ECEN 325 Electronics Introduction Dr. Aydın İlker Karşılayan Texas A&M University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Ohm s Law i R i R v 1 v v 2 v v 1 v 2 v = v 1 v 2 v = v 1 v 2 v = ir v = ir i = Gv i = Gv ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 1
Ohm s Law Example I 1 I 1 V 1 10 V R1 = 5Ω 10 V R1 V 1 = 5Ω V 1 = 10 V I 1 = 2 A V 1 = 10 V I 1 = 2 A ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 2
KVL & KCL KVL: Kirchoff s Voltage Law Sum of all node-to-node voltages around the closed loop is zero. KCL: Kirchoff s Current Law Sum of all currents leaving a node is zero. ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 3
KVL i1 R 1 i R 1 2 2 2 i 3 i 4 v i L1 R 3 L2 R 4 L 1 v i + i 1 R 1 + i 3 R 3 = 0 L 2 i 2 R 2 + i 4 R 4 i 3 R 3 = 0 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 4
KVL i R +ir i R ir direction of loop direction of loop V V +V V direction of loop direction of loop ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 5
KVL i 1 R 1 i 2 i 3 1 R 2 2 i 4 v i R 3 R 4 L 1 v i = i 1 R 1 + i 3 R 3 L 2 i 3 R 3 = i 2 R 2 + i 4 R 4 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 6
KVL Example 1 V CC V SS I 2 I 1 R 2 I 3 R 1 V x R 3 V CC = I 1 R 1 + I 3 R 3 V SS = I 2 R 2 + I 3 R 3 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 7
KVL Example 2 +10 V I 1 50 Ω V x I 2 I 3 10 Ω 100 Ω 5 V 10 = 50I 1 + 100I 3 5 = 10I 2 + 100I 3 10 = 50I 1 + 10I 2 5 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 8
KCL i1 R 1 i R 1 2 2 2 i 3 i 4 v i L1 R 3 L2 R 4 1 i 1 + i 2 + i 3 = 0 v 1 v i R 1 + v 1 v 2 R 2 + v 1 R 3 = 0 2 i 2 + i 4 = 0 v 2 v 1 R 2 + v 2 R 4 = 0 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 9
KCL Example 1 V CC V SS I 2 I 1 R 2 I 3 R 1 V x R 3 V x V SS R 2 + V x V CC R 1 + V x R 3 = 0 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 10
KCL Example 2 +10 V I 1 50 Ω V x I 2 I 3 10 Ω 100 Ω 5 V V x ( 5) 10 + V x 100 + V x 10 50 = 0 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 11
Linear Network Analysis Series combination Z 1 Z 2 Z Z = Z 1 + Z 2 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 12
Linear Network Analysis Parallel combination Z 1 Z 2 Z Z = Z 1 Z 2 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 13
Linear Network Analysis Voltage divider v i Z 1 Z 2 v o v o v i = Z 2 Z 1 + Z 2 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 14
Linear Network Analysis Example 1 v i R 1 R 2 R 3 v o v o v i = R 3 R 1 + R 2 + R 3 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 15
Linear Network Analysis Example 2 v o v i R 1 R 2 R 3 v o v i = R 2 R 3 R 1 + (R 2 R 3 ) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 16
Linear Network Analysis Example 3 R 2 v o v i R 1 R 3 R 4 R 5 v o v i = R 4 R 5 R 1 + (R 2 R 3 ) + (R 4 R 5 ) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 17
Linear Network Analysis i i v R v L v i C v = ir v = sli v = 1 sc i Z = R Z = sl Z = 1 sc ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 18
Linear Network Analysis Parallel RC R C Z Z = R 1 sc ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 19
Linear Network Analysis Series RC R Z C Z = R + 1 sc ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 20
Linear Network Analysis Example C 1 R 2 Z R 1 C 2 Z = 1 sc 1 + R 1 R 2 + 1 sc 2 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 21
Low-pass Network Transfer function v i R C v o v o v i = 1 sc R + 1 sc = 1 src + 1 = 1 s + 1 = T(s) = 1 RC ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 22
Low-pass Network Magnitude response T(s) = 1 s + 1 T(jω) = 1 jω + 1 T(jω) = ω 1 2 + 1 20 log T(jω) = 20 log ω 2 + 1 ω 20 log T(jω) 0 ω 20 log T(jω) 20 log 20 log ω ω = 20 log T(jω) = 20 log 2 3 db ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 23
