An Assessment of Geological Carbon Sequestration in the Illinois Basin: The Illinois Basin-Decatur Site presented by Robert J. Finley and the MGSC Project Team April 15, 2009 Illinois Sustainable Technology Center Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium www.sequestration.org
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, as part of the Regional Sequestration Partnerships Program, and by the Illinois Office of Coal Development (DCEO) through the Illinois Clean Coal Institute. The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC) is a collaboration led by the geological surveys of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky
Global GHG emissions due to human activities have grown since preindustrial times, with an increase of 70% between 1970 and 2004 -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, 2007
Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20 th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, 2007
Primary energy consumption per capita (BP, 2008)
Coal production Coal consumption BP, 2008
world primary energy demand grows by 1.6% per year on average in 2006-2030 an increase of 45%. Fossil fuels account for 80% of the world s primary energy mix in 2030 -International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook, 2008
Evidence for Global Climate Change Continues to Develop IPCC, 2007 Mitigation responses need to be investigated Geological carbon sequestration repeatedly cited as a necessary technology
Large-Scale Deployment Tests 5 1 Partnership Geologic Province Triassic Nugget Sandstone/ Moxa Arch Formation Type Saline 2 Mt. Simon Sandstone Saline WESTCARB 9 Big Sky 1 8 4 SWP PCOR 2 3 MGSC MRCSP SECARB 3 4 5 Mt. Simon Sandstone Williston Basin Devonian Age Carbonate Rock Saline Saline/Oil Bearing Oil Bearing 6 7 6 7 Lower Tuscaloosa Formation Massive Sand Unit Saline Injection Schedule 2009 Injection Scheduled 2010 Injection Scheduled 8 9 Regional Jurassic and Older Formations San Joaquin Basin Saline Saline 2011 Injection Scheduled
Large-Scale Deployment Tests 5 1 Partnership Geologic Province Triassic Nugget Sandstone/ Moxa Arch Formation Type Saline 2 Mt. Simon Sandstone Saline WESTCARB 9 Big Sky 1 8 4 SWP PCOR 2 3 MGSC MRCSP SECARB 3 4 5 Mt. Simon Sandstone Williston Basin Devonian Age Carbonate Rock Saline Saline/Oil Bearing Oil Bearing 6 7 6 7 Lower Tuscaloosa Formation Massive Sand Unit Saline Injection Schedule 2009 Injection Scheduled 2010 Injection Scheduled 8 9 Regional Jurassic and Older Formations San Joaquin Basin Saline Saline 2011 Injection Scheduled
DOE Sequestration Program Statistics FY2008 DOE Budget (Million $) Strong industry support ~ 39% cost share on projects Federal Investment to Date ~ $481 Million Fiscal Year Diverse research portfolio ~ 70 Active R&D Projects Non-CO 2 GHG Mitigation, 0.3% Breakthrough Concepts, 3% MMV, 7% Sequestration, 8% Capture of CO 2, 12% FY 2008 Budget Asia Pacific Partnership, 2% General, 10% Regional Partnerships, 57%
Project Synopsis A collaboration of the Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM), the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium, Schlumberger Carbon Services, and other subcontractors plans to inject 1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide at a depth of 7,500 +/- ft to test geological carbon sequestration in a saline reservoir
Project Timeline Project funded December 2007 Baseline environmental activities began late spring 08 Preliminary UIC permit hearing October 08 Permit finalized January 27, 2009 Injection well drilling: February 14, 2009 start; 68+ days to drill CO 2 injection period: February 2010-February 2013 Environmental monitoring through January 2015
Illinois Basin
Illinois Basin Stratigraphic Column Pennsylvanian coal seams Mississippian sandstone and carbonate oil reservoirs New Albany Shale Maquoketa Shale Illinois Basin Stratigraphic Column St. Peter Sandstone Eau Claire Shale Mt. Simon Sandstone from Leetaru, 2004
Evaluation of Basin- Scale Data Began in 2003
2D Geophysical Survey Gives Assessment of Site N SITE October 07
Well Site Construction Summer 08
Well Location Illinois Basin- Decatur Test Site ~ 3/4 mile ~ ¾ mile
C D Illinois Basin- Decatur Test Site D B A A Dehydration/ compression facility location B Pipeline route C Injection well site D Representative verification well sites Quickbird Satellite Image: 9/16/ 2008
Preliminary CO 2 Process Flow Diagram for Illinois Basin-Decatur Site Output Dry at ~1,300-1,500 psia Input Wet at 14.5 psia From Trimeric Corporation, 2009
Drilling started February 14, 2009
Cementing the Surface Casing
Tripping the Pipe at Midnight
Testing and Sampling at 3 a.m.
MMV-02 Hubbard Rd Air Sampling B r u s h C o l l e g e R d MMV-03 MMV-04 MMV-07 MMV-01 Reas Bridge Rd MMV-05 MMV-08 MMV-09 Quickbird Satellite Image, September 16, 2008 Environmental Site Monitoring Plan Shallow ground water wells Instrument the drain tile system Electrical resistivity near injection well Surface soil flux chambers Atmospheric monitoring
Eddy Covariance Air Sampling Site
Groundwater Monitoring Wells Installed
Monitoring of Shallow Groundwater Electrical resistivity near injection well
Plume Monitoring Strategies Position of CO 2 plume based on repeat surface and downhole geophysics similar to Sleipner project in Norway and Frio Brine Pilot near Houston 1994 1995 2001 Frio Brine Pilot Sleipner 4D Geophysics CO 2 response Daley et al, 2007
Area Monitoring MMV-02 MMV-03 Hubbard Rd MMV-04 Reas Bridge Rd MMV-05 Shallow ground water B r u s h C o l l e g e R d MMV-07 MMV-01 MMV-08 MMV-09 Color and CIR satellite Imagery Radial repeat vertical seismic profiles
Baseline 3D Geophysical Survey - Fall 2009 Surface use will limit some source (red) and receiver (black) locations
Computer Simulation of Injected CO 2 Distribution after 3 years of injection after 100 years -- 22 layers -- 200 x 200 ft grid --k v = 0.25k h
Illinois Basin- Decatur Project Attracts International Attention Delegation from China February 25, 2009
Project Outcomes A large-scale injection of 1 million tonnes of CO 2 successfully demonstrated and associated safety, efficiency, and effectiveness requirements met Volume sufficient to monitor geophysically; overall effort scalable to coal gasification plants An active geological site model developed and continually updated as new data are acquired A process model established for site characterization permitting, equipment, injection, environmental monitoring, and outcome assessment that will support energy facility development with integrated carbon sequestration in the Illinois Basin, nationally, and globally
Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium www.sequestration.org Photo credits: Daniel Byers