D -S w. FUn-t m-dn-b t_m Uv s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv si.-hn. Cuk-t mb si.hn. l timb ]n.-fw. _jo AlvaZv sf.si. AlvaZv Ip n

2010 am v ln.i 1389 Aa 1431 d: AΔ d: BJ ]pkvxiw 82 e w 3 hcn-kwjy 150 I. H {]Xn 15 I. 4 5 6 7 10 13 14 17 19 bpk-i_vzw apj- p-dn v Ckvemw kam-[m\w Biw-kn- p axw ]cn-ip- - msc ]nimnv kv] in- p- n lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) JpXzv_ "kemw' hym]n- n- pi lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv tej\w \ -bnepw ssÿcy-ønepw amxr-i-bm-hww lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) kwkoxw Ckveman A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amtWm? lzvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZv Jeo-^-Øp akolv AlvaZn hnzym -ni-tfmsv indmkv AlvaZv Ckveman-\p-ta IpØ-Im-h-Im-itam? ^uknb _mpvh, I\U Jp -B lrz-b-øn\v Huj[w Fw.-Fkv. No^v FUn- : aplωzv Ckvam-bn Mob : 9446656123 FUn- : G. Fw. apl-ωzv kenw Mob : 9895263384, E-mail: salimqld@yahoo.in amt\-p : AlvaZv l Mob : 9446482108 Akn. amt\-p si.-fw. AlvaZv timb k p-te-j amt\-p Fkv. apl-ωzv kenw 1925 ÿm]nxw Hcp \q m nt\ms-sp- p ae-bm-f-ønse GI CkvemanI ni {]kn- o-i-cww D -S w FUn-t m-dn-b t_m Uv s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv si.-hn. Cuk-t mb si.hn. l timb ]n.-fw. _jo AlvaZv sf.si. AlvaZv Ip n {]hm-n-i-k-aq-lhpw shfn-]m-sp-ifpw k k^-dp- mlv Jm (d) krjvsn amlmflyw: {]]- -\n Ωn-Xn-bnepw a\p-jy-kr-jvsn- nepw \ntem-^ kp Øm-\, timgn-t msv ]ptcm-k-xn-bn-te v IpXn- p \n `-b-amb Pam-AØv apl-ωzv Da, F v.-f. `mhnsb kw_- n- p A p-x-i-c-amb Nne {]h-n-\-ßƒ F.-Iyp. alvzn sszh-øns AkvXnXzw: A n-a-sx-fnhv A\p-`-h- m\w d^n AlvaZv, Ata-cn ap_m-l-e-bpss ZrjvSm w "{]t_m[\'øn\p adp-]sn 8 ]n.-f. apl-ωzv keow simsp-ß- q IhnX Dƒhnfn F v.-f-kv. Imh-t»cn Ipdn- p-iƒ PamAsØ Ckv emansb s]mxp-k-aqlw Xncn- -dn-bp p hnemkw kxy-zq-x, Pn. F v. tdmuv, timgn-t m-sv. ^mivkv : 0495 2721609 e-mail: sathyadoothan@ahmadiyya.com Printed & Published by M.A. Muhammed, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Jama-at at Geethanjali Offset Press, Feroke, Calicut Edited by A. M. Muhammed Salim. Typeset, Layout & Cover Design : Victory Creations, Calicut - 1. 21 23 26 28 31 33 39 40

kxyzqx Jp -B-\n \n v hniz-kn- -h-tc, \nß-fp-ts-x- m Ø hosp-i-fn, B ho pim-tcmsv A\p-aXn tnmzn- p-ibpw Ah v kemw snm p-ibpw snbvxn- - msx \nßƒ {]th-in- -cp-xv. AXmWv \nßƒ v KpW-I-cw. \nßsf (\ Imcy-ßƒ) Ft mgpw Hm Ωn- n- phm th n(bmwo D]-tZ-iw) (24:28) \_n-h-n\w Dkmam C_v\p sskzn \n pw \nth-z\w: dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) apkvenwi-fpw _nw_m-cm-[-i-cpw PqX- mcpw AS-ßnb Hcp Bƒ q- -Øn-\- cn-in-eqss \S- p-t]m-ip-i-bm-bn-cp p. At mƒ Ah tcmsv Xncp-ta-\n(-k) kemw snm p-i-bp- m-bn. (_p-jm-cn, apkvenw) bp-k-i_vzw F m-h pw \ Imw n- pi lzvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) GIssZ-h-Øn hniz-kn- pi F Xvt]mse Xs kakr-jvsn-i-tfmsv A\p-I-º-tbmSpw kln-jvwp-xm`m-htømspw IqSn h Øn- pi F Xpw \ΩpsS ax-øns H pw A{]-[m-\-a- mø Hcp D]-tZ-i-am-Ip- p. AXn-\m AXym-h-iyhpw KpW-I-c-hp-amb Hcp Imcy-Øn-\p-th n A{X Bh-iy-a- m-ø-xns\ Dt]- n- pi F Xv ax-hntcm-[-a-. ax-[ Ωw F m sszhw hntcm-[-n kwk-xn-i-fn \ns mw Hgn- p-\n p-ibpw Ahs kie kr-jvsn-iƒ pw \ bpw D]-Im-chpw snøp- Ibpw F m-h-tcmspw A\p-Iº ImWn- p-ibpw temiøv h k Δ-{]-hm-N- I- m-cpw AXXv ImeØv a\p-jysc \ m nøo p- -Xn\v Fgp-t n- s Znhy-Zq-X- mcpw ]cn-jv Øm- -fpamsw v hniz-kn- p-ibpw Ah-cpsS CS-bn hyxymkw I n- m-xn-cn- p-ibpw F m a\p-jy-tcmspw Zbm-]q Δw s]cp-am-dp-ibpw snøpi F -Xm-Ip- p. (ss]-kmsa kp lv) 4 92

2010 am v apj- p-dn v Ckvemw, kam-[m\w Biw-kn- p- axw kam-[m\w F Xv GsXmcp PohnX XXzimkv{X-Øn-t bpw e y-am-wv. {Ia-k-am-[m-\-Øn-e-[njvTn-X-amb, _ln `m-k-ÿhpw bm{ n-i-hp-amb kmaq-lni kam-[m\w sim v `uxn-i-cm-jv{sob {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-ßƒ Xr]vXn-s -Sp- p. F m bym kam-[m\w F Xv Hmtcm a\p-jyt bpw Bflm-hn thcp-i-fp Hcp A\p-`-hhpw kmaq-ln-im-h-ÿ-bp-am-wv. kam-[m\w F A w hcp "Ckvemw' F ]Zw kw m-\m-a-ambn kzoi-cn CkvemwaX-Øn Hmtcm AWp-hnepw {Xkn p \nev p- Xv Cu kam-[m-\-hm-rvo-bm-wv. Ckvemw ax-øns ka-kvx-km-chpw kw{kln {]m -\m-\n `-chpw km Δ-eu-InI-hp-amb im n-a-{ -amwv Ckvemw AXns A`n-hm-Z-\hN- \-ambn kzoi-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. a\p-jy ]c-kv]cw I p-ap- p-tºmƒ kt m-jhpw kvt\-lhpw {]I-Sn- n- m hmkvcqt]- Wtbm AwK-hnt -]-ß-fn-eq-sStbm A`n-hm-Z-\-ßƒ ssiam-dp coxn F m am\-h-kw-kvim-c-ßfnepw Zriy-am-Wv. bqtdm-]y- m KpUvtam Wn-ßv, KpUv Cuh-\nwßv F o A`-n-hm-Z-\-ßƒ Biwkn p lkvx-zm\w snøp p. `mc-xob ssien \a-kvimcw, \akvtx F p ]d v Iq pssi Db ØemWv. tdma- m I p-ap- p-tºmƒ Salve (B-tcm-Ky-hm- m-cm-bn-cn- -s ) F pw ]ncn-bp-tºmƒ Vale (\- Xp hc-s ) F pw ]d-bp- p. Ckvemw kzoi-cn A`n-hm-Z-\-coXn AXns Bi-b-{]-Im-i\w IqSn-bmWv. I p-ap- p-tºmƒ "A -emap Asse pw' (Xm -fn kam-[m-\-ap- m-hs ) F {]m -\-tbm-sp-iq-snb Biw-kbmWv A`n-hm-Z-\-h-N-\-ambn ]d-bm-dv. {]Xy-`n-hmZyw "h Asse pap emw h dlvaøp- mln' (Xm ƒ pw kam-[m-\hpw sszh-øns A\p-{K-lhpw D m-hs ) F p-amwv. AtXmsSm w lkvx- Zm\w snbvxv hehpw CShpw Benw-K\w snøp-ibpw snøp p. k Δ-tcm-Spap Cu A`n-hm-Z-\- coxn apkvenw cmpy-ß-fn hym]-i-ambn ImWmw. dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) apkvenwi-f-pw, _nw_m-cm-[- Icpw PqX- mcpw AS-ßnb Hcp kz- n- -cn-in-eqss IS- p-t]m-ip-tºmƒ kemw snm n-b-xmbn {]_-e-amb lzokv {KŸ-ß-fn ]d-bp- p. ]t, F m Imcy-Øn-ep-sa- -t]mse k p-nnxa\- kvi-cmb Nne apkvenw ]fin-x- m, a\p-jy-k-aq-l-øn\v km Δ-P-\o\-ambn Ckvemw kωm-\n Cu Biw-km-h-N\w Xß-fpsS CjvS- m pw kz - m pw kz w I n-bn s - -h pam{x-ambn Npcp- n-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Jeo-^-Øp akolv (A-ø-Z-lp) CuønsS \S-Ønb JpXzv_bn CkvemanI A`n-hm-Z-\-co-Xn-bpsS Cu km Δ-eu-InI XXzw Du n- -d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. CXv kw_- n v hnip Jp -Bs Hcp hn\w Cßs\-bm-Wv: Hcp A`n-hm-Z\w sim v \nßƒ Biw-kn- -s - m AXn-t\- mƒ DØ-amb H p-sim v \nßƒ (Xn-cn p Atßm- pw) Biw-kn- p-i. AYhm (A-Xp-X-s ) Atßm pw as- p-i. Xo - bmbpw A mlp F m Imcy-ß-sf- p-dn pw IW-s -Sp- p- -h-\m-ip- p. (4:87) Ckvemans kam-[m-\-]q Æ-amb A`n-hm-Z-\-h-N\w temiw apg-ph hym]n- n- m apkvenwiƒ {ian-t - -Xm-Wv. 93 5

kxyzqx lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) Nn ]cn-ip- - msc ]nimnv kv] in- p- n Nnebm-fp-Isf ]nim-nns A[n-Im-c-Øn\v hnt[-b-s -Sp-Øns m v \n _- -]q Δw \c- I-Øn\v A l-cm- nøo p hn[w hnip Jp -B hn[n- p psh v [cn- p- Xv Kpcp-X-c-amb sx mwv. adn v k Δ-i- \mb sszhw Jp -B- \n ]d-bp- -Xv, Xo -bmbpw Fs Zmk- cpss-ta \n\ v (]n-im-nn-\v) Hcp kzm[o-\hpw D m-bn-cn- p- -X- (15:43) F m-wv. Hm pi, G hpw kphy- -am-bn- mwv Jp -B a\pjys kzmx-{ ysø n tlmjn- p- Xv. \oxn-am-\mb Hcm-fpsS a\- ns\ Xr]vXn-s - Sp-Øm Cusbmscm- hn\w am{xw axn. F m aøm-bnbpss kphn-tijw \tωmsv as mcp IY-bmWv ]d-bp- -Xv. tbip-hns\ ]nimnv {]tem-`n- n psh mwv aømbn ]d-bp- -Xv. CXn-\ w ]nim-nn\v Hcp ]cn-ip- -\mb {]hm-n-is\ Hcp ÿeøv \n v as mcp ÿetø v \n _- -]q Δw {]bm Ww snøn- m\pw X\n v ap n {]Wan n- m\pap A[n-Imcw e`n psh m-wv. am{x-a, ]nimnv tbip-hns\ Hcp ae-ap-i-fn sim p-t]mbn `qan-bnse F m km{am-py-ßfpw AXns {]uvnbpw ImWn- psim-spøpsh pw ]d-bp- p. (aømbn 4:1 8 ImWpI). CXv \ Ip kqn\ ]nim- Nn\v Znhy-i- n-iƒ Ds - m- Wv. tbip-hns\ Xs C v hncp- -ambn ]nimnv Xs A[oim-[-n-Im-c-Xz-Øn D -X-amb ae-ap-i-fn-te v sim p-t]m-bn sszh-øn\p am{xap i n- Iƒ {]tbm-kn psim v tbiphn\v `qan-bnse km{am-py-ßsf mw Im n-s m-sp-øpsh v Cu hn\w ]d-bp p: Hcp hn`mkw P\-ßsf \n _- -]q Δw \c-i-øn-\pth n ]S psht m Ah-cpsS lrzbw ap{z-sh- -s - p-sht m Jp -B ]Tn- n- p- p-sh v Bsc- nepw Icp-Xp- p-sh- n Ah icn-bm-b-co-xn-bn Jp - B ]Tn- n- n-. alxzhm\mb sszhw Jp -B-\n F mwv ]d- n-cn- p- -sx v {i n- pi: ]nim-nns\ A`n-kw-t_m- [\ snbvxv A- mlp ]d-bp- p: "Xo -bmbpw \ns -s m pw a\p-jy-cn \n v \ns ]n ] nb as - m-h-sc-s m pw Rm \ciw \nd- p- -XmWv' (2:86). CXv hy -am- p- Xv, bm sxmcp Imc-W-hp-an- msxb A mlp Bfp-Isf i]n- p- sx m-wv. AØ-c- m-cpss Zpjv{]-hrØn aqew kºm-zn- p- -XmWv AØcw im]ßƒ. Jp -B ]d-bp- p: "CXp-hgn A mlp ]etcbpw hgn-sx- n-b-h-cmbn hn[n- p- p. ]etcbpw kxy-ønte v hgn \S-Øp-Ibpw snøp- p.' (2:27) (PwsK apj-±-kv) 6 94

2010 am v lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv Jeo-^-Øp akolv V "kemw' hym]n- n- pi lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv (AøZlp mlv) Jeo-^-Øp akolv V e -\nse ss_øp ^pøq-ln 19-2- 2010 \S-Ønb JpXzv_bpsS {]k- -`mkw "l "lko_v' F ]ZØns \nl phnep- A w IW-s -Sp- p- -h, IW- -\p-k-cn v {]Xn-Icn p -h Fs m-s -bm-wv. Cu KpWßƒ temiøv Hcp a\p-jy-\nepw ]q Æ-ambn ImWm km[y-a-. CXn ]cn-]q ÆX A m-lp-hn\v am{xta-bp- q. AXp-sIm v Xs Ahs khn-tij KpW-\m-a-ß-fn H v A l-ko_v F XmWv. A m-lp-hn am{xta Cu ]d-b-s khn-ti-j-x- Iƒ ImWm km[n- p-i-bp- p. \ΩpsS hnhn[ Ah-ÿ-Iƒ -\p-kr-x-ambn Xs khnti-j-kp-wßƒ Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw {]I-S-am- p- -h-\m-wv A m-lp. hnip Jp -B-\n ]e hn-\-ß-fn-embn Cu kn^-øn-s\- p-dn v {]Xn-]m-Zn- ncn- p- p. AXn Nne hn-\-ßƒ am{xw \nß-fpss apºn sh p- -Xm-Wv. hnhn[ I ]-\-I-fp-ambn _ -s - psim pw Pm{KX-s -Sp-Øp- - coxn-bnepamwv A mlp Cu khn-ti-j-kp-ww hnhn[ kμ `-ß-fnembn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- Xv. Jp -B hn-\-øn A mlp ]d-bp- p. Hcp A`n-hm-Z\w sim v \nßƒ Biw-kn- s - m AXn-s\- mƒ DØ-a-amb H psim v \nßƒ (Xncn v Atßm- pw) Biw-kn- p-i.-a-yhm (AXp Xs ) Atßm pw as- pi. Xo -bmbpw A mlp F m- Im-cy-ß-sf- p-dn pw IW-s -Sp- p- -h-\m-ip- p. (4:87) CkvemanI I ]-\-I-fn ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp I ]-\-sb- p-dn- mwv Cu Bb-Øn ]d- ncn- p- -Xv. CXn kz w Bfp-I-tfmSv \ coxnbn s]cp-am-dpisb v am{x-a A\y-tcmSpw hfsc hnim-elrz-b-tøm-spiqsn s]cp-am-dpisb kam- \-X-I-fn- mø A ym-]\amwv \ In-bn- p -Xv. Cu Bb-Øn apkvenwiƒ ]c-kv]cw \ Imcy-ßƒ snøpisb v am{x-a ]d- Xv, Hcmƒ \ coxnbn \nß-tfmsv s]cp-am-dpitbm \nßtfmsv kemw ]dbpitbm \nß-fpss Bflo-bhpw `uxn-ihpamb Ahÿ \ m- n-xo p {]m \ \ Ip Itbm snbvxm AXn-s\- m-fp-]cnbmbn Ah v th n ZpB snøpi F -XmWv \nß-fpss I Øhyw. CXvv \nß-fpss kz`m-h-]-chpw kmaqlnihpamb IS-a-bm-sW v a\- n-em- p-i. C{]- Imcw {]h Øn- n-s - n A m-lp-hn\v apºn \mw adp-]sn ]d-tb- -Xmbn hcpw. Cu khn-ti-jx Ckveman am{x-am-wp- -Xv. ]c-kv]cw IqSn- mgvn-iƒ \S-Øp-tºmƒ {]txyi Dt±-iy-Øn-e-[n-jvTn- X-amb hm p-iƒ ssiamdpisb hnim-c-am-wv CXv sim p-t±-in- p- Xv ]c-kv]cw I p-ap- ptºmƒ A -emap Asse pw F v ]dbm-\mbn I ]n- n-cn- p- p. AXm-bXv, \nßƒ v kam-[m-\- ap- m-i-s, \nßƒ F m-hn[ hnj-a-ß-fn \n pw kpc- n-x-cm-i-s. Cu {]m \ lrz-b-øns Bg-ß-fn \n mwv hcp- -sx- n AXn-eqsS kvt\lhpw kmtlm-z-cyhpw D m-hpibpw F mhn[ shdp- p-ifpw C m-xm-hp-ibpw snøp p. AXp-t]mse Btcm-SmtWm kemw ]d-bp- Xv Ah Cu hnim-cw am\n- psim v DØ-a-amb coxn-bn adp-]sn \ Ip-I. AXns G hpw DØa-amb coxn 95 7

- kxyzqx ha-sse pap kemw F -Xm-Wv. IqsS h dlv aøp- mln h _-d- m-øplp F v IqSn-bp v. A mlphns A\p-{K-l-ßfpw \nß-tfm-ssm- -ap- m-i-s. As - n Ipd- Xv \nßƒ v e`n- -Xpt]m-se-Xs Xncn v Ah-tcmSpw ]d-bp-i. Cu hkvxpx kaq-l-øn im n ]c-øp H msw v am{x-a, \_n (k) hfsc Kuc-h-ambn apkvenwisf D]-tZ-in- Hcp Imcyw IqSn-bm-WnXv. AXm-bXv \nßƒ kemw ]d-b ioe-am- p-i. klm-_m- ƒ C m-cy-øn ]c-kv]cw a -cn p apt -dp-am-bn-cp- p. C m-cy-sø {]m_ey-øn hcp-øm-\mbn dkq (k) F{]-Im-c-amWv {i n- pam-bn-cp- -Xv, Fß-s\-bmWv klm-_m- fn kemw ]d-bp ioew D m- m-\mbn in Ww \ In-bXv XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒ Nne lzo-kp-i-fn ImWm-hp- -Xm-Wv. lzvdøv J Z- _n lw_ \nth-z\w snøp- p : k^vbm _n Daøm, dkq (k) s k n- [n-bnte v Fs ]mepw, am\n-d- nbpw sh -cn-bpambn Ab- p. Rm \_n (k)s ASptØ v A\p-hmZw hmßmsxbpw kemw ]d-bmsxbpamwv Ib-dn-s Xv. Ft msv dkq (k) ]d- p: "BZyw \o ]pdøv t]mbn ho pw kemw ]d v A\phmZw tnmzn v AIØv {]th-in- p-i. Hcp Ip nbmwv h ncn- p- Xv, Ah A\p-hm-Z-sam pw tnmzn- msx h mepw {]iv\-an F v hnnm-cn- msx \_n(k) DSs\Øs Bh-iy-amb coxnbn in Ww \ Ip-I-bm-bn-cp- p. D X kz`mhkpw-ßƒ- sndp-{]m-b-øn Xs Ip n-isf ]Tn- n-t - -Xm-Wv. as mcp Imcyw A\p-hm-Z-an- msx Hcp ho nepw {]th-in- -cp-sx -XmWv. Ft mgpw A\phmZw hmß-ww. A\p-hmZw hmßp- -Xn\v G hpw DØ-a-amb coxn kemw ]d-bpi F -Xm-Wv. kvt\ lm -co- -ap- m-ip hn[-øn-emwv A\p-hmZw hmtß- -Xv. ]c-kv]cw \nß-fpss lrz-b-ß-fn \n v {]m -\-Iƒ D m-iww. kemw ]d-bp- bmƒ as m-cmƒ v kemw ]d-bp-tºmƒ adp-`m-køv \n v kemw Xncn v e`n p- p. CXv ZpB-I-fpsS Hcp irwje Xs bmwv. dkq (k)klm-_m ƒ v \n _- nx kml-n-cy-øn _mkm-dn Ccn- m- \p A\p-hmZw \ In-b-t mƒ hgn-bpss IS-a-Isf- p-dn v D]-tZ-in- psim v ]d p ; \nßƒ hgntbm-c-ß-fn-eqss hcp- -h-tcmspw t]mip- -h-tcmspw kemw ]d-bp-i. C mcyw hfsc Kuc-h-ambn FSp- 8 p- -Xns Imc-Ww Hcp apavan as mcp apavan \ns kam-[m-\-imw- n-bm-wv F p- XvsIm mwv. apkvenwiƒ Nn n- p-i-bm-sw- n Ckvemans kam-[m\ ÿm]-\-øn-\m-bp A ym-]-\-ß-fn Cu Hcp I ]\ Xs bmwv kam-[m-\-øn\pw kvt\l-øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ip- sx v a\- n-em-ip- - Xm-Wv. F m \n `m-ky-h-im A m-lp-hns I ]-\-Isf Xnc-kv -cn- p apkvenwiƒxs a v apkvenwi-fpss Igp-Ø-dp- p-ibmwv snøp- -Xv. klm-_m- ƒ kemw ]d-bp ImcyØn hfsc {i n- n-cp- p. Hcn- Hcp klm_n as mcp klm- _n-bpss ASpØv h p ]d- p. \ap v _mkmdn t]mbn-h-cmw. Ah _mkm-dn ]e `mkøpw t]mbn h p.]t, H pw hmßmsx-bmwv Xncn ph -Xv. Ipd v Znh-k-ßƒ v tijw ho pw B klm_n at klm-_nbpss ASpØv h p ]d- p; C v _km-dn t]mbn p hcmw.at klm_n ]d p: Fs - nepw hmßm-\p-s - nte Rm hcp- p q. A msx Ign {]mhiyw t]mb-xpt]mse H pw hmßm-sx- Xn-cn v h-cp- -Xns {]tbm- P-\-sa- mwv? klm_n ]d- p: "Rm _mkm-dn t]mip- -Xp-Xs a p- -h v kemw ]d-bm-\pw Ah vth n ZpB snøm\pw Ah-cpsS adp-]sn kzoi-cn- m\pw kemw hym]n- p- -Xn-t bpw ioeam- p- -Xn-t bpw I ]\ ]men- m-\pw th n-bm- Wv.' CXmWv klm-_m- -fpss Ah-ÿ. \n m-csa v txm p I ]-\-Iƒ- t]mepw Ah hfsc Kuc-h-tØmsS snbvxp-t]m- p. AlvaZn-Iƒ {]txy- I-ambn C m-cy-øn {i n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. \ coxn-bn adp-]sn ]d-bm\pw {i n-t - XmWv. CXv Xs -bmwv \Ωnepw \ΩpsS kaq-l-ønepw Np p- ]m-sp-i-fnepw kam-[m-\-øn-s bpw kvt\l-øns bpw A -co w krjvsn- p- -Xv. AXmWv a\pjys ]c-kv]c hnim-c-ßsf am\n- p kz`m-hw \Ωnep- m- p- -Xv. A mlp ]d-bp- p: \nßƒ a p- -h v A`n-hm-Z-\-ßƒ A n- m Xo -bmbpw AXns {]Xn-^ew \nßƒ v e`n- p- -Xm-Wv.- kvt\l-øns Ic-ßƒ ]nsn- p-ibpw -{]m -\ v {]m \ aptj\ adp-]sn \ Ip-Ibpw snøp tºmƒ Xo -bmbpw {]Xn-^ew e`n- p- -Xm-Wv. F m AXv Xnc-kvI-cn- p-i-bm-sw- n A mlp ]d-bp- p: Rm Abm-fpsS IW-s -Sp- p- -Xm- Wv. C m-e-l Øn lzvdøv akolv auduzv 96

