Review Session 3 TEMPERATURE, A CIDS, BASES, M IXTURES
Properties of Matter Some are specific to only one substance This is a characteristic property Density, Boiling Point, Melting Point Some can be shared by a lot of substances This is a non-characteristic property Mass, Volume, Temperature, acidity, alkalinity
Temperature Def: degree of agitation of particles How much the particles move More energy = more movement = higher temperature Unit used for temperature: Celsius ( C)
Acidity and Alkalinity Acidity: The level of an acid in a substance Alkalinity: The level of a base in a substance Acids and bases are measured on the ph scale
Acidity and Alkalinity
Reaction to Litmus ** (Extremely Important!) Presence of an Acid Presence of a Base Presence of a Neutral Substance Red litmus Stays red Turns blue Stays red Blue Litmus Turns red Stays blue Stays blue
Liquid A is a
Liquid B is a
Liquid C is a
Typical Exam Question Which of the following is a non-characteristic property? a) Density b) Boiling point c) Temperature d) Freezing point
Typical Exam Question Which of the following is a characteristic property? a) Acidity b) Boiling point c) Temperature d) Alkilinity
Typical Exam Question You have a substance with a ph of 8. The substance is therefore a a) Acid b) Base c) Neutral d) None of the above
Typical Exam Question You have a substance with a ph of 7. The substance is therefore a a) Acid b) Base c) Neutral d) None of the above
Typical Exam Question You have a substance with a ph of 2. The substance is therefore a a) Acid b) Base c) Neutral d) None of the above
Typical Exam Question Ms Di Lallo has a unknown liquid. She puts red litmus paper in it and the paper stays red. She puts blue litmus paper in it and the paper turns red. What is the unknown? a) An acid b) A Base c) A Neutral substance d) No idea, Ms Di Lallo needs to do another test
Typical Exam Question Ms Di Lallo has a unknown liquid. She puts blue litmus paper in it and it stays blue. She doesn t have any red litmus paper. What substance could it be? a) An acid b) A Base c) A Neutral substance d) Either a base or neutral; need to do another test
Types of Mixtures Pure substance Mixture Only one type of particle Two or more particles; but they are not chemically bound Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Soluble vs Insoluble Soluble Dissolves in water Insoluble Does not dissolve in water Ex: Salt and water, sugar and water Ex: Mud and water, pepper and water
Typical Exam Questions Pure gold (solid made only of the element gold) is an example of what a) Pure substance b) Homogeneous mixture c) Heterogeneous mixture d) Money
Typical Exam Questions Lemonade; made from mostly sugar and water, is an example of a a) Pure substance b) Homogeneous mixture c) Heterogeneous mixture d) Money
Typical Exam Questions Sand, made from different types of rocks broken into little pieces, is an example of a a) Pure substance b) Homogeneous mixture c) Heterogeneous mixture d) Money
Separation Techniques Heterogeneous Mixtures Sedimentation: Let particles separate; heavier one settles to bottom Decantation (done usually after sedimentation): Pour top layer into a different container, leave sediment behind Homogeneous Mixtures Distillation Uses evaporation to boil liquid component Uses condensation to convert gas back into liquid Residue remains in original beaker Filtration: Use a physical barrier (filter paper) to separate particles. Filtrate goes through filter, residue gets trapped
Sedimentation
Decantation
Filtration
Distillation
Typical Exam Questions To separate sand from water, what separation technique would you use? a) Sedimentation b) Decantation c) Filtration d) Both a and b
Typical Exam Questions To separate oil from water, what separation technique would you use? a) Sedimentation b) Decantation c) Filtration d) Both a and b
Typical Exam Questions To separate pepper from water, what separation technique would you use? a) Sedimentation b) Decantation c) Filtration d) Distillation
Typical Exam Questions To separate salt from water, what separation technique would you use? a) Sedimentation b) Decantation c) Filtration d) Distillation