw {In-kv-Xp-hn-te- p \- sω F-Øn- -Ø- A-f-hn \- sω kv-t\-ln- p- ssz-h-øn-\p Rm \-μn-b - n- p- p. c- -bv- v a- p am -K-an-. c- n- -s -Sphm a- p am - -hp-an-. F- v sn-ø-ww F- v \nßƒ- v A-dn-bn-t? \n-ß-fp-ss ]m-]-ßƒ ssz-h- Øn- -te- p sim- p-h- v, ""sszh-ta, C-Xm F-s ]m-]-ßƒ'' F- v ]-d- p-sim- v \n-ßƒ- v ]m-]-ßƒ G- p ]-d-bmw. th-z-]pkv-x-iw ]-d-bp- p, ""\-Ωp-sS ]m- ]-ß-sf G- p-]-d-bp- p F- n A-h \-tωm-sp ]m-]-ß-sf - an- p k-i-e A-\o-Xn-bpw t]m- n \-sω ip- o-i-cn- m X- -h-æw hn-iz-kv-x-\pw \o-xn-am-\pw B-Ip- p'' (1 tbm-l- m 1:9). sszhw ]-d-bpw, ""X-s ew-l-\-ßsf G- p-]-d- p D-t]- n- p- h-t m I-cp-W e-`n- pw'' (k-zri-. 28:13). \n-ß-fp-ss ]m-]w F-{X hn-cq- ]-hpw A-ip- -hpw B-sW- n-epw \n-ßƒ- v A-Xv ssz-h-øn-\-sptø- p sim- p-h- v, t]-cv ]-d- p A-Xn-\p -a tnm-zn- mw. ssz-hw \n-s kv-t\-ln- p- p, A-Xp-sIm- v A-h \n-t m-sv -an- pw, A-h \n-s ip- o- I-cn- pw, \n-s ]m-]-ßƒ I-gp- In- -f-bpw. F- n- v, ssz-hw \n- \- v th- n sn-bv-x-xv F- msw- p \n-\- v a-e-ap-i-fn tlm-jn- m I-gn-bpw! hn-h -Ø-\w: am-xyp ]m-e-øn-

6 hm Øm]{XnI p- n- m-sb p hn n^v Bg-ambn hnizkn- p. F m Cu IqZm-i-bn A -ho- p-i-tfm-ssm w {InkvXp km n yw D v; AXv Hcp cmpmhv Xs km{am-py- Øns F m `mk-ß-fnepw ^e-øn (Virtually) Ds p ]d-bp hn-[-ønep km n yamsw- m-bn-cp p hn n- ^ns A`n-a-Xw. "tim k-_vãm jn-tbj ' (Consubstantiation) F v hnfn- -s - Sp-s - n-epw, hn n^v Cu ]Zw D]-tbm- Kn- n- n-. Cu ]Z-{]-tbmKw sx n- m-c-wm- P-\-I-am-Wv. Fs - m A -ho- p-ifpw, ico-c-c- -ßfpw k-am\ (Conequal) amsw p ]d-bpi km[y-a-. ImcWw A -ho- p-iƒ `uxo-i-]-zm -ß-ƒ (Material Substances) BWv. F m icoc-c- -ß-fpsS km- n yw {]Xo-Im-flI (Symoblic) hpw IuZm-in-I (Sacramental) hpw BIp- p. B-I-bm c p kam-\-]- Zm -ß-ƒ (Coequal Substances) IqZm-ibn kl-h Øn- p- p. (Co-exist) F p]-d-bpi icn-b-. 11 Xs D]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS {]Nm-c-I-cmbn ]mh-s ] - m A-Yhm {]kw-k-i F t]-cn Hcp kwl-øn\v hn n^v cq]w \evin. Ahy- -ambn kwkm-cn- p- -h, ]ndp-]n-dp- p- -h, simø ]d-bp- -h F o A - -ßƒ D "sem m Up-Iƒ' (Lollards) F ]cn-lmk-t -cn Ch Adn-b-s -Sp- p. thz-]pkvx-i-`m-k-ßƒ Bh Øn v Dcp-hn-Sp {]Ir-X- m F \ne-bnepw Cu t] Ch p simsp-øp. Ch-cn ]e pw th {X hnzym-`ymkw D m-bn-cp- n-. tihew km[m-c-w- m-cmb Ch-cpsS hkv{x-[m-c-whpw A\m-I j-i-am-bn-cp- p. Hmd- v, Nph- v, \oe F o \nd-ßƒ IqSn-I-e \nd-øn-ep Xp-Wn-bm (Russet) \n Ωn-X-amb {Kmao-W-h-kv{X-ambn-cp p Ch-cp-tS-Xv. Ch-cpsS hkv{x- Øns \ndsø ASn-ÿm-\-am n C-h- p "Nph Xe-bp- -h ' (Red heads) F t]cpw D m-bn. CØ-c-Øn-ep h- kv{xw [cn- v, ssibn hsnbpw ]nsn- v, a p kºm-zy-ßtfm km[-\-km-a-{k-ln- Itfm C m-sx, Hcn-SØpw ÿnc-ambn Xma-kn- m-sx c p-t] hoxw D kwl-ß-fmbn ]ncn v Cw - ns ap nepw aqe-bnepw sn- p kphn-ti-j- Øn-\pw, hn n-^ns D]-tZ-i-ßƒ pw {]N-cWw \evin. At\-I-I Ah {i- tbmss tiƒ p-i-bpw, ssi-s m-f-fp- Ibpw sn-bvx-xn-s ^e-ambn Cw - n B-flob ssnx-\y-øns Ae-b-Sn-Iƒ D m-bn. hn n-^ns A p kvt\ln-x eøo `mj-bn Fgp-Xnb hƒtk n (Vulgate) \n p Cw o-jn-tebv p thz- ]p-kvxiw `mjm- cw snbvxp. CXns D]-tbmKw ]e-cnepw Imcy-{]-k- -amb am -ßƒ hcp-øn. Ah X a snødh. tum. n.-]n. G{_lmw \ho-i-c-w-øns {]`mx \ {Xw: tpm hn n^v (D.-F.-Un. 1329-1384) tpm hn- n-^v D.-F.-Un. 1329- Cw- - n-se h-s-t tbm - v sj-b-dn hn- n-^v F- {K-ma-Øn `q-pm-x-\m-bn. A- -sø ]-Xn-hn {]-Im-cw X-s t]-cn-t\mssm- w X-s {Km-a-Øn-s t]-cm-b hn- n- ^v Iq-Sn tn -Øp. Hm-Iv-kv-t^m -Uv k - h-i-em-im-e-bn \n- p-ap- H-cp ]-fin- X-\pw, X-Øz-Nn- -I-\pw, th-z-]p-kv-x-i hym-jym-xm-hpw B-bn-cp- p C-t±-lw. tπt m, A-K-Ãn, txm-a-kv A-Izn-\m-kv, tdm- _ - v t{km-sk-ss -sã F- n-h-cp-ss kzm- [o-\w C-t±-l-Øn {]-I-S-am-Wv. Ip-sd- mew _m-en-b tim-f-pv sd-iv-s-dm-bn {]-h - Øn- -Xp Iq-Sm-sX e- -h -Øv Xp-S-ßn-b ÿ-e-ß-fn C-S-h-I- - - m-c-\m-bpw {]- h -Øn- p. {]-kw-k-øn-\v h-en-b ÿm-\w C-t±-lw I-ev-]n- n-cp- p. hn- n-^v C-{]-Imcw ]-d- p.... `qan-bn a\p-jy p snøm-hp G hpw DZm-Ø-amb ip{iq-j-bmwv sszhh-n\w {]kw-kn- p-i-sb- p- -Xv. ] - m s{x Cu \ntbmkw {]-txyiw \- evi-s - n- p- -Xv. BI-bm sszhw Ahcn \n p Cu ip{iqj {]txyiw Bhiy-s -Sp- p. CtXmSp IqSn Ah sszh- Øn- mbn a sf Dcp-hm-t - -Xm-Wv. Cu Ae y-øn-\m-bn- m-ip- p. sszhw k`sb hnhmlw snbvxn-cn- p- -Xv... hn n^v k`-sbbpw cmjv{s-søbpw Kuc-h-_p ym t\m n ImWp-I-bpw, AhbpsS Xn -I-sf cq -ambn hna in- p-ibpw snbvxp. Ir]-bm-ep I -Ør-Xzw (Dominion by Grace) F X-s kn m- -amwv hn n-^n-s ]Tn- n- -fn apjyam-b-xv. hn-izm-k-øns ASn-Ø-d-bmbn thz-{k-ÿsø Ct±lw I n-cp- p. `cn- p-hm-\p A-h-Im-iw \ne-\n-ev p- Xp icn-bmb Kh sa n-em-wv. k`-bnepw cmjv{s-ønepw sx mb `c-wm-[n-im-cn-iƒ v \nipxn simsp-t - -Xn-, k` k`m kzøp- ƒ sx mbn D]-tbm-Kn- p ] w Ahsb ssih-i-am- p-hm cm-pmhn\v A[n-Im-c-ap- v. ]m m-b-pss sx p- Iƒ Xncp-Øp- -Xn-\pw th n-h- m Ip - m-c-\mbn {]Jym-]n- p- -Xn\pw P\- ßƒ v Ah-Im-i-ap v F n-{]-im-c-ap \n t±-i-ßfpw {]-kvxp-x kn m- - Øns `mk-am-bn-cp- p. F.-Un. 1377- {KnKdn ]Xn-s\m- m-a ]m m hn n-^n\v FXn-cmbn aq v I-ev]-\- Iƒ ]p-d-s -Sp-hn- p. Ah-bn H m-atøxv HmIvkvt^m Uv k h-i-em-im-ebv pw, c m-a-tøxp Im- -_-dn-bn-sebpw e -\n-se-bpw sa{xm- m pw, aq- ma-tø-xv Cw nse cmpm-hmb F- tuz Uv aq m-a\pw Fgp-Xn-bn- p- -Xm-Wv. hn n-^ns ]-søm ]Xp ]Tn- n- -Iƒ sxc-s -SpØv Ahsb ]m m ]gn- -Xn- \v ]pdta hn n-^ns\ XS-hn-em-t - -XmsW- pw, \ym-b-hn-kvxmcw \SØn hn- n-^ns adp-]sn Fs p a\- n-em- n. Ahsb Xs Adn-bn-t - -Xm-sW pw {]kvxpx Iev]-\-I-fn ]m m Bh-iys - n-cp- p. F m Iev]-\-Iƒ Cw - n- henb {]Xn-I-cWw Df-hm- n-bn-. F.-Un. 1378 hn n^v Fgp-Xnb De Veritatae Sacrae Scripturae (On the Truth of the Holy Scriptures) F {KŸ-Øn taev]-d {]am-wsø Ct±lw hni-z-am- n. Bfln-Ihpw euin-i-hp-amb Xe-ßfn-t -ep A-[n-Imcw sszh-øn \n p ]m- mbpw CXc k`m-[n-im-cn-i-fm-ip a y-h Øn-I-fnepw IqSn Ic-K-X-am-Ip p F ]Tn- n- -sb hnivfn^v \nc-kn- p. tpm hn n-^v tpm l v kmh-\-tdmf \ho-i-c-w-øns Zo]w sxfn-bn- -h `qkz-øp- ƒ `qhp-s-a-bn \n p a yh Øn-bn IqSn IpSn-bm\p \n ±njvs hyh-ÿ-i-fn {]Imcw Irjn- mbn \evip- Ah-ÿm-hn-ti-jsØ [z\n- n- p Xc-Øn-ep {]kvxp-x D]-tZiw Bt -]m lhpw X -s -ts- Xpw BsW- m-bn-cp p hn n-^ns \n t±-iw. sszhni Ir] sszh-i-c-ß-fn \n p B pw e`y-am-ip- p. A-Xn\p a yh Øn-I-tfmSv bm-sxmcp hn[ hnt[-b- Xzhpw C. CXp hni-z-am- p-hm De Dominio Divino (Concerning Divine Lordship, 1375), De Civili Dominio (Concerning Civil Lordship 1376) F o c p {K-Ÿßƒ hn n^v cnn- p. F. Un. 1381- s]m n- p-d-s I j-i-hn-π-hsø km[q- I-cn- m hn- n-^ns ta kqnn- n X- Øzw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn ]d-b-s - Sp- p. GXm-bmepw C-tXm-Sp IqSn hn n- ^n\v D -X-Ip-e PmX-cpsS kw{]oxn \jvs-s - p. De Ecclesia (The Church) F- \m-a-t[- b-øn a-s m-cp {K-Ÿ-hpw F.Un. 1378 hn- n-^v N-a- p. k-`-sb- m F- v? sa- {Xm- m, atm-[n-]- m, k-\ym-k-]- - m Xp-S-ßn-b-h A-[m -Ωn-I-Po-hn-Xw \-bn- m t]m-epw A-h-scm-s Iq-Sn-t - - Xm-tWm k-`? F- n-xym-zn tnm-zy-ßƒ {]- kv-xp-x {K-Ÿ-Øn- C-t±-lw D- -bn- ncp- p. A-{]-Im-c-ap- kw-l-s-\ k-` A- m-sb- p hn- n-^v D-ss -kv-x-cw tlm-jn- p. ssz-h-øm c- n- -s - -h-cpw, sxc-s -Sp- -s - -h-cpw B-b-h-cp-sS K-W-am- Wp k-`-sb- v C-t±-lw hy- -am- n. C- {]-Im-c-ap- k-` A-Zr-iy-am-Wv. k-`mw-k- Xzw ssz-hn-i sx-c-s -Sp- n A-Sn-ÿm- \-s - -Xm-I-bm, G-sX- n-epw Zr-iy-k-`bv-t m A-Xn-s A-[n-Im-cn-I-ƒ-t m k- `mw-k-xz-øn-te-bv- p- {]-th-i-\w \n-b- { n- p- -Xn-t\m, X-S- -s -Sp-Øp- -Xnt\m I-gn-bp-I-bn-. am-{x-a-, ]m- m-bv-t m sa-{xm-t\m B-cm-Wv b-ym - Aw-K-ßƒ F- p A-dn-bp-hm-\pw km-[y-a-. c- -bv- v \n-zm-\-am-bn- p- -Xp k-`-bn-se Aw-K- Xz-tam, ]u-tcm-ln-xy am- y-ÿ-tam A-, a-dn- v, c- -bv- v B-[m-cw ssz-hn-i sx-cs -Sp- m-wv. C-Δn-[ Nn- -Iƒ D-Zv-tLmjn- p- -Xn hn- n-^v B-sc-bpw `-b-s - n-. A-\p-Nn-X-sa- p Xm hn-iz-kn- k- `m Im-cy-ß-sf k-t m-n-sa-t\y hn-a -in- p- -Xn C-t±-lw ap -]- n-bn X-s B-bn-cp- p. {]m-b- n-øw, hn. Ip - m- \, C-h kw-_- n- k-`m ]Tn- n- -I-sf hn- n-^v tnm-zyw sn-bv-xp. ]-Z-hn-bn-epw, I - Ø-hy-\n -h-l-w-øn-epw ta-ev-]- - m-c- \pw, ]- - m-c-\pw X-Ωn hy-xym-kw ]m- Sn- m-sb- v C-t±-lw ]Tn- n- p. h-n-\-tlmj-ww A-h-cp-sS {]-[m-\ Np-a-X-e-bm-Wv. A-flm-b-cpw h-n-\w tlm-jn- m I-S-s - -h-cm-ip- p. ]- - m-c-t\m-sp- c-l-ky-amb Iu-Zm-in-I Ip-º-km-cw A-\m-h-iy-am- Wv. hn- n-^v c-l-ky-ip-º-km-c-sø "snhn-bn-ep- Ip-ip-Ip-ip- v' F- v A-]-lkn- p. ]m-]hn-tam-n-\-øn-\v tdm-a I- tøm-en- m k-` \n -t±-in- ]m-]-hn-tam- N-\- o- n-s {]-k- n-tb-bpw C-t±-lw A- ]-e-]n- p. C-t±-l-Øn-s A-`n-{]m-b-Øn ]m-]-hn-tam-n-\- o- v "km-øm-s si-wn' am-{x-am-wv. ]m- m-bp-ss A-\ym-Zr-iy-am-b ta-e-[n-im-c-øn-\v th-z-]p-kv-x-im-sn-ÿm-\w C-s - v C-t±-lw hm-zn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. D.-F.-Un. 1379 Xm F-gp-Xn-b De Potestate Papae (On the Power of the Pope) F {KŸ-Øn C mcyw hn n^v hni- Zo-I-cn- p. ]m m-bpss c at -sxm-cmfpss c -tb- mƒ kp-\n- n-x-am-sw p ]d-bpi A-km- y-am-sw v Ct±lw Dd- n- p ]d- p. c n- -s - p-sh Dd v B pw C m-xn-cns, ]m m apx CSh-I- - - m-c hsc B pw Xß-fpsS A[n-Im-c-sØ- p-dn pw Xo ]d-bp-i km[y-a-. 6 ]m m-sbbpw ]p-tcm-ln-xm-[n- ]Xy (hierarchy) søbpw A n-{in-kvxphmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn- -Xn\p ]pd-ta, ]m mbpss A\p-bm-bn-Isf "c w IpSn- p \oc- -bpss ]{ p ]p{xn-am-cmbn' hnfn v Bt -]n- p-i-bp- m-bn. Nph p XpSp- Ø Ihn-fpw, IpS-h-b-dp-ap k-\ym-k-]- - m-scbpw hn n^v Xs hna i-\-øn \n p Hgn-hm- n-bn-. H n IqSp-X `{Zm-k-\-ßƒ A[n-Im-c-Øns Iogn-em- p ]Xn-hv, hnip- AYhm, hnip- -a-xn-bmbn Hcm-sf HutZym-Kn-I-ambn {]Jym-]n- p Imt\m-\o-I-c-Ww, ]pwyhm-f- m-sc-bpw, ]pwy-h-xn-i-sf-bpw Bcm- [n- p ]Xn-hv, Xo - m-s-\-øn\p t]mip coxn F- n-ß-s\-bp Imcyß-sfbpw hn n^v FXn Øp. D.-F.-Un. 1380- {]kn- o-i-cn De Eucharistia (The Euchuarist) F IrXnbn h-kvxp-am-t m-]-tz-isø AYhm hkvxp-t`-zsø (Transubstantiation) hn n^v Jfin v Fgp-Xn. ] - m-c hmgvønb A -ho- p-iƒ I Øm-hn-s Xncp-i-co-c-Øn-s -bpw,- Xn-cp-c- -Øn-s - bpw kmcmw-i-ambn cq]m- -c-s -Sp- p-sh- pw, F m A- -ho- p-i-fpss `mh- Øn\v (Accidents/Appearance) hyxn-bm-\w `hn- p- n- m-sb pw BWv tdma ItØm-en m k` Cu D]-tZ-i-Øn\v simsp-øn-cn- p- hymjym-\w. F.-Un. 1215- IqSnb em d \memw ktω-f-\-amwv tdma ItØm-en m k`-bpss AwKo- IrX D]-tZ-i-ambn hkvxp-am- sø kzoicn- -Xv. F.-Un. 1545 1563 se s{s v ktωf-\hpw Cu kn m- -Øn\v A\p-Iq-eamb {]Jym-]\w \S-Øn. hn. Ip _m-\- bn A -Øn-s bpw ho n-s bpw kmcmw-i-øn\p (Substance) am w kw`-hn-

v 7 hm Øm]{XnI s thz-]p-kvx-i-øns {]tbm-p\w a\- n-em- n. F m F. Un.1408- Cu `mjm- cw D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xn \n p P\sØ k` XS- p. tdma ItØmen m k`-bpss A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ p hn n- ^ns D]-tZ-i-ß-fn A\n-b-{ n-x-amb Aa jw txm n-b-xns ^e-am-bn-cp p CsXm-s -bpw. sabv 21, 1382- B v _nj v tim s -s\-bpss A y- -Xbn e -\nse ªmbv v {^tb-gvkn IqSnb ktω-f\w AYhm `qn-e-\-k-tωf-\w12 hn n-^ns D]-tZ-i-ßƒ v \ntcm- [\w G s -Sp-Øn. IqSm-sX Bcm Fgp- X-s - p-sh p ImWn- msx Ccp-]-Øn- mep D]-tZ-i-ßƒ (Propositions) IqSn Xnc-kvI-cn- p. Ah Xmsg simsp-øn-cn- p- p. Xnc-kv -cn D]-tZ-i-ßƒ: 1.AƒØm-c-bnse IqZm-i-bn A - Øn-s bpw ho n-s -bpw `uxn-i-kmcmwiw (Material Substance) ip o-i-c-w- Øn\p tijhpw \ne-\n-ev p- p. 2). AtX IqZm-i-bn h-kvxp (Subject) IqSmsX KpW-ß-ƒ (Accidents) Ah-tijn- p- p. 3) AƒØm-c-bnse IqZm-ibn Ahs Xs imco-cni-amb km n- y-øn (Corporal Presence) Bh-iy-ambpw, b-ym- -am-bpw, kwi-b-ln-x-ambpw {InkvXp C. 4) sa{xm AY-hm ] - m-c amc-i-amb ]m]-øn-em-sw- n Ah\p ] w si p- -Xn-t\m, A`n-tjIw snøp- -Xn-t\m, kv\m\-s -Sp-Øp- - Xnt\m H p-i-bn-. 5). Hcp hy n tbmkyamw hn[w ] m-øm-]-ap- -h-\msw- n _mly-amb F m Ipº-kmchpw A\m-h-iy-am-Wv., As - n Ah\v AXv {]tbm-p-\-c-ln-x-am-wv. 6) {InkvXp Xncp-h-Ømgw (Mass) ÿm]n- p-sh p kphn-ti-j-øn ]d- n- n-. 7)- sszhw kmøms\ A\p-k-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. 8)- ]m m X -s - -ht\m AYhm ZpjvS-a-\pjy-t\m, Aßs\ kmøms Ah-bhtam Bbn-cp- m {In-kvXp-hns hnizmkn-isf X\n- v ssik Xs \evinb-xm-sw- nepw Ah-cpsS ta X\n- v Hc-[n-Im-chpw C.9)-A -_- Bdm-a\p tijw B-scbpw Xs ]m m-bmbn Icp- Xp-hm ]msn ; F m {Ko p-im-sct mse \mw \ΩpsS X-s \nb-a-ßƒ v hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-t - -Xm-Wv. 10) k`m- [n-im-cn-iƒ- p `uxni kzøv D m-bncn- -W-sa- Xp hnip {KŸ-Øn-\p hncp- -am-wv. 11) Xm ssz-høm {`jvs-\m- -s - -Xm-sW p BZyta Xs {Kln- m-sx Hcp sa{xm\pw Bsc-bpw {`jvs- \m- p-hm ]msn-. 12) F m Ah {`jvsv Iev]n- m, AXp kw_- -ambn Zpcp-]-tZ-i-Itcm {`jvsv Iev]n- -s - ht\m BIp- p. 13) cmpm-hn-t\msv ta hn- Nm-c-W-bv mbn At]- n- n- p Hcp ]ptcm-ln-xs\ (Clerk) {`jvs-\m- nb sa{xm-\pw, B `mksø kan-xnbpw sszh- Øn\pw cmpm-hn\pw B `mk-øn\pw h - I-\m-Wv. 14) {]kwkw \n Øn-b-h, sszhh-n\w AYhm a\p-jy-cpss ÿm\-{`jvsns Imc-W-Øm {]kw-kn kphntijw tiƒ m-ø-h F n-h ÿm\- {`-jvs-cpw, \ymb-hn[n Znh-k-Øn sszh- Øn\v H p-im-cp-ambn KWn- -s -Spw. 15)- A-s m-kvx-eni knwlm-k-\-øn-s -tbm, ImtYm-enI sa{xm-s tbm at -sx- nepw A[n-Im-cn-bp-tStbm A\p-hmZw IqSmsX GsXmcp siωm-i\pw ] - m-c\pw sszhh-n\w tlmjn- p-i \nb-am-\p-kr-x-amsw p ]d-bp-i. 16) amc-i-amb ]m]-ønem-bn-cns Hcm-fpw, {]`pthm sa-{xm-t\m A F p {]-Jym-]n- pi 17) ]Xn-hmb ]m]-kz-`m-h-ap k`m-[n-im-cn-i-fn \n v `uxni kzøp- ƒ `uxni {]`p- ƒ v Xß-fpsS C m-\p-k-cww ]nsns -Sp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. 