2010 am v (A) kam-[m-\- ZqX-\mbn h psh -Xpw kam-[m-\- ÿm-]-\-øn-\p Hcp am -amwv. temiøv kam- [m\w ÿm]n- p- -Xn\pw bym -amb klh ØnØzØn\pwth n At±lw hfsc thz-\- tbmss Xs {KŸ-ß-fn Fgp-Xn-t m p. F m s]mxp-hmbn `qcn-] apkvenwiƒ Dƒs kaqlw AXv kzoi-cn n-s v am{x-a-, sszh-i ]-\bv v hncp- -ambn At±-lsØ A]-Io Øn-s -Sp-Øp- Ibpw iim-c-hm- p-iƒ snmcn- p-sim- n-cn- p- Ibpw snbvxp. Xm sszh\nbp- -\m-sw pw \nß-fpss \ bv v th nbpw \nßsf sszh-hpambn _ n- n- p Xn\pw th n-bpamwv A mlp Xs Ab- n-cn- p- -sx v apkvenwisf Adn-bn- - Xn\v tijhpw \n Ω-X-hm-Zn-I-tfmSv tn v sim v Ah At±-lsØ FXn Øp. F m, dkq (k) sim p-h ktμ-isø At±-l-Øns ]n Km-an- Iƒ kzoi-cn- p-ibpw B {]h-n-\ßsf km m- XvI-cn- p hcm-bn-øo-cpibpw snøw-am-bn-cp- p. Ime-Øns Cam-an\v kemw FØn- pibpw \_n (k) ÿm]n B \ -I-fn Ime-Øns Cam-ans\ klm-bn- p-ibpw Ckvemans hnp-b-zn-\-ßƒ kao- ]-ÿ-am- m klm-bn- p-ibpw snøm-am-bn-cp- p. F m AXn\v hncp- -ambn \ma-am{x ]WvVn-X- m-cpss ]n n AWn-\nc- `qcn-] apkvenwiƒ hnip Jp -Bt bpw \_n (k)s I ]\- Itfbpw ad- p-i-f-bp-i- am{x-a, kam-[m\ Imw n- I-fm-th ÿeøv ITn\ lrz-b-cmbn amdp-i-bmwv snbvxxv-. lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A)s ktμi-ßfn \n v At±lw F{X- I v P\-ß-tfmSv kl- Xm]-ap bmsf pw klh ØnØzw D -bmsf pw a\- n-em- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. Hcp DZm-l-cWw \nß-fpss apºn sh p-i-bm-wv: ""C v Rm X hnx -ßsf C mbva snøm\mbn FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS apºmsi 40 Hmfw ]cky{]nm-c-w-ßƒ {]kn- o-i-cn- m Xocp-am-\n- ncn- p p. ]p\-cp- m\\mfn GI-\mb A m-lphns k n-[n-bn Rm Ab- -s Dt±iyw ]q Øn-bm-hm th nbmwnxv. AXp-sIm v Rm ]cn-]q Æacym-Z-tbmSpw hn\-b-tømspwiqsn apkvenw ]WvVn-X- m pw {InkvXob ]W-Vn-X- m pw ]WvVn- pam pw Bcykam-P- m pw lnμp ƒ pw ]cky{]nm-cww \S-Øns m v Adnbn p- Ibm-Wv. Rm kz`m-h-]-chpw hnizm-k-]-chpamb 97 _e-lo-\-x-iƒ kwkvi-cn- m-\mwv Cu temiøv h n-cn- p- -Xv. Fs Ime-Sn-Iƒ Cukm-\-_n-bpsS Ime-Sn-I-ƒ v Xpey-am-Wv. B A -Øn Rm hmkvzø akolv BIp- p. AS-bm-f-ßƒ aptj- \bpw ]hn-{x-amb A ym-]-\-ß-fn-eq-ssbpw \ns kxy-x temiøv ]c-øp- -Xm-sW v A mlp Fs Adn-bn- n-cn- p- p. Zo\n\v th n hmƒ FSp- p ImcytØbpw axøns t]cn A m-lphns Zmk- m-cpss c w Nn p- -Xn-t\bpw Rm FXn p- p. F m Ign-bp- hn[w apkvenwifn ImW-s -Sp F m A_- -P-Sn-e-amb hnizmk-ß-tfbpw sx p-i-tfbpw \o p- -Xn-\m-bn- mwv Rm \nbp- -\m-bn-cn- p- -Xv. ]hn-{x-amb kz`mh-kp-w-ßfpw hn\-bhpw emfn-xyhpw \oxnbpw kxy- Xbpw AS-ßp hgn-bn-te v Ahsc Wn- m- \mwv Rm BK-X-\m-bncn- p- -Xv.Rm F m apkvenwi-tfbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-tfbpw lnμp- tfbpw Bcy-k-am-P m-tcbpw Adn-bn- p-i-bmwv, Cu temiøv F\n v BtcmSpwi{X-pX-bn-. Rm kakrjvsn-isf, amxmhv Xs a sf kvt\ln- p- -Xvt]mse, AXn-t\- mƒ D]-cn-bmbn kvt\ln- p- p. Rm kxyw ad- p-h-bv p A_ PSn-eamb hnizm-k-ß-sf-bmwv FXn p- -Xv. a\p-jy-t\m- Sp kl-xm]w Rms\s IS-a-bmbn ImWp- p. Ifhv,krjvSn-]qP, A\oXn a v Zpjv{]h Ø-\-ßƒ, AXn-{I-a-ßƒ, Zp z-`m-h-ß-ƒ F n-h-bn \n v hn p- \n pi F -Xm-Wv Fs bym \ne-]m-sv. CXmWv a\pjyt\msp Fs kl-xm-]-øns cq]w. kz Æ-J-\n-bmWv F\n v e`n sx n ac- X-I-ssh-Vq-cy-ß-fpsS ÿm\w Rm Adn- n- ps - n Rm\Xv ] v sh p- -Xm-bn-cn pw. F\n v G hpw A[nIw Xnf-ßp hne-]n-sn- p cxv\w Cu J\n-bn \n mwv e`n- -Xv. Rm\-Xns\ hfsc hne-a-xn- p- p. Rms\s F m ktlm-z-c- m pw AXv hnx-cww snøp-i-bm-sw- n G hpw IqSp- X kz Æ-ßƒ kºm-zy-am-bp Bsf- mfpw Chsc- m-hcpw kº- -cm-bn-cn- pw. B cxv\w F Xv kxy-hm-\mb A m-lp-hm-wv. AXv Ic-K-X-am- pi F Xv Ahs\ Xncn- dn-bpi F -Xm-Wv. Ahs\ ]cn-]q Æ-ambn hniz-kn- pi, kxy-k- -amb kvt\l-tømss Ah-\p-ambn _ w ]pe Øp-I. bym -amb A\p-{K-l-ßƒ Ah-\n \n v t\spi.'' 9

kxyzqx lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) kz w Xqen-I-bn-eqsS \ -bnepw ssÿcy-ønepw amxr-i-bm-hww \njv -f- -amb ` -lr-z-b-tømspw Al- m-c-te-i-an- msx Ffn-a-Øz-Ønepw Pohn- pi \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS `mcyam-tc- mƒ D -X-cm-Im B pw km[y-a-. F n pw B Znhym-flm-hns `mcy-am ASn- phm-c Dƒs -ss-bp F m ho p-tpm-en-ifpw snøm-dp- m-bn-cp- p. AXn-t\m-sSm w Bcm-[-\m- I Ω-ßfpw \n h-ln- n-cp- p. Bcm-[-\-bn apgp-ip-tºmƒ Dd w h v hogm-xn-cn- m Hcp `mcy Hcp-I-b api-fn si n Xm tg v Xq n-bn-cp- p. kv{xoiƒ v Bcm-[-\-bpsS Hcp `mkw ` Øm- - m-tcm-sp ISa \nd-th- -emwv; Hcp `mkw A m-lp-hn-t\msv \μn ImWn- pi F Xpw. A m-lp-hnt\msv \μn ImWn- p-ibpw Ah s\ kvxpxn- p-ibpw snøpi Bcm-[-\-bm-Wv. Bcm-[-\-bpsS c m-asø `mkw \n-kvim-c-a-\pjvtn- pi F -Xm-Wv. GtXm Hcp \hm-_p- m-bn-cp- p. Abmƒ kp_vln \a-kvim-c- Øn\v DW-cp-am-bn-cp- n-. Hcp auehn At±-lsØ D]-tZ-in- p. At mƒ At±lw Xs ]cn-nm-c- 10 I-t\m-Sv, kp_vln v Xs DW Ø-W-sa v ]d- p. ]cn-nm-c-i c p-aq v {]mhiyw Abmsf DW Øn. BZyw DW Øn-bt mƒ Hcp `mk-tø v Ncn p InS- p. c m-a-xp-w Øn-b-t mƒ adp-`m-k-tø v Ncn- p-in-s- p. aq m-axpw DW Øn-b-t mƒ Abmƒ Fgp-t v Ahs\ ASn- p-i-bpw, ZpjvSm! Hcp {]mhiyw DW Øn-b-t mƒ Rm DW n-. AXp I -t m-ƒ DW-cp-I-bns v \n\- -dn-bnt? ]ns - n- \mwv \o ho pw DW Øn-bXv F v tnmzn- p-ibpw a ±n p- Ibpw snbvxp. Ah\v t_m[w sisp-thmfw Abmƒ a ±n- p. Abmƒ Xs -bmwv aue-hnbpss D]-tZiw ti p-sim v Xs DW Ø-W-sa v Ah-t\mSv ]d- -Xv. Aßs\ DW Øn-bt mƒ B ]mh-øn\v AXv \miam-bn. CXn\p ImcWw kºøv ssibn-ep- -h A m-lp-hn-t\m- Sp IS-a-sb- p-dn v hnnmcw C m- Ø-hn[w A{i- -\m-bn-øo-cp- psh- -Xm-Wv. A[n-Ihpw Al- mc-øns Awi-amWv kº- -cn-ep- -Xv. A m-c-w-øm A m-lphns\ Bcm-[n- m Ah v km[n- p- n-. krjvsn-isf tk hn- pi F c m-asø `mk hpw Ah-cn \n p- m-ip- n-. krjvsn-isf tkhn- pi F - Xns Ah-cpsS Ahÿ F msw- p-h- m, GsX- nepw Hcp km[p-a-\p-jy kemw ]d- m AXpw Ah v Ipd- n-em-wv. A{]-Imcw Xs -bmwv kv{xoifp-tsbpw Ah-ÿ. GsX- nepw {]mbw-ip-d kv{xo h m, {]mbw-iq-sn-b-h v kemw ]d-tb- -Xm-Wv. A m-lp-hn-t\m-sp ISabpw krjvsn-i-tfm-sp IS-abpw ico-a-øns c p-`m-k-ß-fm-wv. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n F{X-am{Xw Xs {]mbw tkh-\-øn Ign- p-iq- n-bn-cp- p-sh v t\m p-i. lzvdøv Aen-(d)bpsS Ahÿ t\m q. I w-h v I w h v Xs hkv{x-øn AXn\v ÿean- m-xm-bn-øo n-cp- p. lzvdøv 98

99 A_q-_- (d) hr -bmb Hcp kv{xo v ÿnc-ambn l hm sim Sp- p-am-bn-cp- p. AsX-{X-am{Xw IrXy-\n-jvT-tbm-sS-bm-bn-cp- psh v t\m p-i. At±lw ac-ws - -t mƒ B hr, A_q-_- acn- n-cn- p- p-sh v ]d- p. \nßƒs m C lmtam hlvtbm D mtbm F v Ab hm-kn-iƒ Ah-tcmSp tnmzn- p. Ah ]d- p, C. C v l hm bpw sim p-h- n-. AXp-sIm v acn- p-t]m-sb v a\- n-em-bn. AXm-b-Xv, A_q-_- Pohn- ncn- p-s - n l h simsp-ø-b- m-xn-cn- p {]iv\-ta-bn. t\m p-i, Fß-s\-bp tkh- \-am-bn-cp p AXv. Cßs\ F mhcpw krjvsn-tk-h\w sntø XmWv. Hcp cmpmhv hnip Jp - B ]I Øn-sb-gpXn Xs PohnXw Ign- n-cp- p. Hcm-fpsS hkv{xw [cn- -Xnse tamiw Ahÿ simt m as - s - nepw Imcy-Øn-tem B s - nepw Btcm-sS- nepw shdp- ps - n Ah-cn \n v AI- pam-dmhp- Xm-Wv. apj-øp-t\m n ]db-cp-xv. AXv a\- ns\ apdn-thev]n- -em-wv. a\- ns\ apdn-s -Sp- Ø ]m]-am-wv. Btcm-sS- n-epsam- -an-cp v ` Ww Ign- m a\- p-h-cp- n-s - n as -s - nepw Hgn-I-gnhv ]d v amdn-t mhp-i. A mlp ]d-bp- p: ebvk Aebv pw Pp\mlp A XAvIpep Pao-A Hu AivXmØm (\n-ßƒ Hcpant m shtδ-sdtbm ` Ww Ign- p- -Xn\v \nßƒ v Ip -an 24:62) F m AXv {]I-Sn- n- p- Xv \. A m-lp-hns\ At\zjn- p- p-sh- n A\m-Y-cpsS lrz-b-øns ASp-Ø-t\z-j-n p- I. CXp-sIm- p-xs -bmwv \_nam A\m-Y-cpsS hkv{xw AWn- n-cp- -Xv. C{]-Imcw Xs henb Xd-hm- p-im sndnb Xd-hm- p-imsc ]cn-l-kn- m-xn-cn- -s. Xs IpSpw_w hep-xm-sw pw Bcpw ]d-b-cp-xv. Xs bsp- \nßƒ hcp-tºmƒ \nß-fpss XdhmSv GXm-sW v tnmzn- -bns v A mlp ]d-bp- p. tnmzn- p- Xv \nß-fpss I Ωw F mbn-cp- p-sh- m-wv. C{]- ImcwXs \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Xs aiƒ ^mxzn-a-tbmsp ]d- p, "^mxznam! A mlp hy n- Xz-sØ- p-dn v tnmzn- p-i-bn-. \o GsX- nepw NoØ mcyw snbvxm dkq-ens ai-fm,- sw v IcpXn A mlp \nt msv hn p-hogvn snøp-i-bn-. AXpsIm v Ft m-gpw \ns {]hr Øn hfsc {i n- p-sn-øp-i' GsX- nepw Hcp txm n \ Im cyw snbvxm Ah\v s]mdp- s -Spw. F m, køn-zm-bn-s m v Bsc- nepw NoØ- mcyw snbvxm Ahs\ \c-i-øn-en-sp- -Xm-bn-cn- pw. lzvdøv C_vdmlnw (A) Xs ]nxm-hn-\p-th n {]m n- p. AXv kzoi-cn- -s - n-. lzo- Yn h n-cn- p- p, lzvdøv C_vdmlnw (A) ]p\-cp- m-\-\mfn ]d-bpw, A m-lp-th, Fs ]nxm-hns\ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn ImWm F\n v Ign-bp-I-bn-. F n pw A mlp Ib-dp-sIm v si n \nμyx-tbm-sp-iqsn \c-i-ønte v hen- p-sim- p-t]m-ipw. (CXv I Ωw snømø Imc-W- Øm-em-Wv. AXn-\m \_n-bpss 2010 am v in]m ibpw ^ew snbvxn- ). ImcWw Abmƒ Al- -cn- p. \_n-am Zmcn-{ZysØ kzoi-cn- p. Zmcn-{ZysØ kzoi-cn- p- -h F m-h-tc- mfpw \ -h-\mbn \nesim- pw. \ΩpsS \_n(-k) Zmcn- {ZysØ kzoi-cn- p. GtXm Hcp {InkvXym\n \Ωp ss \_n(-k)-bp-ss-b-sp- h p. B ]pwym-flmhv Abmƒ v \ hæw BXnYyw \evin. Abmƒ v \ -hæw hni- n-cp- p. Abmsf \ -hæw Xo n. AbmfpsS hb h msx \nd- p. cm{xn-bn Xs ]px v ]px- m simsp-øp. Dd- -Øn hfsc i -amb hb-dn-f w Abmƒ p- m-bn. Abmƒ Xv XSpØp \ndpøm I-gn- n-. ]px- n Øs km[n- p-t]m-bn. "cmhnse Xs Ahÿ ImWptºmƒ Xt msv shdp- p- m-ipsa v' Abmƒ Icp-Xn. \mw-t tsm Øv Abmƒ Fgp-t - p-t]mbn. CXp-I- -h \_n-tbmsv ]d- -p. IgpIn hrøn-bm- m AXv X\n v hn pxcm B ]pwym-flmhv ]d- p. Aßv F n-\mwv _p n-ap- p- -sx v Ah tnmzn- p. Xß-fXv Igp-Ins m- m-sa pw Adn-bn- p. \_n (-k) ]d- p: "Abmƒ Fs AXn-Yn-bm-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v Rm Xs hrøn-bm- Ww.' Aßs\ sh w hmßn kzbw Igp-Im XpS-ßn. Hcp ssa A pdw sn -t m-gmwv Xs kz Æ-Ip-cniv I n-en ad- p-h- Xv Abmƒ Hm Ø-Xv. AXpsIm v Abmƒ v as-ßn-h-tc- nh- p. Xm hrøn-ti-sm- nb ]px v kz w ssisim v \_n- Xn-cp-ta\n hrøn-bm- p- -Xm-Wv 11

kxyzqx Abmƒ I -Xv. Abmƒ e n- p. Xm\m-bn-cp-s - n Hcn- epw AXv Igp-Ip-am-bn-cp- n-s v A bmƒ ]d- p. C{X-am{Xw \nkzm -\mb Bƒ A m-lp-hn \n p Bfp-X-s -bm-bn-cn- psa v Abmƒ v t_m[y-am-bn. Abmƒ apkvenam-ipibpw sn bvxp. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n hgn-bn B Ip n-isf ImWp-tºmƒ Xm Ah-cpsS ]nxm-hm-sw v Ah v txm pw-hn[w hm -eytømss Ah-tcmSv s]cp-am-dn-bncp p. a p- kv{xoisf \nμm-zr-jvsntbmss t\m -cp-sx v hnip Jp -B-\n A mlp ]d-bp- p. ]pcp-j- mcpw Aßs\ snøm ]msn-. ImcWw AXv a\ v thz- \n- n- p Imcy-am-Wv. snbvxm Ah-tcmSv A mlp ImcWw tnmzn- p- -Xm-Wv. CXv hfsc tamis kz`m-h-am-wv. Cßs\ ]cnl-kn- A mlp hfsc tamiambn ImWp- p. F m, a\- ns\ thz-\n- n- mø Imcy-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Ignbp- n-s-tøm fw CØcw Imcy-ßfn \n v hn p-\n pibm-wv th -Xv. Aßs\ {]h Øn- p- -h v Fß-s\-bp in bmwv \evip- -sx v A mlp ]d-bp- p: ""Fs Iev]-\-Isf AwKo- I-cn- m-ø-hs\ G hpw tamis coxn-bn Rm \c-i-øn CSp-Ibpw Ah-km\w \ciw \nß-fpss kt -X-am-bn-cn- p- Ibpw snøpw.'' (79:38-40) ""BcmtWm Fs tims-xnbpss \ymb-]o-t-øn\p ap n \nev p- -Xns\ `b-s -Sp-Ibpw Ku\n- p-ibpw snøp- Xv Rm 12 Ahs kt Xw kz -am- p- - XmWv'' (79:41, 42). hnip Jp - B-\n A mlp ]d-bp p: Cu A ymbw (80:2 5) Cdßm ImcWw CXm-Wv. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ASpØv Jpssd-in- I-fnse Nne {]apj hy n-iƒ Ccp- n-cp- p. Ahn-S v Ahsc D]-tZ-in- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. A t mƒ Hcp A h p. X\n v Zo\ns Imcy-ßƒ ]d- p-x-cm Bh-iy-s - p. \_n-(k)xn-cp-ta\n Abm-tfmSv an- m ]d- p. At mƒ A mlp hfsc tzzjs - p. Ah-km\w \_n(-k) AbmfpsS ho n t]mip-ibpw Abm sf hnfn- p-sim- p-h v NmZp hncn v AXn-en-cn- m ]d-bp-ibpw snbvxp. Rms\-ß-s\-bmWv AßbpsS NmZp-dn Ccn- pi? F v Abmƒ tnmzn- p. F n-\mwv \_n B NmZp hncn- Xv? A mlp-hns\ Xr]vXn-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\pth- n-am-{xw! Al- mchpw D]-{Zhhpw tami-amb Imcy-am-Wv. Fgp- ]Xv h jw snbvx I Ω-ßƒ \n m-c-im-c-w-øm \njv^-e-ambn-t m-ip- p. Hcp ` -\p- m-bncp- p. Abmƒ ae-bnemwv h-kn- n-cp- -Xv. Zo L-Im-e-ambn Ahn ss ag D m-bn-cp- n-. Hcp Znh kw ag s]bvxp. AXv I p-ifnepw I -I-fn-ep-amWv s]bvx-xv. At mƒ Abmƒ a\- n B t -]n- p. Pe-Øns AXymhiyw hb-ep-i-fnepw txm -ß-fnep-am-bn-cp- p. CsX- mwv I p-ifn s]bvxxv? CXv hb-ep-i-fn s]bvxn-cp- p-sh- n F{X \ mbn-cp- p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn A mlp Abm-fpsS henøv F ÿm\w ]n h-en- p. Abmƒ AXo-h-Zpx-Jn- X-\m-bn. as mcp alm-flm-hns klmbw txsn. \osb- n-\mwv Bt -]n- Xv? \ns Cu sx p- Im-c-W-Øm-emWv tim]ap- m-bsx v Abmƒ v ktμiw e`n- p. Xs Imen Ib-dp-sI n I p-ifn-eqss hen- p-sim- p-t]m-im Abmƒ BtcmtSm ]d- p. F n-\mwv Aßs\ snøp- sx v Abmƒ tnmzn- p. B ` ]d- p: "Rm ]d-bp- Xv \o tiƒ p-i'. Ah-km\w Abmƒ Aß-s\-Xs snbvxp. I p-i-fn-eqss hen- p-sim- pt]mb Imc-W-Øm Abm-fpsS c v Imep-I-fn-tebpw sxmen Du p-t]m-bn. At mƒ axn-bm- p-i. Rm am m- n-bn-cn- p p' F v A m lp ]d- p. t\m q. Bfp-Iƒ F{X-sb{X Bt -]- amwv D -bn- p- -Xv. ag Aev]w IqSn-bm ]d-bp- p. Rßsf ap n-s m- m t]mip-s,v Aev]w sshin-bm ]d-bp- p. Rßsf sim m t]mip- sx v Cu B t ]w F{X-am{Xw tami-am-wv. XJvh AYhm Cuiz-c-` n Fß-s\-bmWv If- p-t]m-bsx v t\m p-i. Ht m ct m AW hgn-bn InS- p- Xv I m AXv NmSn FSp- p- p. AXm-tcmSpw ]d-bp-i-bn-. hmkvxh-øn F m-h-tcmspw ]d-bp- Ibpw Bsf I p-in- n-bm Abmƒ Xv simsp- p-ibpw sn øpi F -Xm-bn-cp p XJvh. ]n osv ]dbp p ag D m-ip- ns - v. ag Fßs\ D m-im- \mwv? Hcp-]mSv ]m]-ßƒ A m lp am m- p- p. IqSp-X ag-bp- m-bm _lfw hbv p- p. shbnev IqSp-X-em-bm At mgpw _lfw D m- p- p. hnh: auehn apl-ωzv Ckvam-bn 100

