Earth Observation System and its application to disaster management and emergency response in China Prof. Meng Qingyan Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences November 22, 2011 1
After many years of hard-work, Chinese Earth Observation System (EOS) has been developed rapidly Digital provinces and digital industries are booming High resolution EOS is being constructed 11 fields are involved in earth observation technology EOS in China is being highly regarded, and is being operational and Industrialization. Global issues need the development of EOS 863 plan increases the fund in EOS Meteo-, resource, oceanic environmental series have been launched successively
Contents 1. 1. Chinese Earth Observation Satellites 2. 2. Applications for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 3. 3. Future Tendency 3
Earth Observation System in China FY -1/2/3 FY-4 HJ (4+4) Already launched X HY- 1A/1B/2A Z Y HJ-1A/1B Will be launched HY 2B/3A High-resolution Earth Observation System In Researching CEBERS- 01/02/02B, BJ-1 CBERS 02C/03/04, ZY-03 Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite Gravitational Satellite
Forming Five Major Abilities Strong design ability Advanced manufacturing ability Complete test ability Reliable launch ability Now China s space industry has formed a complete system Effective TT&C management ability 5
Meteorological Satellites FengYun(FY )meteorological satellites already launched: FY-1 sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite series FY-1A/B/C/D: weather forecasting; climate research; environmental monitoring. FY-2 geostationary orbit meteorological satellite series FY-2A/B/C/D/E: spatial environmental monitoring;cloudy 3D monitoring. FY-3 sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite series FY-3A/B:global climate and environment monitoring; fine monitoring; all spectrum monitoring. will be launched: FY-4 second generation geostationary meteorological satellite It s scheduled to be launched in 2015. Small-scale weather systems monitoring, lightning monitoring, extreme ultraviolet and X-ray solar observation, space weather monitoring and atmospheric vertical detection and microwave detection solving high track 3-D remote sensing. FY-2
Resources Satellites Earth resources satellites To Monitor flood, earthquake, coast, debris flow, Typhoon, forest fire, water pollution et al. already launched: First generation: CBERS-01/02 CBERS-01 (launched in 1999.10.14) CBERS-02 (launched in 2003.10.21) Second generation: CBERS-02B (launched in 2007.09.19) will be launched: CBERS- 02C/03/04 satellites high-resolution three-dimensional mapping satellite(zy-3) CBERS Image of Yellow River Delta taken by CBERS
Environment and Disaster Reduction Satellites Chinese Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting Small Satellites Constellation TASK: Disaster monitor and forecast; Environment monitor and forecast already launched :2 optical satellites( HJ-1A, HJ-1B) HJ-1A (launched in 2008.09.06) HJ-1B (launched in 2008.09.06) under development: HJ 4+4 satellites Basing on HJ-1A and 1B, 2 optical satellites and 4 SAR satellites will be launched. 8
Ocean satellites Ocean satellites HaiYang(HY) already launched: HY-1A (launched in 2002.05.15) for the purpose of oceanic color detection. HY-1B (launched in 2007.04.11) HY-1A s subsequent. mainly used to detect chlorophyll, suspended sediment, organic matter, sea surface temperature, dynamic changes of the coastal zone. HY-2A ocean satellite (launched in 2011.08.16) mainly used to detect Sea wind field, Wave field and height, Ocean gravity field, Ocean circulation, Sea surface temperature field. will be launched: HY-2B/3A First track image from HY-1A CCD camera. First track image from HY-1B in 2007.04.20.
Beijing-1 Small Satellite Beijing-1 (launched in 2005.10.27) Beijing-1 the fifth satellite of International Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC). jointly developed by China and the UK Surrey Satellite Technology Co. Ltd.. multispectral camera with a high resolution panchromatic imager. provide information on agriculture, water resources, environment and disaster monitoring throughout China. Mass (Kg) lifetime (year) Altitude (Km) Inclination 160 5 686 97.87 camera band payload Swath Width resolution CCD1 Panchromatic 1 24km 4m CCD2 Multispectral 3 600km 32 m 10
High-resolution Earth Observation System of Systems China will develop high-resolution earth observation system based on the platform of satellites, aircraft and stratospheric airship in the next 10 years. It is planned to build a stable earth observation system and form a complete industry chain of earth observation applications in 2020. 11
Contents 2. 2. Applications for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 12
Beichua n Collapsed houses after the earthquake Over the past decade natural disaster has created direct economic in total loss surpassed 50.8billion US dollars in China. Yushu Mud-rock flows in Zouqu Floods in Chendu
Natural Disaster Warning and Monitoring Space technology Disaster management Predisaster Disaster period Risk assessment Early warning Monitoring Support prevention preparation Emergency response Postdisaster Damage assessment Reconstruction 14
Natural Disaster Warning and Monitoring Technical Demand Disaster Information Integration Service Time