18) Zimwiw ip amb `n -bm-wv. CS-h-I-P-\-ßƒ v AhcpsS ]ptcm-lnx m-cpss (Curate) ]m]w \nanøw Ah-sb XS- p-sh- m-hp- - Xpw, Xß-fpsS Xmev]cy {]Imcw a p- h - v sim-sp- m-hp- -Xpw B-Wv. 19) sa- {Xm- m-tcm, C-X-c ÿm-\n-i-tfm {]-txy-i- {]m - -\-Iƒ H-cp hy- n- m-bn \n-tcm- [n- n- p-s - n B hy- n- v A-h e-`n- p- -X-. 20) H-cmƒ G-sX- n-epw kz-imcy a-x-øn-s `m-k-am-bm A-Xv A-h-s\ Iq-Sp-X at-b-\m- p-i-bpw ssz-h-i-ev-]-\- Iƒ B-N-cn- p- -Xn A-tbm-Ky-\m- p- I-bpw sn-øp- p. 21) hn-ip- a-\p-jy kz- Im-cy-a-Xw ÿm-]n- -Xn ]m-]w sn-bv-xncn- p- p.22) kz-io-b a-x-ß-fn hn-izmkn-i-fm-bn- p- -h {In-kv-Xp-am -K-Øn-s `m-k-a-. 23) `n- p k-\ym-kn-iƒ sxm-gnen Iq-Sn X-ß-fp-sS D-]-Po-h-\w I-s - Ø-Ww. A- m-sx `n- m-s-\-øn Iq-Snbm-h-cp-Xv. 24) `n- p-k-\ym-kn-iƒ- v A- Y-hm {]-kw-k-i-\m-b `n- p k-\ym-kn- p `n- sim-sp- p- -h-\pw, A-h-sc ssis m- p- -h-\pw {`-jv-s-\m-wv.13 "sem- m -Up- -Iƒ' pw C- m-e-øp ITn- \-am-b D-]-{Z-h-ßƒ D- m-bn. F. Un. 1401 {_n- o-jv ]m -e-sa v C-h -s -Xn-cmbn Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ ssi-s m- p.14 F. Un. 1384 Un-kw-_ 31 \v hn- n-^v \n-cym-x-\mbn. F- n-epw tdm-a I-tØm-en- m k-` hn- n-^n-s D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ- v H-cp Im-e- Øpw Aw-Ko-Im-cw e-`n- -cp-sx- Nn- tbm-sp Iq-Sn F.-Un.1415 tim -Ã kn Iq-Sn-b k-tω-f-\-øn h- p hn- n- ^n-s D-]-tZ-i-ß-fp-sS Iq- -Øn C-cp- q- n A-dp-]-Øn-tb-gp F-Æw Iq-Sn sx- m-bn {]-Jym-]n- p-sim- v A-h-sb- mw \n-tcm-[n- p. Iq-Sm-sX hn- n-^n-s c-n-\-iƒ A- n- n-c-bm- p-hm-\pw X-s A-ÿn-Iƒ I- s -Sp-Øp Z-ln- n- p Nm-c-am- n kzn-^v- p \-Zn-bn H-gp- n- -f-bp-hm-\pw Xo-cp-am-\w F-Sp-Øp. ]-t F.-Un. 1428- am-{x-am- Wv am - n A- m-a ]m- m-bp-ss \n - t±-i-{]-im-cw {]-kv-xp-x Xo-cp-am-\w \-S- nem- n-b-xv. F- m th-z-]p-kv-x-i-øn-s {]m-[m-\yw, {]-kw-k-øn-s A-\n-hm-cy-X, A-flm-b-cp-sS B-flo-b-X F- n-h A-Snÿm-\-am- n hn- n-^v t{im-uo-i-cn- D-]- tz-i-ß-fp-ss kzm-[o-\-i- n- p I-Sn- m C-Sp- -Xn-t\m, \n-b-{ n- p- -Xnt\m Cu {]-hr-øn aq-ew km-[n- n-. H- c - -Øn Cw- - n-t\- mƒ D-]-cn- s_mlo-ao-b (C-t mƒ sn-t m-t m-hm-iy)- bn hn- n-^n-s kn- m- -ßƒ- v {]-Nmcw e-`y-am-bn.15 C-cp cm-py-ßƒ X-Ωn-epw, Hm-Iv-kv-t^m -Un-se-bpw t{]-kn-se-bpw k - h-i-em-im-e-i-ƒ X-Ωn-epw D- m-bn-cp- kp-lr-zv-_- w hn- n-^n-s B-i-b-ßƒ s_m-lo-an-b-bn F-Øp- -Xn-\pw A-h hym-]-i-am- p- -Xn-\pw k-lm-b-i-am-bn-cp- p. \ho-i-cwøns c -km n: tpm l v (D.-F.-Un. 1371-1415)- k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn \ho-i-cw I Øm-hv, thz-im-kv{x-, ]fin-xt{i-jvt, {]kw-k-i F o \ne-i-fn ]pi-gvs] tpm l v s_mlo-ao-bbnse l n-s\svkv F {Kma-Øn Hcp ]mh-s IpSpw-_-Øn D.-F.-Un. 1371- PmX-\m-bn. thz-im-kv{xw, XØz-imkv{Xw, F nh t{]kv k h-i-em-im-ebn A`y-kn- p. F.-Un. 1398 t{]kn s{]m^-k-dmbn \nb-an-x-\m-bn. F. Un.1 401 tpm l v ] - m-c-\m-bn-øo- p. XpS v F.-Un. 1402- t{]kv k h- I-em-im-e-bpsS A y- -\m-bn. hn. AK- Ãn-s\-bpw, CXc k`m-]n-xm- - m-scbpw Ct±lw BZ-cn- p. Ah-cpsS cn-\-i-fn \n p e`n Nn -Iƒ X n \ho-i-c- Wm-i-b-ßƒ DW Øn hn p. IqSmsX tpm hn n-^ns D]-tZ-i-ß-fn-epw, Ir- Xn-I-fnepw BIr-jvS-\mb Ct±lw hn n- ^ns A\p-bm-bn-I-fn Hcm-fmbn ]cn- W-an- p. F m F m Im-cy-ß-fnepw hn n-^ns\ Ct±lw A\p-Iq-en- n-. hn. Ip _m\ ti{μo-i-cn- p h-kvxp-am-t m- ]-tz-iw, ]pwy-hm- m-tcmspw ]pwy-h-xn- I-tfmSpw D At]-, acn- -h mbn A n- p Ip m-\, F- o hnj-b-ßfn l n\v hn n-^ns\ ]n p-w-bv phm Ign n. F m hn n-^ns kzm[o\w l n F{X-tØm-fw D mbn-cp- p-sh- Xp NphsS tn Øn-cn- p {]kvxmhw hy -am- p- p. ""... kie a\p-jy-scbpw {InkvXphns {]am-w-ß-fn-te p Xncn p hnsp- -Xn\p Xs Fgp-Øp-Iƒ hgn-bmbn hn n^v snbvx A\-h-c-X-amb bxv\- Øm Rm BI jn- -s - p. hntijn pw ] - m temi-øns BVw-_- chpw {]Xm-]hpw Dt]- n pw {InkvXphns PohnX amxri {]Imcw As mkvx-e- m-sc-t mse Pohn- -W-sa- p At±-l-Øns {]kvxm-h-\-ifpw Fs BI jn- p.'' 16 t{]kv k h-i-em-im-e-bn P Ω- -Imcpw, mhp P\-Xbpw XΩn ISpØ a - c-øn-em-bn-cp- p. mhp-im-cpss tz-iob t_m[w s_mlo-an-b-bnse k`-bpss \ho- I-cW Xev]-c-Xbv v klm-b-i-ambn `hn- p. l v mhv P\-Xsb A\p-Iq-en- - Xn-\m P Ω Im Ct±-l-Øn\v FXncm-bn-cp- p. thz-]p-kvx-i-øns t{ijvt- X, k`-bpss ]mc-º-cyw, hn-\-tlm-j-w- Øn\p kzmx-{ yw, k`-bn Aflmb v D Ah-Imiw (DZm: A -ho- p- Iƒ ] - m-sc-t mse Xs ssis m- p- -Xn-\p Ah-Im-iw) -F o Imcyß-fn {it -b-amb A`n-{]mbw l n\v D m-bn-cp- p. hn n-^ns D]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS hym]-\- Øn- m-bp Xs {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS at y hn n-^ns Trialogus F {KŸ- Øn\v l v \evinb ]cn-`mj Gsd k- lm-b-i-ambn `hn- p. k`m-[n-im-cn-i-fpss Zp hr-ø-x-sb-bpw, kna-wn17 XpS-ßnb Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-tfmSp Ah-cpsS A\p-Iqe Nn m-k-xn-sbbpw l v i -ambn Ip - s -Sp-Øn. ]m m-bpss \nipxn Npa-Ø k{º-zm-bsø Ah-K-Wn- m Ct±lw {]t_m-[n- n- p. ]m]-hn-tam-n\w ]Ww simsøp kºm-zn- m-sa D]-tZiw ]q- -Æ-ambpw l v Xnc-kvI-cn- p-i-bp- mbn. BI-bm ]m]-hn-tam-n-\- o- ns hym]m-csø Ct±lw FXn Øp. ]m- mbv p ]m]w kzb-tah hntam-nn- p-hm- Ign-bp- n-s - pw, F m sszhw \- evip ]m]-hn-tam-n\w Adn-bn- p-hm am{xta Ign-bp-I-bp- q-sh pw {]kvxmhn- p. Xs {]kw-k-ß-fn l v C mcy-ß-sf mw Bh Øn p ]d- n-cp- p. F.Un. 1410 Xs tpm Ccp-]- Øn aq m-a ]m m l ns\ k`-bv n- X-c-\mbn {]Jym-]\w snbvxp. Iq-SmsX t{]kns\ k`m-in- W \S-]-Sn-I-ƒ p (Interdict) hnt[-b-am- n. ]m m-sb A\o- Xn-]-c-ambn A\p-Iq-en- m l v Hcpsº n-. \oxn-bp- -amb Imcy-ß-fn am{xw tae-[n-im-cn-isf A\p-k-cn- m axn-sb- -XmWv sszh-ln-x-hpw, thz- {KŸhpw ]Tn- n- p- -sx p l v itn- p. BI-bm Xms\m-cp-hn-[-Ønepw sx p- Ip- -ßƒ v hnt[-b-\- m-sb v l hmzn p t]m p. F.-Un. 1412-1414 hsc-bp ImeØp ]m m-sbbpw l n-s\bpw crvpn- n- phm ]e-hn[ {ia-ß-fp- m-bn. F m l pw Iq cpw ]m mbv pw CXc k`m- [n-im-cn-iƒ pw Iogvhg-tß- -Xm-sW- m-bn-cp p ]m m-bp-ssbpw \n_- -\. ]t l n\pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ pw CXv kzoim-cy-am-bn-cp- n-. GI-{In-kvXp-hns\ Bcm-[n- p- -h-cpw, kxy-øns GI-{]- am-wsø ]men- p- -h-cp-amb Ghcpw Dƒs m- p- -XmWv k`-sb- pw, ]m mb {InkvXp-hmWv k`-bpss inc-s - pw l pw A\p-Km-an-Ifpw Xd- n p {]-kvxmhn- p. F.-Un. 1413 l v Fgp-Xn-b De Ecclesia (The Church) F {KŸ-Øn C mcyw l v hy -am- n. F- nepw l ns A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-ßƒ k`m-[n- Im-cn-Iƒ ]p n p X n- -f- p. C en ]s -SpØ Hcp bp -Øn\v ]Ww tijcn- m ]m]-hn-tam-n-\- o- ns hym]mcw am -ambn kzoi-cn- Xv l v ]c-ky-ambn Bt -]n- Xpw Fcn-bp Xobn FÆ ]I Xp t]mse Bbn. XpS p- mb kw`-h-hn-im-k-ß-fpss at y Zpcp-]-tZ-i- I-s\-t mse l n-s\ Ah X{ -]q Δw tim Ã- kp XSm-I-Øn\p kao-s]- bp Hcp tuman-\n- k\ym-km-{i-a- Øn XS-hp-Im-c-\m- n-bxp IqSmsX AXy-[n-I-amb ]ov-\-ßƒ p hnt[-b- \m n. F. Un. 1414 \hw-_ 5 \p tpm Ccp-]-Øn-aq- m-a tim Ã kn hnfn p Iq nb ktω-f\w l ns\ Xnckv -cn- p-i-bpw, sx p-im-c-\mbn hn[n- p- Ibpw snbvxp. l ns D]-tZ-i-ßsf "l ns Zpcp-]-tZiw' (Husite Heresy) F p ]gn-nmcn ]n - n. l ns De Ecclesia F {KŸ-Øn \n v FSpØ Ccp-]-Øn-bmdv D]-tZ-i-ßƒ Cu ktωf\w \ncm-i-cn- p. Ah-bn NneXv Xmsg tn p- p. 1). ap hn-[n- -s (Predestinate) F mhcpw Dƒs m- p Iq -amwv k`. 