2010 am v lzvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZv (d-lv) Jeo-^-Øp akolv IV kwkoxw Ckveman A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amtWm? AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns \memw Jeo-^ lzvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZn(d-lv)s tnmtzym-ø-c-]-cn-]m-sn-bn \n v tnmzyw: Rm\-dn-bp Hcmƒ v kwkoxw {ihn- p Hcp Zpkz-`m-h-ap- v. Fs tnmzy-an-xmwv: kwko-x-øn\v Ckveman-ep ÿm\sa mwv? DØcw : lzvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZv (d-lv): Xm ƒ Zpkz-`m-h-sa v hnfn- p Xv GXv Af-hn-ep kz`m-h-sa- -Xnt\bpw kw Ko-X-Øn-t bpw {]Ir- Xntbbpw B{i-bn- n-cn- p- p. kwkoxw apgp-h\pw tamiam sw v ]d- p-iq-sm. ho pt]mepw samø-øn tami-amsw v hnip Jp -B ]d- n- n-. XØz-Øn tami-ambn hnhcn- -s - n-cn- p -Xv, AXy-[n-Iamtbm 50%Øn IqSp-Xtem tzmj-ic-am-sw- n AXv Dt]- n- -W-sa pw 50% Øn Xmsg tami-amb hkvxp- -fpss \ hiw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Ø-W-sa pw tami-hiw Xnc-kvI-cn- -W-sa- pam-wv. kwkoxw ]t \ntcm-[n- s -Sp-Itbm D]m-[n-I-fn- msx 101 A\p-h-Zn- -s -Sp-Itbm snbvxn- n. lzvdøv apl-ωzv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n azo-\-bn-te v \S- p-hcp-tºmƒ azo-\-bnse kv{xoiƒ At±-lsØ kzoi-cn- m kzmk- X-Km\w Be-]n- p-ibpw IqSmsX "Z^v^v' ap p-ibpw snbvxn-cp p sh Imcyw \ap- -dn-bm-hp- -Xm- W-t m. Ad-_n-IfpsS CS-bn Hcp Xcw kwko-x-am-bn-cp p AXv. AXv kwko-x-am-bn-cp- ns v B pw ]d-bm km[y-a-. ]t, ]m p-]msn Xna Øp- -kn- m\pw Km\-taf \S-Øm\pw kwko-x-øn apgp-in-bn-cn- m\pw \ΩpsS a sf A\p-h-Zn- pi F -Xm-bn-cp- n- \_n Xncp-ta-\n (-k)-bpss kp Øv. AX-h-cpsS kz`m-h-hp-am-bn-cp- n-. ]Icw Ah hnip Jp -B ]mcmbww snøp- Xpw henb henb Ihn-I-fpsS \ Xpw A -]q Æhp-amb Ihn-X-Iƒ snm p Xpw Bkz-Zn- n-cp- p. {ItaW AhcpsS A`n-cpNn hni-kn- p-ibpw ]Zy-ß-fn \n v hnip Jp -B- \n-te v amdp-ibpw snbvxp. \nß-fpss A`n-cp-Nn-bpsS KpWw \ m-bn-øo-cm Ipd- p- -an-t - -Xm-h-iy-am-bn-cp- p. CX- msx Nne Imcy-ßƒ Dt]- n- p-i-sb- Xv {Iqc-X-bm-bn-cn- pw. CØcw Imcy-ßƒ A`n-cp-NnbpsS {]iv\-am-wv. F m a p Nne Imcy-ß-fn \ntcm-[\øn\v bmsxmcp hn p-ho-gvn-bp-an-. ho v IpSn- p Xv \n Øp- - Xn\v aptº F\n v sh -tøm- Sp A`n-cpNn \ m- n-sb-spt Wsa v \nßƒ v ]d-bm km y-a-. ho v \ntcm-[n- -s - -Xm-b-Xn-\m AXv \nßƒ -\ph-z-\o-b-a-. \ntcm-[n- -s - Xv \ntcm-[n- -s - -Xp-X-s -bm-wv. ]t, kwkoxw Cu hip- n hcp- n-. B kz`m-h-øn \n v {ItaW ap -cm-hm \nßƒ v _p n-]q Δ-I-amb kao-]\w (tijw 16 ) 13

kxyzqx iodmkv AlvaZv Jeo-^-Øp akolv AlvaZn hnzym n-i-tfmsv J-eo-^-Øp akolv hnzym n-i-tfmsv snbvx D]-tZ-i-ßƒ t{imuo-i-cn- -XmWv Cu tej-\w. tej-i AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv hnzym-`ymkhip- ns tziob tae y- -\m-wv. 1. hnzym-`ymkw Xß-fpsS CkvemanI _m y- Xbm-sW t_m[-tømss G hpw D -X-amb ÿm\w e yw sh p-sim- mbn-cn- Ww GsXmcp AlvaZn hnzym n-\o hnzym nbpw hnzym-`ymkw sntø- -Xv. hnzym-`ymkw aptj\ e`n- p Adnhv am\-h-cm-in-bpss tkh-\-øn\v th n hn\n-tbm-kn- p-ibpw thww. 2. lpkq Xncp-a-\ v ]d p: `mhn-bn \ hnzym-`ym-k-an- msx Hcmƒ v \ne-\n v km[y-a. 3. Ckvemw {]N-cn- m D X hnzym-`ymkw hfsc klm-b-i-am-wv. ImcWw, A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb BfpIƒ ]d-bp- Xv P\-ßƒ {i n- p- p. Alv azn-iƒ ax-t_m-[-ap- -h-cpw, kmxzn-icpw hnzym-k- º- -cp-am-sw- n P-\-ßƒ Ah-cnte v BIr-jvScm-Ipw. ax-øns \ v th n `uxn-i-hn-zym- `ymkw t\sp-ibmsw n `uxn-i-hn-zym-`ym-khpw ax-hn-zym-`ymkambn-øo-cp-sa v lpkq Xncp-a-\ v ]d- p. 4. hnzym-`ymkw F Xv Ip n-i-fpss Ah-Im-iam-Wv. hnzym-`ym-k-ap htcm C m-ø-htcm Bb c n-xm- ƒ Ip n-i-fpss hnzym-`ym-k-øn\v hf-sctbsd {]m[m\yw \ ti- -Xm-Wv. AlvaZn-Iƒ cmpysø G hpw D -X-hn-Zym-`ymkw kn n- -hcpw ssh m-\ni \mb-i- m-cp-am-bn-øo-c-ww. 5. c n-xm- - m ax-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-k- Øn pw `uxn-i-hn-zym-`ym-k-øn\pw Hcp-t]mse {]m[m\yw \ I-Ww. hnzym-`ym-k-øns Imcy- 14 Øn F m AlvaZn hnzym n\o hnzym n-ifpw a -c-_p- n-tbm-ss-bm-bn-cn- Ww apt -td- Xv. 6. AlvaZn hnzym n\n hnzym n-iƒ ITn- \m- zm\w snbvxp ]Tn- m `mhnbnse cm-py-øns `c-w-`mcw Ah-cpsS ssii-fn-em-bn-øo-cpw. AXpsIm v AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ Ah-cpsS kabw Hcn- epw ]mgm- n- f-b-cp-xv. hn-zym-`ym-k-øn ]q Æ-{i snep-ø-ww. A\m-h-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn kabw sne-h-gn- p- Xv Hgn-hm- Ww. CXn c n- Xm- - m-cpss {i bp- m-bn-cn -Ww. 7. AlvaZn hnzym n-i-fpss hnzym-`ymk e yw AXyp- -X-am-bn-cn - -Ww. Nn -bpw D Xambn-cn- Ww. Ah {]m n- p-ibpw ITn-\-ambn {]b-xv\n- p-ibpw thww. kabw Hcn- epw If-bcp-Xv. ]co- -I-fn 80 ix-am-\tam AXn-e-[n-Itam am v t\sp- -h-cm-bn-cn- -Ww. t_m Uv ]co- -Ifnepw bqwn-th-gvkn n ]co- -I-fnepw BZysØ ]Øv ÿm\-ß-fn-te-sx- nepw Ah Ic-ÿ-am- nbn-cn- -Ww. 8. AlvaZn s] Ip- n-iƒ `uxn-i-hn-zym-`ymkw t\sp-tºmƒ ] Z-sb p-dn pw hkv{x-[m-c-w-sø pdn- pap Jp B-t bpw dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) bptsbpw Iev]-\-Iƒ I i-\-ambn ]men- -Ww. AlvaZn s] Ip- n-iƒ Pntbm-fPn (`u-a-im-kv{xw) apx-emb hnj-b-ßƒ Hgn-hm-t - -Xm-Wv. ImcWw, B timgvkp-iƒ FSp-Øm Sqdn\v t]mti- n-hcpw. AlvaZn s] Ip- n-iƒ hnhm-l-{]mb-am-bm 102

2010 am v hnhm-ln-x-cm-th- -Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-tijw Ah v XpS v ]Tn- m-hp- - Xm-Wv. 9. hnzym n\o hnzym n-iƒ AXmXv ZnhksØ Ah-cpsS hnj-b-ßƒ Znh-khpw ho n \n v ho pw Bh Øn v ]Tn- p-ibpw Krl-]mTw sntø- -Xp-am-Wv. 10- mw mkv hsc-bp hnzym n-iƒ Npcp-ßn-bXv 4 awn- q Znh-khpw ho n \n v ]Tn- -Ww. lb sk - -dn-bnepw AXn\p ]pd-sa-bpap hnzym n-iƒ 6 awn- q ho n \n v ]Tn- -Ww. hnzym n-iƒ mkv dqanepw ho nepas- -ap ]T-\-k-abw bym-{iaw Ata-cn- bn 14 awn- qdpw bqtdm- n 13 awn- qdpw djybn 12 awn- q-dp-am-wv. 10. AlvaZn hnzym n\o hnzym n-iƒ kviqfnepw timtf-pnepw AlvaZn F \ne- p bym Ckvemans hy n-xz-ap- hcmbn-cn- - Ww. C v hnzym n-iƒ ax-t_m[w c mw-x-c-ambn ImWp p. F m AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ bym Ckvemw ax-øns ktμ-i-hm-l-i-cm-bncn -Ww. Pohn-X-Øns F m cwkøpw Ah Ckveman-Im- ym]\ßƒ ]men- Ww. AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ hnzym-`ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn Ckv emani amxr-i-i-fm-bn-cn- -Ww. 11. sszh-øns A\p{K-lsØ kw_- n v AlvaZn hnzym n\o hnzym n-iƒ Ft mgpw \μn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cn- -Ww. Ah Jp -B-\n \n pw ^e-sa-sp- p- -h-cp-am-bn-cn- -Ww. Ah A v t\cw \n-kvi-cn- -Ww. A mlp ]d-bp p: \nkvim-c-øns {]m[m\yw a\- n-em- n-s m- v BcmtWm A v t\chpw \n-kvi-cn- p- Xv Ahsc A mlp kwc- n- pw. A m-lp-hns Cu kwc- W hmkvzm-\-øn \n v AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ ^e-sa-sp- -Ww. 12. ax- -hn- m-\hpw AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ ani-hp coxn-bn A`y-kn- -Ww. A m-lp-hpambpw Pam-A-Øp-ambpw _ -s -S-Ww. AlvaZn hnzym n- Isf ImWp-tºmƒ hfsc sndp-{]m-b-øn Øs k kz-`m-hhpw sszh-`- nbpw B Pn- -h-cm-sw v. Ahsc ImWp a p- -h ]d-bp-am-dm-i-ww. cmpy- Øn\pw kaq-l-øn\pw th n Ah tkh\- k - -cm-sw pw CØcw hnzym n-isfs m mwv cmpyw ]ptcm-kan- p- -sx pw a p- -h ]db-ww. 103 13. a p- -h v \ snøp-sa (cm-py-tøbpw kaq-l-tøbpw tkhn- p-sa- v) Dt±-iy-tØmsS ]Tn- p-ibpw AtXm-sSm w A m-lp-hns\ Bcm-[n- p- Ibpw snbvxm A mlp \nß-fpss hnj-b-ßƒ hfsc Ffp- -am- n-ø-cpw. 14. AlvaZn hnzym n\o hn Zym n-iƒ Znhkhpw hmkvzø ako-ln(-a)s ]pkvx-i-ß-fpw, s]mxp-hn- m-\-hpw, ]{X-ß-fpw, amk-kn-\p-ifpw hmbn Ww. a\-xim-kv{x]pkvx-i-ßƒ, kb n- ^niv Ata-cn-, \yqk-bn n-ãv, \mj-\ Pntbm- {K^n apx-emb imkv{x amkn-i-ifpw hmbn- -Ww. 15. kne-_-kn-en- mø ]pd-sa-bp ]pkvx-ißfpw AlvaZn hnzym n\o hnzym n-iƒ hm bn- -Ww. 16. AlvaZn hnzym n\o hnzym n-iƒ bmsxmcp timwπ-ivkp-an- msx AlvaZn-ø-Øn-s\- pdn v kl-]m-tn-i-tfmsv kwkm-cn- -Ww. Ah XßfpsS kl-]m-tn-i-tfmsv Ckvemans ku-μ-cy-sø- p-dn v ]d-b-ww. AlvaZn hnzym n-i-fpss s]cpam w a p Ip n-i-fn \n v hn`n ambn-cn- -Ww. AhcpsS kz`m-h-kpww a p- -h-cn BI j-w-hpw BZ-c-hp-ap- m- -Ww. B Ip- n-iƒ B Ip- n-itfmspw s] Ip- n-iƒ s] Ip- n-i-tfmspw Ckv emans D -X-aq-ey-sØ- p-dn pw A ym-]-\-ß-sf- p-dn pw kwkm-cn- -Ww. 17. hnzym n-iƒ Xß-fpsS _mkn Alva Znøm kmln-xy-ßƒ kq n -Ww. Hgn-hp-k-a-b-ßfn AXv hmbn- p-ibpw kl]m-tn-iƒ n-s-bn DNn-X- -X-tbmsS hnx-cww snøp-ibpw thww. 18. AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ Ah-cpsS A ym- ]-I pw s{]m^-k am pw Ckvemw axxøz- m\w, shfn-]m-sv bp n m\w kxyw F o ]pkvx-i-ßƒ \ I-Ww. 19. AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ bqwn-th-gvkn- n-ifn hnhn[ CkvemanI hnj-b-ßsf pdn- p skan-\m-dp-iƒ kwl-sn- n- -Ww. ÃpU kv Atkmkn-tb-j-\p-I-fp- m n a p hnzym n-i-sfbpw skan-\m-dp-i-fn ]s -Sp- n- -Ww. 20. timtf-pp-i-fnepw bqwn-th-gvkn- n-i-fnepw axm- c kulr-z-kw-hm-z-ßƒ kwl-sn- n- -Ww. AXv hgn Aapkvenw-I-fp-ambpw A\lvaZn apkvenwifp-ambpw kulrzw ÿm]n- m Ign-bpw. AlvaZn 15

kxyzqx hnzym n kam-p-ßƒ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-sf-] n Kth-jW {]_- -ßƒ Ah-X-cn- n- p-sim pw tnmtzym-øc thzn-iƒ kwl-sn- n pw hn m\ h -\-hn\v hnhn[ hnj-b-ßsf A[n-I-cn- psim- p {]`m-j-w-ßƒ kwl- Sn- n pw Jp -B\pw imkv{x-hp-ambp _ -sø- p-dn v hnzym n-i-fn Ah-t_m-[-ap- m- - Ww. 21. ]co- -mlm-fn ]co Fgp-Xm Bcw-`n- p- -Xn\v apºv AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ ssibpb Øn A m-lp-hn-t\msv {]m n- -Ww. 22. hnip Jp -B-s\- p-dn v AKm-[-ambn Nn n- m AlvaZn hnzym niƒ kzbw k -amh- Ww. Jp -B-\n \n pw KthjW k{º-zmbw Ah ]Tn- - Ww. Ah-cpsS imkv{x-pvrm\w Ahsc klm-bn- p p. s{]m^. A_vZp- emw kmln_v (t\m-_ kωm-\-tp-xm-hmb AlvaZn) AKm-[-ambn Jp -Bs\ kw_- n v Nn n- mdp- m-bn-cp- p. At±-l-Øns Jp -B-\nI m \w henb txmxn h n- p- Ibpw snbv-xp. At±-l-Øns imkv{x- m\øn\v CXv D]-Imc-{]-Z-ambn `hn- p-ibpw snbvxp. AlvaZn hnzym n-iƒ s{]m^: A_vZp- -em-ans\ amxr-i-bm n e y-t_m[tømss {]h Øn- -Ww. Cu taj-e-bn C y- apgph\pw sk{i- -dn, XAvenw hfsc Du -kz-e-ambn {]h Øn- - Ww. A{]-Imcw Jp±m-ap Alv azn-ømbpw (bph-p\kwl-s-\) epv\m Cam-bn- mbpw (alnfm-kw- L-S-\) C m-cy-øn {]h Ø- \-\n-c-x-cmbn- -Ww. (-13- \n v XpS ) ssis m- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. t]m v kwko-xsø kw_- n- n-s-tømfw P\-ßƒ AsXß-s\-bmWv sh p s]mdp- n- p- -sx v F\n- -dn-bn ; AXv shdpw XnI Akw-_- amwv. Rm kwko-xsø ]t Ah-K-Wn- p- n-. Fs - m mkn- kwko-x-øn\v amlmfly-ap- m-bn-cp- p. a\p-jy\v a\- n-em-hmø coxn-bn a\p-jy- \nse G hpw \ Xv AXv ]pdøp sim- p-h- p. Km\-c-N-bn-Xm- ƒ Ipeo\-a-\-kvI-cm-bn-cp- p. {]Xn- ]mzyw timn-\o-b-am-sw- n t]mepw a p- -h A\p-`-hn- p Zpcn-X-ß-sf- p-dn p hnhcw t{imxm- -fn FØn- m Ah B{K-ln- p. P\-X-bpsS t]cp ]d-bm-sxbpw IY hm p- I-fn ]d-b-s -Sm-sXbpw Ah ZpxJn-X-cm-bn-Øo p. kwkoxw F m Imcy-ßtfbpw tamnn- n- p. F n-\p-th- n-bm-sw- -dn-bmsx Ah ZpxJn-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Ic-bm XpS-ßp-Ibpw snbvxp. 16 kwko-x-lm-fn \n v ]pd-øp-h- -t mƒ Ah IqSp-X Ipeo\- a-\-kvi-cm-bn-øo p. AXn-\m, kwko-x-øn\v Hcp e y-ap v, DZm-Ø-amb Hcp e yw. F m t]m v kwkoxw ti v Bfp-Iƒ lmƒ hn p t]mip- Xv Hcp Xcw {`mt m-sp-iq-sn-bm- Wv. Ah v kz -am- m km[n- mø Ft m H n-t\msv Ah AXym Øn ImWn- p- p. AXn- \p-th n Ah Bfp-Isf sim p p; ab- p-a-cp- n\v th n a p- -hsc Ijv-S-s -Sp-Øp- p. B Ir{Xn-a-amb NntØm- m-k-øn\v IqSp-X ab- p-a-cp- p-iƒ Bhiy-am-bn-h-cp- p. AXn-\m B[p- \n-i-amb Cu "kwkoxw' hn p sht - p A`n-cpNn hfsc PpKp-]vkm-h-lhpw Xn \nd- - Xp-am-Wv. CXns kzm[o-\-øn\v hnt[-b-am-hp kaqlw IqSp-X PpKp-]vkm-h-lhpw IqSp-X ISn- m-wn- m-øxpw ]c-º-cm-k-xamb aqey-ß-fn IqSp-X A{i ImWn- p- -Xp-amb Ah-ÿbn-se-Øp- p. Cu kwkoxw hy -amb Xn -bpw ]m]w \nd- - Xp-am-Wv. F m kwko-x-tøbpw Hcpt]mse Icp-Xm F\n v km ya-. AXp-sIm- mwv \nßfpss Imcy-Øn IqSp-X _p n D]- tbm-kn- -W-sa pw \ -Xp-am{Xw Xnc-s -Sp- -W-sa pw Rm ]d- -Xv. h -t mgpw kwkoxw sim v H v XpS p hrøn-bm- p Xv \c-i-m-h-im-in-bm-ip Htc m-s-, Rm \nßƒ p-d- p-x-cp- p. F m, h -t mgpw Cßs\ snøp- -Xp-Im-cWw \nßƒ AXn Xs BIr-jvS-cm-bn, D -X-aq-eyßƒ XyPn- p-ibpw \nkvim-c- Øn\v `wkw hcp-øp-ibpw sszhkva-c-w-bn \n v AI-ep-Ibpw snøp-i-bm-sw- n ]ns, hy -ambpw \nßƒ \jvsim-cn-ifmbn-cn- pw. (The Review of Religions, Jan. 2010) hnh Ø-I : si.-hn. l tim-b timgn-t msv 104

