Lab 3 Molecular Level of Organization Laboratory Objectives List and describe common biomolecules. Identify the monomers and polymers of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Describe the formation of polar and non-polar molecules. Characterize the structure of molecules that are hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Define activation energy. Describe how the substrate concentration and temperature affect enzymatic activity. Identify the substrate of an enzyme based on the name of the enzyme. Compare dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, and exchange reactions. 1
Activity 1: Common Biomolecules Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice, Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > See > Anatomy Overview: Common Biomolecules 1. What are two examples of contractile proteins? 2. What are proteins that are present in the liquid portion of the blood? 3. What is an example of a regulatory protein secreted from the pancreas? 4. How does the body use monosaccharides? 5. Cholesterol, testosterone, and triglycerides are all examples of what biomolecule? 2
Activity 2: Organic Molecules Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice, Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > Do > Interactive Concepts and Connections: Organic Molecules 1. What are some examples of common carbohydrates? 2. Are dehydration synthesis reactions anabolic or catabolic? 3. Which of the organic molecules is an immediate energy source? 4. Lipids can be hydrophobic or amphiphilic. What is the difference? 3
Activity 4: Polarity and Solubility of Molecules Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > See > Animation: Polarity and Solubility of Molecules > Sections 3.1 and 4.1 Section 3.1 1. How are the electrons of non-polar compounds distributed? 2. How will non-polar molecules distribute in water? Why? Section 4.1 3. Describe the structure of a phospholipid. 4. How does this structure form a waterproof barrier for a cell? 4
Activity 5 : Reactions and Equilibrium Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > See > Animation: Types of Reactions and Equilibrium > Sections 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, and 5.1 1. Define activation energy. 2. How does increasing the temperature change the activation energy? 3. How does increasing concentration change the activation energy? 4. How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction? 5
Activity 6 : Reactions and Equilibrium Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > See > Animation: Types of Reactions and Equilibrium > Sections 6.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 9.1 1. Why is it called a dehydration synthesis reaction? 2. What is used to break a bond in a decomposition reaction? 3. How is the formation of a dipeptide an exchange reaction? 4. How does the hydrolysis of ATP provide energy for other cellular processes? 6
Activity 7: Reaction Race Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, Practice, Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > Do > Interactive Exercise: Reaction Race 1. What is the name of the molecule acted up by the enzyme? 2. What type of chemical reaction takes place when the reactants can form products or the products can reform into the reactants? 3. What will happen in a enzymatic reaction if the concentration of the reactants is increased? 4. What will happen to the activity of an enzyme if its shape is changed? 7
Activity 8: Enzyme Anticipation Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, Practice, Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > Do > Interactive Exercise: Enzyme Anticipation 1. What is the difference between a coenzyme and a cofactor. 2. What is the target of a protease? 3. What is the target of a lipase? 4. What enzyme adds oxygen to a substrate? 8
Activity 9: DNA Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice, Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > Do > Visual Anatomy > Chemical Structures > Illustrated Anatomy > Sections: Portion of a DNA molecule and Structures of ATP and ADP 1. What type of bond forms to hold DNA strands together? 2. The nitrogen bases are attached to what component of the DNA strand? 3. Why are guanine and cytosine complementary bases? 4. What is the complementary base for adenine? 9
Activity 10: Polarity Path Navigation: WileyPlus > Read, Study, and Practice > Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization > Do > Interactive Exercise: Polarity Path 1. What elements are prominent in non-polar compounds? 2. What type of molecule has an uneven distribution of electrons? 3. What keeps the phospholipids in the cell membrane together? 10