9) ]t{xmkv k`-bpss Xe-bm-bn-cp- n ; Ct mgpw A. 10) {InkvXp-hns {]Xn- \n[n (Vicar of Christ) {InkvXp-hns PohnXw A\p-I-cn- m Ah {InkvXphns {]Xn-\n[n Bbn-cn- pw. 12) ]m mÿm\w cmp-io-bm-[n-im-c-øn \n p DSse-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv. 17) As m-kvx-e- m-sct mse Pohn- m-ø-] w I ±n-\m-f- m As m-kvx-e- m-cpss bym ]n Kman-I-f-. 18) k` Zpcp-]-tZ-i-Isc Ip -s - Sp-ØWw; F m Ahsc A n- n-c-bm- p-hm euin-im-[n-im-c-øn\p hn p-sim- Sp- p-hm ]msn-. 20 [nj-w-im-en-bmb l v X\n v FXncmbn Db F m Btcm-]-W-ß-sfbpw \ntj-[n- p. Xs a\-km- nsb h n- v, kxy-sa v hniz-kn p G p-]-d Imcy-ßƒ k`m-[n-im-cn-i-fpss `oj- Wn p hgßn X n- -d-bp-hm l v Hcpßn-bn-. ^etam l ns\ h[n- p-hm F.-Un. 1415 Pqsse 6\v tim -Ã knse IØo-{U-en tn ktω-f\w A na-xo-cp-am\w FSp-Øp. XpS v IØo-{Uen l v \nμy-ambn A]-l-kn- -s - p. hn. Ip _m\ at y IØo-{U-en\p shfnbn \nev p-hm l n-t\msv Bh-iys - p. ]n osv IØo-{U-en\v D n AƒØm-c-bn-te v ]ptcm-lnx hkv{xw [cn- n p l ns\ sim- p h p. Hcp B p _nj pw CX-c-sa-{Xm- mcpw Dƒs -Sp kwlw Xs ssii-fn ho p \nd Imkm \evin."-i-]n- s h\mb bqz-tb, c -bpss ]m\- ]m{xw \n n \n p Rßƒ FSp- p p' F p ]d- p-sim v l ns Ic-ß-fn \n v Imkm ]nsn p hmßn. Cu ZpjvIr-Xy-Øn\p apºn l ns {]Xn-I-cWw C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp- p. ""F m Fs ]nxm-hpw, k h-i- -\p-amb sszh-øn, Fs I Ømhmb tbip-{in-kvxp-hn Rm B{i-bn- p- p. Ahs \ma-øn As{X Rm CXv hln- p- -Xv. Ah F n \n p Ahs c -bpss ]m\-]m{xw FSp- p- I-bn-. Ahs cmpy-øn C v AXn \n p Rm IpSn- p-sa AN- -e-amb {]Xymi F\n- p- v.'' 21 XpS v X n \n p ]utcm-lnxy hkv{x-ßƒ Ah FSpØp am n. Xs inc- nse sshzni] w (Tonsure) \o w snbvxp. "\c-i-ønse ]nim-np- ƒ p \ns Bflm-hns\ Gev]n p simsp- p p' sh p {]Jym-]n p sim v ]nim- Np- -fpss Nn{X-ß-tfmSp IqSn-bXpw, Zpcp- ]-tz-i-i-cn apjy (\m-kvxn-im-{kwn, (Arch-hertic) F v Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-amb Hcp IS-emkv IncoSw Xs Xe-bn Ah h p. l m-is At m-`y-\mbn C{]- Imcw {]Xn-h-Nn- p. ""Rm Aß-bm hos -Sp- -s Fs Bflm-hns\ Aß-bpsS Ic-ßfn, tbip-{in-kvxp-hn `c-ta-ev]n- p- p.'' 22 sime- -f-øn 31, 51 XpS-ßnb k o Ø-\-ß-fn \n pap-ff `mk-ßƒ D -cn- p-sim v l v ap n- mbn {]m n- p. ASpØp \n -hsc ss[cy-s -Sp-Øp- I-bpw, sx mb ]Tn- n- -Iƒ aqe-a-, adn p i{xp- -fpss KqVm-tem-N-\-bm C{]-Imcw h[n- -s -Sp psh p ]d-bp- Ibpw snbvxp. Xs ]Tn- n- -Isf \ntj-[n- p-hm Ah-km\ \nan-j- Ønepw l ns\ t{]cn- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. AXn\v l v C{]-Imcw ]d- p. ""bmsxmcp sx n-s\- p-dn pw F\n v t_m yw C m-xn-cn-s, GXp sx mwv Rm X n- -d-tb- -Xv... F m tbip- {In-kvXp-hns kphn-ti-j-øns kxy- Øn-\pw, hnip ]nxm- - m-cpss hymjym- \-ßƒ pw A\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jys\ A\p-Xm-]-sØ- p-dn pw ]m]-hn-tam-n-\- sø- p-dn pw ]Tn- n- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p Fs {]kw-k-øns e yw. AXpsIm v kt m-jn- p Bflm-thmsS Rm Xøm-dm-Wv.'' 23 F.-Un. 1415 Pqsse 6 \p l ns\ A n- n-c-bm- n. F n pw tim]w ASßmØ hntcm-[n-iƒ l ns `kvaw tij-cn v ss\ \Zn-bn Hgp- n. ImcWw `qansb Aip- -am- p-hm l ns `uxn-im-h-injvsw t]mepw Ahti-jn- -cp-sx v Ah v \n _ w D m-bn-cp- p. GXm v Hcp h j-øn\p

8 hm Øm]{XnI tijw l ns injy-\mb Ptdm-ans\bpw Ah Nps -cn- p. l ns h[w s_ml-ao-b-bn henb ]cn-h Ø-\-ßƒ v \mμn Ipdn- p. Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb F v. kn. se^o-h Cßs\ tcj-s -Sp-Øp- p. ""... kmaqly hnπhøn mbn s_mlo-an-b-bnse A -co w NqSp ]nsn- n-cn- p- p. AXm-cw-`n- p- -Xn\p AS-bmfw Im n Adn-bn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p l ns ac-ww...'' l ns\ \njv -cpww h[n tim Ã kv ktω-f-\hpw Ct±-l- Øns D]-tZ-i-ßƒ sim pw, {]h Ø- \-ßƒ sim pw kzm[o-\n- -s - p-sh- Xp X -a kwk-xn-bm-wv. tdmam k`bnse "]m m-ÿm-]\-øp- mb ]nf v' Ah-km-\n- n- p-hm ktω-f\w \S-]Sn FSp-Øp-sh- Xv ChnsS Hm Ωn-t - p hkvxp-x-bm-ip- p. 25 l ns Zmcp- W-h-[-Øn\p tijw s_mlo-an-b-bn kvfmhp h K- m-cpss Hcp tziob kanxn cq]-sa-sp- p-i-bpw, P Ω A[o-i-XzsØ FXn p-i-bpw, l ns Nn -Iƒ v ]n pw \evip-ibpw snbvxp. tpm knkvim-bpss Iogn Hcp ssk\ni I n Xs kwl-sn-x-am-bn. {]kw-kn- m- \pw, A -ho- p-iƒ c pw thsd thsd kzoi-cn- m\pw D Aflm-b- m-cpss Ah-Im-iw, kmaq-lyhpw P\m-b-Ø-]-c-hpamb \ho-i-cww Ch e y-am n Ch {]h Øn- p-i-bp- m-bn. Ch-cn Xs Ccp-hn-`m-K- m D m-bn-cp- p. anx-hm-zn- Iƒ (Moderate Husites) {Iam-\p-K-X-amb \ho-i-c-w-øn\v \ne-sim- -t mƒ, Xo{hhm-Zn-Iƒ (Radical Husites) F mhn[ A[n- Im-c-ßƒ p-sa-xnsc hnπ-hm-fl-i-c-amb coxn-bn {]Xn-I-cn- p. H mw hn`mkw "ImenIvkvss kv' (Calixtines) F pw c mw hn`mkw "Xmt_m-ssd vkv' (Taborites) F pw Adn-b-s -Sp- p. Ccp- Iq- -scbpw Aa snøp-hm am n A m-a ]m m F.-Un. 1420 epw, F.- Un. 1427- epw Hmtcm Ipcnip bp w {]Jym-]n-s - n-epw, Chsc \n ho-cy-am- phm Ipcn-ip-bp- -ßƒ v Ign- n-. F. Un. 1431-1438 ImeØv IqSnb _mk ktω-f\w l ns A\p-bm-bn- I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßƒ ]cn-k-wn- p- I-bpw, {]iv\-ß-fpss ]cn-lm-c-øn-\mbn Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ssis m- p-ibpw snbvxp. ktω-f\w t{]kn h v D m- nb Hcp DS-ºSn (Compacts of Prague) bn IqSn {]kvxpx Ipg- -ßƒ v Xmev m-eni hncmaw C p. CXn-ep-]-cnbmbn a y-ime ]m m ÿm\sø \ho- I-cn- p- -Xn\v _mk ktω-f-\- ßƒt m, Ahbv p apºv IqSnb ktωf-\-ßƒt m km[n- msx h p F Xp k`m \ho-i-c-w-øns {]m[m-\ysø FSpØp ImWn- p- p. ^vtfmd knse {]hm-n-i : kmh-\-tdmf (F.-Un. 1452 1498) Pntdm-emtam kmh-\-tdmf C -en-bnse s^dmd-bn F.-Un. 1452 `qpm-x-\m-bn. sshzy-im-kv{xm-`y-k\w \S-Øn. {]W-bss\-cmiyw aqew P -tziw hn v s_mtfm- -bn-te v t]mbn. F. Un. 1474- tuman- \n- k`mw-k-ambn k\ym-k-hrøn sxc-s -Sp-Øp. F.-Un. 1491 C -enbnse ^vtfmd kv \K-c-Øn km am t m F k\ym-km-{i-a-øns A[n-]-\m-bn. Ct±lw Adn-b-s {]kw- K-I Bbn-cp- p. P\w {]hm-n-is i_vzw kmh-\-tdm-f-bn IqsS ti p. ""... Fs tiƒ p-i, As - n, sszh-øn \n p hcp hn-\-ßƒ tiƒ p-i. "{]mb- nøw snøpi' sb p ]d-bp-i-b- msx as m pw F\n p ]d-bp-hm-\n-. hcn-i, ]m]n-isf hcn-i, sszhw \nßsf hnfn- p- p... A tbm ^vtfmd tk (_m-_n-tem-wns\-t m-se), \nßƒ \nß-fpss ]m]-\-zn- Iƒ v AcnsI Ccn- p- p. \nßƒ \nßsf Xs IgpIn shsn- m- p-hm IÆp-\o-cns Hcp \Zn Xo p-i..'' 26 ] m-cp-ssbpw P\-Øn-s bpw Agna-Xn-bpw, Al- -bpw, BVw-_-c-hpw, kmh-\-tdm-fsb h msx thz-\n- n- n-cp- p. Ct±lw Xmsg ImWp hn[-øn hne-]n- -Xmbn ]d-bp- p. ""...