2010 am v ^uknb _mpvh, I\U Ckveman-\p-ta Ip-Ø-Im-h-Im-itam? ]min-kvxm-\nse Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\xmhpw h mhpamb Aao-dp Akow kmln_v, Dev]- -ßƒ v taep ]m v v t]mse ax-øn\pw ax-nn- -ß-ƒ pw ta IpØImh-Imiw Xßƒ p-s p hmzn- p-i-bp- m- bn. {]kvxpx hmz-tøm-sp {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv Cu tej-\w. Cu CubnsS ]min-kvxm ss-en-hn-j kwt{]j Ww snbvx "t]mbn v _vfm v' F \yqkv tjm bn Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\xmhv Aao-dp Akoans Ah-Im-i-hmZw {it -b-am-bn-cp- p. AlvaZn- Iƒ apkvenam-sw v Ah-Im-i-s -Sp-I-bm-sW n AXv a p apkvenwi-fpss _u ni kzø-h-im-i (C eivnz t{]m n ssd v) -\n-b-a-øns ewl- \-am-bn-cn- p-sa- m-bn-cp p Snbms hmzw. sim- t mf Iº\n Ah-cpsS DXv]- -ßƒ v t{sbvuv am v ]ms dv FSp-ØXv t]mse apjy-[mcm apkvenwiƒ v F m CkvemanI Nn -ßƒ pw t] v D v F pw Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\xmhv ]d- p.(1) Cu _u nikzø-h-imiw a\p-jy-_p- n-bpss Dev]- -ß-fp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-Wv. AØcw a\p-jykr-jvsn-i-fpss ta AXns I p-]n-sn-ø- m-ct\m cn-bn-xm-hnt\m _u ni kzøv F \ne-bn AXv D]-tbm-Kn- m Cu \nbaw Ah-Imiw \ Ip- p. CXn \n v _u ni kzø-h-im-i-\n-baw ax-nn- -ßƒt m {]Xo-I-ßƒt m a-x{kÿßƒt m _m[-i-am- m km[y-as v hy -am-wv. CsX mw Xs sszh-øns kr-jvsn-i-fmwv, a\pjycp-ts-x. ankv Akow Ah-Im-i-s -Sp- Xv Iena (apkvenwifpss hnizm-k-{]-jym-]\ hn-\w), Jp B, A{]- Imcw a p CkvemanI Nn -ßƒ F n-h pta 105 apkvenw-iƒ v tim n -ssd v Ds - m-wv. C-sX mw Xs sszhw kr-jvsn- -XmsW v Akow kmln_v Icp-Xp- nt? AlvaZn-Iƒ a\p-jy-\n Ωn-X-amb Hcp ax-øn hniz-kn- p-itbm B axw BN-cn- p-itbm snøp- n-. Ah sszh-øns ax-amwv hniz-kn- p- Xpw BN-cn- p- Xpw. AXp-sIm v AlvaZn-Iƒ _u ni kzø-h-imi \nbaw ewln- p- p-sh v Akow kmln_v `b-s -ts- -Xn-. AlvaZn-Iƒ AhcpsS ax-øns _u ni DS-a-ÿ-\mbn anã Ako-ans\ ImWp- n-. At±-l-Øns Cu ]ºc hn-uvvn-ø-{]-jym-]\w Cu \nbaøns I_-fn- n- -em-wv. temi _u ni kzø-h-imi kwl-s-\-bpss \n_- -\-{]-Imcw Cu \nbaw Xmsg ]d-bp- -h v th n-bmwv \n Ωn- -s - n-cn- p- -Xv. 1. Dev]m-Z-I pw k m-fl-i-c-n-\-i-fpss D]- mxm ƒ pw Xß-fpsS Dev]- -ß-fn As - n cn-\-i-fn \n p-ap kmº-øni t\ w \nba-]-c-ambn Dd v hcp-øm. 2. k m-fl-i-xbpw, \ymb-amb hym]-chpw t{]m m-ln- n- m\pw AXns {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\pw. anã Akow, Ckvemans\ kmº-øni t\ ap- m- p Hcp Dev]- -ambn Icp-Xp- p-t m? 17

kxyzqx At±lhpw At±-l-Øns ]cn-hm-c-ßfpw hniz-kn- p- Xv Ckvemw F Xv simt m-tim-f -t]mse Xßƒ v IpØ-Im-h-Im-i-ap Hcp a\ptjym - -am-sw- m-wv. AXv sszh-t{]m- -a F pw Ah A -am- p- p. Bflo-b-amb t\ -ß-sf- mƒ kmº-øn-ihpw `uxn-i-hp-amb t\ -ß-fmWv Ah CXv aptj\ e yw sh p- -Xv. ax-nn- -ßƒ v _u ni \nb-a-kw-c- Ww thw-sa v Ah Bhiy-s -Sp- Xv hgn hmwn-pyøn pw I -h-s-øn\pw hnt[-b-amb Hcp Nc- n-s\-t mse Ckv emw axsø Ah ImWp-I-bmWv snøp- -Xv. _u ni kzø-h-imiw c v Xc-Øn-ep- v. 1. Bibßƒ pw I p-]n-snø-øn-\pw. CXn ]m dv (Ip-Ø-Im-h-Im-iw) \nb- -a-ßfpw t{suv am v \nb-a-ßfpw Dƒs -Sp- p. I p-]n-sn Huj-[-ßfpw AXp-t]mse sim t mf temtkm bpw CXn Dƒs -Spw. 2. {]I-S-\-co-Xn-Iƒ Hcp Bibw {]I-Sn- n- p {]txyi coxnsbbpw ]m dv snømw. tim n-ssd v Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Cu \nb-a-øns ]cn-[n-bn hcp- p. kmln-xy-c-n- \-Iƒ, D]-\ym-k-ßƒ, kwkox cn-\-iƒ apx-em-bh CXn-epƒs -Sp- p. Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\xmhv Ako-an-t\m-Sp tnmzy-an-xm-wv. apkvenw hnizm-khpw Jp -B\pw CkvemanI Nn -ßfpw ta ]-d- -h-bn GXv hip- n-emwv hcni? AlvaZn-I-fpsS hnizmkw Ckvemapw, Jp -B-\pw, apkvenw DΩØpw GsX- nepw a\p-jy-{]-b-xv\-øns ^e-a. AXv sim v Ah _u ni kzø-h-im-i-\n-b-a-øns ]cn-[nbn hcp- n-. Jp -B Hcp a\p-jys Xqen-Im-c- N-\-bmtWm (sszhw s]mdp- -s )? Ckvemw F Xv a\p-jy-ir-x-amb Dev]- tam I p-]n-snøtam t{suv am t m BtWm? Akow kmln_v Ckvemw ax- Øn\v _u ni IpØ-Im-h-Imi kwc- -W-aps v hmzn- p-tºmƒ AsXmcp a\p-jy-\n ΩnX hkvxp-hm-sw v IqSn hmzn- p-i-bmwv snøp- -Xv. Ckvemw axhpw AXns Nn -ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn- m- \p IpØ-Im-h-Imiw X\n pw Xs ]m n ]cnhm-c-øn\pw sszhw \ In-bn-cn- p- p-sh v hmzn- mw. AXm-bXv Dev]- -Øns tbm Hcp krjvsn- 18 bpss cn-\-bp-sstbm D-S-ÿ B DS-a-ÿm-h-Im-i- Øns D]-tbm-K-Øn-\p ssek kv hmwn-pyÿm-]-\-ßƒt m {]km-[-i t m \ Im-dp- v. AXv hgn {]kvxpx _u ni kzøv kwc- n- s -Sp-Itbm {]N-cn- n- -s -Sp-Itbm snømw. Cßs\ h IpØ-Im-h-Im-ihpw Pam-AsØ Ckvemant m anãv Ako-ant\m Ckvemw ax-øns DS-a-ÿ-\n \n pw e`n- n- p-s - n AXv sxfn-bn-t - _m yx At±-l-Øn-\p- v. Ft mƒ FhnsS sh mwv At±-lØn\pw ]cn-hm-c-øn\pw Ckvemw ax- Øns t] pw Ien-a-bpsS tim nssd v Ah-Imihpw \ I-s - Xv? Hcp Dev]- -Ønt\m Bi-b-Ønt\m tim n-ssd v Ah-Im-itam t] v Ah-Im-itam Imem-Im-etØ pw AXns I p-]n-snø- m-ct\m cn-bn-xmhn-t\m A\p-h-Zn- -s Sp- n-. ]m n\pw tim n-ssd- n\pw Hcp \n nx ka-b-]-cn-[n-bp- v. P\n-XI ]cnh Ø-\-Øn-eq-sStbm at m ]pxp-xm-bp- m- nb Hcp kky-øn\v AXns _u nim-h-imiw 20 h jam-wv Cu \nbaw A\p-h-Zn- p- -Xv. Hcp cq]-i-ev]- \-bpss ]m v Imem-h[n s]mxp-p-\-øn\v AXv e`n- -Xn\v tijw 14 h j-tø- p-am-wv. tim n-ssd v Ah-Imiw AXns cn-bn-xm-hns Pohn-X-Imew apgphpw IqSmsX acn v 70 h jhpw \ne-\n-ev p- p. Hcp cpn-kvt{suv t{suv am ns Imem-h[n 10 h j-am-wv, ]t AXv ]pxp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. Rßƒ v Adn-bp-hm-\p- Xv Ckveman\pw Jp - B\pw ta anã Ako-an-\p- -s v hmzn- p Cu IpØ-Im-h-Imiw F{X-ImetØ- mwv \ne-\nev pi? Ckvemw ax-øn-\p-ta IpØI Ah-Im-i-s - Sp- -Xp-hgn c v h A\o-Xn-I-fmWv Snbm snøp- -Xv. H ma-xmbn Ckvemw axw sszh-øn-t -X, adn v a\p-jy-\n Ωn-X-am-sW v At±lw IcpXp- p. as mcphn[-øn ]d-bp-i-bm-sw- n At±lw CkvemwaX-Øns DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw kzbw ssi tø p-i-bmwv snøp- -Xv. c m-a-xmbn sszhw Xs krjvsn-iƒ v A\p-h-Zn- n p auen-i-amb a\p-jym-h-im-i-ß-fpw, ax-kzm-x-{ yhpw A`n-{]m-b- {]-I-S-\-kz-mX-{ yhpw _em m-tcw ssi tø p-i-bmwv snøp- Xv. (tijw 25 ) 106

2010 am v Fw.-F-kv. Jp -B lrz-b-øn\v Huj[w Hcp XtØzm-]-tZ-ihpw lrz-b-øn\p ia-\u-j-[-hpam-wv. k m -Z i-ihpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv.' AXmbXv, a\p-jy-lr-z-bsø kzm[o-\n- p kq va-l- S-I-ß-sf mw hnip Jp -Bs Hmtcm-h-N-\-Ønepw -Ir-Xy-amb Af-hn A mlp k n-th-in- n- n-cn- p- p. Jp -Bs\ "auc-fxv' (X-tØzm-]-tZ-iw) F mwv Cu hn-\-øn hnti-jn- n- n-cn- p- Xv. Jp -B, a\p-jy\v Ie-h-d-bn- msx kzp-]-tziw \ Ip- p. dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) bmsxm-cp-hn[ kzim-cy-t\- hpw B{K-ln- msx ]c-p-\-imw am{xw e yam ns m mwv D]tZ-i-ßƒ \ In-b-Xv. P\-ßfpsS \ am{x-am-bn-cp p B [\ym-flm-hns e yw. AXv sim v P\-ßƒ dkq Xncp-ta\n (k)-bn BIr-jvS-cm-Im-sX-bn-cp- n-. Jp -B-\nI hn\w a\p-jy-lr-z-bsø AKm-[-ambn kzm[o-\n- m- \p as mcp ImcWw, AXv kvt\l-øn\pw sszh- `-b-øn\pw A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb {]m[m\yw \ Ip- -p-f XmWv. Hcp ITn-\-lr-Z-b\v t]mepw Jp - Bs Cu kzm[o-\sø AXn-h Øn- m km[ya-. a\p-jys lrz-b-kw-kvi-c-w-øn\v t{]cn- n- p- -hn-[-øn AXn-a-t\m-l-chpw lrz-bm-h P-I-hpamb coxn-bn-emwv Jp -B Imcy-ßƒ {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn- p- Xv. "in^m-av' (i-a-\uj[w) F ]Z-am-Wv Jp - B hn-\-ßsf hnti-j-n- n- m ChnsS D]-tbm- Kn- Xv. F m-hn-[-øn-ep Bflo-bhpw am\-kn-i- lrz-b-øns Bflo-bhpw [m Ωn-I-hp-amb tcmk-ßƒ v Jp -B Znhyu-j-[-am-Wv. tcmk-i-a\w hcpøn Btcm-Ky-Øn- te pw ]ptcm-k-xn-bnte pw AXv a\p-jys\ \bn- p- p. P\-ß-tf, Xo -bmbpw \nß-fpss \my- \n p Hcp XtØzm-]-tZ-ihpw lrz-b-øn-\p ia\u-j-[hpw \nßƒ v h p-in- n-bn-cn- p- p. hnizm-kn-iƒ v am K-Z i-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am- Ip p (A-Xv) (10:58) Jp -B a\p-jy\v hne-a-xn- m-\m-hmø Hcaq-ey-\n-[n-bm-Wv. \ap v hmbn- p-t\m n A w {Kln p-amdv {]]- -{k-jvsmhpw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpamb sszhw \ap v Bh-iy-amb {KŸw cq]- s -Sp-Øn-s m- n-cn- p p F Xn\v \ΩpsS \mys\- F{X \mw kvxpxn- -Ww. Bflo-b-ambpw `uxn- I-ambpw _p n-]-c-ambpw \sω Atß-b w D -Xnbn-se-Øn- m-\p-w \ΩpsS F m {]iv\ßfpw ]cnl-cn- m-\pap hgn-iƒ Jp -B-\n-ep- v. ta h-n\w dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)s Pohn-Xhn-P-b-ß-fpsS clkyß-fn-te v shfn w hoip- p. B hnpbw km[y-am-bxv ssk\y-tam, kº-tøm, hºn A\p-bm-bn-Itfm aptj-\-bm-bn-cp- n-. F m Jp -B F AXp-eyhpw A p-x-i-chp-amb Htc-sbmcp {KŸw aptj-\-bm-wv. Hcp a\pjy\v AXns kmc-k `-amb D]-tZ-i-ßƒ pw A[ym-]-\-ßƒ pw apºn FXn Øp-\n m km[y-a-. A[nIw Ign-bmsX Xs Jp -Bs A\p-hm-N-I Jp -B-\n \n v am -Z i-\-øn- mbn Xnc-bp p. ImcWw, Jp -B kzbw hntijn- n- p Xv t]mse "\nß-fpss \my-\n \n p 107 19

kxyzqx hp-amb hym[n-iƒ pw Hcp Znhyu-j-[-ambn Jp - B-\nI hn-\-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn- m-sa- mwv CXn- \ w. a\p-jy F{X henb \ncm-i-bn ]Xn mepw kxy-øn-t\msv A`n-ap-J-am-bn-s m v ho pw Db-cm-\p {]h-wx Ah ImWn- p- p. Pohn-X-Øns s]mcpƒ Fs - -dn-bm Ah B{K-ln- p- p. lxm-i-bcmbn \ncm-i-bn s Bfp-I-fpsS lr-z-b-ßƒ v Jp -B \ Ip- im nbpw ia-\hpw Af-h- -Xm-Wv. Ahsc Jp -B kwi-b-ß-fn \n pw Ahy- -X-I-fn \n pw c n v hy -amb am hpw ss[cyhpw Bizmkhpw ]I p \ Ip p. Bflob D Xn {]m]n alm-flm- -fpss Pohn- X-sØ n hmbn- p-tºmgpw Adn-bp-tºmgpw a\p-jylr-zbw hen-b-txm-xn Ne\w sim m-dp- v. hnizmk-im-cy-ßƒ ssz\w-zn-\ -Po-hn-X- bmym y-ß-fmbn am pc- p-sim v henb henb IjvS-]m-Sp-Iƒ pw Zpcn-X-ßƒ pw ]co- -Wßƒ pw \Sp-hn F mw kln v-, alm-flm- ƒ Im nb Pohn-X-am-XrI \Ωn epw Aß-s\-b-\p-I-cn- m\p {]Xn bpw B{Klhpw lrz-b-øn A p-cn- n- p- p. Aßs\ sszhsø {]m]n- m-\p Hcp hgn \ap v Xpd p In p- p. A{]-Imcw Jp -B hnh-cn- p {]hm- N-I-I-Y-Iƒ \sωbpw ]cn-ip- -Po-hnXw \bn- m t{]cn- n- p- p. Jp -B am -Z i-ihpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv F Cu hn\-ønse ktμiw, Bflo-b -]p-tcm- KXn am{x-a Cu temiøpw hnpbw {]m]n- m Jp -Bs D]-tZ-i-ßƒ ]cym-]vx-am-sw- mwv A -am- p- -Xv. Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ Bflo-b- m- \sø kw_- n v Xmev]-cy-an- m-ø-hcpw AXns AKm-[-X-e-ß-fn-te v Cd-ßn-s - m Iq m- m-ø-hcp-am-wv. ax-\n-b-a-ß-fpss XØz-imkv{Xw Ah a\- n-em- p- n-. `uxni ]ptcm-k-xn-bpw AXns kma- {Kn-I-fp-amWv Ahsc BI jn- p-i. AØcw Bfp- Isf Xr]vXn-s -Sp-Øm `uxn-i-tem-isø Nne A p-x-ßƒ sszhw hnip Jp -B-\n-eqsS ImWn- p-sim-sp- p- p. Cu Bb-Øn Jp -B lrz-b-tcm-k-ßƒ v ia-\-im-cn-bmsw ]cm-a i-sø- n Nne v kwib-ap- m-imw. akvxn-jv -am-wt m a\p-jy-nn- -bpss A[n-jvTm-\w. At mƒ akvxn-jvi-sø-] n F psim v ChnsS ]d- n F mwv Ah-cpsS kwibw. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw \mw {i n-t - -Xp v. 20 Bflob Imcy-ßƒ lrz-b-hp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-Wv. AXns kq va-amb hi-ßfpw Ne-\-ßfpw lrzb-amwv kwth-zn- -dn-bp- -Xv. Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-ap alm-flm- msc mw Ah-cpsS Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-ßƒ lrz-b-hp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-sW v km yw \ Ip p. a\p-jy-lr-zbhpw Bflmhpw XΩn-ep _ w Hcp-]t saun- kb kn\v a\- n-em- m km[y-a-s v hcpw. ]t, CØcw m \ni-fpss A`-n-{]m-b-amWv C m-cy-øn G hpw kzoim-cyw. c -Øn hcp am -ßƒ a\p-jys Nn -Isf kzm[o\n p psh hkvxp-xbpw \mw ]cn-k-wn-t - -Xp- v. akvxn-jv -Øn Nn -bpss {]{In-b-Iƒ \S- -W-sa- n lrzbw c w ]ºv snbvxv akvxn-jv -Øn-se-Øn-t - -Xp- v. \ Btcm-Ky-ap lrz-b-ß-fn \n v \ c w ]ºv snøp-tºmƒ am{xta akvxnjv w \ Nn -Iƒ Dev]m-Zn- n- p-ibp- q. Cu XØz-Øns ASn-ÿm- \-Øn lrz-b-øn\v ia\w \ Ip Jp -B a\p-jys Nn sb hnaeoi cn p-ibpw \n Ω-eam- p-ibpw snøp- p. Aßs\ a\p-jy-k-aq-l- Øn kvt\lhpw im nbpw hnf-bn- m Jp -B- \ns A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ pw A\p-hm-N-I pw km[yam-hp- p. (A-h-ew_w: Jp -B X^vko Jeo-^- Øp akolv III lzvdøv an km \mkn AlvaZv (d-lv)) m\w \in- p- -sx-t mƒ? C_v\p Da (d) \n v \nth-z\w : Xncpta\n (k) Cßs\-b-cp-fp- Xv Rm ti n- p- v: "a\p-jy v m\w \ In-b-tijw H -b-sn v Ah-cn \n v B m\w Ah ]nsn-s -Sp- p-i-bn-. ]fin-x- msc ac-w-s - Sp-ØpI hgn- mwv hnzysb a\p-jy-cn \n v Ah ]nsn-s -Sp- pi. Ah-km\w Ipsd aqv- m Ah-ti-jn- pw. Ah-tcmSv a\pjy ax-hn-[n-iƒ Bh-iy-s SpIbpw sn øpw. At mƒ kz w A`n-{]m-b-a-\p-k-cn v Ah hn[n Iev]n- pw. Aßs\ Ah kzbw hgn-]n-g- p-ibpw a p- -hsc hgn-]ng- n- p-ibpw snøpw' (_p-jm-cn) 108

2010 am v k k^-dp- mlv Jm (d) {]hm-n-i-k-aq-lhpw shfn-]m-sp-ifpw F m {]hm-n-i- mcpw sszhni shfn-]m-sp-iƒ sim -\p-krln-xcpw, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Z i-\w shfn-]m-sp-i-fn-e-[n-jvtn-x-hp-amwv. "k "kam-[m\w' F pw "IogvhW w' F pw A -ß-fp Hcp [mxp-hn \n p- mb Ad_n ]ZamWv "Ckvemw' F -Xv. A m-lp-hn\v hgn-s - p-sim- v, F p-sh- m sszh-øns lnx-øn\p A\ptcm-[-amb Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS, Cl-Ønepw ]c-ønepw im n ssih-cn- p- -Xn-s\-bmWv B ]Zw Ipdn- p- -Xv. Cßs\ IogvhW-ß-p Hcp-h-\mWv apkvenw. Ckvemans {]am-w-{k-ÿ-amb Jp -B-\n kmxzn- I-cmb F m-h pw "apkvenw' F \maw {]tbm- Kn- n- p- v. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, C{_mlnw \_n-sb- p-dn p ""sszh-øns hgnbn kzm Ncn- -h\pw (l-\o-^v) Ah v hgn-s - -h\pw (apkvenw)'' F p ]d- p- ImWmw (3:68). ""hgn-s -SpI F v Ah-t\mSv Xs \my ]d- -t mƒ Ah {]Xn-h-Nn p: "Rm temim-tem-i-ß-fpss \my v Iogv hw-ßn-bn-cn- p p'. CXp Xs C{_mlnw Xs k m-\-ßtfmspw Iev]n p Aß-s\-Xs bav q_pw ]d- p: "Fs a -tf, A mlp Cu axsø \nßƒ mbn CjvSs - n-cn- p p', sszh-øn\p Iogv hg-ßn-b-h (apkvenwiƒ) Bbn- - msx \nß-fn acww kw`-hn- m-xn-cn- s '' (2:132-133) bav p_v (A) Bk- -a-c-w-\m-b-t mƒ, "Xs k m-\-ß-tfmsv tnmzn p: "F\nbv v tijw \nßƒ F n-s\-bmwv Bcm-[n- pi?' Ah ]d- p: Rßƒ Aß-bp-sSbpw Aß-bpsS ]nxm- fmb C{_m-lo-an-s bpw Ckvambn-eo-s bpw Ckvlm n-s bpw sszh-amb B GI-ssZ-h-sØam{Xw Bcm-[n- pw. Ah- p-am{xw Rßƒ ]q Æambpw Iogv hw-ßp- -h (apkvenwiƒ) BIp- p' (2:134). bqk^v (A) C{]-Imcw {]m n- -Xmbn ImWmw: ""\mym, \o F\nbv v i n \ Ip-Ibpw kz]v\-ß-fpss hymjym-\-ßƒ ]Tn- n v Xcn-Ibpw snbvxp. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {kjvsm-hm-bp-t m-th, Cu temiøpw ]c-tem-iøpw \obt m Fs c - I! \ns lnx-øn\v hgn-s - -h (apkvenw) Bb \ne-bn am-{xw. \o Fs acn- n- mepw! \o Fs kmxzn-i-cpss Iq -Øn tn t -Wta!'' (12:102) tbip-(a) hns A\p-N-c- m-sc- - n ]d-bp p: ""F nepw Fs ZqX- m-cnepw hniz-kn- p-hn F v (Cu-km-bpsS) injy v Rm shfn-]m-sn-d- n. At mƒ Ah ]d- p. Rßƒ IogvhW- -ap- -h (apkvenwiƒ) BsW v \o km yw hln- mepw'' (5:112) ""Cukm tnmzn p: A m-lp-hn-tebv v Fs klm-bn-iƒ Bcv? injy adp-]sn \evin: Rßƒ A m-lp-hns klm-bn-iƒ, Rßƒ A m-lp-hn hniz-kn- -h-c-s{x. Rßƒ Iogv hw- -ap- -h (apkvenwiƒ) BsW- -Xn\v \o km yw hln- mepw!'' (3:53) F m {]hm-n-i- m-cpss Imcy-Ønepw C{]-Imcw Xs -bm-wp- m-b-xv. Hcp {]hm-n-is\ ssis m p Ibpw B {]hm-n-i aptj\ shfn-s -Sp-Øs sszh-i-ev]-\bv v IogvhW-ßp-Ibpw snbvx-hsc mw apkvenwi-fm-bn-cp- p. F m, Cu \ma- 109 21