Low-pass Network Bode magnitude plot 0 db 10 3 db ω o 10 ω (log scale) 10 db 20 db / dec 20 db 20 log T(j ω) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 24
Low-pass Network Phase response T(s) = 1 s + 1 T(jω) = 1 jω + 1 T(jω) = tan 1 ω ω T(jω) 0 ω T(jω) 90 ω = T(jω) = 45 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 25
Low-pass Network Bode phase plot 10 ω o 10 ω (log scale) 45 90 φ(ω) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 26
High-pass Network Transfer function v o v i C R v o v i = R 1 sc + R = s s + 1 RC = s s + = T(s) = 1 RC ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 27
High-pass Network Magnitude response T(s) = s T(jω) = jω = 1 s + jω + T(jω) = 1 + 1 ω 20 log T(jω) = 20 log 1 + 2 ω 1 j ω ω 20 log T(jω) 20 log ω 20 log ω 20 log T(jω) 0 ω = 20 log T(jω) = 20 log 2 3 db 2 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 28
High-pass Network Bode magnitude plot 0 db 10 3 db 10 ω (log scale) 10 db 20 db 20 db / dec 20 log T(j ω) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 29
High-pass Network Phase response T(s) = s T(jω) = jω = 1 s + jω + T(jω) = tan 1 ω 1 j ω ω T(jω) 90 ω T(jω) 0 ω = T(jω) = 45 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 30
High-pass Network Bode phase plot φ(ω) 90 45 10 10 ω o ω (log scale) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 31
STC Networks Generalized transfer function Generalized first order low-pass: T(s) = K s + 1 20 log T(jω) = 20 log K 20 log ω 2 + 1 Generalized first order high-pass: T(s) = Ks s + 20 log T(jω) = 20 log K 20 log 1 + ω 2 ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 32
Generalized Low-pass Bode magnitude plot 20 log T(j ω) 20 log K 3 db 20 db 20 db / dec 10 ω o 10 ω (log scale) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 33
Generalized High-pass Bode magnitude plot 20 log T(j ω) 20 log K 3 db 20 db 20 db / dec 10 10 ω (log scale) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 34
Amplifiers v i v o v i v o v i v o In: Differential Differential Single-ended Out: Differential Single-ended Single-ended ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 35
Voltage Amplifier Circuit model v i R o v o R i A vo v i R i : Input resistance R o : Output resistance A vo : Open-loop voltage gain ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 36
Voltage Amplifier Source and load connected R s R o v s v i R i A vo v i R L v o v o v s = R i R s + R i A vo R L R o + R L ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 37
Voltage Amplifier Cascaded R s R o1 R o2 v s v i1 R i1 A vo1 v i1 v i2 R i2 A vo2 v i2 R L v o v o v s = R i1 R s + R i1 A vo1 R i2 R o1 + R i2 A vo2 R L R o2 + R L ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 38
Transconductance amplifier Circuit model v i i o v o R i G m v i R o R i : Input resistance R o : Output resistance G m : Short-circuit transconductance gain ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 39
Voltage Amplifier Frequency response R s R o v s C i v i R i A vo v i R L v o v o v s = R i 1 sc i R s + R i 1 sc i A vo R L R o + R L = T(s) T(s) = K s + 1 K = R i R s + R i A vo R L R o + R L, = 1 (R i R s )C i ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 40
Voltage Amplifier Bode magnitude plot 20 log T(j ω) 20 log K 3 db 20 db 20 db / dec 10 ω o 10 ω (log scale) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 41
Voltage Amplifier Bode phase plot 10 ω o 10 ω (log scale) 45 90 φ(ω) ECEN 325 Electronics - Aydın İ. Karşılayan - Introduction 42