Natural Disaster Warning and Monitoring Requirement analysis 16 Before disaster Background investigation, acquisition of precursory anomaly, continuous monitoring, predicting alarm Remote sensing geophysical geometric information Environment elements background Gas abnormal of earthquake fault spatial information technology in each stage of disasters During disaster Emergency response, monitoring and warning, rapid report of disaster situation Monitoring of water variation characteristics Monitoring of forestry damage characteristics Detection of secondary disaster change Rescue path... After disaster Reconstruction after disaster Assistant analysis and evaluation of geological environment Assistant analysis and evaluation of ecological environment impact Assistant analysis and evaluation of water environment impact
Natural Disaster Warning and Monitoring Earthquark,landslide,mud-rock flows occurr often together and Land slide Rainfall Ecological environment destroy form disaster chain, it is necessary to integrate use of Earth Quark Rainfall Mudrock flows Barrier Lake information for disaster emergency and rescue. Rainfall Debris slide Public Health Disaster Disaster chain Integration of comprehensive information Disaster emergency and rescue
Pre-disaster period Simulation of Satellite orbit support for the design of disaster satellite Orbit simulation of five satellites 18
Simulation of Images Object Geometry Thermodynamic Optical Properties Sensor Model Atmospheric Database Weather Database Target and background databases with spatial and spectral variability (clutter) Radiometry Model simulation Thermal Model Fully-spectral radiation propagation Broadband, multi-,, hyper- or ultra-spectral imagery Simulated Data Products Range Gated LADAR Hyperspectral Imagery and Target Maps Thermal IR and Low-Light Light Imagery Max Intensity First/Second Peak Simulated Data Exploitation Products Obscured Target Detection Sub-Pixel Detection Performance (ROC curves) Image Fusion Demonstrations
Simulation of Images Using MODIS image simulate HJ-1A data 20
Simulation of Images target scene simulation HJ-1 1 Image and Simulation Application 21
Risk Assessment comprehensive risk distribution map of national natural disaster
Risk assessment Epidemic risk assessment after Wenchuan earthquake Epidemic risk analysis after Wenchuan earthquake with remote sensing
Early warning Earthquake Infrared Prediction 24
The research of five major earthquakes Earthquake Name Time Latitude Longitude Depth Magnitude Wenchuan 2008.5.21 31 103.4 14 8.0 Yushu 2010.4.14 33.1 96.7 33 7.1 We nan 2006.7.4 38.9 116.3 19.3 5.1 Pu er 2007.6.3 23 101.1 5 6.4 yutian 2008.3.21 35.6 81.6 33 7.3 25
Multi-parameters Analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake TBB OLR( Polar-orbiting) OLR( Static -orbiting) SLHF NCEP 5.7 5.10 4.29 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 5.10 Latent Heat at 10-May-2008 40 35 30 5.5 Daily Air temperature at 05-May-2008 8 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.4 6 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.4 5.8 5.29 5.11 5.12 5.5 5.11 26 24 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 25 95 100 105 110 Latent Heat at 11-May-2008 20 5.11 40 35 30 95 100 105 110 25 20 Latent Heat at 12-May-2008 5.12 35 30 25 20 95 100 105 110 40 90 95 100 105 110 Daily Air temperature at 06-May-2008 5.6 90 Daily 95 Air temperature 100 at 07-May-2008 105 110 5.7 26 90 95 100 105 110 4 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.4 2 8 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.4 6 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.4 4 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.4 2 8 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.4 6 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.4 4 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.4 2
Multi-parameters Analysis of YUshu Earthquake 3.3 TBB OLR( Polar-orbiting) OLR( Static -orbiting) SLHF NCEP 4.10 40 38 4.6 Latent Heat at 06-Apr-2010 Daily Air temperature at 11-Apr-2010 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 45 4.11 40 35 30 25 85 90 95 100 105 10 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 Latent Heat at 08-Apr-2010 3.24 4.14 40 38 36 34 32 4.8 45 40 4.12 Daily Air temperature at 12-Apr-2010 10 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 30 35 6.5 6 28 5.5 5 26 30 4.5 4 24 22 25 85 90 95 100 105 3.5 3 2.5 2 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 Latent Heat at 14-Apr-2010 3.25 4.18 40 38 36 34 4.14 45 40 4.13 Daily Air temperature at 13-Apr-2010 10 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.5 32 7 6.5 30 35 6 5.5 28 26 30 5 4.5 4 3.5 24 22 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 25 27 85 90 95 100 105 3 2.5 2
Multi-parameters Analysis of Wen an Earthquake TBB OLR( Polar-orbiting) OLR( Static -orbiting) SLHF NCEP Latent Heat at 26-Jun-2006 40 39 38 37 36 5.3 5.16 35 34 6.26 6.21 110 112 114 116 118 120 Latent Heat at 02-Jul-2006 40 39 38 37 36 5.23 6.13 35 34 7.2 6.23 110 112 114 116 118 120 Latent Heat at 04-Jul-2006 40 39 38 37 36 7.5 7.7 35 34 7.4 110 112 114 116 118 120 28 6.27