kxyzqx 22 t[bw Jp -B aptj\ {]N-cn- n- p- -Xm-I-bm Ckvemw axw hniz-kn mncn- p- -h v am{x-ambn B t] ]cn-an-x-s - p-t]m-ip-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. sszhni shfn-]m-sp-i-fpss ]cn-]q Øn-sb-bmWv Ckvemw {]Xn-\n-[m\w snøp- -Xv. ""Cu Zn\-Øn \nß-fpss axw Rm \nßƒ mbn ]cn-]q Æ-am- n-ø-cn-ibpw Fs A\p-{K-lw \nß-fn Rm ]q Øn-bm- p-ibpw Ckvemans\ \nßƒ v axambn CjvS-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxn-cn- p- p.'' (5:4) F n-epw, ap I-gn F m {]hm-n-i- m-cpssbpw kmxzn-i-x-sbbpw F m ]q ΔnI shfn-]m- Sp-I-fp-sSbpw kxy-søbpw Jp -B ÿnco-i-cn- p- p. sszhn-i-amb am -Z iw e`n- n- n- mø Hscm P\-Xbpw Cs - p {]Jym-]-\-Øn \n m-wxv Bcw-`n- p- -Xv. k Δm-[n-\m-Y F sszhni KpW-Øn \n- p- -Xm-Wo-[m-c. sszhw {]]- - Øns {kjvsmhv am{x-a-, {]]- sø \ne-\n Øp- Ibpw ]cn-]m-en- p-ibpw ]e ]cn-h Ø\ Zi-I-fneq-sSbpw AXns\ ]cn-]q Æ-X-bn-tebv v \bn- p- Ibpw snøp- -h-\p-a-s{x. ""kie temti-iz-c '' (d- p Be-ao ) F \ma-øn sszhw Adn-b-s - Sp- Xpw B ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv (1:2). ""\n -bambpw kphm Øm-hm-lnbpw ap -dn-bn- p-im-c-\p-ambn- mwv kxy-k-tμ-i-tøm-sp-iqsn \mw \ns Ab- n-cn- p- -Xv. Hcp Xm o-xp-im-c t{]jww snøs - n- n- mø Hcp kap-zm-bhpw C '' (35:25). ap I-gn F m Znhy-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-tSbpw kxy- Ønepw F m {]h-nm-i- m-cp-tsbpw kmxzn-i-x-bnepw Hcp apkvenw hniz-kn-t - -Xm-h-iy-a-s{X. ""\o ]d-bpi: "Rßƒ A m-lp-hnepw Rßƒ n-d- -s - -Xnepw C{_m-lo-an pw Ckvambo-en pw Ckvlm- n pw bav q_n pw At±-l-Øns a ƒ pw Cd- -s - n-cp- -Xnepw aqkmbv pw Cukmbv pw \ I-s - n-cp- -Xnepw as m {]hm- N-I- m pw Xß-fpsS \my- \n p \ I-s - n-cp- -h-bnepw hniz-kn- p- p. Ah n-s-bn Rßƒ bmsxmcp hyxym-khpw Iev]n- p- n-. A m-lp-hn- s{x Rßƒ IogvhW-ßn-bn-cn- p- Xv'' (2:137). ""Ah v (C-{_m-lo-an- p) \mw Ckvlm- nt\bpw bav q_n-t\bpw I\n p \ In. Hmtcmcp-Ø pw \mw t\cmb ]mx ImWn- p-sim-sp-øp. AXn-\p-apºv \qln pw D]-Z i\w \ In-bn-cp- p. Ahs k -Xn-I-fmb Zmhq-Zn\pw kpsse-am pw Aøq-_n\pw bqkp-^n pw aqkmbv pw \mw am - Z i\w \ In, \mw k -\-ßƒ v {]Xn-^ew \ Ip- Xv C{]-Im-c-a-s{X.'' ""ki-cn-øm pw blvbm pw C bm-kn pw am -Z i\w \ In: Ah-cn Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kpir- Xn-I-f-n s]- -h-c-s{x.'' ""Ckvambo-en pw A b-k-c pw (b-i-øm) bq\p-kn pw eqøn pw \mw am -Z i\w \ In. Ah-cn Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcbpw \mw P\-X-I-f-n sht - hpw D Ir-jvS-cm n Db Øn. ""Ah-cpsS ]nxm- -f-nepw k -Xn-I-f-nepw ktlm-z-c-ß-fnepw \n v Nnetcbpw Ahsc \mw sxc-s -Sp- p-ibpw t\ h-gn-bn \S-Øp-Ibpw snbvxp. ""CXmWv A m-lp-hn \n- p am -Z i-\w. Ahs Zmk-cn Ah-\n- n- p- -h-cpss Ah AXp-aqew t\ h-gn-bn \bn- p- p. Ah Ah\v ] p-imsc Iev]n- n-cp- p-sh- n Ah snbvxsx mw Ah v \njv^-e-am-bn-øo t -s\. ""\mw shfn-]mspw A[n-Im-chpw {]hm-n-i-xzhpw \ In A\p-{K-ln- -h Ch-c-s{X... A mlp t\ hg-n-bn-em- nbh Ch Xs ; BI-bm, \o AhcpsS am -\n t±-iw ]n Xp-S-cpI'' (6:85-91) ]q ΔnI shfn-]m-sp-i-fp-tsbpw Znhy-{K-Ÿ-ß-fptSbpw \ne-hn-ep ]cn-`m-j-i-fn ImW-s -Sp \nb-a-ßfpw Iev]-\-I-fp-sa mw A\p-h Øn- p-sim- p- -Xn\p Jp -B apkvenwisf \n - n- p p F v CXn- -sa-sp-t - -Xn-. ]q ΔnI shfn-]msv {KŸ-ß-fpsS {]kvxpx X -a-i-fn {] n-]vx-ß-fp-s pw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS ssiifm Ah Ae-t m-e-s - n-cn- p-i-bm-sw pw Jp - B Du n- -d-bp- p-s - Xv Hcp ]c-am -as{x (2:80). ]q ΔnI {]hm-n-i- m v e`n- n-cp A shfn-]m-sp-i-sf- - n-bmwv Jp -B i n-bp w tlmjn- n- p- -Xv. Jp -B C{]-Imcw ]d-bp p: ""\n -b-ambpw hy -amb D]-Z i-\hpw {]Im-ihpw Cb sxu-dm-øns\ \mw Cd- n. IogvhW- -ap (tijw 25 ) 110

2010 am v \ntem^ kp Øm\ timgn-t msv krjvsn amlmflyw: {]] \n Ωn-Xn-bnepw a\p-jy- krjvsn- nepw {]]- -Øn ka-{k-ambn ImW-s -Sp k p-e-\-xzhpw ]mc-kv]-cyhpw AXyp- -X-\mb Hcp {kjvsm-hn-te v shfn w hoip- p. "sk t^m ssk kv B v v kbn kv' ' \S-Ønb {]_ a -c-øn sslkviqƒ hn`m-k-øn c mw kωm\w e`n tej\w \ ΩpsS Xebv p api-fn hnhr-x-ambn \n p BIm-i- Øn-te v ZrjvSn ]Xn- n- p-tºmƒ ImWp BImi mgvn-iƒ \sω hnkva-bn- n- p-ibpw Nn m- [o-\-cm- p-ibpw snøp- p. \nch[n \ -{X-ß-fpw, tkmf-kw-hn- [m-\-ßfpw Dƒs m- p BImiw, AZr-iy-\mb Hcp {kjvsmhns amlmflyw hnfn-t m-xp Hcp A p-x-kw-hn-[m-\-am-wv. \ΩpsS _rl-ømb Cu {]]- -Øns krjvsn- n ImWp [nj-wm-hn-em-k-ßfpw cq]-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fpw, Bkq-{X- Whpw AXv bmzr- n-i-ambn kw`hn Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-a F v hnfnt m-xp- p. Cu {]]- -Øns krjv-sn p ]n n Hcp _p n-am- \mb kpo-h tnx\ \ne-sim- p- p-sh v GI-am{X Z i-\-øn Xs \ap v t_m[y-am-ipw. - imkv{xw, hninjy {]]- -hn- m-\o-b-amwv (cosmology) Cu AZr-iy-\mb {krjvsm-hns\ n 111 \ap v kqn\ \ Ip- -Xv. \Ωp ss \nco- W-Øns kq va- Xbpw Xo vw-xbpw h n- p- - Xn\\p-k-cn v {]] krjvsn- ns ]n n-ep al-xzhpw ssh`-hhpw \sω hnkva-b-`-cn-xcm- p- p. {]]- sø kw_- n- p Cu A p-x-ß-fpss kqn- \-Iƒ imkv{x-øn {]Xy- ambn \mw A\p-`-hn- p p. AXpt]mse {]] w krjvsn sszh- Øn \n pw D q-x-amb ax-{k- Ÿ-ß-fn-eqw {]]- -Øns `uxn- I-k-Xy-ßsf kw_ n- kqn-\-iƒ hywky-`m-j-bn {]Xn- ]m-zn- n-cn- p- Xv ImWmw. Cu krjvsn amlm-flysø \ΩpsS hnim-c-ßfpw IrX- -Xm-`m-h-hpambn _ n n- p- Xv ax-{k-ÿß-fnse CØcw {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ß-fm- Wv. AXp hgn Cu imkv{x-k-xyßsf a\p-jys Bflo-bhpw [m ΩnI-hp-amb hf bv v klm-b-i-am nøo p-i-bmwv ax-{k-ÿ-ßƒ snøp- -Xv. {]]- hn-kvabw t]mseøs {]]- - Øns kmc-kw-{k-l-amb a\pjys krjvsn v AXn-t\- mƒ hnkva-b-p-\-i-am-wv. Cu {]] w krjvsn- -s - Xv a\p-jy\v th nbm-wv F Hcp imkv{x-kn- m w \ne-hn-ep- v. a\p-jy-ti- {μnx {]]- -kn- m w F m Wv Cu kn m- -Øns \maw. a\pjy F A p-x-krjvsn {]]- -Øns Hcp {lkzcq]-amsw v Cu kn m w DXvtLm-jn- p- p. {]] w krjvsn- -s Xv alm-hn-kvt^m-s-\-tøm-ss-bmsw v imkv{xw ]d-bp- p. CXv kw_- n v ax-{k-ÿ-ß-fn H mb hnip Jp -B ]d-bp- p: ""Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ ImWp- nt, BIm-i-ß-fpw. `qanbpw kwl-sn-x-amb Hcp ]nfi-am-bn-cp- p. ]n osv \mw AXns\ ]nf Øp-Ibpw Poh-\p F m- nt\bpw \mw Pe-Øn \n v D m- 23

kxyzqx p-ibpw snbvxp.'' (21:31) Cu hn\w A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snøp- Xv Ahn-izm-kn-I-sf-bmWv F Imcyw {it -b-am-wv. sszh- Nn- -bn- mø imkv{x-tem-i-amwv {]]- -Øns D `-hsø kw_- n p cl-ky-ßƒ ]pd-øpsim- p-h-cni F v Cu hn\w hy -am- p- p. Cu hn-\-ønep ""kwl-\n-x-amb ]nfiw'' F Xv {_ m-fi-ønse alm-hnkvt^m-s-\-øn\p apºp BZy- I-WsØ kqnn- n- p- p. ""]n osv \mw AXns\ ]nf Øn'' F Xv {]] w \ne-hn hcm Imc-W-amb alm-hn-kvt^m-s-\ sø kw_- n pw kqn\ \ Ip- p. Cßs\ \ne-hn h {]] w hni-kn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xmbpw Jp -B ]d-bp p: ""BIm-isØ \ΩpsS i nsim v \mw krjvsn- n-cn- p- p. Xo -bmbpw \mw AXns\ hnikn- n- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xm-Wv.'' (21:31) Cßs\ {]]- -Øns krjvsn-k-μ `-Ønepw XpS pw D mb kq va-amb {]m]- ni {]Xn-`m-k-ßsf kw_- n v thz- {K-Ÿ-ß-fn kqn\ ImWmw. cay-a-t\m-l-c-ambn krjvsn- s Cu {]]- -Øns LS-\- bn bmsxmcp sshi-ey-hpw Z in- m \ap v km[y-a-. CXv {]] w bmzr- n-i-ambn \ne-hn h -X F hkvxp-x-bn-te v hnc Nq p- p. {]]- -krjvsn p ]n n A]m-c-amb _p n-ssh-`-h-ap Hcp {kjv Smhpw kwhn-[m-b-i\pw D v F bmym y-amwv bp nt_m-[-ap a\p-jy\v {Kln- m 24 km[n- p- -Xv. kuc-bq-ysø kw_- n- p thz-{k-ÿ-ß-fnse {]Xn-]m- Z-\hpw \sω A p-x-s -Sp-Øp- p. tkmf-ß-fpss {`a-wsø kw_- n v Jp -B ]d-bp- p: ""Ah-\t{X cmhn-t\bpw ]Ien-t\bpw kqcy-t\bpw N{μt\bpw krjvsn- -Xv. Ah Hmtcm pw Hmtcm {`a-w-]-y-øn A\mbmkw k -cn- p-sim- n-cn- p p.'' (21:34) ""kqcy\v N{μs\ adn-i-s- m km[y-a-. cmhv ]I-en-t\ bpw adn-i-s- p- n-. Hmtcm pw Hmtcm k m-c-]-yøn A\mbmkw k -cn- p- p.'' (36:41) {kjvsm-hmb sszhw krjvsnbmb {]]- sø AkvXn-Xz- Øn sim p-h-cni am{x-a- ; AXns {]h Ø-\-Øn-\p-th n {]]- -\n-b-a-ßƒ ÿm]n- p- Ibpw snbvxp. CXv hfsc k pe-\m-fl-i-amb Hcp kwhn-[m-\-amsw v sszhni-{k-ÿ-amb Jp - B ]d-bp- p. ""BIm-isØ Ah Db Øp-Ibpw k p-e\w ÿm]n- p- Ibpw snbvxn-cn- p- p. \nßƒ B k p-e-\sø AXn-ew-Ln- cp-xv.'' (55:8) Cu hn\w {]Ir-Xn-bn ImWp Xpe-\m-flI hyh-ÿ sb kw_- n v kqnn- n- p- p. B {]Ir-Xn-hy-h-ÿ-bn kwlmcm-fl-i-ambn CS-s - p-sim v Cu k p-e-\-hy-h-ÿ sb XInSw adn- -cp-sx ktμ-i-amwv Cu sszhni-h-n\w \ Ip- -Xv. {]]- -Øns kmc-kw-{kl-amb a\p-jy-krjvsn v al-xz- ]q Æ-amb Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-amWv ktn-x-\-tem-i-ønse krjvsn-t{i- Wn-bn a\p-jys ÿm\w AZzn- Xo-b-am-Wv. a\p-jys imco-cn-i- L-S\ Xs CXn\v sxfn-hm-wv. a\p-jy-kr-jvsnsb hne-bn-cp-øns m v Jp -B ]d-bp p: ""\mw a\p-jys\ G hw \ LS- \-bn krjvsn- n-cn- p p'' (96:5) a\p-jy-i-co-c-ønse hnhn[ Ah-bh hyh-ÿbpw Ah-bpsS GtIm-]-\hpw A p-x-i-c-am-bhn[w kºq Æ-amb Hcp cq]-iev]\bmwv. a\p-jys Ah-b-h- L-S\ ]cn-]q Æhpw Ahn-I-e-hpam-sW v Cu hn\w hy -am- p- p. [nj-wm-ti-jnbpw [m Ωn-Ia-\-xkm- n-bp-ap a\p-jys Ah-b-h-[ Ω-ß-fn G mw Xs am\pjx-bpss Hcp kv] iw \ap v ImWm km[n- pw. AXv a p P p- -tf-s-xp-t]mse bp tih-e-amb Hcp Ah-b-h- {]-h Ø-\-a-. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v km[m-cw ark-ßƒ ImWp-Ibpw tiƒ p-ibpw snøp- Xp t]m se-b a\p-jys tiƒhnbpw ImgvNbpw. hn.jp -B CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn ]Zw kao-av (tiƒ hn) _kzo (Im-gvN) F n-h-bm- Wv. CXn-\ w a\p-jys ss[j-wn-i-]-chpw [m Ωn-I-_- hp-amb ImgvNbpw tiƒhnbpw F -Xm-Wv. CXv tihew bm{ n- Ihpw ssphni-hp-amb ImWepw tiƒ -ep-a-. CXv Bflo-bhpw [m Ωn-I-hp-amb a\p-jys kw th-z-\-hp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-Wv. a\p-jy-\nse Ah-b-h-hy-hÿbpw AXns\ GtIm-]n- n- psim- p {]h Ø-\-ßfpw A p-x-i-c-am-wv. a\p-jy-i-cocw 112

\nc-h[n Ah-b-h-hy-h-ÿ-IfpsS GtIm-]-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv A p- X-I-c-amb IWn-i-X-tbmsS {] h Øn- p- -Xv. izk-\-hy-h-ÿ, c -N-{I-aW hyhÿ, \muohyhÿ, Zl-\-hy-hÿ apx-em-bh At\Iw hyh-ÿ-isf GtIm-]n- n- p-sim- mwv a\p-jy-i-cocw {]h Øn- p- -Xv. a\p-jys kq va-tim-i-ßƒ apx Ahbh hyh-ÿ-iƒ hsc hym]n- p- In-S- p Cu GtIm-]-\hpw {]h Ø-\hpw a\p-jy-kr-jvsnbpss amlmflyw shfn-s -Sp-Øp- p. {]] kr-jvsn- nepw a\p-jy- \n Ωn-Xn-bnepw ImWp krjvsn amlmflyw a\p-jys Hcn- epw- 2010 am v \ne-bv mø At\z-j-W-ß-sf {]tnm-zn- n- p- -Xm-Wv. Cu amlmfly-øn\p ]n n AZr-iy-\mbn \n p i n-tbmsv kvxpxn bpw kvtxm{xhpw kzm`m-hn-iambpw a\p-jy-a-\- n \n v Dbcp-Ibpw B alm-ssz-h-øn\v apºn a\p-jy-in-c v Ip\n-bp- Ibpw {]W-an- p-ibpw snøpw. (18- \n v XpS ) At mƒ BcmWv Ckvemw axsø A]-am-\n- p-ibpw lo\- am- p-ibpw snøp- -Xv? AlvaZn- Iƒ ]cn-ip Ckvemw ax-øns DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw sszh-øn- m s-w v hniz-kn- p- p. F m Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\xmhv Akow Ckvemw axsø Hcp a\ptjym ]- -am-swt m a\pjys I p-]n-snø-amswt m Icp-Xp- pt m? The Review of Religions Nov. 2009 hnh: F.-Fw. 1. http/www youtube.com/ watch?v=dtv27 x PBKIE & feature related. 2. understanding copyright and Related Rights World Intellectual Property Org. http/www wipo/int free publications/en/ intproperty/909/wip pub 909htm.- (22- \n v XpS ) {]hm-n-i- m AXp-ap-tJ\ blq- Z- m n-s-bn hn[n Iev]n- p-t]m- p. At m-se-xs Ah-cpsS d n-amcpw \nb-a-]-fin-x- mcpw hn[n I ]n- n-cp p'' (5:45). ho pw ]d-bp p: ""sxudmøn \mw apºv shf-n-]m-sn-d- n-bn-cp- - Xns\ kxy-s -Sp-Øn-s m p Cuk-_v\p-a-dn-b-ans\ (tb-ip-sh) \mw Ah-cpsS Ime-Sn-Isf ]n p- 113 S-cp-am-dm n; hy -amb D]-Z i- \hpw shfn- hpw AS-ßnb kphn-ti-jw \mw Ah v {]Zm\w snbvxp. Xudm-Øn \mw apºv hjs^ PZoZwKambn Xnc-s -Sp-Øp AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam- AØv timgn-t msv {]mtz-ini Aao-dpw tajem Aao-dp-amb P\m_v si.-fw. AlvaZv timb km-ln-_ns\ hjvs^ PZoZv A p-a AlvaZnøm AwKambn Jeo-^-Øp akolv A Jmankv lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv (A-ø-Z-lp) Xncpa-\ v \nb-an- n-cn- p- p. tic-f- Øn \n p BZysØ shfn-]m-sn-d- n-bn- p- -Xns\ kxys -Sp-Øn-s m pw ` -Zm-k v Hcp kmtcm-]-tz-i-sa \nb-enepw Xs '' (5:47) hjvs^ PZoZv A p-a AwK hpw kuøv C y-bn \n p GI hjs^ PZoZv A pa AwK-hpamWv At±-lw. CXn\p aptº tic-f-øn \n v a lpw _n. A_vZp- mlv kmln_v F v.-f., a lpw kn±ojv Aao-den kmln-_v, F n-hsc kz A p-a AlvaZn-øm AwK-ß-fmbpw a lpw _n.-fw. timbm kmln- _ns\ A p-a XlvcoJv PZoZv AwK-ambpw Xnc-s -Sp- Øn- p- v. A mlp AlvaZv timbm kmln-_n\v IqSp-X IqSp-X Zo\n-tk-h\w snøphm-\p Xu^oJv \ In A\p- {K-ln- p-am-dm-i-s. A p-a hjs^ PZoZv AwK-ambn Xncs -Sp- -s si.-fw. Alv azv timbm-km-ln-_n\v kxy-zq- Xs A`n-\-μ-\-ßƒ. 25

kxyzqx apl-ωzv Da, F v.-f. AUo-j-W \mkn Ckvemslm C imzp, JmZn-bm Ign Zi-I-ß-fn AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-\p- b BtKm-f-t\- -ßƒ c mw `mkw ]ptcm-k-xn-bn-te v IpXn- p \n `-b-amb Pam-AØv sszhni kwc- -Whpw hnp-b-hm-kvzm-\-hp-ap AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv {]Xn-_- -ßƒ pw FXn p-iƒ pw \Sp-hn ]ptcm-k-xn-bn-te v IpXn- p-i-bm-wv. 26 kxy-hn-izmkw ssis m- -Xn- p-tijw Ahnizkn pibpw ]ns Ahn-izm-k-Øn apt -dp- Ibpw snbvx-h-cpss ] m-øm]w Hcn- epw kzoicn- -s -Sp-I-bn-. Ah hgn-]n-g- -h Xs -bm-wv. (3:91) ho pw Acpƒ snøp p: hniz-kn- p-ibpw ]n osv Ahn-iz-kn- p-ibpw ]ns bpw hniz-kn- p-ibpw ]ns bpw Ahn-iz-kn- p-ibpw ]n osp Ahn-izmkw h n- p-ibpw snbvx-h-cmtcm A mlp Ah s m-cn- epw s]m dpøp-sim-sp- p-ibn. Ah v Ah tam am w ImWn- p-sim-sp- p-i-bp-an (4:138). a-s m-cn-søp Acpƒ snøp- p: \nß-fn Bsc- nepw Xs ax-øn \n p ]n n-cn- p-t]m-ip-i-bpw- A-ßs\ Abmƒ Ahnizm-kn-bm-bn-s m v acn- p-ibpw snøp- -Xm-bm AØ-c- m-cpss I Ω-ßƒ Cl-Ønepw ]c-ønepw \njv^-e-am-bn-øo-cp- -Xm-Wv. Ah \c-i-hm-kn-ifm-ip- p. AhcXn Zo L-Imew hkn- p- -h-cmbn-cn- pw. (2:218) {]kvxpx sszhn-i-h-n-\-ß-fn \n v ax-xym- Kn-Iƒ p A mlp kzbw- in \ Ip- -XmsW p a\- n-em-hp- p. AXn- mbn A mlp Bscbpw Gev]n- p-sim-sp-øn- n-. C p temiøv bym -Øn-ep kxy-hnizmkn-i-fp-tsbpw k Ωn-I-fp-tSbpw Pam-AØv AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv am{x-am-sw v A mlp sxfnbn- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. AXm-bXv C p apgp-tem- IØpw apkvenwi-fpss PamAØp-I-fn sszhnihm-kvzm-\-a-\p-k-cn v Jnem-^Øv ÿm]n-x-am-bxv AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn am{x-am-wv. hnip Jp -B-\nse kqd-øp- q-dn CkvXn Jnem^v F Bb-Øn Jnem-^-Øns kp{]-[m- \-amb c p Znhym-\p-{K-l-ß-sf- p-dn- mwv {]Xn-]m- Zn- n-cn- p- Xv. (1) he-bp-a- n-\- -elpw Zo\-lp-ap- -Zn X-fm-elpw. AXm-bXv Ah mbn Ah Xr]vXn-s axsø Ah v {]_-e-s -Sp-Øn-s m-sp- p- -Xm- Wv. (2) he-bp_-±n-e- lpw an _-A-Zn-sJu^nlnw Aw-\m. AXm-bXv Ah-cpsS `b-øn- p-tijw ]Ic-ambn Ah pw c bpw k-am-[m-\hpw \ Ip - Xm-Wv. (24:56) Cu c p Znhym-\p-{K-l-ß-fpw, AlvaZnøm Pam- A-Øn ]cn-]q Æ-ambpw ]q Øn-bm-b-Xmbn AXns CX-x]-cy- -ap Ncn{Xw hnfn-t m-xp- p. C p-tem-iøv 1935 cmjv{s-ß-fn ]Xn-\m-bn-c- -W- n imjm Pam-A-Øp-I-fn kpi- -amb hyh-ÿn-xnbpw {]Nm-c-Ww, in -Ww, hn-zym-`ym-kw, kmº-øn-iw, B`y- cw F n-ßs\ ]e-h-ip- p- 114

