Overview of Philippine Geohazards Programs 53 rd CCOP Annual Session CCOP-IUGS Task Group on Geohazards Joint Seminar Cebu City, PHILIPPINES October 18, 2017 Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Department of Science and Technology Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology THE PHILIPPINES: A COUNTRY PRONE TO MANY NATURAL HAZARDS Typhoon Storm surge Flood Landslide Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption 1
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards An average of 20 tropical cyclones affects the country annually These are accompanied by heavy rains and strong winds that may produce floods, landslides and storm surges Other weather systems bring rains Typhoon Yolanda, 2013 (Y It Happened) Tropical Cyclone Ondoy, 2009: Flood in Metro Manila and Nearby Provinces Source: Associated Press Heavy rain and strong winds PhP 11 billion damage to infrastructure and agriculture Affected 4.9 million people 464 killed, 529 injured, 37 missing 15,800 families or 70,000 people sheltered in evacuation area * NDCC 2
Severe Wind and Storm Surge in Eastern Visayas Due to Tropical Cyclone Yolanda, 2013 6183 died 36.7 billion pesos total damage NDRRMC 2006 Guinsaugon, St. Bernard Landslide deep, slide surface 80 meters below 21 million cubic meters ~ 1000 dead 281 houses totally damaged; whole village covered Guinsaugon was fronting a steep slope, which is heavily fractured and covered by an old landslide deposit 3
Geological Hazards SEISMICITY OF THE PHILIPPINES The country hosts ~300 volcanoes, of which, 24 are considered active More than 90 destructive earthquakes, 40 tsunamis since 1600s 1976 M7.9 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami First tsunami wave reported within 2 to 5 minutes of the main shock Tsunami height up to 9 meters Death ~6000 Injury ~8000 Rendered homeless ~90,000 Damage PhP400 million (1976 value) Village inundated by tsunami 4
M7.8 July 16, 1990 Luzon Earthquake Affected north and central Luzon Casualties: Dead 1,283 Injured 2,786 Missing 321 Houses and Buildings Damaged: Total 25,305 Partial 77,249 Estimated total damage: PhP 12.225 B * NDCC 1991 Pinatubo Eruption 10.1 Billion pesos (~$ 230 Million) worth of property, infrastructure, agricultural crops and forest land destroyed More than a million people affected; 20,000 Aetas displaced ~ 300 fatalities from eruption SACOBIA PYROCLASTIC FLOW FAN, 1991 5
Goals of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Reduce losses Ensure effective and efficient disaster response Fast recovery, build better Key Actions for DRRM Know Hazards and Risks <- Hazard and Risk Assessment Monitor <- Monitoring Warn and Disseminate Information <- Communication Respond Appropriately and Timely <- Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Recovery 6
HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT Department of Science and Technology (DOST) PHIVOLCS earthquake, tsunami and volcano-related hazards and scenarios PAGASA flood and storm surge hazard; climate change scenarios Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) MGB flood and landslide NAMRIA aerial photography and remote sensing, topographic base mapping, geoportal development Academe *DOST funded projects: DREAM-LiDAR (LiDAR topography, flood hazards; NOAH (rain-triggered landslide, storm surge) 7
Geohazards Programs of MGB-DENR Major focus on rain-related hazards (Landslides and Flood mapped at 1:50,000 to 1:10,000 scale), sinkhole and coastal geohazards PHIVOLCS VOLCANIC HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Taal Volcano Base Surge Hazard Map Mayon Volcano Lahar Hazard Map 8
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Earthquake hazard mapping: active faulting, ground shaking, liquefaction, landslide and tsunami PHIVOLCS ACTIVE FAULTS MAPPING AND PALEOSEISMOLOGY CEBU FAULT SYSTEM: CENTRAL CEBU FAULT 9
READY PROJECT (Hazard Mapping and Assessment for Effective Community-Based Disaster Risk Management) CSCAND Team (PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, MGB, NAMRIA, OCD) - Multi-hazard maps (hydro-meteorological and geological of1:50,000, 1:10,000 to 1:5000) for 30 provinces Cavite - Flood Cavite Ground Shaking Cavite Liquefaction Cavite Tsunami DOST PROJECT NOAH (National Operational Assessment of Hazards) - DREAM (LIDAR Mapping and Flood Assessment) - Landslide Mapping - Storm Surge Mapping 10