-]- - m-sc- p-dn- m-tem-nn- p-tºmƒ s]m n- -c-bp-hm Rm \n _- n-x-\m- I- p. ITn-\-am-sbmcp in Ahsc ImØn-cn- p- p... hy`n-nm-cn-wnbmb k`sb, BI-am\ temi-øns apºmsi \o \ns Zpjn v {]Z in- n- n-cn- p- p. kz K-tØmfw AXns Zp K w FØp- Ibpw snøp- p.'' 27 BI-bm Cu Zri Imcy-ßƒ v FXn-cmbn {]t_m-[n- n- p-sim p \jvsamb BflnI txp v XncnsI {]m]n- phm k`m {]h Ø-I p t{]m ml\w \evip- -Xn kmh-\-tdmf kzm hym]r-x-\m-bn. F. Un. 1494-95- {^m kp-am-bp- mb bp -Øn ^vtfmd kv \K-c- Øn\v henb \mi-\-jvs-ßƒ D m-bn. X \n-anøw kwpm-x-amb Zp Zi sszhtim-]-ambn Ct±lw Nn{Xo-I-cn- p. \K-chm-kn-I-fpsS ]m]-po-hnxw Ah-km-\n- n- p-i-bmwv sszhni \ymb-hn-[nbn \n v c {]m]n- m-\p GI-am K-sa v Ct±lw Nq n- m- n. {^ p cmpm-hmb Nmƒkv F m-as\ A\p-Iq-en- Xp IqSmsX k`-bpss \ho-i-c-w-øn\p th- n-bp sszhn-im-bp-[-ambn Nmƒkns\ ImWp-Ibpw snbvxp. Xs ]cn-{i-a-^e-ambn At\-I Zp hrøn shsn p kxv]-ÿmhnte v Xncn- p. A meøv ^vtfmd knse buh-\- m-cpss klm-b-tømsp IqSn Zp am K-Øns Icp- -sf p I H -\-h[n ]pkvx-i-ßfpw, BVw-_c thj-`q-jm-zn-i-fpw, \ - Nn-{X-ß-fpw, {]Xn-a-Ifpw, B`-c-W-ßfpw tij-cn v A n- n-c-bm- n. ^vtfmd kv \K-c-hm-kn-I-fpsS PohnXw If- -s -Sp- Øp Xn -bpss Agp- p-nm-ep-iƒ CtXmSp IqSn ipno-i-cn- -s -Sp-hm-\p aplq Øw kam-k-x-am-bn. thz-]p-kvxi hmb-\-bn At\-I p Hu piyw txm n-øp-s-ßn. A\ym-b-ambn kºm-zn kzøp- ƒ \nc-h[n t] XncnsI \evin. kv{xoiƒ efn-x-h-kv{x-[m-cww kzoi-cn- p. Zcn-{Z p klmbw e`y-am-b-txmss k\ym-k-hrøn A`n-Im-ay-sa p I p.29 X\nt m Xs ]n p-w-bv p sndnb Iq -Ønt\m am{xw ^vtfmd kv \K-csØ ipnn-bm- p-i Akm- y-sa v I -Xn-\m kmh-\-tdmf k m-cns klmbw txsn. ^vtfmd kv \K-c-Øn\v ]pxn-sbmcp \mb-is\ \evip-i-bmwv Xs e y-sa v Ct±lw shfn-s -Sp-Øn. B \mb-i tbip-{in-kvxp-h- msx a mcp-a-s pw -Ct±lw - Dss -kvxcw DZvtLmjn- p. sszhni `c-w-øn ASn-ÿm-\- s P\m-bØ `c-whyh-ÿnxn (Theocratic Democracy) ÿm]n- pi kmh-\-tdmf-bpss ]c-tam- X e y-am-bn-cp- p. "^vtfmd kv \K-c-Øns \nb-ahpw `c- Whpw' F tej-\-øn ^vtfm-d -kv \K-c-Øns [m ΩnI \ho-i-c-w-øn- mbp Imcy-ßƒ Ct±lw hnh-cn- n- p- v. azy-jm- p-iƒ AS-bv p-i, amz-i-hn-imcw Cf- n-hn-sp \rø-ßƒ \ntcm-[n- p-i, NqXm w \n Ø-em- pi XpSßn \nc-h[n ]cn-jv m-c-ßƒ Ct±lw A[n-Im-cn-ItfmSv Bh-iy-s - p. k`m-[n-im-cn-i-fp-ssbpw, \K-c-Np-a-X-e- m-cp-ssbpw sx mb {]h-w-x-iƒs -Xn-cmbn ]S-hm-tfm-ßn-b- Xn-\m, Ah-cn \n p klm-b-ßƒ e`n- msx t]mb-xn\p ]pd-ta, Ah-cn \n v D]-{Zhhpw X\n v Gevt n h p. ^vtfmd kv \K-c-Øns `c-wm- [n-im-cn-i-fmb saunkn IpSpw-_- m-cpw, Ae-Ivkm- Bdm-a 30 ]m mbpw (F.- Un.1431 1503) X\n v hncp- -ambn Xncn- p. F. Un. 1495- ]m m kmh-\-tdmfbv v tdman Ip -hn-nm-c-w-bv mbn FØp-hm Iev]\ simsp-øp. ]t ]m m-bpss Iev]\ Ct±lw Iq m- n-bn-. ]m m ^vtfmd kv \K-csØ "C UnIvSn's Iogn-em- n. kvs]bn, P Ω-\n, Cw - v, {^m kv, lwkdn F o cmpy-ß-fnse cmpm- - m-tcmsv Hcp s]mxp-k-tω-f\w hnfn p Iq p-hm kmh- \-tdmf Bh-iy-s - p. IqSmsX Ae-Ivkm- Bdm-a bym -]m m As p am{x-a b-ym- {InkvXym\n t]mepw As v Ct±-lw {]kvxm-hn- p. CXn Ip]n-X-\mb ]m- m kmh-\-tdm-f-bpss {]h -Ø-\ kzm-x{ yw \ntcm-[n- p-ibpw, F.-Un. 1497 k`-bv n-x-c-\mbn {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. A[nIw Xmakn-bmsX Zpcbv v ASn-a-I-fm-bn-Øo P\w kmh-\-tdm-fsb X n- -d- p. {^m kn-kvi k`mw-k-ßfpw Ct±-l- Øns hntcm-[n-i-fm-bn. k m Ct±lsØ XSh-d-bn-em- n-b-xn\p ]pdta {Iqc-ambn tztlm-]-{zhw Gev]n v ^vtfmd- knse Hcp N -ÿ-eøv Xq n-en p sim p. XpS v NnX-bn-tebv v hen-s dn- p. F{Xbpw lo\-amb A yw \ Ip-I-bm-bn-cp p i{xp- -fpss e yw. AXn Ah hnp-bn-s - nepw kmh-\- tdmf XpS-ßnb {]hm-n-i-ip-{iq-j-bpw, k`m \ho-i-c-w-øn-s bpw \K-c-ip-No-Ic-W-Øn-s bpw kwcw-`-hpw, ^vtfmd- knse \K-c-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Ahn-SpsØ {]mtz-ini k`m-po-hn-x-søbpw kmc-ambn kv] in- Xp IqSmsX ]nev m-esø k`m \ho-i-c-wsø s]mxp-hmbpw kzm[o-\n- p. hn`m-ko-b-xbpss \mb-i-\mbpw, ax-{`m- -\mbpw Ct±-lsØ ho n- -h A m-eøv D m-bn-cp-s - n-epw, Xs Bi-b-ip- n-bpw, \njv -]-S-X-bpw, sszhni hnizm-k-hpw, P\-\- -bv m-bp AXym-th-ihpw hmgvøn-b-hcpw Ipds m pw Bbn-cp- n-. kvxpxn snmδmb ImtXm-enI hnizmkw {]Xn-]m-Zn- p The Triumph of the Cross F t]cn-ep Ct±-l-Øns IrXn hfsc hne-s - -Xm- Wv."ZznXob kv\m]i tbml- m ' F t]cn hn{ip-x-\mb kmh-\-tdm-f-bpss Pohn-Xhpw {]h Ø-\hpw Ah-tem-I\w snøp Bscbpw C pw F pw Nn m- [o-\cpw I tωm- p-icpw B pw F - Xn kwi-bn-t - -Xn-. WHO WILL LISTEN TO THIS APPEAL? tpm hn n-^v Cw - n-epw, tpm l v s_mlo-an-b-bn-epw, kmh-\-tdmf C - en-bnepw k`-bp-ssbpw tzi-øn-s -bpw Pohn-X- -{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn BZy-Im-eØv ipno-i-c-w-øns Zo]w sxfn- -h Bbn-cp- p. BI-bm ]Xn- mepw ]Xn- \ pw \q m- p-i-fnse \ho-i-cw DZya-ßƒ {][m-\-ambpw Ch-cn-eq-sS-bmWv Hcp Ncn-{X-Im-cs apºmsi A\m-h-cWw snø-s -Sp- -Xv. \ \nd Hcp temiw Ah kz]v\w I p. sszhni t_m[w, kvt\lw, klm-\p-`qxn F n-h-bm ]qcn-x-amb k`m PohnXw ssi-hcp-øphm Ah shº sim p. \n w-kmh-ÿbpw A_- -hn-izm-km-nm-c-ß-fpw, `uxni ]ptcm-k-xn-bpss ]n m-se-bp ]c- w-]m- nepw hn p-i-f- v, aqey-xmt_m-[hpw kwkv m-c-k-º- -Xbpw aqe- [-\-am-bp a\p-jy-k-aq-l-øns Bhn `m-h-øn- mbn Ah simxn- p. tpm hn n-^ns acww kzm`m-hn- I-am-bn-cp-s - n-epw, ac-w-ti-jhpw AXn- {Iq-c-am-bn- s{x k` tpm hn n-^ns\ I -Xv. tpm l pw, kmh-\-tdm-fbpw Zb-\o-bamw hn[w sime sn-ø-s - p. ]t {]mcw-`-ime \ho-i-c-w-ønse {Xnaq Øn-I-fmb Ch-cpsS {]b-xv\-ßƒ A]-N-b-am-bn-cp- n-. Ah-cpsS ta[m-i- n-bpw, Nn m-ssh-`-h-hpw, \ho-i-c-wm- Z i-ßfpw Dƒs m- p- -Xn A mesø k`bv v Ign-bmsX t]m-bxv k`bpss Zptcym-K-am-sW v \n -t mnw kω-xn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. Ah-scbpw Ah {]Xn-\n-[m\w snbvx \ho-i-cw BZ i-ß-sfbpw C- mbva snøp-hm-\p GsXmcp \o hpw hrym bxv\-ß-fmbn ]cn-w-an- p. CXp ]Xn- mdmw \q m- nse k`m \ho-i-cw Ncn-{X-Øns ]pd-ßƒ hnfn-t m-xp kxy-a-t{x. XpS v D mb k`m \ho- I-cW {]{In-bbv v Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw ktμ-ihpw amxr-i-bm-bn-øo p-sh p ]d-bp- -Xn A -i- -bv n-s-an. A- h snbvxxpw Nn n- Xpw AXp-t]mse ]nev m-eøv A\p-I-cn-s - CXns kqn-\. F m Ah {]tnm-z-\hpw t{]- c-wbpw Bbn ASpØ \q m- p-i-fn Xnfßn \n p. Ah-bm Bflob ssn- X-\y-Øn- m-bp A`n-hmRvO AZ-ay-amhp-I-bpw, eqy, Im hn, kznw n XpSßn-b-h `u-xn-i-x-bp-ssbpw BVw-_-c- Xz-Øn-s -bpw \o -b-øn IpSp-ßnt mb k-`-sb-bpw kaq-l-søbpw D- cn- p-hm ka n-x-cm-hp-ibpw sn-bvxp. \ A`n-e-jn- -h F nepw Xn bpss Xn- m-\p-`hw Ahcpw Npa-t - n h p. F m- k` \ho-i-cww km[n- X-am-b-t mƒ Ah-cpsS DZy-a-ßƒ v A hpw Kmw`o-cyhpw angn-th-in. A-ßs\ \ho-i-c-w-øn-eqss ss{ikvxh k`m- Po-hn-X-Øn Nme-I-i- n-i-fmbn amdnb Cu al-øp- ƒ k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn aßn-am-bmø tpymxn-kp-i-fmbn \ne-\nev p- p.