2010 am v Ifpw D]-h-Ip- p-ifpw BtKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn Atlm-cm{Xw {]h Ø-\-\n-c-X-am-Wv. AlvaZnøm Pam-AØns BtKm-f-{]-h Ø-\- ß-sf- p-dn p Ah-tem-I\w snbvx kp{]-kn ax- ]-fin-x-\m-bn-cp- p- \nbmkv ^Xv^v]pcn Xs "\nkm ' F amkn-i-bn 1960 C{]-Im-c-sa-gp-Xn: Pohn-X-Øn BZy-ambn AlvaZnøm PamA- Øns Poh pw txp- p-ap {]h Ø-\-kw-hn- [m\w I p Rm CXn-I Ø-hy-Xm-aq-V-\mbn Hcn- SØv \n pt]m-bn. Fs Pohn-X-Ønse Cu A\p- `-hhpw A\p-`q-Xn-bpw GXv hm p-iƒ sim mwv {]I-Sn- n-t - -sx v F\n p a\ n-em-ip- n-. C sø apkvenwi-fpss timn-\o-bm-h-ÿbpw apkvenw ]fin-x- m-cpss \n -em-h-ÿbpw I p Rm \ncm-i-\m-bn-øo n-cp- p. Ah-cn Pohs Ne-\-ßƒ D q-x-am-iptam F v F\n p k -ev]n- m IqSn km[n- n-cp- n-. F m Ct mƒ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns kpo-h-amb kwl-s-\m- {]-h Ø-\-ßƒ I p Fs \ncm-i p ia\w h n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Rm AlvaZnøm Pam- -A-Øns\ CjvS-s -Sp Xv AXv Xs D±njvT ÿm\w {]m]n- n-cn- p- p-sh p I Xv sim m-wv. Cu D±n-jvTÿm\w Ckvemw ax-ÿm-]-i (k.-a.) \n t±-in- p- -Xm-Wv. CXn \n v hyxn-n-en- p-sim v F\n v as m pw ]d-bp-hmt\m Nn n- p-hmt\m C Xs. (\n-km 1960). CXv GI-tZiw Ac-\q- m p aptºbp Alv aznbm Pam-A-Øns {]h Ø-\-ß-sf- p-dn- p At±-l-Øns Hc-h-tem-I-\-am-Wv. C p AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv BtKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn F{Xtbm apt dn-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. B {]h Ø-\-ßsf icn pw hne-bn-cp-øp-hm km[n- p X-s - nepw sndn-sbmcp hnh-cww \ Ip- -Xn-hnsS DNn-X-sa p txm p- p. P\-d knbm-hp ljv AlvaZnøm PamA- Øns {]Nm-c-W ]-cn-{i-a-ßƒ p XS-bn- p-sim v Pam-A-Øns IgpØp srcn p AXns\ \n oh-am- m ] -Xn-bn- p. F m 1994 Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International aptj\ 24 awn- qdpw temi-søßpw Ckvemw ax-{]-n-mcww \n hln- p-h-cn-i-bm-wv. Aßs\ "Rm \ns {]Nm-c- WsØ `qan-bpss A -ß-tfm-f-sa-Øn- p- -Xm-sW v A mlp lzvdøv alvzo ako-ln(a) p \evinb kphm Ø A\z -am-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. 115 1) AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn\v CXv hsc 69 `mj- I-fn hnip Jp -B ]cn-`mj {]kn- o-i-cn- phm km[n- p. IqSmsX 19 `mj-i-fn X a ]q Øn-bm-bn. 14 `mj-i-fn X a-bpss {]h Ø- \-ßƒ \S- p-h-cn-i-bm-wv. 2) kndm-en-tbm, _p n-t\m-^mtkm F o B{^n- \msp-i-fn AlvaZnøm tduntbm tãj ÿm]n- p. AXns {]h Ø-\-ßƒ ]ptcm- KXn {]m]n phcn-i-bm-wv. 3) d_vhbn Fazl.e.Oman Research Institution 4) Thahir Heart Institution. 5) imjm-kw-l-s-\-i-fpss ÿm]-\w, temi- Øp e - -W- n AlvaZnøm htbm-p-\, bph- P\ _me _meni h\n-xm-kw-l-s-\-iƒ Hmtc Hcp t\xm-hns Iogn-ep {]h Ø-\w, Cu {]h Ø\w temi-sø-hn-ssbpw ImWm km[n- mø \nkvxp-ey-amb H m-wv. 6) temi-øp 152 `mj-i-fn ]{X-am-kn-I- Iƒ. 7) temi-søßpw kw`hn- p {]Ir-Xn-t m- `-ßfn Ah-i-X-b-\p-`-hn- p- -h mbn Humanity First F kwhn-[m-\-øns ÿm]-\w. bp.-f.-h.-hn-epw temi-øp 28 cmjv{s-ß-fnepw CXns t]cp cpn-ã snø-s - n-cn- p- p. 8) Ckvemans ktμ-ihpw AXns A ym- ]-\-ßfpw temi-søßpw FØn- p- -Xn- mbn JmZn-bm, d_vh, bp.-si. I\-U, Lm\, ss\pocnb, sx km-\n-b, Ct mt\jy, {ioe F o 13 \msp-i-fn anjwdn timtf-pp-iƒ {]h Ø\-\n-c- X-am-Wv. 9) 1984 knbm-hp ljv ]min-kvxm-\nse 10 AlvaZnøm akvpn-zp-iƒ _pƒtum-k sh p \in- n- p. AXn- p am[p-cy-ta-dnb {]Xn-Im-c-sa-t m Ww A mlp AlvaZn-Iƒ p BtKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\- Øn 15877 ] n-iƒ X -\p-{k-ln- p. Ch-bn \s mcp ] p Pam-A-Øn p kup-\y-ambn e`n XmWv F Imcyw ChnsS {]txyiw {]kvxm-hyam-wv. Pam-A-Øns B`n-ap-Jy-Øn temiøv 41 saun- sk -dp-ifpw 510 kviqfp-ifpw timtf- Pp-Ifpw hnp-b-i-c-ambn {]h Øn- p-h-cp- p. Npcp- -Øn AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn Jnem- ^-Øns Iogn X_veoKv, X _n-b-øv, XAvenw (tijw 30 ) 27

kxyzqx `mhnsb kw_- n- p A p-x-i-c-amb Nne {]h-n-\-ßƒ km kmt XnIØnIhns Cu ImeØv B[p\nI imkv{xw G hpw AXvZpXIcambn Im Wp Hcp temiamwv _lncm Imiw. B _lncmimisø n Jp B ]dbp c paq p kq ßƒ \ap nhnss hmbn mw. BImiØns txmepcn s Spw... H w \ {Xam ß fp BImisØs m p kxyw F pw Jp B ]d bp p as mcnsøv Pn nt bpw C knt bpw kaqlta, BIm ißfptsbpw `qanbptsbpw ]cn [n AXnh Øn p t]miphm Ignbpsa n \nßƒ IS p t]mhpi. ]t, sxfnthmsp IpSnb msx (`uxni imkv{x m\w) \nßƒ p IS p t]m Im km[ya m. ho pw ]dbp p, \nßƒs Xnsc XoPzme bpw [qahpw Ab s Spw. At mƒ \nßƒ v kzbw klm bn m km[yamin. kv{xo kzmx{ ysø nbpw A Jp -B FIvkn-_n-j 19 G.Iyp alvzn B[p-\nI Ime-Øns AS-bm-f-ßsf hy -amb {]h-n-\-`m-j-bn Ah-X-cn- n- p Jp -Bs hn-\-ßƒ AXns kxy-x- p DØa km y-ß-fm-wv. Jp B ]dbp p v. Poht\msS Ipgn p aqss s] Ip ns\ n, Ahƒ F p Ip -Øn-\mWv h[n- s sx- p-tnm-zn- -s -Sp-tºmƒ ]gb Ime-Øn \n v hn`n- -ambn kv{xoiƒs Xn-sc-bp Nqj-W-ßfpw Itø- -ßfpw ]o U\ßfpw tnmzyw snø-s -Sp- Ibpw AXn-s\-Xnsc hym]-i-amb Ah-t_m[w P\-ß-fn-ep- m-hp- Ibpw snøp-sa- mwp kqn\. kv{xo kw-c- -W-Øn\p \nba \n ΩmWw D mipw F Xv C v \n-d-th- -s - n-cn- p p. {]kn- n-i-c-w-ßsf nbpw Hcp hmiyw Jp B-\n-ep v ""GSp-Iƒ \nh Ø-s -Sptºmƒ'' F v. ]pkvxi {]kn- oi-cw cwkøv \qx-\-]q Δamb apt - -ap mip-sa- -Xns kqn-\-bm-wn-xv.- cm-jv{sob i n- I-fpsS XI -sb- - nbpw thz-{k- Ÿ-Øn ]d-bp- p v. 28 116

] Δ-X-ßsf \mw Nen- n- p- Ibpw `qanbn hkn- p- -hsc ]pd-s -Sp- -h-cmbn \o ImWp- Ibpw \mw Ahsc Hcpan p Iq p- Ibpw snøp \mfn... IqSmsX hnhn[ hwi-p-cmb a\p-jy Hcp-an p IqSp-tºm-ƒ F pw ]db-s - n- p v. tziob cmjv{s-ßƒ \in- p- Ibpw cmpym- c kuly-z-ßƒ i n-s -Sp-Ibpw P\-ß-fpsS tzim c _ -ßƒ h n p- Ibpw snøpw. B[p-\nI KXm- KX kui-cy-ßfpw hm Ømhn\nab am[y- -a-ßfpw C v CXn s\ Xzcn-X-s -S-ØpIbpw snøp p -t m. ] ΔXßƒ Nen- pi F Xv cmjv{s-ßfpss i n- b-tø-bpw hnπ-h-ßtfbpw Ipdn- p p. tkmhn-b v bqwn-bs XI bpw, P Ω-\n-bpsS GIoIc-Whpw DZm-l-c-W-ß-fmbn mwmw. "kap-{z-ßƒ Iq n-tbm-pn- n- s Spw' F v Jp B\n-ep v. "kap-{z-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw Hgp- -s - 117 Sptºmƒ' F -Xm-W-Xv. B[p-\nI ImeØv A v em niv, ]k-^n v kap-{z-ßsf tbmpn- n- p-sim p ]\mam I\mepw sn -Sen-s\bpw saun- -td-\n-b kap- {Z-tØbpw _ n- n- p kqb kv I\mepw Cß s\ kap-{z-ßsf ]c-kv]cw Hgp- nb Pe-]m-X-IfmWv ""arkim-e-iƒ Hcp- -s Spw'' F Xn\pw sndn-sbcp kqn\ Jp B\n ImWmw. ""h\y-ar-kßƒ Hcpan p Iq -s -Sp-tºm-ƒ'' F -XmWm hmiyw. C sø arkime-i-sfbpw h\y-ark kwc- -Wßsfbpw CXp kqnn- n- p p ""`qan i -ambn {]I-º\w snø-s -Sp-Ibpw AXns `mcßƒ ]pd- -fp-ibpw snøptºmƒ'' F Xv, ]pxnb teml-ßfp-ssbpw a p J\n-P-ß-fp-sS-bpw- I p]nsn-ø-ßsf kqnn- n- p p. s]t{smƒ, I cn, Aeq-an- \nbw, bqtd-\nbw, πqt m-wnbw, apx-emb J\n-P-ßsf IqSmsX ]pxnb temi-øns \n ΩmWw 2010 am v km[y-a- m-bn-cp psh ]c-am sø CXv hy -am- n-ø-cp p ]pcm-x\ CuPn-]v nse cmpmhm-bn-cp ^n -Hus PUw Is -Sp- -s - -Xp-ambn _ -s - Hcp Jp -B kqn-\-bp v. ^n Hus {]m -\-bpw A mlp-hns adp-]-snbpw F cq]- Øn-emWv B hmiyw. ""HSp-hn apßp hn]øv Ahs\ ]nsn-iq-sn-b-t mƒ Ah ]d p, _\p C{km-bo hnizkn- n- p sszh-a- msx as mcp sszh-hp-an-s p Rm hniz-kn- p p Rm A\p-k-cWbp h\n s] -h-\m-ip p. \mw ]d- p: F v Ct m-tgm... aptº \o [n -cn- n-cp p. \o Ipg- - m-c- \n s] -h-\m-ip- p. AXn-\m \ns tzl-øm (am-{xw) \mw C p \ns c -s -Sp-Øp p, \ns ]nd-si-bp- -h v \o sbmcp ZyjvSm- -ambnøocp-hm th n. Xo -bmbpw a\p-jy-cn A[n-I-t]cpw \ΩpsS ZyjvSm- ßsf pdn v A{i- -cmwv.'' aqhm-bncw h j-ßƒ p tijw 1881 ^n -Hus (dmwkokv c m-a ) aωn CuPn- ]v n \n pw Is -Sp- -s p. (Cu teji\v ^n Hus (dmwkokv c m-a ) aωn t\cn v ImWm-\p- Ah-k-c-ap- m-bn- p v. CuPn-]v v bm{xbv- nss sibvtdm-bn h m-bn-cp p AXv. sibvtdm ayqkn-b-ønemwv kq n- n-cn- p- Xv. temiøv C v G hpw hne-a-xn- p ]pcm-hkv Xp Cu aωn-bm-wv.) ^n -Hu apßn-a-cn- p Hcp IY ss nƒ ]d-bp- p v. "Kd v' F ]Z-Øn\v "apßpi' 29

kxyzqx F p am{x-amwv ChnsS \ Imhp A w. apßn-a-cn- pi F. [n m-cn-bmb ^n -Hu HSphn- _\q C{km-bo-ens sszhsø hniz-kn- -Xmbn {]Jym- ]n- -t mƒ \ns tzlsø c n pw F mwp ]d-b-s - Xv. ayx-i-co-csø c n pw F. apßp A]-I-SsØ ^n -Hu AXn-Pn-hn- n- p- mhww. Bflo-bambn acn Bbmƒ Poh- hw t]mse Zo L-Imew Pohn- p-sh- -XmWv kqn\. aq p kl-{km-_vz-ßƒ p aptº AS w snbvx ^n -Hus AYhm dmwknkv c m-as aωn 1881 CuPn-]v nse ]nc-an-up-ifnsem n \n p Is -Sp- -s - -t mƒ AXn \S-Ønb imkv {Xob ]co- -W-Øn \n v Pe- Øn apßn-b m ]Sp-hy- -\mbmwv Abmƒ acn- -sx v hy - ambn sxfn- n- p v. \ns ]ndsi-bp- -h v Hcp ZyjvSm- -ambn-cn- m th n F Jp -B- \ni hn-\hpw CtXmsS ]q Ønbmbn. (Xp-S-cpw) (27- \n v XpS ) apx-emb hn`m-k-ß-fn \S- p-hcp {]h Ø-\-ßƒ aqew ""Ah mbn Ah Xr]vXn-s axsø Ah v {]_-e-s -Sp-Øns m-sp pw'' F sszhni hmkv Zm\w BtKm-f-saßpw ]q Æam bn-cn- p- Xv hy -ambn ImWmhp- -Xm-Wv. Jnem-^-Øns AXn-a-l- Ømb Znhym-\p-{Klw F m-hn[ `bm-i- -Itfbpw kam-[m-\-ønte pw kpc- -bn-te pw ]cnh Ø\w snøn- p- p-sh- -Xm- Wv. AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns 30 CXx-]-cy- -ap Ncn{Xw Cu sszhn-i-hm-kvzm-\sø km m -cn- p- p. 1934 C y-bn-e-tßmf-an-tßmfw \S p AlvdmcnIfpsS AlvaZnøm hncp {]t m- `w, 1947 C ym-hn-`-p-\-tøm-s-\p- _ n p \S h o-b-e-l-f- Iƒ, 1954 ]min-kvxm-\n \S AlvaZnøm hncp {]t m`w, CuPn-]vXnse ^mdqjv cmpmhv, kuzn-b-bnse ssijv ss^k ]m n-kvxm-\nse Zp ^n-jm Aen `qt m, ]m v ap {]kn- U v knbm-hp ljv F o `c- W-Ø-e-h- m-cpss AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns\ \in- n- p-hm-\p kpi- -amb ] Xn-Iƒ Ahsb {]mh Øn-I-am m-\p Xo{h-b- Xv\-ßƒ Ch-bp-sS-sbms Zmcp- W-amb ]cm-p-b-ßfpw ]mbbn how Ip n- n- p-t]mse Nn n- n- Xdn \mam-h-ti-j-amb Ncn-{X-bm- Ym y-ßfpw Jnem-^-Øp-ambn _ -s sszhn-i-hm-kvzm-\-øn s ]q Øo-I-c-W-Øn- p ASbm-f-ß-fm-Wv. lzvdøv hm-kvzø alvzn akolv (A) Acpƒ snøp- p: CXv D]-cn-tem-IØv \n p ÿm]n-x-amb Hcm-flob {]ÿm- \-am-ip- p. \nßƒ A m-lp-hnt\msp t]mcn v htc-. \nßsf s ms m-cn- epw CXns\ \in- n- p-hm km[y-a-. Ah CXns\ Ft mgpw hnp-bn- n- psimt Ccn- pw. AXp-sIm p \nß-fpss kwkvi-c-w-øn- mbn A m-lp-hn-\m ÿm]n-x-amb Cu {]ÿm-\sø \n m-c-ambn KWn- -cp-xv. CXns\ eml-h-zrjvsn-tbmss ho n- -bpacp-xv. Hcp Imcyw \nßƒ \ mbn a\- n-em- -Ww. Cu {]ÿm\w a\p-jy- \n ΩnXamb-Xm-bn-cp- p-sh- n ]tcm- -amb klm-b-l-kvx-ßƒ Cu {]ÿm-\-tøm-ssm- -ap- m-bncp- n-s - n CsX-t mtg \in- pt]m-ip-am-bn-cp- p. Aß-s\-bp hymphm-znbpw I p-si- p-im-c\pw Ahs F p-iqsn Ah-ti-jn- m- Ø-\n-e-bn \in- p-\m-am-h-ti-jam-bn-øo-cp- -Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm p \nßƒ \nß-fpss FXn {]h Ø-\-ß-sf- p-dn v H p ]p\ Nn- \pw snøp-i. Hcp-]t, \nßƒ p sx p-]- n-bn-cn- mw. \nßƒ A m-lp-hn-t\m-smtwm t]mcmsp- -sx v Nn- n- p-t\m- p- I. AtXm-sSm w Hcp hy n IqSn C m-xn-cn- p-ibpw F mcpw Xs Dt]- n- p-t]m-cp-ibpw snbvxm epw F\n-s m-cm-i- bpw `oxnbpw C Xs. A mlp Ft m-ssm- -ap v F v Rm\-dn-bp- p. Fs Bcp-a-dn-bp- n-. F m Ft m-ssm- -ap A mlp Fs Hcn- epw ]mgm- pibn-. i{xp- -fpss F m {]h Ø-\- ßfpw A\m-h-iyhpw {]tbm-p-\- c-ln-xhpamwv. Fs {]IrXnbn ]cm-p-b-sa-s m- n Xs. Rm X\n- m-bn-cp p. F m X\n- m-ip- -Xn Rm Xr]vX-\m- Wv. A m-lp- Fs Hcn- epw Dt]- n- p-i-f-bp- -X-. Fs i{xp- ƒ A]-am-\n-Xcpw e n- Xcpw Bbn-Øo-cp- -Xm-Wv. A m lp Xs Cu Zmk v Hmtcm cwkøpw hnpbw X -\p-{k-ln- p- -Xm-Wv. Rm Ah-t\m-sSm- hpw Ah F-t m-ssm- hpw D v. A m-lp-hp-am-bp Cu _ - Øn v X-ta-ev]n- p-hm Bcmepw km[y-a-. (dq-lm\n Jkm-bn ) 118

2010 am v d^n AlvaZv, Ata-cn sszh-øns AkvXnXzw: A n-a-sx-fnhv A\p-`-h- m\w ax-øn Ir{Xn-a-ambn tn -s sshi-ey-ßfpw sshcp- y- ßfpw Nq n- m- n-bmwv Bfp-Iƒ \mkvxni-hm-z-øn-te v Xncn-bp- -Xv. sszhm-kvxn-xzsø kw_- n ZrV-t_m yw A\p-`-h- m-\-øn-eqss am{xta e`n- q. hns-hp-i-fpss sszhw ax-hn-izm-kn-iƒ "hns-hp-i-fpss sszhw' F k - ev]-øn A`bw txsp psh v \mkvxn-i Btcm- ]n- p- p. imkv{x-hn- m-\-øns ]gp-xp-i-fnte v sszhsø XncpIn b- p p F -h Bt - ]n- p- p. ka-im-eo-\ -im-kv{x-øn Fs - nepw hns-hp-iƒ I m AXv sszh-øns t]cn \ni- Øp- p. imkv{xw ]ptcm-k-an- p- -Xn-\-\p-kcn v Cu hns-hp-iƒ C m-xmbn hcp- p. sszh-øn\v Hfn- m CS-an- msx hcn-ibpw snøp p. F m, Cu Bt ]w bym -Øn kxyk- -amtwm? kao-]-`q-x- -Im-e-Øp- mb Hcp DZm-l- c-w- -sa-sp- mw. GWÃv ltb- ]søm-ºxmw \q m- nse {]K- -\mb Poh-im-kv{X- -\m-bn-cp- p. Hcp timi-øn-\iw Poh-{Z-hy-ß-fpsS (tπm-t mπm-kw) Iqºm-c-am-sW v Xs ka-im-eo\cmb imkv{x- msct mse At±-lhpw Icp-Xn. Poh kzbw-irx {]P-\-\w (Spontaneous generation) \S-Øp p F v At±lw hmzn- p. Ign A ]Xv h jw X m{x Poh-imkv{Xw hºn ]ptcm-kxn {]m]n- p-i-bp- m-bn. C v \ap v Hcp timi-øn-\-isø AXn-k- o Æ-amb LS-\-sb- pdn- -dn-bmw. a\p-jy-_p- n-bp- m- nb GsXmcp \n Ωn- Xn-sb- mfpw ani coxn-bn {]h Øn- p- -XmWv Ah-sb- -dn-bmw. timi-ßƒ kzbw`phm-sw 119 hmzw Ct mƒ AwKo-I-cn- m ] n-. timisø kw_- -n v imkv{x-cw-k-øp- mb Cu Is -Ø-ep-I-sfm pwxs sszhsø FhnsS-\n pw am n \n Øn-bn- n-. adn v, Ccp-]Xmw \q m- nse al-ømb Cu I p-]n-snø-sa mw _p n-]- c-amb kwhm-z-ß-fn sszh-øns ÿm\w IqSp- X Dd- n- p-i-bmwv snøp- -Xv. sszh-\n-tj-[-øns Imc-W-ßƒ? \nc-h[n \mkvxn-i {]Xn-`m-im-en-Ifm-Wv, Nn - Icpw imkv{x-im-c- m-cp-am-wv. Cusbmcp hkvxpx \nc cambn Hcp tnmzyw Db Øp- p. AXm-bXv Imcy-ßƒ \ m-b-dn-bp Cu hn`m-k-ßƒ n-s-bn F p-sim v Ahn-izm-khpw sszh-\n-tj-[hpw D m-hp- p?fs ho -W-Øn imkv{x- - mcpss sszh-\n-tj-[hpw Ah-cpsS imkv{x-kw-cw- `hpw XΩn bmsxmcp _ -hp-an-. AtX-k-abw imkv{x-kw-cw-`-ßƒ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn sszhw D m-bn-cn mw As - n C m-sx-bp-an-cn mw F Bt -b-hm-z-øn-emwv (Agnostic) \ne-sim- p- Xv. P\-ßƒ sszhsø \ntj-[n- m-\p Imc-Wßƒ Xmsg ]d-bp hnj-b-ß-fn \n v Db p hcp- -XmWv. Ah a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-Wv. k Δ- m-\n-bmb sszh-øn\p Iogn a\pjy\v Fßs\ kzx{ C m-i- n-bp- m-hp- p? \ krjvsn- p sszhw F n\v Xn krjvsn- 31

