AP Biology Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Biology! This course is designed to be the equivalent of a two semester introductory biology course usually taken in the first year of college. The new AP Biology curriculum has changed this year and revolves around four main Big Ideas : Big Idea 1: The diversity and unity of life can be explained by the process of evolution Big Idea 2: Biological systems use energy and molecular building blocks to grow, reproduce and maintain homeostasis (regulation). Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond information critical to life processes. Big Idea 4: Biological systems interact, and these interactions possess complex properties. To successfully complete this course and meet all of the required objectives, you are required to do independent work both during the summer and throughout the school year. In the summer you are to review the introduction chapter as well as the Chemistry chapters of the text so that we can get right into Biological Processes at the beginning of the year. We will be using the 9 th edition of Biology by Campbell and Reece. Do NOT buy the textbook but please contact Mr. Gillespie (GillespieT@lschs.org) to set up a time to get a textbook. Mr. Gillespie will be teaching summer school from June 22 nd - July 24 th and will therefore be at school every day from 8am- 1pm, so if you would like a text that would be an ideal time to come and get one. The summer assignment can be typed or hand written in legible handwriting and is due on the first day of school. You may also email it to Mr. Gillespie or Drop Box it. If you have any questions regarding any part of the summer assignment, do not hesitate to email Mr. Gillespie and ask. AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 1
Chapter 1- Introduction: Exploring Life 1. Read the chapter thoroughly, and then define the following terms IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Essential Vocabulary Archaea Eukarya Domain Kingdom Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Evolution Species Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Controlled Experiment Control Independent Variable Dependent Variable Inductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning 2. Scientific Inquiry Describe the difference between qualitative and quantitative data. How can scientists decide which type of data they should collect? Describe the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. Why are hypotheses only used in deductive reasoning? A Case Study in Scientific Inquiry: Investigating Mimicry in Snake Populations (Pg. 21-24) For this experiment, identify the following: Question: Hypothesis: Control Group: Experimental Group: Independent Variable: Dependent Variable: Summary of Data/ Conclusions: AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 2
Does the presence of venomous coral snakes affect predation rates on their mimics, kingsnakes? What experimental results would you predict if predators throughout the Carolinas avoided all snakes with brightly colored ring patterns? 3. Big Idea 1 Why is it important that we study Biology in big ideas? How can it improve our understanding of biological concepts? In your own words, describe Darwin s theory of Natural Selection. Why is evolution considered the most important idea in Biology? AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 3
Chapter 2- The Chemical Context of Life 1. Read the chapters thoroughly, and then use the following terms to create a concept map. Use these resources to help you create the map: http://www.studygs.net/mapping/ and http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newiss_01.htm Essential Vocabulary Anion Atom Cation Chemical Equilibrium Compound Double Bond Electron Electronegativity Element Energy Hydogen Bond Ion Ionic Bond Isotope Matter Molecule Neutron Non-polar Covalent Bond Polar Covalent Bond Potential Energy Product Proton /(H + ) Reactant Structural/ Molecular Formula Valence Electron Shell Van Der Waals interactions 2. Name the six essential elements found in living things. 3. What are valence electrons? What is their role in forming compounds? 4. What are radioactive isotopes? Name 2 ways they can be used in Biology. 5. What is the relationship between molecular structure (shape) and function? 6. Describe what a chemical reaction is in terms of reactants, products and equilibrium. AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 4
7. Fill in the following chart with the information on different bond types: Bond Type Description Example of a molecule with this bond type Relative Strength (strong or weak) Non- polar Covalent Polar Covalent Ionic Hydrogen Van der Waals AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 5
Chapter 3- Water and the Fitness of the Environment 1. Read the chapter thoroughly, and then use the following terms to create a concept map. Essential Vocabulary Acid Adhesion Aqueous Solution Base Buffer Cohesion Evaporative Cooling Heat of Vaporization Hydronium Ion Hydophilic Hydrophobic Hydroxide Ion Joule (J) Kinetic Energy Molarity (Mole) ph Polarity Solute Solution Solvent Specific Heat Surface Tension 2. Draw 4 water molecules. Label their charges and show how they would connect through hydrogen bonding. 3. Fill out the following chart with information regarding water s emergent properties: Emergent Property Cohesive Properties Cohesion Adhesion Surface Tension Moderation of Temperature High Specific Heat Evaporative Cooling Ice as an Insulator Description- Why does this property occur? Example and Important to Living Organisms Universal Solvent AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 6
4. ALL of water s emergent properties are a result of. 5. Define ph. Draw the ph scale and label: strong and weak acid AND strong and weak base. 6. What is a hydronium ion? Is it acidic, basic or neutral? 7. What is a hydroxide ion? Is it acidic, basic or neutral? 8. Why is pure water neutral? 9. Describe what a buffer is and give an example of how they are important for the survival of certain organisms. 10. What is acid precipitation and what causes it? How does it affect the environment? AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 7
Chapter 4- Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 1. Read the chapter thoroughly, and then define the following terms IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Essential Vocabulary Enantiomer Functional Group Geometric Isomer Hydrocarbon Organic Chemistry Structural Isomer 2. What makes a molecule organic? 3. It is often said that Carbon is a versatile element. Why can it form so many different structures and molecules? 4. Compare and contrast structural isomers, geometric isomers and enantiomers. Give an example of each. 5. What are functional groups and why are they important? AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 8
6. Fill in the following chart with information on the functional groups: Functional Group Formula/ Structure Compounds they are contained in Properties Amino Carbonyl Carboxyl Hydroxyl Methyl Phosphate Sulfhydryl 7. Which functional group do you think is most important for life? Explain why. AP Biology Summer Assignment Page 9
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