9 hm Øm]{XnI p-sa- v tb-ip hy- -am-bn a- \- n-em- n-bn-cp- p. Xym-K-]-cam-b kv-t\-l-ap-s - n F- mw km-[y-am-wv F- v C-hn-sS sx-fn-bn- -s - n-cn- p- p. A-Xv Cu kv-t\-l-øn-s A-t -kv- X-e-\n tb-ip I- p. A-XpsIm- m-wv kz- w k-tlm-z-cß-sf G-ev- n- m-sx tb-ip X- s A-Ω-sb tbm-l- m-s I- øn G-ev- n- m Im-c-Ww. a-s m- p-iq-sn C-hn-sS {]-[m- \y-am-bn Nn- n-t - -Xp-.v tb-ip B-Zyw am-xm-hn-t\m-sm-wv ]-d- -Xv "kv-{xotb C-Xm \ns a-i ' a-dn-b tbm-l- m-s\ a-i-s\-t m-se kzo-i-cn-s - n am-{x-ta B _- -Øn-\v D-e- n kw-`-hn- m-xn-cn- p F- m-wv C-hn-sS A - -am- p- - Xv. c- p-t]-cp-ts-bpw a-\- n-s \n-e-hm-cw C-hn-sS {]m-[m-\yw A -ln- p- p. c- p t]-cpw A- h-c-h-cp-ss ÿm-\-ß-fn \n - p-tºm-gm-wv kv-t\-l-øn-s ]q -Æ-X sh-fn-s -Sp- -Xv. A- t m-gm-wv _- -ß-fn kv-t\- lw sh-fn-s -Sp- -Xv. C- v Xo - Øpw Z-b-\o-b-am-b Im-cy-ß-fm- Wv ]-e {]m-b-am-b am-xm-]n-xm- -fn \n- pw tiƒ- p-hm I-gn-bp- -Xv. G-Im- -X-bn-epw a- t\m-`m-c-ß-fm-epw ]-e am-xm-]n- Xm- - m-cpw hr- k-z-\-ßfn A-h-cp-sS Po-hn-Xw A-hkm-\n- n- p- p. b-tlm-h-bm-b ssz-hw C-{km-tb a- -sf- - n ]-d- n-cn- p- -Xp t]m-sehr cmb amxm]nxm ƒ Dt] n s Sp pthm? spbnwkv timin tpm v \-Ωp-sS \m- n-se H-cp ]-gs m- v C-{]-Im-camWv. -""B-hp- Im-e-Øv ssx ]-Øp- h- m B-]-Øv Im-e-Øv Im ]- Øv ]-dn- mw.'' -h-f-sc {i- tbm-spw ITn-\m-[zm-\w sn-bv- Xpw \- p-h-f -Øn-b ^-e-hr- - Øn \n- pw ^-ew B-{K-ln- m-ø G-Xv txm- - m-c-\m-wv D- -Xv. \- p-h-f -Øn-b B sn- Sn-bn \n- pw A-Y-hm B hr- -Øn \n- pw Hm-tc ^-eß-fpw ]-dn-s -Sp-Øv D-]-tbm-Ks -Sp-Øp-tºm-gpw B txm- - mc-s a-\- v Ip-fn-c-Wn-bp- p, X- s I-gn- \m-fp-i-fn-se ITn- \m-[zm-\ \n-an-j-ßƒ a-d- p- p. B-hp- Im-e-Øv ITn-\m- [zm-\w sn-bv-xv \- p-h-f -Ønbm B-]-Øv Im-e-Øv A- Xn - q-sn B-izm-kw e-`n- pw F- p- Nn- -bm-wv Hm-tcm txm- - m-c-\p-ap- -Xv. -ssz-h- Øn-s kz- w \m-ss- p hn-tijn- n- p- Cu \-Ωp-sS sim- p ti-c-f-øn-s ap- n-epw aqe-bn-epw hr- -k-z-\-ßƒ h - n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p F- p- -Xv Zpx-J-I-c-am-tbm-cp bm-ym - Yy-am-Wv. {In-kv-Xo-b `-h-\-ßfn \n- p-t]m-epw hr- -cm-b am-xm-]n-xm- - m ]p-d-øm- s -Sp- p F- p- -Xm-Wv G- - hpw \o-n-am-b Im-cyw. Help Age India F- v hr- -sc k- lm-bn- p- kw-l-s-\ \-S-Ønb ]T-\-Øn ti-c-f-øn hr- -k-z-\-ßƒ Iq h-f - -t]mse-bm-sw- p ]-d-bp- p. 2000 F-Æ-Øn 150 B-bncp- hr- -k-z-\-ß-fp-ss kw- Jy C-t mƒ ap- q-tdm-fw F- Æw ti-c-f-øn am-{xw D-s - m-wv I-W- v. \- Ip-Spw-_- Øn ]n-d- hn-zym-k-º- -cmb a-lm- m -t m-epw X-ß-fp-sS am-xm-]n-xm- -sf hr- -k-z-\-ßfn B- p-hm \n -_- n-xcm-ip- p. God s Own Country F t]cv C\n Old s Own Country F- v B-bn-Øn-cp-tam F- v kw-i-bnt - n-bn-cn- p- p. \-Ωp-sS cm- Py-Øn-s kw-kv- m-c-hpw, ss]-xr-i-hpw, A-Xn-s aq-eyß-fpw a- v ]m- m-xy tem-i- Øn \n- pw h-f-sc hy-xy-kv- X-X D- m-bn-cp- p. F- m B ]m- m-xy kw-kv- m-cw C- t mƒ \-Ωp-sS \m- n-epw C-Sw ]n-sn-t m F- v txm- n-t m-ip- p. ]T-\-ß-fn-ep-sS-bpw \n-cn- -W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw H-s sxfn-bn- -s - n-cn- p- -Xv hr- -cmb-h X-ß-fp-sS a- -fm \n-ckn- -s -Sp-hm-\p- A-Xn-{]-[m- \-am-b Im-c-Ww kzm - a-t\m- `m-h-ap- -Xn-\m-em-Wv. kzm - - X sh-sn- v \- lr-z-b-øn-s D-S-a-Iƒ- v am-{x-ta A- yw h- sc-bpw b-ym - kv-t\-lw \ne-\n -Øm ]- p-i-bp- p. Iq- p-ip-spw-_ kw-kv- m-cw am-dn A-Wp-Ip-Spw-_ kw-kv- m-cw ^m-j-\m-bn-øp-s-ßn-b-txm-ssbm-imw am-xm-]n-xm- ƒ Hu- v B-bn Xp-S-ßn-b-sX- v Nn- n- p- -Xn-epw sx- n-. Hmƒ-Uv Cu-kv tkmƒ-uv F- snm- pam- n Hmƒ-Uv Cu-kv timƒ-uv- F- v snm- p- \yq-p-\-tdj X-e-ap-d-I-sf-bpw \-ap- v Im-Wm I-gn-bpw. am-xm-]n-xm- ƒ hr- -k-z-\-ß-fn h- p tn-cp- -Xn-\p- {]-[m-\ Im-c- W-ßƒ Nn-e \n-co- -I-cp-sS hn-e-bn-cp-ø-en C-{]-Im-c-am- Wv. 1. t\m- p-hm ho- n B-cpw C- m-ø-xp-sim- v. 2. a- ƒ hn-tz-i-ß-fn-em-b-xpsim- v. 3. a- -fp-am-bn- p- {]-iv-\- ßƒ \n-an-øw 4. a-cp-a-iƒ Im-c-Ww {]-iv-\- Øn-em-b-h 5. kz- w C-jv-S-{]-Im-cw Xn-cs -Sp-Ø-h C-Xn X-ß-fp-sS a-cp-a-iƒ- Imc-W-am-Wv Iq-Sp-X -t -cpw hr- k-z-\-ß-fn A-`-bw {]m- ]n- n-cn- p- -Xv F- m-wv ]T- \-Øn-eq-sS a-\- n-em- p- -Xv. ss_-_n-fn \thm-an-bp-ss a- cp-a-iƒ cq-øv F- tam-hm-_y kv-{xn-sb C-hn-sS kv-a-cn- p- p! a-c-w-øn-s I-cn-\n-g-ep-Iƒ A-\m-[-am- n-b B Ip-Spw-_- Øn {]-Xym-i-bp-sS In-c-Wßƒ ho-in-b-xv Cu \- a-cp-a- Iƒ cq-øv Im-c-W-am-bn-cp- p. ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn tbm-l- ms kp-hn-ti-jw 19 : 26,27 hm- Iy-ß-fn \mw hm-bn- p- -Xv C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. tb-ip I -Ømhv X-s A-Ω-bpw Xm kv-t\- ln- in-jy-\pw \n - p- -Xv I- n- v kv-{xotb, C-Xm \n-s a-i F- v A-Ω-tbm-Sv ]-d- p, ]n-s in-jy-t\m-sv C-Xm \n-s A-Ω F- pw ]-d- p. B \m-gn-i ap-x in-jy A- h-sf X-s ho- n ssi-t m- p. C-hn-sS \mw a-\- n-em- p- -Xv, X-s D-Z-c-Øn h-ln- -Xpw, Cu `q-an-bn X-\n- p P- w \-ev-in h-f -Øn-b-Xp-amb X-s A-Ω-tbm-Sp- tb-iphn-s B-g-am-b kv-t\-l-hpw, I- S- m-spw, I-cp-X-ep-am-Wv. tb-ip {Iq-in - n-s-bp-tºm-gpw B am- Xm-hn-s lr-z-b-an-sn- v {i- n- ncp- p F- p- -Xm-Wv hm-kv-xhw. tb-ip I -Øm-hn-s Zm-cp- W-am-b {Iq-iv a-c-ww Cu am- Xm-hn-s\ h-f-sc th-z-\-s -Sp- Øn- m-wpw. h-f-sc {]-txy-iam-bn \mw C-hn-sS A-dn-tb- - Xv tb-ip {Iq-in th-z-\-s -Sptºm-gpw X-s am-xm-hn-s\ {i- n- n-cp- p, ]-s C- -sø X-e-ap-d k-i-e kp-j-ß-fpw B- kz-zn- p-tºm-gpw A-h-sc P-\n- n- p h-f -Øn h-ep-xm- n-b am- Xm-]n-Xm- -sf a-d- p-t]m-ip- p. tb-ip-hn-\v a- -t\-iw k- tlm-z-c- m-cpw k-tlm-z-cn-am-cpw D- m-bn-cp- -t m. (a-øm-bn 13:55,56) F- n- pw F- p-sim- v X-s A-Ω-sb tbm-l- m F- in-jy-s\ G-ev- n- p? ho- n-ep- a- v k-tlm-z-cß-fp-ss ssi-øn F- p-tim- v X-s A-Ω-tb G-ev- n- n-? tb-ip {Iq-in - n-s- p-sim- v tbm-l- m-t\m-sv C-Xm \ns A-Ω F- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ tbm-l- m-s kz- w A-Ω-bpw B {Iq-in-s Np-h- n \n - p- p- m-bn-cp- p F- p \mw hmbn- p- p. (a-øm-bn 27:56) H- tc k-a-bw c- v A-Ω-am-sc-bpw t\m- p-hm-\p-d- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn- Xzw B in-jy-\v sim-sp- p-ibm-bn-cp-t m? tbm-l- m-\v F- ß-s\ c- v A-Ω-am-sc-bpw H- cp-t]m-se t\m- p-hm I-gn- p-im-wpw. C- -sø X-e-apd kz- w am-xm-]n-xm- -sf-t mepw t\m- p-hm I-gn-bm-sX A-h-sc hr- -k-z-\-ß-fn sim- m- p- p. tb-ip X-s am-xm-hn-s\ tbm-l- m-s ssi-øn am-{xw G-ev- n- phm a-xn-bm-b Im-c-W-ap- v. tb-ip tbm-l- m-\n \n-jv-i- ]-S-am-b kv-t\-lw I- p, B {Iq-in-s Np-h- n \n- pw amdm-sx tb-ip ]-d- A-h-km- \ hm- v F- mw \n-hr-øn-bmbn- ( Tetelestai ) B-sW- v h-f-sc hy- -am-bn ti- -Xv tbml- m-\m-wv. a-s - m in-jy- mcpw A-h-km-\ \n-an-jw Nn-X-dn Hm-Sn-b-t m-gpw tbm-l- m am- {X-am-bn-cp- p {Iq-in-s Np-h- n. C-ß-s\ Xym-K-am-b kv-t\- l-ap- -h-s I-øn X-s A- Ω-sb G-ev- n- m A- yw h- sc-bpw B-flm - -am-bn t\m- p-sa- v tb-ip A-dn- n-cp- p. Xz- v Np-fn-ßn-bm-epw, tnm-c-bpw \o-cp-an-s - n-epw, tpm-en-sbm- pw F-Sp- m {Xm- Wn C-s - n-epw X-s A-Ω-sb tbm-l- m kw-c- n- p-sim- bm-wv C- v X-ß-fp-sS a- fm D-t]- n- -s - v hr- -k- Z-\-ß-fn - m - p- -h ]-d-bp- -Xv. Rm a- -sf t]m- n h- f -Øn; A-h-tcm F-t m-sv a- - cn- n-cn- p- p... - Cu B-gam-b s\-sp-ho - p-i-tfm-ss-bm- Wv ]-e-cpw hr- -k-z-\-ß-fn I-gn-bp- -Xv F- p ]-d-bp- - Xn H-cp sx- p-an-. tb-ip-hpw X-s A-Ω-sb a-s m-cm-sf G- ev- n- p-h-t m A-Xp-sIm- v am- Xm-]n-Xm- -sf hr- -k-z-\-ßfn sim- m- n-bm-epw Ip-g- an- F- p Nn- n- p- -h Im- Wpw. tb-ip X-s A-Ω-sb t\m- p-hm-\- Cu `p-an-bn A-h-X-cn- -sx- v \-ap- -dn-bmw. tb-ip Cu `q-an-bn P-\n- -Xv ]m-]n-iƒ- m-bv a-cn- p-hm-\mbn-cp- p, ssz-ho-i Zu-Xyw \nhr-øn- m-\m-bn-cp- p. F- n- pw 9 am-kw X-s Np-a- D-Z-c-sØ a-d- n-, X-s h-f -Øn-b A- Ω-sb H-cp kp-c- n-x ssi-ifn G-ev- n- p-sim- m-wv B ssz-ho-i Zu-Xyw ]q -Øo-I-cn- -Xv. Cu tb-ip-hm-i-s \-ΩpsS am-xr-i. F-{X h-en-b Zu- Xy-ap- -h-cm-bm-epw, Xn-c- p- h-cm-bm-epw am-xm-]n-xm- -sf Hm - p-, A-h-tcm-sSm- w k- a-bw ]- n-sp- \- a-\- n-s D-S-a-I-fm-bn Xo-cmw. ""\n-s P- \n- n- A- -s hm- p ti-ƒ- ; \n-s A-Ω hr- -bm-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ A-h-sf \n-μn- -cp- Xv'' (kzr-i. 23:22). kphm -Øm-`-h {]-kn- o-i-cn _n n {K-lm-an-s ]p-kv-x-ißƒ Average 200 pages Rs. 150 each