kxyzqx p p? imiz-x-amb \ciw F p-sim v? Icp-Wm-hmcn-[n-bmb sszh-øns krjvsn-bmb a\p-jy kln- p IjvS- msv F vsim v? apx-em-b-h-bmwv \mkvxn-i-x-bn-te v \bn- p a\p-jym-h-ÿ-iƒ. Hcp-]t, sszh-tøbpw ax-tøbpw \ntj-[n- m- \p {][m\ ImcWw ax-ßƒ Xs -bm-wv. \mkvxn-i-cmb imkv{x- m ax]-c-amb kn m- -ß-tf-bpw {KŸ-ßtfbpw hfsc Ah- -tbmss-bmwv ImWp- -Xv. {]]- Øn \n v Ah ]Tn -dn al-ømb kxy-ß-ƒ ta ]-d axßfpw ax-{k-ÿ-ßfpw ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp sszh- Øns {]h Ø-\-ß-fn ImWp- ns hkvxp- X-bmWv Ah-cpsS Cu Ah- m-a-t\m-`m-høn\v \ymbo-i-c-w-ambn ]d-bp- -Xv. A -hn-izm-k-p-sn-e-amb \mtsm-sn- -Y-Iƒ, \nkq- Vm-flI-amb thz-im-kv{xw, A - m-c-iq-\y-amb BNm-c-ßƒ, ]cn-h P-\-Øns XØz-im-kv{Xw, kv{xoiƒs -Xn-sc-bp Ah-K-W-\, Ak-ln-jvWp- X-bpsS ax-kn- m- -ßƒ, Abp- n-ix apx-em-b t]mcm-bva-iƒ _rl-øpw al-ø-c-hp-amb Cu {]]- -Øns {kjvsm-hn Btcm-]n- p-tºmƒ \mkvxn- I-hmZw imkv{x-nn- -bpss kzm`m-hni ]cn-wxnbmbn hcp- p. ax-øns t]cn `oi-c-amb {Iqc-Ir-Xy-ßƒ [mcm-f-ambn D m-hpi F hkvxp-xsb DZm-l-cn- p-sim v Ãoh shbv _ v Cu {]iv\w kw n-]vx-cq-]-øn Cßs\ Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. "\ -bm-fp-iƒ \ {]hrøn snøp- p. NoØbm-fp-Iƒ NoØ {]hrøn snøp- p. F m \ bm-fp-iƒ NoØ {]hrøn snøp-tºmƒ AXv axw Gs -Sp- p- p.' (9) 32 sszhm-\p-`hw Hcp-]t, sszh-øns AkvXn-XzsØ kw_- n A n-ahpw BXy- n-i-hp-amb sxfnhv sszhsø kw_- n Znhy-Zr-jvSm- -ß-fpsS hy n- ]-c-amb A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wv. hmkvzø alvznbpw akolp-amb lzvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) ]dbp p: "sszhn-im-t\z-jww ITn-\-amb Hcp {]b-xv\-am- Ip- p. BIm-i-`q-an-Isf \nco- n- p-ibpw {]]- - Øns Ahn-I-e-amb {Ia-hn-\ym-ksØ kw_ n v KmV-ambn a\\w snøp-ibpw snbvxmepw {]]- - Øn\v Hcp {kjvsmhv D m-bn-cn- Ww F \nk-a- \-Ønte v am{xta AXv \sω \bn q. F nepw AXv AØcw Hcp {kjvsmhv \ne-\n-ev p p F Xns sxfn-hm-ip- n-. Bbncn mw F -Xn\pw BIp p F -Xn\pw hyxym-k-ap v.' At±lw XpS-cp- p. sszh-øns AkvXn-XzsØ kw_- n v ZrV- m\w txspi F -XmWv Hcp a\p-jys {]Ya I Ø-hyw. ]n osv Cu kp\n- nx PvRm\w {]m]n- m GsX- nepw Hcp axsø Ah-ew-_n- pi F -Xm-Wv. Fßs\ Cu ZrV- m\w Ic-K-Xam mw? AXv shdpw IY-I-fn-eqsS {]m]n- m km[y-a-. AXv tihew hmz-ap-j-ß-f-h-x-cn- n v t\sm\pw km[y-a-. Ah-t\mSv XpS -bmb kw`mjww aptj-\tbm As - n Ahs A\n-X-c-km- [m-c-w-amb AS-bm-f-ßƒ v km n-bm-hp- Xv aptj- \tbm A msx B ZrV- m-\-øns A\p-`hw {]m]n- m km[y-a (10) D]-kw-lmcw ta simspø N sszhm-kvxn-xzsø kw_- n bp n-]-c-amb sxfn-hp-iƒ \ Im-\p Hcp {ia-am-wv. BZ i-ßƒ, ax-kn- m- -ßƒ, hymjym- \-ßƒ, I p-]n-sn-ø-ßƒ, hmz-ap-j-ßƒ, bp nt_m[w, bp n-k-a -\-ßƒ apx-emb F m {]h Ø-\-ßfpw ax-øns _mly- m-\-ß-fm-wv. CsX mw Xs sszhhpw a\p-jy-\p-ambn Hcp _ w ÿm]n- m\p D]m-[n-Iƒ am{x-am-wv. A\p- `-h- m-\-øns Hu -Xy-Øn hy n- p- m- Ip bym - m-\-amwv A n-ahpw BXy- n- Ihpw AKm-[-hp-amb sszhn-im-\p-`-hw. AXmWv sszh-øns AkvXn-XzsØ ZrV-ambn ÿm]n- p- -Xv. hmkvzø akolv ]d-bp p: "sszhn-im-\p-`-h-øns ZrV- m\w B Pn- m-\p Htc-sbmcp am w sszh-hp-am-bp \nc- c kw`m-j-w-am-wv. As - n Ahs Akm-[mc-W-amb ZrjvSm- -ßƒ v km n-bm-hpi F -XpamWv' (10) imkv{x-øns ]ptcm-kxn {]]- -Øns k o Æ-X-Iƒ shfn-s -Sp-Øp- p. {]]- -Øns sszhn-im-kq-{x-w-øns aln-x-{]-xm]w hnfn- -dn-bn- (tijw 42 ) 120

2010 am v ]n.-f. apl-ωzv keow simsp-ß- q ap_m-l-e-bpss ZrjvSm w "{]t_m-[-\'-øn-\p adp-]sn- 8 apl-ωzv \_n(-k) v tijw Xs A\p-km-cn-bmbns m v {]hm-n-i- m v hcm-sa- -Xn\v A\n-tj-[y-amw-hn[w lzo-kp-iƒ km yw hln- p- p. AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ Cu kxyw {Kln- m-ø-sx v?? kn o v lk kmln-_n-\p IØv XpS-cp- p. A mlp-hns A\p-{K-l- Øm Rm Ab c v IØp- Ifpw Xm ƒ hmbn- n-cn- p-sa v hniz-kn- p- p. AXv kw_- n- p Xm -fpss A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ A-dn-bn- p-a-t m. C\n \ap v N snøp-hm-\p kwkxnsbs - m, lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx^m (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn v JmØ-ap - _n-øo F -Xn\v "Xncp-\-_n (-k)\v tijw Hcp \ne- pap \_n v hcm ]msn ' F A w Dt m F -Xm-Wv. lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx^m (k) Xncp-ta\n Xs DΩ-Øn ako-lp-_v\p-a- bw {]Xy- -\m-ipsa v Zo L-Z i\w snbvxn-cn- p p. lzo-kns {KŸ-ß-fn G hpw {]m[m-\y-ap hbmbn KWn- -s -Sp "apaxzm Camw amen-iv, klolp _pjm-cn, klolp apkvenw F o {KŸßfn am{x-a "knlm-lpknø' bn Dƒs - Xpw Dƒs -Sm-Ø-Xpam-bp F m {KŸ-ß-fnepw akolp-_v\p-a b-ans BKa-\sØ 121 pdn v {]h-nn- p lzo-kp-iƒ hfsc hy -ambpw tcj-s - p-in- S- p- p. {]kvxpx {]h-n-\-a-sßnb lzokp ImW-s -SmØ Hscm lzo-kp-{k-ÿhpw Cs p Xs ]d-bmw. am{x-a-, akolp_v\p a b-ans hc-hns\ kw_- n v 73 lzo-kp-i-fp- - Xmbpw ]d-b-s - n-cn- p- p. ]pwy- Xn-cp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS {]h-n-\-øn s Kuchw ImWn- p- -Xn\v th n am{xw Camw _p-jm-cn-bptsbpw apkvenan-t bpw "kloln' \n p Hcp cnhm-bøv am {Xw Xmsg D -cn- p-sim- - -s. ""Fs Poh GsXm-cphs ssibn Ccn- p- pthm Ah-s\-s m v Rm kxyw snbvxp-]-d-bp p: Xo -bmbpw C_v\p a bw \nß-fn Ah-X-cn- p- -Xm-Wv.'' klolp apkvenw, Pman-D- Øn a-zo, apkv\zv AlvaZv F o aq p lzo-kp-{k-ÿ-ß-fnepw, hcp akolp \_n-bm-bn-cn- psa v {]txyiw {]kvxm-hn- n-cn- p- p. {]kvxpx {]h- -N-\-a-S-ßnb klolp apkvenanse kpzo -Lam-b-l-Zokv DΩ-Øn BK-X-\m- Ip ako-ln-s\- p-dn v ]pwy-xncp-ta\n(k) ""\_n-bp- mln Cu km kz - mlp Asseln hk- a h Akvlm-_plq'' F v 4 {]mhiyw hnti-jn- n- n-cn p p. {]kvxpx lzo-kn \n v hy - am-ip kwkxnsbs - m, BK-X-\m-Ip akolv \_n-bm-bncn- p-sa v am{x-a-, At±-l-Øn\v ss_aøv snøp klm-_m- fpw D m-ip-sa m-wv. C\n sf.-]n.-f- v. {]kn- o-i-cn auem\m auzqzn kmln-_ns "JXvap- p-_p-δøv' F IrXnbn "adn-b-ans ]p{x CukmbpsS Cd- -sø- - n-bp- lzo-kp- Iƒ' F Xe-s - n D -cn- n- p lzo-kp-i-fn 6 mw \ºcmbn (t]. 64) tn Øn- p lzokn ]d- n-cn- p- Xv ImWp-I. ""A_q-lp-ssd-d(-d)bpsS \n th-z\w: \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Acpƒ snbvxp: "Fs bpw At±l-Øn-s bpw (A-Xm-bXv Cukmbp-sS-bpw) CS-bn Hcp \_n-bn- 33

kxyzqx 34.'' At mƒ BK-X-\m-Ip akolv \_n-bm-bn-cn- psa v hfsc hy -am-bn. (A-_q-Zm-hqZv apkv\zv AlvaZv). lzvdøv apl- ΩZv apkvx^m (k) Xncp-ta-\nbpsS hy -amb A ym- -]-\-a-\pk-cn v DΩ-Øn akolv Ah-Xcn- p-sa pw At±lw \_n-bm-bncn- p-sa pw am{x-a, At±-l- Øn\v klm-_m- -fp- m-ip-sa pw hfsc hy -am-bn. At mƒ ]pwy-xn-cp-ta-\n-(k) bpss hy - amb {]kvxpx A ym-]-\-a-\p-kcn v JmX-ap _n-øo F -Xn\p "\_n-xn-cp-ta-\n v tijw Hcp \ne- p-ap \_n hcn-i-bn ' F v A w Iev]n- pi km y-as- pw hy -am-bn. F p am{x-a-, apkvenw DΩ-Øn \_n v hcm-sa hnip Jp -B-\ns hy -amb A ym-]-\-øn\v ]p Wy-Xn-cp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS {]kvxpx {]h-n-\-ßƒ km y-hp-am-bn-cn- p p! C\n CXv kw_- -ambn Xm ƒ IØn-se-gp-Xnb Hcp ]cma i-sø- p-dn v N snømw. Xm ƒ FgpXn: ""Cu kq - Øns A -sa-s v apl-ωzv apkvxz^m (k) Xncp-ta\n \nc-h[n lzo-kp-i-fn-eqss hy -am- n-bn- p- v. ""A\m JmX-ap -_n-øo hem \_nø _AZo'' F hkm- \n- p 70 Hmfw lzo-kp-iƒ _p Jm-cn, apkvenw XpS-ßnb {KŸ-ßfn ImWmw'' hmkvx-h-øn {]kvxpx hn-\-ß-fp 70 Hmfw lzo-kp- Iƒ D v F Xm -fpss {]kv Xmhw icn-b-. GXm-bmepw ""em \-_o-ø- _-AvZo'' F -h-km-\n- p lzo-kp-iƒ 20- Xmsg am{xta-bp q F -XmWv hmkvxhw. F m Cukm-\-_n-bpsS BK-a-\-sØ- p-dn v {]Xn-]m-Zn- p lzo-kp-iƒ 70- Gsd Ds - p- Xv kxy-am-wv. ChnsS Ku-c-h-]q Δw Nn n-t Nne kwk-xn-iƒ Xmsg N snømw. * hnip Jp -B-\nIm ym- ]-\-a-\p-k-cn v DΩ-Øn \_n v hcm-sa v hy -ambpw sxfn-bp- p. * {]kvxpx Jp -B-\n-Im- ym-]-\sø ]n _-e-s -Sp-Øns m v Xs DΩ-Øn "ako-lp- _v\p-a- bw' BK-X-\m-Ip-sa v lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx^m (k) Xncp-ta\n kku-chw Acpƒ sn bvxn-cn- p- p. * ""em \_nø _AvZo'' AYhm F\n v tijw \_n-bn F -h-km-\n- p l-zo-kp-ifpw hfsc hy -am-bn-øs lzo-kp- {K-Ÿ-ß-fn tcj-s - p-in-s- p- p. At mƒ H p-in ; * "em \_nø _AvZo' F lzokns\ am{xw kzoi-cn- psim v hnip Jp -B-\nse {]_-e-amb {]am-w-ß-tfbpw ako-lp-_v\p-a bw BK-X-\-\m-Ipsa ]pwy-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss {] hn-\-ß-tfbpw \ncm-i-cn-t - nh-cpw. * As - n em\_nø _AvZo F -h-km-\n- p lzokp-i-sf, hnip Jp B-\n tcj-s - p-in-s- p "C\nbpw \_n v hcm-sa ' s]mxp-\n-b-a- {]-am-w-ßƒ pw Xo -bmbpw DΩ-Øn "ako-lp-_v\p-a bw' BK-X-\m-Ip-sa- p ]pwy-xn-cpta-\n-(k)bpss hy -amb {]h-n- \-ßƒ pw A\p-kr-X-ambn hym Jym-\n-t - n-h-cpw. Hcp kxy-hn-izmkn ta ]-db-s c v hgn-i-fn GXv kzoi-cn- Ww? ]fin-x-\mb Xm ƒ Xo -bmbpw CXv hni-zam- p-hm _m[y-ÿ-\m-wv. C\n \-ΩpsS N -bneqss Dcp-Øn-cnbp Nne hkvxp-x-iƒ kmμ `n- I-ambn ]fin-x\pw Nn -I-\pamb Xm -fpss {i -bn-te v sh p-i-bm-wv. * lzvdøv apl-ωzv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n v tijw C\n Hcp \ne- p-ap \_n- h-cn-i-bn-s v ÿm]n- p-hm Xm ƒ hnip Jp -B-\n \n v D -cn {] amww "JmX-a-p -_n-øo ' F hmniw Dƒs m- p Htc HcmbØv am{xw. * F m AXns A w Aßs\Øs -bms-w v ÿm ]n- p-hm hnip Jp -B-\n \n v AXns\ ]n _-e-s -Sp- Øp Hcp Bb-Øp-t]mepw Xm ƒ v ka n- m-\n-. * C\n, AXns A w Aßs\-Ø-s -bms-w v ÿm]n- p-hm Xm ƒ - "em \_nø _AvZo' F hkm-\n- p ]p Wy-Xn-cp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS lzo-kmwv sxfn-hmbn \evin-bn-cn- p- -Xv. * Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ "F\n v tijw \_n-bn ' F -h-km-\n- p lzo-kp-iƒ tihew 20- Xmsg am{xw. F m "akolv_v\p a bw' AYhm Cukm-\_n BK-X-\m-Ipsa lzotkm 70- ]cw, am{xa AXoh Kuc-h-ta-dn-b-Xpw. Cu kμ `-Øn, H p-in 20s\ kzoi-cn v 70s\ Xt n hcpw As - n 70s\ kzoi-cn v 20s\ Xt n hcpw. CXv c pa-s - n 70 s\møv 20s\ hymjym-\n-t n hcpw. At mƒ ]ns 7-0Dw 20Dw Xt - n-h-cn-. 122

auzqzn kmln_v "JXvap p- _p-δøv' F {KŸ-Øn FSpØv tn Ø lzokv (t]. 64) "em \_nø _AvZo' F -Xn\v hy -amb hymjym-\-am-bn-cn- p- p. AXm-bXv: ""A_q-lp-ssd-dm(-d)-bpsS \nth-z\w: \_n(-k) Xn-cp-ta\n Acpƒ snbvxp: Fs bpw At±l-Øn-s bpw (A-Xm-bXv Cukmbp-tS-bpw) CS-bn Hcp \_n-bn-. At±lw Xo -bmbpw Cd-ßp- -Xm-Wv. (A-_q-Zm-hqZv apkv\zv AlvaZv). Npcp- n -d m lzo-kpsim v Xs \ap v lzo-kns\ hymjym-\n- mw. "em \_nø _AvZo' F v ]pwy-xn-cp-ta\n ]d- -Xn-\ w': * F\n pw Cukm-\-_n pw CS-bn \_n-bn F A - Øn-em-hmw. * Ft mspiqss \_n-bn F A -Øn-em-hmw. * Fs sxm p-ss\ AYhm h^m-øn\v tijw \_n-bn F A -Øn-em-hmw. * Fs tijw Jnbm-aØv \mƒ hsc ico-a-tøm-sp-iq-sntbm, kzx-{ -\mtbm Hcp \_nbn F A -Øn-em-hmw. ta ]d-b-s GX w "em \_nø _AvZo' F- -Xn\v \evin-bmepw ]pwyxn-cp-ta-\n (k)- bpss Hcp lzokpw Xt - n-hcn-. "em \_nø _AvZo' F p lzo-kp-ifpw "A\Jm-X-a-p -_nøo ' F lzo-kp-ifpw kxyam-wv. DΩ-Øn "ako-lp-_v\pa bw' (A) BK-X-\m-Ip-sa- p 123 lzo-kp-ifpw kxy-am-wv. F mbmepw lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx ^m (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ta ]db-s lzo-kp-i-fpss hy- -amb A ym-]-\-øns ASn-ÿm-\- Øn Npcp-ßn-b-] w Xmsg ]dbp Imcy-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn- m kxy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ _m[y-ÿcmwv. * lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx^m (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS DΩ-Øn lzvdøv akolv_v\p a bw (A) BK-X-am-Ipw. * At±lw \_n-bm-bn-cn pw am{x-a, At±-l-Øn\v klm-_m- fpw D m-bn-cn pw. * At±-l-Øns hchv "JmX-a- -_n-øo ' F Bb- Øn\pw em \_nø _AvZo F Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS lzo-kn\pw XS- - a-. * AXp-sIm- p-xs JmXap -_n-øo ' F -Xn\pw "em\- _nø _AZo' F -Xn\pw GX w \evin-bmepw DΩ-Øn Npcpßn-b-] w Cukm-\_n (A) hcpw. * Bb-Xn-\m lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx^m (k) Xncp-ta- \n-bpss hy -amb A ym-]-\p-kcn v "JmXap -_n-øo ' F -Xn\v, "\_n-xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) v tijw Hcp \ne- p-ap \_nbpw hcn ' F A w \evip- Xv {]am- W-c-ln-X-am-bn-Øo-cp- p. Xo -bmbpw Cukm-\-_n (-A) BK-X-\m-Ip-sa v ]pwy-xncp-ta\n(k)]d- n-cn- p- p. C\n \ap v ]cn-tim-[n- p-hm- \p- Xv CkvemanI Ncn-{X-Ønse D X hy n-xz-ß-fpss ho- -W- Øn, JmXap -_n-øo F - Xn\v "\_n-xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) v tijw 2010 am v Hcp \ne- p-ap \_nbpw hcn- I-bn ' F v Ah A w \evin-bn- pt m F -Xm-Wv. (1) lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx ^m (k) Xncp-ta\n ""apa- naøp \nkv^p-±o '' F v hnti-jn- n lzvdøv DΩp apavan\o Bbnim kn±o-j(-d) ]d- n-cn- p- Xv ImWpI: ""Xncp-ta\n(k) JmX-a-p -_nøo BsW v \nßƒ ]d- psimƒhn ; F m At±-l-Øn- \p-tijw \_n-bn-s v \nßƒ ]d-b-cp-xv.'' Zp sd a Yq hmfyw 5, t]pv 204) (2) lzvdøv DΩp apavan \o (d)s {]kvxpx "Ju ' kw_- n v ssijp Camw lzv døv C_v\p JØo_ (N-caw ln:267) ]d- n-cn- p- Xv Im WpI: lzvdøv Bbn-i(d)s Cu Ju, \_n-xn-cp-ta\n em \_nø _AvZo F v ]d- -Xn\v FXn-c-. F- p-sim-s - m "F\n v tijw \_n-bn ' F Xv sim -am- p- Xv Fs tijw ico-a-øns\ Zp -e-s -Sp- Øp Hcp \_n-bn F -Xm-Wv. (Xm-hn apjvx-en^v A -A-lm- Zokv t]pv 23) (3) apva-d _-lm F {KŸ-Øn {]kn apl-±nkpw kp{]-kn ]-fin-x-\p-amb lzvd Øv Camw apl-ωzv Xzmln (N-caw ln 986) lzvdøv Bbn-i(-d)s {]kvxpx Ju hni-zo-i-cn-s -gp- Xn-bn-cn- p- p. ""lzvdøv Bbn-i(-d)-bpsS Cu Ju l: Cukm-\-_n-bpsS BK-a\w kw_- n- p- -Xm-Wv. IqSmsX Cu Ju \_n-xn-cp-ta- \n(-k) "F\n v tijw \_n-bn ' F v ]d- n-cn- p- -Xn\v FXn-c- 35