Multi-parameters Analysis of Pu er Earthquake TBB OLR( Polar-orbiting) OLR( Static -orbiting) SLHF NCEP 5.9 5.16 5.29 6.3 6.4 6.29 Latent Heat at 26-May-2007 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 Latent Heat at 30-May-2007 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 Latent Heat at 03-Jun-2007 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 5.26 5.30 5.30 5.31 6.3 6.2 29
Multi-parameters Analysis of Yutian Earthquake TBB OLR( Polar-orbiting) OLR( Static -orbiting) SLHF NCEP 44 Latent Heat at 18-Mar-2008 42 40 38 36 34 3.16 2.29 32 30 28 Latent Heat at 19-Mar-2008 3.18 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 3.6 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 3.17 3.20 30 28 3.19 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 3.13 Latent Heat at 21-Mar-2008 44 42 40 38 36 34 3.21 4.5 32 30 28 3.21 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 3.19 30
The results of the research Parameter Quantity The probability of abnormal Method Time characteristics Spatial Characteristics OLR 115 47% Background vorticity field Generally 15D Before Earthquake Spatial distribution of the isolated TBB 23 65% Brightness temperature offset value index Several days before Earthquake Abnormalities seen in the fracture zone around the epicenter SLHF 95 77% Eliminate the background field Two weeks before Earthquake Earthquake abnormal moves from migration to Epicenter NCEP 94 62% Temperature increment field Generally 15D Before Earthquake Earthquake Happens at the peak or near The earthquake abnormal always appears before two weeks 31
Early warning Typhoon affected area
Meteorological Disasters Monitoring Meteorological satellites data have been widely used in meteorological research, weather analysis and forecasting. Chinese large-scale drought, frequent floods, typhoons, as well as huge sandstorms, snowstorms and forest fires and so on are in observation and surveillance of China s meteorological satellites. 33
Meteorological Disasters Monitoring The process of Typhoon Saomai cross China observed by FY-1D satellite. (a) Observed at 05:58 in 2008.08.09 (b) Observed at 07:29 in 2008.08.10 34
Sandstorm monitoring Sandstorm climate distribution map using FY satellites in 2004 35
Geological Disasters Monitoring Wenchuan earthquake Aircraft Remote Sensing image Tangjiashan Barrier Lake 5 月 16 日 19 日 23 日 24 日 25 日 26 日 27 日 Water level monitoring
Snowstorm Monitoring Snowstorm Monitoring using CBERS data 2008 January 31, HY-1B coastal zone image Result: large-scale snow cover in Anhui & Jiangsu provinces 37 2008 January 31, HY-1B water color image Result: large-scale snow cover in southern provinces
Drought Monitoring The following figures show the TBB (Black body temperature) sequence charts observed by FY-2C from 2006.07 to 2006.08. Sequence charts in 2006.07 38
Drought Monitoring 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 39
Marine monitoring 2002 June15 Red tide zone observed by HY-1A CCD camera in Liaodong Bay, China. 2002 September, red tide in Donghai
Marine monitoring Actual Measurement Thickness concentration edge Forecasting Derived the results with high accuracy and timeliness through Improving forecasting initial field
Ecological Environment Monitoring 吸收 / 散射系数 (m -1 ) 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 λ 1 λ 2 λ 3 a_w ater a_c hla a_trip to n a_c D O M bb Cyanobacteria monitoring using CBERS and MODIS in Taihu lake area in 2007 0.5 0 400 500 600 700 800 波长 (nm ) 42
Post-disaster (reconstruction) Damage assessment forest fire assessment; house collapse assessment ; snow disaster assessment; stricken population assessment; Reconstruction planning after the disaster
Damage Assessment Houses damage assessment map of Wenchuan earthquake Houses damage assessment map of Haiti earthquake
Damage Assessment Damage assessment of southern snow disaster
reconstruction Reconstruction planning of Wenchuan earthquake Secondary disaster risk evaluation of mountain areas Suitability evaluation of reconstruction
Contents 3. 3. Future Tendency 47
Tendency High spatial resolution and wide coverage Improvement on precision, sub-meter -> Centimeter (margin) Improvement on efficiency, wide coverage Multi-Spectral, total band, entire angular range detecting and quantitative application of remote sensing spectral resolution to nm level Fully-polarized SAR, InSAR new spectrums Combination of small satellites and regular satellites platform->payload agile satellite with high-performance multi-pattern imagery rapid reaction and flexible operation on attitude control synchronous detecting of multi-payload 48
The end The bridge which connect data acquisition, information integration and decision-making support. Breakthrough of key technology Establishment of disaster information product system Data acquisition Data integration Information mining information integration Scientific analysis Information sharing Information Application Construction of Disaster space information infrastructure and its application
The end China is greatly developing earth observation system, the high-resolution earth observation system is being constructed and spatial information infrastructure of national natural disasters is being demonstrated. The space-aviation-ground integrated earth observation system is playing more and more important role in the disaster mitigation. China is prepared for promoting the sharing of data and information technology to cope with natural disaster with other countries together.
THANK YOU! 51