10 hm Øm]{XnI New Delhi: In 2014, when lawyer Birender Sangwan visited his friend's brother at a hospital who had undergone a heart surgery, he inspected the box of coronary stent, a tube placed in the artery. "It kind of hit me...there was no bill and I couldn't find any details of price. My friend's brother had paid Rs 1,26,000 for the coronary stent. I felt the price was exorbitant," 37-year-old Sangwan tells ScoopWhoop News while sitting in his chamber at Rohini District Court. After doing some preliminary research, Sangwan shot a letter to Union Health Ministry complaining about overpricing of coronary stents installed in patients. He also filed an RTI application to ascertain under which category stents are classified in health sector - drugs or metals. "The RTI reply bewildered me. Firstly, I came to know that cardiac stents are exempted from Customs duty. Secondly, stents are notified as drugs but not covered under any price control mechanism in India because they were not included in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). I had to get it to that list," Sangwan, who filed a HERE S WHY MILLIONS OF INDIANS SHOULD THANK THIS LAWYER FOR HIS WORK by Safwat Zargar Birender Sangwan petition in Delhi High Court in 2014 asking regulation on prices of stents, says. Sangwan's initial success came in July 2016 when the government included coronary stents in the NLEM list 2015. But the pricing regulation came six months later when coronary stents became part of the first Schedule of the Drug Prices Control Order (DPCO), WHAT DO YOU HAVE IN LIFE... THE RELIGION OR THE GOSPEL? Archbishop Jonathan Ansar Somebody once asked a Christian friend, I can t understand you Christians because India is the home of many religions that it is an exceedingly religious country. Why then do you introduce yet another religion and add to the confusion? Surely, India has enough religions. The Christian friend answered, Friend, I m not interested in *religion*, but I m deeply interested in the _Gospel_. * I would not walk across the streets for *religion*, but I m willing to go around the world for the sake of the _Gospel_. There is a difference between the two. *Religion* is man made; the *_Gospel_* is God given, Religion* is what man does for God; the *_Gospel_* is what God has done for man, *Religion* is man s search for God; the *_Gospel_* is God s search for man, *Religion* is man trying to climb the ladder of his own self-righteousness, with the hope of meeting God at the topmost rung; the *_Gospel_* is God coming down the ladder of the incarnation of Jesus Christ and meeting us as sinners at the lowest rung (forming the steps of a ladder), *Religion* is good views; the *_Gospel _* is good news. *Religion* is good advice; the *_Gospel_* is glorious announcement. *Religion* takes a man leaves him as he is; the *_Gospel_* takes a man as he is and makes him what he ought to be. *Religion* ends in an outer reformation; the *_Gospel_* ends in an inner transformation. *Religion* white washes; the *_Gospel_* washes white. *Religion* often becomes a farce; the *_Gospel_* is always a force, the power of God unto salvation to everyone who believes. There are many *religions*, but only one *_Gospel_*. 2013.. The final success of Sangwan's more than twoyear-old battle came on Tuesday when the government decided to cut prices of life-saving coronary stents by up to 85 percent. According to the government's orders - implemented with immediate effect - the maximum retail price of bare metal stents (BMS) and drug eluting stents (DES) will be Rs 7,623 and Rs 31,080, respectively, inclusive of VAT and other local taxes. Earlier, a patient, on average, had to cough up Rs 45,000 for BMS and RS 1.21 lakh on DES. A coronary stent is a tubeshaped device fixed in the arteries to keep them open so as to ensure proper supply of blood to the heart. More than five lakh stents of various categories are used in India annually. Most of them being imported from other countries. After Tuesday's order, dozens of his colleagues have been dropping by his office to congratulate him. His success has found many takers including Prime Minister Narendra Modi. "See, PM Modi is telling an audience that his government cares for poor and has reduced the price of cardiac stents," Sangwan says while flashing a calm smile. He shows a tweet from PM Modi's handle on his iphone in which Modi is addressing a rally and speaking about the price cut of stents. However, he doesn't mind. For Sangwan, this is not an isolated success. It's just a part of "larger social service" he has taken upon as a lawyer. Armed with PILs, writ petitions and RTIs, Sangwan has filed a number of petitions in various courts regarding various issues in the country. His petition last year ensured cleanliness and sanitation in Delhi after MCD workers went on prolonged strike due to non-payment of salaries. He also wanted government to make a surrogacy law for ensuring safety and financial security of surrogate mother and the child. During demonetisation, Sangwan also filed a petition asking government to allow usage of old currency notes in courts and marriages. "I spend two days of my week for the country," Sangwan, who practices at Delhi High Court and Rohini District Courts. "On Friday and Saturday, I work with my juniors and assistants to discuss issues concerning public and then use the law to ensure that wrongs are rectified." Hailing from Haryana's Sonipat area, Sangwan says the idea of "social service through law" came naturally. Brought up by his teacher parents', Sangwan says his upbringing made him care seriously about the issues in society. "Whenever something good happens from my efforts, I sleep better. It gives pleasure to my soul." Sangwan's new target is the price regulation of different kinds of implants for knee and hip replacement surgeries. "We are working on it. Once ready, we will go to court," he says.