kxyzqx. F p-sim-s - m AXns A w Xncp-\-_n-bpsS ico-a- Øns\ Zp -e-s -Sp-Øp \_nbn F -Xm-Wv'' (-XIvane apva- A _lm t]pv 85) (4) lzvdøv Camw A_vZp hlm_v iavdm\n (d-lv) (-N-caw ln. 976) "em \_nø _AvZo' F lzo-kns\ hni-zo-i-cn v sim v ]d- n-cn- p- Xv ImWpI ""lzvdøv \_n Xncp-ta-\n (-k) "F\n v tijw \_nbpw dkqepw C ' F v ]d- n-cn- p- -Xns s]mcpƒ, \_n Xncp-ta- \n v tijw ico-a-tøm-sp-iq- Snb \_n hcn F -Xm-Ip- p.'' (A b-hm-jo-øp- h Phm-ln hmiyw 2 t]pv 35 (5) {]kn apl-±nkpw ]fin-x-\p-amb lzvdøv ap m Aeo-Ωp Jmcn (N-caw: ln 1014) ]d- n-cn- p- p. ""lzo-kn "F\n v tijw \_nbn ' F -Xn\v De-am- -fpss ho -W-Øn, \_n-xn-cp-ta-\nbpss ico-a-øns\ Zp -e-s - Sp-Øp \_n-bn ' F m-ip- p.'' ( -A Cim-AØv ^o idmxzv kma: t]pv 226) (6) l-zvdøv imlv hen-bp m apl-±nkv Zlvehn (d-lv) (N-caw ln. 1176). C{]-Imcw ]d- n-cn- p p: ""lzvdøv apl-ωzv apkvx^m (k) Xncp-ta\n'' F-\n v tijw \_nbpw dkqepw C ' F ]d- n-cn- p- -Xn \n v \ap v a\- n-em- p-hm Ign-bp- -sxs - m, cnkm-eøpw \p_p- ΔØpw apdn pt]mbn-cn- p p sh -Xp-sIm v Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Imgv -N- m-sn ]pxnb ico-a-tøm- 36 Sp-Iq-Snb \p_pδ-øm-ip- p.'' Jp døp sfss\ ^o X^v f ssissj t]pv 319) (7) "Alvse lzo-kns {]kn ]fin-x-\mb \hm_v kn±ojv lk Jm kmln_v C{]-Imcw ]d- n-cn- p- p. ""F\n v tijw, \_n-bn '' F - Xn\p m\n-i-fpss ] AXn- \p A w Fs tijw ico- A-Øns Hcp \_nbpw hcn F m-ip- p. (CJvXdm_-p ma: t]pv 162) (8) lzvdøv app-±nzv A ^km\n C{]-Imcw ]d- n-cn- p- p. ""JmX-ap dp-kp-emb Xncp-ta- \n-bpss \ntbm-k-øn\v tijw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ v, Xncp-ta-\n-tbm- Sp A\p-k-c-Whpw ]n p-s mh-im-ihpw hgn {]hm-n-i-xz-]-zhn e`n- pi F Xp Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS "JmXw' F ÿm\-øn\v FXncm-bn-cn- p- -X-. AXn-\m \o kwi-b-{k-ÿ\mimxncn- p-i.'' (a q-_møv hmeyw 1 t]pv 432). (Camw d m\n lzvdøv app- ±nzv A ^-km-\n) (9) lzvdøv Camw A_vZp hlm_v iavdm\n (d-lv) C{]- Imcw ]d- n-cn- p- p. ""Adn- p-sim phn! "apxzvejv \p_pδøv' \ne- n- n-. F m "XivcoCu' \p_q-δøv \ne- n-cn- p- p.'' A b-hm-jo-øp-h P-hmln hmfyw 3 t]pv 35 (10) ssijp AIv_ lzvdøv apln-bp-±o _n Ad_n (d-lv) C{]-Imcw ]d- n-cn- p- p. ""\p_q-δø'' Jnbm-aØv \mƒ hsc \ne-\n p- -Xm-Wv. F m ico-a-øns \p_q- ΔØv \ne- p-t]m-bn-cn- p- p. (^p- Xq-lmXp a n-ø- hmeyw 2 t]pv 100) ho pw ]d-bp p: "" em dkqe _AvZo hem \_nø' F p Xncp-h-N-\- Øns Xmev]cyw \ymb-{]-am-w- Im-c-\pw, \ymb-{]-am-whpw D m- Ip- -X-s - m-sw v a\- n-em-ip- p.'' (A ^pxq-lm-xp a n ø hmeyw 2, `m 417) (12) At±lw Xs ho pw ]d-bp p: ""{]hm-n-ixzw tih-e-ambn C m-xm-bn-t m-bn- n ; AXn- \m Øs -bmwv \ymb-{]-am-w- ]-c-amb {]hm-n-ixzw C m-xm-bnt m-bn-cn- p psh v \mw ]d-bp- -Xv. Xncp-ta-\n v tijw {]hm- N-I Cs - p- -Xns Xmev]cyw CXp Xs -bm-wv.'' (13) At±lw Xs ho pw ]d-bp p: ""cnkm-eøpw \p_pδøpw Ah-km-\n- p-t]m-bn, AXn-\m F\n v tijw dkqepw \_nbpw C '' F \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss hn-\-øns Xmev]-cyw ""Fs \ymb-{]-am-w-øn\v hncp- -ambp Hcp \ymb-{]-am-w-tøm-sp- Iq-Snb {]hm-n-i D m-ip- -X ; \_n-bp- m-ip- -] w At±lw Fs \ymb-{]-am-w-øn\v hnt[- b-\m-bn-cn- p- -XmWv F m-ip p'' (^p-xqlmxv hmeyw 2, `m. 73) (14) lzvdøv imlvhen-bp- mlv apl-±nkv Zlvehn C{]-Imcw ]d- n-cn- p- p: ""\_n-xn-cp-ta\n apjm- cw {]hm-n-i- m ap{z-sh- -s - n-cn- 124

2010 am v p- p. AXm-b-Xv, A mlp P\- ß-fn \ymb-{]-am-w-tøm-sp-iqsn \ntbm-kn- -b- p Hcmfpw D m- Ip- -X-.'' (X^vloamsØ Cemlnø X^vlow 53) (15) lzvdøv P\m_v ssijv A-_vZp JmZn Ip Zn-kvXm\n C{]-Imcw ]d-bp- p: ""\_n Xncp-ta\n "JmX-a-p - _n-øo ' BsW- -Xns Xmev ]cyw Xncp-ta-\n v tijw {] txyi \ymb-{]-am-w-tøm-sp-iqsn Hcp {]hm-n-i\pw D m-ip- -X F m-ip- p.'' (XJvco_p admw t]pv 233, `m. 2) (16) lzvdøv auem\m A_p lk-\mxv A_vZp løv kmln_v eiv\hn At±-l-Øns am^n-d hkv hmk F {KŸ- Øn t]pv 16- C{]-Imcw tcjs -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. ""\_n(-k)\v tijw, At±-l- Øns app-±nzp-am-cn Bsc- nepw \_n-bm-bn-cn- pi F Xv Akw-`-hy-a-. F m, ico-a- Øns ]pxnb \_n \ne- p-t]mbn-cn- p- p.'' (17) lzvdøv an km apkl Pm Pm\mw Asse-ln dlvaxv. C{]-Imcw ]d- n-cn- p- p. ""ico- A-Øns \p_p-δøv Hgn- p Hc-\p-{K-lhpw \ne- p-t]m-bn- n-.'' ajm-amøv aplvcn t]pv 88) (18) lzvdøv aplvbp±o-\p _v\p Ad_n (d-lv) C{]-Imcw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. ""icoa-øns \p_p-δ Øpw cnkm-eøpw apl-ωzv (k) Ah-km-\n- n-cn- p- p. At±-l- Øn-\p-tijw C\n icoa-tøm-sp- Iq-Snb \_n D m-ip- -X-.'' (^pkq-kp liw t]pv 140) 125 (19) lzvdøv kønzv A_v Zp Icow Poem\n (d-lv) C{]- Imcw ]d- n-cn- p p: ""\_n Xncp-ta-\n v tijw C\n ico-a-tøm-sp-iq-snb \_n D mbn-cn- p- -X-.'' (A C km-\p Iman hmfyw 1 t]pv 98) lzvdøv ssijv _men B^v\Zn (d-lv) C{]-Imcw ]d- ncn- p- p: ""\_n Xncp-ta-\n v tijw ico-a-tøm-sp-iq-snb \_n D mbn-cn- p- -X-.'' (idlv ^pkqkp liw) (20) lzvdøv auem\m A_v Zp løv C{]-Imcw ]d- n-cn- p- p: ""Alvepkp- -Øns De-am- -fpss hni-zo-i-c-w-sa-s - m \_n Xncp-ta\n(k) v tijw ico- A-Øns ]pxn-sbmcp \_n D m- Ip- -X- ; At±-l-Øn\v tijw GsX- nepw \_n BK-X-\m-bm At±lw apl-ωzo ico-a-øns\ ]n ]- n-s m- m-bn-cn- pw.'' (apvaq-a, ^Xm-h, auehn A_vZp løv hmfyw 1 t]pv 144) ""A m-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- Øm, "JmØ-a-p -_n-øo ' "em\- _oø _AvZo' F -Xn\v lzvdøv apl-ωzv \_n (k.-a.) Xncp-ta- \n v tij-ap Ckvemanse tiƒhn-ti alm-flm-cpss 25* D -c-wn-i-fmwv api-fn D -cn- - Xv. C\nbpw F{Xtbm D -cn- p-hm- \p-ap- v. F m hnkvxc-`bw AXn\v A\p-h-Zn- p- n-. api-fn D -cn- alm- mcpss A`n-{]m-b-ß-fn \ns mw \ap v a\- n-em- p-hm Ignbp hkvxp-x-iƒ * JmX-a-p -_n-øo, em\- _nø _AvZo F -Xn\v lzvdøv apl-ωzv \_o(-k.-a) Xncp-ta-\n v tijw "Hcp \ne- p-ap \_n hcn ' F A w simsp- mh-x-. * icoa-tøm-sp-iq-sn-b-txm, kzx-{ -amtbm C\n Hcp \_nbpw hcn-. * DΩ-Øn, lzvdøv apl- ΩZv apkvx^m (k.-a) Xncp-ta-\nbpsS ]n Xp-S -bn \_n hcmw. AXv "JmX-ap- -_o-øo, "em\-_nø _AvZo' F -Xn\v Hcn- epw hncp- -am-ip- n-. C\n Xm -fpss IØnse Hcp hmniw Xmsg D -cn- s. ""\_n (kz)-bp-tstbm GsX- nepw app-±n-zn-t -tbm, ap^- n-dnt tbm Hcp hn\w "JmX-a-p -_nøo ' F -Xns A -sa \ne v "Ah-km-\sØ {]hm-n- I ' F - msx as -s - nepw ImWn- p-x-cm-\m-hptam keo-an\v? Rm\- m-cy-øn Xm sf sh v hnfn- p- p. F n v axn-bt m _m n N -I-sfm-s. Xm ƒ v AXn\v km[y-a '' (Xm- -fpss IØv (3) t]pv 4. Xm -fpss sh phn-fn- p adp-]sn Rm Fgp Xn gn- p. * DΩ-Øn BK-X-\m-Ip ako-ln-s\- p-dn v ]pwy-xn-cpta\n ""\_n-bp- mlv'', F v 4 {]mhiyw ]d- n-cn- p- Xv "klolv apkvenw' F lzokv {KŸ-Øn tcj-s p InS- p- Xv ]fin-x-\mb Xm ƒ v * IØn 25 FÆw Fgp-Xn-bn- p- v. ÿe-]-cn-an-xn-aqew CXn 20 FÆw am{xta tn Øn- p- q. 37

kxyzqx \ntj-[n- m-\m-hptam? BK-X-\m-Ip akolv \_nbm-bn-cn- p-sa- pw, At±-lØn\v klm-_m- ƒ D m-bn-cn- psa pw Acpƒ snbvxn-cn- p- Xv lzvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) A. lzvdøv apl-ωzv \_n (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Wv. AXv tcjs v InS- p- Xv "klolv apkv enw' F "knlm-lp-knø'bn Dƒs lzokv {KŸ-Øn-ep-am-Wv. C\n BK-X-\m-Ip "Cuk' _\q- C{km-bo-en\v th n h AtX Cuk Xs -bmtwm; AX Cu DΩ-Øn Xs P\n- v hcp "Cuk'bmtWm F Imcyw \ap v CXn\v tijw N snømw. GXm-bmepw ]pwy-xn-cpta-\n-(k)bpss ta {]h-n-h-\-a- \p-k-cn v DΩ-Øn BK-X-\m- Ip "Cuk' AXv ]g-b-xm-bmepw, ]pxn-b-xm-bmepw At±lw \_n-bm-bn-cn- p-sa pw am{x-a, At±-l-Øn\v klm-_m- -fp- mbn-cn- p-sa- p-amwv \ap v a\- n- em- p-hm Ign-bp- Xv'. At mƒ "JmX-ap _n-øo ' F -Xn\v lzvdøv apl-ωzv \_n (-k) Xncp-ta-\n v tijw ""Hcp \ne- p-ap \_nbpw hcn '' F A w C F v hy - am-w-t m. AYhm ]pwy-\-_n(-k) "JmX-a-p -_n-øo ' Bbn-cn- ptºmgpw DΩ-Øn Hcp \_n-h-cpw. AXv ]gbtxm ]pxn-btxm B- bmepw ]pwy-xn-cp-ta-\n v ti jw hcp-sa- Xv hy -am-wv. CXv Xm ƒ v \ntj-[n- m-\m-hptam? \mfnxv hscbpw apkvenw temiw {]Xo- -n- p-sim- n-cp- Xpw Cukm-\-_n-sb-bm-W-t m. \p_p- ΔØv \jvs-s Hcp Cuk auehn-tb-tbm, Cuk apkvenbmtctbm A t m apkvenw temiw 38 \mfnxv hsc ImØn-cp- Xpw; ImØn-cn- p- -Xpw. C\n, lzvdøv Bbn-i(-d) apx lzvdøv imlvhen-bp m Zlvehn hsc-bp CkvemanI N{I-hm-f-Ønse alm mcpss 25 D -c-wn-iƒ Xm -fpss sh p-hnfn v ]I-c-ambn Rm ka n- p- I-gn- p. "JmX-ap -_n-øo ' F -Xn\pw "em\-_nø _AvZo' F -Xn\pw Ah \evinb hym Jym-\-sa-s v ]fin-x-\mb Xm ƒ hy -am- n-bmepw. {] kvxpx alm- m-cpss hm p-isf Xm ƒ v \ntj-[n- m-\mhptam? Xo -bmbpw Rm Xm -fn \n v adp-]sn {]Xo- n- p- p. Xm ƒ IØn-se-gpXn: ""Xm -tfmsv hy n-]-c-am-bp- m-bn-cp ]cn-n-b-_- -Øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn KpW-Imw- tbm-sp-iq-sn-bmwv Gsd tpmen-ønc- p- m-bn pw Ign IØp- Iƒ v Rm adp-]sn Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. Fs IØp-I-fn-ep- -bn hkv Xp-X-Iƒ {i n- mt\m kxyw {Kln- mt\m Xm ƒ v Xmev]-cyan-s v CXn-\Iw t_m[y-s - p-ign- p. AXn-\m Cu IØn-S- ]msv \ap- n-hnss Ah-km-\n- n- mw.'' (IØv (3) t]pv 8) * F m CtX IØn t]pv 6 Xm ƒ Fgp-Xp- p. ""Fs IØnse ]cm-a ißƒ v hy -amb adp-]sn \ev Im Xm ƒ _m[y-ÿ-\m-wt m.'' * CtX IØn Xs t]pv 3 Xm ƒ FgpXn ""Cu ]d- -Xns A -sa- m-sw v adp-]snbn FgpXn Adn-bn- m \ m-bn-cp- p.'' Xm -fpss IØv hmbn- ptºmƒ CXv Xm ƒ Xs Fgp-Xnb-XmtWm F v kwi-bn v t]mhp- I-bm-Wv. Xm -fpss IØp-I-fneqsS D -bn- p hkvxp-x-iƒ {i n- m-t\m, kxyw {Kln- m t\m F\n v Xmev]-cy-an-s v CXn- \Iw Xm ƒ v Fßs\ t_m[ys -s v F\n v a\- n-em-hp- n-. Zb-hmbn hy -am- n-bm-epw. Hcp hiøv Cu IØn-S-]mSv \ap- n-hnss Ah-km-\n- n- m-sa v Xm ƒ Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ, adp-h-iøv adp]sn \evim Xm ƒ _m[yÿ-\m-sw pw Fgp-Xp- p? GXmbmepw adp-]sn Fgp-Xm Rm _m[y-ÿ-\m-wv. Fs _m[y-xbn \n v Rm Hgn p amdp- n-. GXm-bmepw Rm CXv hsc Ab adp-]-sn-i-fn GsX- nepw sshi-ey-tam, hnip Jp - Bs ]cm-a i-ßƒ v hncp- tam Bb kwk-xn-i-fp-s n Xo -bmbpw Xm -fxv hy -am n Xc-W-sa- -t]- n- p- p. * Xm ƒ F\n- -b Hcp IØn C{]-Imcw FgpXn: ""an km Kpemw AlvaZp JmZn-bm-\n-bpsS 80 ]cw {KŸßƒ hmbn v ]Tn- p-sh- m-wt m Xm -fpss Ah-Im-i-hmZw'' (IØv (2) t]pv 1) Rm Ab IØp-I-sf mw Xm -fpss ^b-en ImWpat m? Rm Cßs\ Hc-h-Im-i-hmZw \S- Øn-b-Xmbn Xm ƒ v ImWn p Xcm Ign-bptam? IØns XpS- -Øn Øs Rm ]d-bmø Hcp Imcyw ]d- -Xmbn Xm ƒ FgpXn -Xn F\n v ZpxJw txm n. Rm Aßs\ Hc-h-ImihmZw D -bn- n- n-. kxy-øn lzvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv (tijw 42 ) 126

2010 am v F v.-f-kv. Imh-t»cn Dƒhnfn C m \osb- mwp sszh-ta, hnizm-k an m-ø-h snm n-sp- -sx- m A -en t\c-ø-h-cp-ss-bp- n-ep ap -Xp \obm-wn-sx p ambw! B{ibw sim m-\-zr-iyamw \n kø am{x-am-w l-sa- p- - t_m[yw Bflm-hn-ep `q-x-am-wxp ambv p-hm \mhp i n-tb-xp p ]mcn! _p n \Sn- pao am\-h ]ns bpw hnuvvn-ø-tam-tcm-s -gp- - n p Xm n-i-cm-bn- -a-bp I p \o t\m n- n-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cn mw! Afi-I-Sm-l-Øn A p-x- kr-jvsn- n ept m a\p-jy-i-c-ß-sf-ßm! \yq\x h Xpw h m \ni-øp-hm \miptam a Øy-s\m- n p tn m! sh -an- m-xmhpw t\c-øxp ho pw Xp n-s mcp IpS-amcp \ Ipw? I Xp-d- n pw {]Im-i-sam-cn-Øncn IÆ-S- m IY-sb{X amdpw! 127 ImWm-sXm-gpIn \S- -\p-kyq-x-ambv {]mw \ne-\n Øn-Sp hmbp sx n-s-sbm p \ne- p-t]m-sb- ntem snm p-hm ]ns p _m n-bmipw! A n- p-t]m-ipao hnkvabw Xo ØXn ses - nepw ] -Xm p snm mw? kup-\y-am-bm-w-\p-`-hn- p- Xo ku`m-ky-sam-s bpw \Ω-sf mw! kz w \ne-\n-ev]p- Xm-s\m p Nn n- m se p p a Øy- -l- -cn- m! k hhpw Im o-gn-se- -t]m ]ns bpw K Δn- n-sp- -Xn- Y-sat m! K h-ß-sf- m-sam-sp-ßp k y-bn k hw Xf p-d-ßp \mfn B{i-b-am-Ip-hm-\n-s mtg am\-h Bflmhn- pƒhnfn ti p-sh- n! 39

kxyzqx PamAsØ Ckvemansb s]mxp-k-aqlw Xncn- -dn-bp p "Xo 40 "Xos m n sim v Xe snmdnbp eokv t\xrxzw' F t]cn Pam-AsØ Ckvem an- m \S-Øp am[yaw Zn\- ]{XØn (s^-{_. 22)- kn. ZmhqZv F -bmƒ Hcp tej\w {]kn- o- I-cn- n-cn- p- p. apkvenweokv t\xm- -ƒ Fw.-F. Imc-t»-cn, kn.-sn. A_vZp-d-lnw, Fw.-sI. ap\o laozv tnμ-aw-k-eq XpSßnb cmjv{sob kmwkvim-cni \mb-i- mcpw JmZn-bm-\n-I-fp-ambn tn m-wv Pam-AsØ Ckvemans -Xnsc Ip{]-Nm-c-W-ßƒ Agn- p-hn-sp- -Xv F mwv tej-is Btcm-]-Ww. \ZvhØp appm-ln- Zo-\nse Nnecpw AlvaZnøm apkv enw PamAØpw tn v ssl t m-s-xn-bn P-am-AsØ Ckv emansb \ntcm-[n- m lcpn ^b snbvxn-cn- p- p-sh pw GtXm tej\w D -cn v tej-i X n-hn-sp- p. Aßs\ \mep-`m- KØv \n pw apkvenw I n-isfs m v AlvaZn-Iƒ Xßsf ]oun- n- p psh mwv am[yaw tej-is Ae-ap-d. ] - - amwv Cu Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\xmhv {]N-cn- n- p- -Xv. Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS `oi-c-kn- m- -ßsf AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv FXn m-dp- v. AXn\v Rßsf Im^n-dm- p a p apkv enw I n-i-fpss klm-btam cl- apkm-^n ky-iq- p-sit m AlvaZnøm Pam- A-Øn\v Bh-iy-an-. Pam-A-sØ Ckveman-bpsS ^mknãv kn- m- ßƒ apkvenwi-fp-ss \ne-\nev]ns\ _m[n- p- Kuc-h-ta-dnb {]iv\-am-wv. AXv a\- n-em- m- \p _p -n-i n Ah v Im Wp-a-t m. Hmtcm-t m-tcm mbn Ah AXv a\- n-em- n-h-cp- XvsIm mwv Cu hna i-\ßfp- m-ip- -Xv. AlvaZn-Iƒ Xß sf hna in- p- p F v ]d v apkvenwiƒ n-s-bn t\ -ap- m- m {ian- p Pam-AsØ Ckveman-sb- p-dn-t m p-tºmƒ, Duc-t Bev apf- -Xn A`nam-\n- p-\-s D-fp- n- m-ø-hs IY-bmWv Hm Ω-hcp Xv. Pam- AsØ Ckvem ansb Ah-cpsS `oi-c-hm-z-øns t]cn hna in- p apkvenw I n-isf Alv azn _ w Btcm-]n v HXp- msa X{ w ]min-kvxm-\n ]b- n-b-xm-wv. F n pw apkvenw cmpyamb ]min-kvxm-\n Pam-AsØ Ckveman C pw P\-Io-bm-Sn-Ø-dbn- msx ipjvin v Im n-c- p nt]mse \nev p- p. AtX-kabw auzqznbpss hnπhkn m- - Øn \n pw {]tnmz\w Dƒ s m v Ckveman-I-`-cWw ÿm ]n- m sim p-sim p `oi-c-kw- L-S-\-Iƒ e pw ekm-\p-an- msx AhnsS ]\-t]mse hf-cp-ibpw snøp- p. CXmWv ]min-kvxm-\n Pam-AsØ Ckveman cmjv{so-b- Øn CS-s]- -Xns ^ew. ]min-kvxm-\n `oi-c-hm-zambn ]cn-w-an AShv \bw ticf-øn ]co- n- p-t\m- p-i-bm Wv. Xß-fpsS `oi-c-hm-zsø hn a in- p- -h-cn JmZn-bm\o i Btcm-]n v \ni-_vz-\m- pi F - XmWv B X{ w. apkvenw I n- Iƒ `b v Pam-AsØ CkvemanbpsS Xo{h-hm-Z-Øn-s\-Xnsc H pw Dcn-bm-Sns pw Xß-fpsS ^mknãv ax-cm-jv{s-hm-zsø ]n p-w- p-sa pw Ah {]Xo- n- p- p. AXn- mbn F{X Ifhpw hymphpw Na v {]N-cn- n- m Pam-AsØ Ckveman Xømdm-Wv. ]t, P\m-[n-]Xy tic-f- Ønse {]_p- cmb apkvenw kaqlw Pam-AsØ Ckveman bpss A]-ISw AXn-thKw Xncn- -dn v Ahsc H -s -Sp-Øn-s m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Ifhv tlmc-amb Hc-]-cm-[-amsW- mwv dkq Xncp-ta\n(k) \sω ]Tn- n- -Xv. bmsxm-c-h-k-c- Ønepw Ifhv ]d-bm ]msn-s - mwv B a-lm-flm-hns A ym- ]-\w. F m Ifhv ]d v {]ÿm\w {]N-cn- n- -W-sa- mwv ^mknkw ]d-bp- -Xv. Cu ^m knãp ]cn-]m-sn-bpss ]pc-kvi Ømhv Ko_ kv am{x-amsw 128