RISK ASSESSMENT OF URBAN AREAS Conducted earthquake risk assessment for Metropolitan Manila and surrounding four provinces Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study, 2004 Greater Metro Manila READY Project (2015) Conducted multihazard risk assessment (earthquake, flood and severe wind) for Metropolitan Manila Risk Analysis Project, 2013 Building Damage & Casualty Estimates FOR METRO MANILA FROM A WEST VALLEY FAULT EARTHQUAKE M7.2 M6.5 Total Floor Area in Complete 88,142,000 65,407,000 to Collapsed Damage (sqm) Total Floor Area in Slight 172,924,000 162,799,000 to Extensive Damage (sqm) Total Fatalities (Death) 31,000 23,000 Total Injuries Very Serious 14,000 10,000 Serious 112,000 85,171 Slight 385,000 302,000 Total Economic Losses (millions of PhP) 2,269,000 1,773,000 Risk Analysis Project, 2013 PHIVOLCS, UP-ICE, GA (AusAID) 11
Development of Risk Assessment Tool Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System Hazard assessment module - tools for assessing earthquake hazards; preparing scenarios - static maps of various hazards (geological, hydro-meteorological) can be integrated Exposure data base module - contains database of elements at risk which can be updated by local government Impact assessment module - can estimate damage to buildings, casualty, economic loss * Interoperable with QGIS, being shared with local governments, national agencies, academic partners and industry OTHER RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS With Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) Earthquake Impact Assessment Module Flood Loss Assessment Tool Severe Wind Impact Modelling Module 12
HAZARD AND RISK INFORMATION THROUGH WEB AND PHONE APPLICATIONS The PHIVOLCS FaultFinder (locate the nearest active fault from a specified location or the named barangay). The NAMRIA Philippine Geoportal and PHIVOLCS Geoportal (web-gis based portal, to view and collate multihazard and risk maps) The DOST funded project DREAM - LIDAR (shares LiDAR, flood hazard and resource maps) lipad.dream.upd.edu.ph www.geoportal.gov.ph http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph http://geomatics.phivolcs.dost. gov.ph:8080/geoportal/ MONITORING AND WARNING 13
Weather and Climate Monitoring by PAGASA RESPONSE/ ACTION 1. Public weather forecasts 2. Shipping forecast 3. Weather Bulletins a) Weather Advisory b) Tropical Cyclone Alert c) Tropical Cyclone Warning d) Tropical Cyclone Warning for Shipping 4. Gale Warning 5. Rainfall Warning PHIVOLCS Volcano Monitoring Network Integrated Multi-Parameter Volcano Monitoring Pinatubo Taal Mayon Bulusan Earthquake GPS Visual IP Camera Observation Station w/o LOS Observa tion Station w/ LOS Repeater Station Satellite Kanlaon Hibok-hibok Matutum Parker Observatory Head Office 14
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE MONITORING NETWORK 96-station network (seismographs) Data Receiving Center at Main Office Unmanned stations with satellite communication Digital Seismic Record TSUNAMI MONITORING AND WARNING Network Real-time tide gauges Community tsunami detection & warning system Existing *19 (PHIVOLCS thru JICA) 5 (PTWC, RIMES, GLOSS) 5 (PHIVOLCS thru Satreps) 10 (PHIVOLCS) on-going completion PHIVOLCS thru JICA PHIVOLCS Community Tsunami Detection 15
Tsunami Detection Stations Community Tsunami early Warning System PHIVOLCS Cell Site PHIVOLCS/ASTI and LGUs Tsunami Visualization and Decision Tool Communities Early Warning System for Deep-Seated Landslide Schematic diagram of monitoring system. The monitoring system at 50 sites uses sensors that measure tilt and soil moisture placed every one (1) meter node of a borehole setup 16
DOST s R&D Agenda for DRR-CCAM Priorities 1. Observation and Monitoring Networks 2. Technology Development and Application for Monitoring 3. Modeling and Simulation for Improvement of Monitoring and Forecasting 4. Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 5. Warning and Risk Communication 6. Technology Development and Application for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation 7. Technology Development and Application for Disaster Risk Management 8. Policy Research SUMMARY The Philippines Geohazards Programs focus on: - Hazards and Risk Assessment - Monitoring - Warning and Information Dissemination - Appropriate and timely actions These are continuing programs to guide whole of society s involvement to reduce disaster risks. 17
THANK YOU. www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph /PHIVOLCS @phivolcs_dost 18