11 hm Øm]{XnI Hm -a-iƒ \n-e-\n -Øn a-bn -hm-l-\w \n-c-øp-i-fn -\n- v hn-s-]-d-bp- p sjm -Wq : N-{I-Øn B- hn-b-{ w L-Sn- n- v ap-c- p-xp- S-ßn-b Im-ew, ti-c-f ]n-d-hn- v ap-ºv, ]m-e- m-sn-s \n-c-øp-ifn Cu N-{I-ß-fpw D-cp- p-xp- S-ßn. Sm-dn- h-gn-i-fpw hm-l-\- ß-fpw A-]q -h-am-b Im-e-Øm- Wv kn.f. am-xyp F- sn-dp- - m-c a-bn -hm-l-\w tamt m k -ho-kp-am-bn I-S- p-h- -Xv. B-fp-Iƒ I-b-dm-\pw C-dßm-\pw \n -Øn-bm, ]n-s ]p-d-øn-d-ßn-h- v F -Pn Xncn- v Ãm - v sn-ø-ww. I-b- -sa- Øp-tºmƒ F- m-h-cpw C-d-ßn X- p-i-bpw th-ww. C-Ø-c-Ønep- h- n-tbm-ss-bm-bn-cp- p Xp-S- w. ]n- o-sv Im-e-Øn-s\m- Øv _-kp-iƒ- pw F -Pn-\p- ]-g-b a-bn -hm-l-\w _-kv Sm-dn- h-gn-i-fpw hm-l-\-ß-fpw A-]q -h-am-b Im-e-Øm-Wv kn.f. am-xyp F- sn-dp- - m-c a-bn -hm-l-\w tam-t m k -ho-kp-am-bn I-S- p-h- -Xv. Iƒ- pw am- w h- p. sx- ti-c-f-øn-se timg-t cn-bn -\n- v (]-Ø-\w-Xn- Pn ) 1935- sjm -Wq-cn-te- v Po-hn-Xw ]-dn- p-\- -h. Cu km-[m-c-w I -j-i Ip-Spw-_w ]n- o-sv kw-ÿm-\-sø A-dn-bs -Sp- _-kv hy-h-km-bn-i-fmbn am-dn. 120 _-kp-i-fp- h- en-b {Sm -kv-t]m - v I-\v-]-\nbm-bn h-f - a-bn -hm-l-\w, sjm -Wq-cn-s kz-im-cy A-l- m-c-hp-am-bn am-dn. sjm -Wq-cnse-Øn-b am-xyp-hn-\v F- m k- lm-b-hpw \ -In-b-Xv a- -Øv tkm-hn-μ \m-b-cm-wv. s{su-hn- Mv sse-k -kp- Ip-Sn-tb- I -j-i _-kv k -ho-kv Xp- S-ßm Xo-cp-am-\n- -t mƒ k- lm-bn- tkm-hn-μ \m-b-tcm-sp- X-s t]-cv \n -tz-in- m B- h-iy-s - p. A- v X-an-gv-\m-Sn-s `m-k-am-bn-cp- p ]m-e- m-sv. ]-g- \n-ap-cp-i-\m-bn-cp- p A-h-cp-sS I -I- ssz-hw. ap-cp-i-s hm-l-\w, 'a-bn -hm-l-\w'. B t]-cm-bn-cp- p \n -tz-iw. ]n- o- Sv, a-bn -hm-l-\w \n-c-øp-ifn \n-d- p. ]m-e- m-sn-s {]-Xo-I-am-bn am-dn. Hm-tcm-h -jhpw _-kp-i-fp-ss F-Æw h -[n- p. ]n- o-sv ]m-e- m-sv, a-e- p-dw, tim-gn-t m-sv, Xr-»q, F-d-Wm- Ip-fw Pn- -I-fn-te- v k -ho-kv hym-]n- p. B-bn-c-Øn-e-[n-Iw t] - v tpm-en-bpw C-h \ - In. B-Zy-Im-e-Øv \m-ev 'in- n'bm-bn-cp- p an-\n-aw Nm -Pv. H-cp-Zn-h-k-sØ ]-c-am-h-[n I-f- F- p-cq-]. k- m-c-øn-\v an-\n-aw Nm -Pv 10 cq-]-bn-epw 15 cq-]-bn-epw F-Øn-\n - p-tºmgpw s]m-xp-k-xm-k-x kw-hn-[m- \w ]m-e- m-s sx-cp-ho-yn-iƒ- v ]-cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xn-s F- m s{i-un- pw C-h - p-xs. F- m, C-t mƒ Uo-k, sxm-gn-em-fn, k - m \n-ip-xn- Iƒ, C -jq-d -kv F- n-h-sb- mw h-en-b _m-[y-x-bm-b-txmss a-bn -hm-l-\w _-kv k - ho-kv X-f - p. I-gn- 10 h - j-øn-\n-ss, Hm-Sn-s m- n-cp- \n-c-h-[n _-kp-iƒ ]n -h-en- p. C-t mƒ 15 _-kp-iƒ am-{x-am- Wv Cu t]-cn Hm-Sp- -Xv. B - pw D-]-Im-c-an- m-sx Hm-Sp- sx- n-s\- Nn- -bn -\n- pw sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ- v \ -Im-\p- F- m B-\p-Iq-ey-ß-fpw \ -In A-h B kw-cw-`-øn- \v Xn-c-»o-e-bn-Sp-I-bm-Wv. k-a-cn- -kv t m-øv _m- v Xn-cp-h- kp-hm -Øm-`-h ti-{μ-am- n {]-h -Øn- p- "k-a-cn- -kv t m-øv _m- v" F- h-kv- {X ti-j-c-ww ti-c-f-øn-\p ]p-d-øp- {Km-a-ß-fn-epw tn-cn {]-tz-i-ß-fn-epw A -l-x-bp- km- [p- ƒ- pw Iq-Sm-sX kp-hn-ti-jo-i-c-ww \-S- p-sim- n-cn- p- hn-t -Pp-I-fn-epw, B-h-iym-\pk-c-Ww an-j-\-dn kw-l-s-\-i-fn-eq-ss hn-x-c-ww sn-øp- p. Cu {]-h -Ø-\-Øn-\v ]- p tn-cp- -Xn- \v k-`m-hy-xym-k-an- m-sx G-h-sc-bpw -Wn- p-sim- p- p. ti-j-cn- p- h-kv-{x-ß-fpw kw-`m-h- \-I-fpw Xm-sg Im-Wp- hn-em-k-øn F-Øn-bv- p-i-tbm, t^m-wn _- -s -Sp-I-tbm sn-ømw. kp-hm -Øm `-h, Sn.sI. tdm-uv, Xn-cp-h-. t^m : 0469 2740334. {]-h -Ø-\ ssi-en 1. k-`-i-fn \n- pw, {In-kv-Xo-b ÿm-]\-ßƒ kv-iq-fp-i-fn \n- pw h-kv-{x-ßfpw kw-`m-h-\- I-fpw kzo-i-cn- p- p. 2. h-kv-{x-ßƒ hn-hn-[ an-j-\-dn kw-l-s-\-iƒ h-gn-bm-bpw t\-cn- pw hn-x-c-ww \-S-Øpw. 3. h-kv-{x-ßƒ hn-x-c-ww sn-øp- -Xv km-º-øn-i-ti-jn Ip-d- -h - m-bn-cn- pw. 4. D-]-tbm-K-tbm-Ky-am-b h-kv-{x-ßƒ am-{x-ta kzo-i-cn- p-i-bp- q. 5. h-kv-{x-ßƒ A-e- n, a-s- n-ø-c-ww. t m-øv-_m- n \n- v h-kv-{x-ßƒ kzo-i-cn- p- -h 1. h-kv-{x-ßƒ F-Øn- p- -Xn-\p- sn-e-hv ssi- - p- -h h-ln- -Ww. A-Xn-\v I-gn-hn- m-øz - v {]-txy-i ]-cn-k-w-\-bn sn-e-hv h-ln- v F-Øn- pw. 2. G-Xp ÿ-e-øv, F-t mƒ, F-{X t] - v hn-x-c-ww \-S-Øn F- H-cp dn-t m - v F-gp-Xn-b-dn-bn- -Ww. h-kv-{x-ßƒ kzo-i-cn- p- ÿ-e-ßƒ 1. F-Iv-k _m- -dn, im-kv-{xn tdm-uv, tim- -bw. t^m : 0481 2562939. 2. Iz-bn-tem GP -ko-kv, sim- w t^m : 0474 274288, 3. tim-hq {]n v B -Sv-kv, I-S-h-{, sim- n t^m : 04842206821, 9447746821. 4. {]-Im-iv sh- -kv, F-S-Xz Su. t^m : 0479 2214626, 5. ssk-_ tim -]-tdj, I-h-Sn-bm, Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-cw. t^m : 0471 2316858 F- n-hn-s-ß-fn-em-wv h-kv-{x-ßƒ kzo-i-cn- p- ÿ-e-ßƒ. t m-øv _m- p-am-bn k-l-i-cn- p-hm Xm-ev-]-cy-ap- -h I -ho-\, t m-øv-_m- v, kp-hm -Øm-`-h, Sn.sI. tdm-uv, Xn-cp-h- 689101. t^m : 0469 2740334 F- hn-em-k-øn _- -s -Sp-I Nncn-Nn Xr]vX-\m-b-h hcs tiz k`-bn s] Hcmƒ Xs hosn-\-sp-øp Xs hi Hcp ÿeøv Hcp ]ckyt_m Umbn Cßs\ FgpXn: ""]q Æ kwxr-]vxn-bn Pohn- p Hcmƒ v Cu ÿew kup-\y-ambn \ Ip- -Xm-Wv.'' [\-hm-\mb Hcp Irjn- m-c B hgn IS- p-t]m-b-t mƒ Cu ]c-ky-t_m Uv I p. Irjn- mc Cßs\ a\- n ]d- p, "GXm-bmepw Fs tiz kvt\ln-x Cu hkvxp Hgn-bm t]mip-ibm-wv. a m-sc- nepw tnmzn- p-sim p t]mip- -Xn\p apºv AsX-\n p tnmzn- -Ww. Rm Hcp ]W- m-c\pw Bh-iy-ap- -sx mw F\n v D p-xm-\pw, AXp-sIm v Cu hkvxp e`n- m Rm XnI pw tbmky-\mwv.'' C mcyw a\- n [ym\n- p-sim v tiz k`mw- K-Øns ASp- -se-øn. tiz tnmzn- p, ""F m Xm ƒ kwxr-]vx-\mtwm?'' "Xo -bm-bpw, F\n p th -sx mw D v' tiz ]d- p, ""kvt\ln-xm, \nßƒ kwxr-]vx-s\- n F v Bh-iy-Øn-\mWv Cu ÿew tnmzn- Xv?'' tnmt v ]m e`n- p- Xv {_u \nd-ap ]ip- fn \n v! Ata-cn- -bn P\n- p-h-f {]mb-]q Ønbmbhcn Ggp ix-am\w Bfp-Iƒ (G-I-tZiw 164 e w) hnnm-cn- p- Xv IS-I-fn Ip n-i-fn e`n- p tnmt v ]m {_u \n-d-ap ]ip- sf Id-s -Sp- p- -Xm-sW- m-wv. bp.-f-kv. sub-dn-bpss tzio-b-xe-øn \S-Ønb Hcp k tδ-bmwo hnhcw shfn-s - Sp-Øn-b-Xv. AXm-bXv s] -kn hm-\nb kwÿm-\øv hkn- p P\-kw-Jy-bvs m-ø Bfp-Iƒ v Adn-bn tnmt v ]m Xøm-dm- p- Xv ]mepw, simt m-bpw, ] -km-cbpw tn Øm-sW- v. Ata-cn- -bnse 50 kwÿm-\-ß-fn \S-Ønb k tδ-bn At\z-jn- Xv ]m Dev]- -ß-sf- - n-bp P\-ßfpsS [mc-w-sb- - n-bm-wv. tnmt v ]m D m- p- -sx-ß-s\-sb v 48% P\-ßƒ v Adn-bn-. Irjnsb- - ntbm Ahn-sS-bp- m-ip [m\y-ß-sf- - ntbm Adn-hn- m-ø-h-cmwv A[n-I-hpw. kq am - p-i-fn FØp Cd- n, [m\y-ßƒ Ch-bp-sS-sbms {]Ir- Xn-Z-Ø-ambn e`n- p Ah-ÿ-sb- p-dn v ]e pw Adn-bn-. Statement about ownership and other particulars about NAVEEKARANAM VARTHA PATHIRKA as referred to be published about under rule of Registration of News Paper (Central) Rules, 1956 FORM IV 1. Place of Publication : Thiruvalla. 2. Periodicity of Publication : Monthly. 3. Printer s Name : Rev. Sunny Abraham, Nationality : Indian, Address : Panachamoottil Bldgs., Thiruvalla-689 101. 4. Editor s Name : Rev. Sunny Abraham, Nationality : Indian, Address : Panachamoottil Bldgs., Thiruvalla-1. 5. Name and address of individuals who own the News Paper and partners or Shareholders holding more than one percent of the capital : Rev. Sunny Abraham. I, Rev. Sunny Abraham hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. (Sd/-) Rev. Sunny Abraham 01-03-2018 (Signature of Publisher)