Sea Ice Advisories for Indian Research & Supply Vessels D. Ram Rajak, R. K. Kamaljit Singh, Jayaprasad P., Sandip R. Oza, M. Javed Beg* Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India. *National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Goa, India.
Indian Antarctic Programme National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research offers opportunity to scientists for mounting scientific projects from two year round research bases in Antarctica Maitri Commissioned in 1988 Schermacher Oasis, central Dronning Maud Land 70 O 45 01.65" S 11 O 43 01.45" E Bharati Commissioned in 2012 Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica 69 O 24 28.80 S 76 O 11 14.70 E Thursday, May 21, 2015
Sea Ice Challenges Confronted with the sea ice challenges, a programme on providing Sea ice advisory was initiated in 2012. Satellite derived information related to the current status of sea ice, fast ice, and icebergs for ship navigation en route to Bharati and Maitri stationareacquired,processedandverifiedwithlimitedgroundcontrols wherever possible.
Near Real Time Sea Ice Advisories Using Satellite Data India Started Sea Ice Monitoring during Antarctic Expeditions using multiple satellite data since 2013. The Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad and National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR), Goa jointly carry out the monitoring. Sea Ice Advisory is provided to Expedition ship using Near Real time information derived from Indian and global satellite based earth observation data. Selection of safe ship routes to reach Bharati and Maitri barriers and to exit from Quilty Bay and India Bay. Sea Ice Parameters e.g. Concentration, type, thickness, deformations, drift, refreezing & melting trends etc are taken into account. Model predicted surface temperatures and wind vectors available from internet sites are taken into account. Sea ice advisories are provided in the form of text as well as images.
Resourcesat 2 Characteristics Launched by ISRO, India on April 20, 2011 by PSLV C16 with YOUTHSAT and X SAT AWiFS LISS III LISS IV Spatial Resolution (m): 56 Swath (km): 740 Spectral Bands (µm): 0.52 0.59; 0.62 0.68; 0.77 0.86; 1.55 1.70 (4 bands) Quantization (bits): 12 bit Repetivity (days): 5 Spatial Resolution (m): 23.5 Swath (km): 140 Spectral Bands (µm): 0.52 0.59; 0.62 0.68; 0.77 0.86; 1.55 1.70 (4 bands) Quantization (bits): 10 bit Repetivity (days): 24 Spatial Resolution (m): 5.8 Swath (km): 70/23 Spectral Bands (µm): 0.52 0.59; 0.62 0.68; 0.77 0.86 (1/3 bands) Quantization (bits): 10 bit Revisit Period (days): 5 (steerable)
SARAL AltiKa Characteristics AltiKa: A Ka band (35.75GHz) altimeter with enhanced bandwidth (500MHz). 1st oceanographic altimeter at Ka band frequency. More accurate measurements due to better spatial and vertical resolution Care: Ka band sensitivity to rain. Data products : SARAL: Satellite with Argos and Altika CNES and ISRO Joint Mission Launched by ISRO on February 25, 2013 by PSLV C 20 OGDR: Operational Geophysical Data Record near real time, IGDR: Interim Geophysical Data Record 1 to 1.5 days, GDR: Geophysical Data Record in 60 days.
RISAT 1 SAR Image Quality Parameters Misra et al., 2013 Current Science, 104 (4)
Other Satellite Data/Products MODIS Mosaic Rapid Response MODIS mosaic of Antarctica. True colour image from Terra and Aqua; 250m Tile product, geotiff format Projection: Polar Stereographic, origin at 0 long, 90 lat & 71 standard parallel) Sea Ice Concentration (SIC) at 3.125km Near Real Time AMSR2 ASI sea ice concentration data at 3.125km: Spreen et al., 2008; Kaleschke et al., 2001, and Beitsch et al., 2013 SIC values are calculated with the ARTIST (Arctic Radiation and Turbulence Interaction STudy) Sea Ice (ASI) concentration algorithm using AMSR2 89 GHz L1R brightness temperatures.
Sea Ice Concentration (SIC): Sources of Major Sea Ice Parameters Near Real Time AMSR2 ASI 3.125km SIC product Sea Ice Thickness (SIT): SARAL AltiKa, OGDR data Sea Ice Drift (SIDr): Resorcesat 2 AWiFS, MODIS mosaic Sea Ice Deformation (SID): AWiFS, LISS III, RISAT 1 SAR Sea Ice Type: RISAT 1 SAR & Resourcesat 2 LISS IV Presence of Polynya / Leads: AWiFS, LISS III, MODIS mosaic Presence of icebergs: RISAT 1 SAR, LISS III, LISS IV Probability of refreezing / melting: Temporal RS data and predicted surface temperature
Multi sensor Data for Monitoring of Antarctic Coast Near Indian Stations
Sea Ice Fragmentation Observed Through Resourcesat 2 LISS IV Feb 05, 2015 Data near India Bay, Antarctic Coast
Sea Ice Status As On Feb 14, 2015 MODIS & SIC Data (Maitri) U Ship may not face much difficulty in passing through it. P1 and P2 are the suggested Entry Points for ship to reach Points A or B. Sea ice concentration i.e. SIC as on Feb 15, 2015 is shown in 4 classes (<80%, 80 90%, 90 95%, and >95%).
Sea Ice Status Comparison Changes w.r.t. Previous Year
Suggested Ship Entry Routes to India Bay: Feb 23, 2015
MODIS Mosaic over India Bay Feb 28, 2015
Resourcesat-2 AWiFS over India Bay: Feb 28, 2015
Resourcesat 2 LISS IV over India Bay: Feb 28, 2015
Daily Monitoring of Sea Ice Concentration in India Bay
Preferred Ship Route to Exit India Bay (Antarctica)
Thank You!